94 results on '"S. Ialongo"'
Search Results
2. Adolescent cannabis and tobacco use are associated with opioid use in young adulthood—12‐year longitudinal study in an urban cohort
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Brion S. Maher, Jill A. Rabinowitz, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Beth A. Reboussin, and Johannes Thrul
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Adult ,Male ,Longitudinal study ,Tobacco use ,Adolescent ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Tobacco Use ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Cannabis ,biology ,business.industry ,Opioid use ,biology.organism_classification ,United States ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cohort ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background and aims Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use are prevalent among youth in the United States and may be risk factors for opioid use. The current study aimed at investigating associations between developmental trajectories of cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence and opioid use in young adulthood in an urban cohort over the span of 12 years. Design Cohort study of adolescents originally recruited for a randomized prevention trial with yearly assessments into young adulthood. Setting Nine urban elementary schools in Baltimore, MD in the United States. Participants Participants (n = 583, 86.8% African American, 54.7% male) were originally recruited as first grade students. Measurements Cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use were assessed annually from ages 14-18 years and opioid use from ages 19-26. Socio-demographics were assessed at age 6. Intervention status was also randomly assigned at age 6. Gender, race, free/reduced-priced lunch and intervention status were included as covariates in individual and sequential growth models. Findings There were significant positive associations between the cannabis use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 1.43; P = 0.028), the tobacco use intercept at age 14 and the opioid use intercept at age 19 (beta = 0.82; P = 0.042). Specifically, more frequent use of cannabis or tobacco at age 14 was associated with more frequent use of opioids at age 19. Conclusions Cannabis and tobacco use in early adolescence may be risk factors for opioid use in young adulthood among African Americans living in urban areas.
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- 2020
3. Using Complier Average Causal Effect Estimation to Examine Student Outcomes of the PAX Good Behavior Game When Integrated with the PATHS Curriculum
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Juliette Berg, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Elise T. Pas, and Kathan Shukla
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Applied psychology ,Context (language use) ,Student engagement ,law.invention ,Health administration ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Good Behavior Game ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Students ,Curriculum ,Problem Behavior ,Schools ,Health Policy ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,050301 education ,Aggression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Causal inference ,Social competence ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Psychology ,0503 education ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
A growing body of research has documented a link between variation in implementation dosage and outcomes associated with preventive interventions. Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE; Jo in J Educ Behav Stat 27:385–409, 2002) analysis allows for estimating program impacts in light of variation in implementation. This study reports intent-to-treat (ITT) and CACE findings from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the impacts of the universal PAX Good Behavior Game (PAX GBG) integrated with Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (i.e., PATHS to PAX) and PAX GBG only compared to a control. This study used ratings by 318 K-5 teachers of 1526 at-risk children who, at baseline, were rated as displaying the top 33rd percentile of aggressive-disruptive behavior. Leveraging a prior study on these data (Berg et al. in Admin Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res 44:558–571, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-016-0738-1 , 2017), CACE was defined as the effect of intervention assignment for compliers, using two compliance cut points (50th and 75th percentile), on posttest ratings of student academic engagement, social competence, peer relations, emotion regulation, hyperactivity, and aggressive-disruptive behavior. The ITT analyses indicated improvements for students in the integrated condition on ratings of social competence compared to the control condition. The CACE analyses also indicated significant effects of the integrated intervention on social competence, as well as academic engagement and emotion regulation for students in high compliance classrooms. These findings illustrate the importance of considering variation in implementation within the context of RCTs.
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- 2020
4. Genetic propensity for risky behavior and depression and risk of lifetime suicide attempt among urban African Americans in adolescence and young adulthood
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Brion S. Maher, Daniel Cohen, Adrian I. Campos, Geoffrey Kahn, Jill A. Rabinowitz, Barry M. Wagner, Nicholas S. Ialongo, William W. Eaton, Holly C. Wilcox, George R. Uhl, Miguel E. Rentería, Kelly S. Benke, Darlene Kertes, Jin Jin, and Sally I.Chun Kuo
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African american ,Adult ,Male ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Suicide attempt ,Adolescent ,Depression ,Ethnic group ,Suicide, Attempted ,Article ,Black or African American ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Polygenic risk score ,Female ,Prevention trials ,Young adult ,Psychology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Genetic association ,Demography ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Suicide attempts (SA) among African Americans have increased at a greater rate than any other racial/ethnic group. Research in European ancestry populations has indicated that SA are genetically influenced; however, less is known about the genetic contributors that underpin SA among African Americans. We examined whether genetic propensity for depression and risky behaviors (assessed via polygenic risk scores; PRS) independently and jointly are associated with SA among urban, African Americans and whether sex differences exist in these relations. Participants (N = 1,157, 45.0% male) were originally recruited as part of two first grade universal school-based prevention trials. Participants reported in adolescence and young adulthood on whether they ever attempted suicide in their life. Depression and risky behaviors PRS were created based on large-scale genome-wide association studies conducted by Howard et al. (2019) and Karlson Linner et al. (2019), respectively. There was a significant interaction between the risky behavior PRS and depression PRS such that the combination of high risky behavior polygenic risk and low/moderate polygenic risk for depression was associated with greater risk for lifetime SA among the whole sample and African American males specifically. In addition, the risky behavior PRS was significantly positively associated with lifetime SA among African American males. These findings provide preliminary evidence regarding the importance of examining risky behavior and depression polygenic risk in relation to SA among African Americans, though replication of our findings in other African American samples is needed.
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- 2021
5. Social Influences on Drinking Trajectories From Adolescence to Young Adulthood in an Urban Minority Sample
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Beth A. Reboussin, Victoria Nelson, Pamela A. Matson, Brion S. Maher, Kerry M. Green, Jill A. Rabinowitz, Adam J. Milam, Debra Furr-Holden, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
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Male ,Parents ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,030508 substance abuse ,Poison control ,Underage Drinking ,Toxicology ,Suicide prevention ,Peer Group ,Occupational safety and health ,Developmental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,Injury prevention ,Epidemiological Studies ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Young adult ,Child ,Social Behavior ,Minority Groups ,Social influence ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Peer group ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Research on the heterogeneity in drinking patterns of urban minorities within a socioecological framework is rare. The purpose of this study was to explore multiple, distinct patterns of drinking from adolescence to young adulthood in a sample of urban minority youth and to examine the influence of neighborhood, family, and peers on these trajectories. METHOD: Data are from a longitudinal study of 584 (56% male) primarily Black (87%) youth who were first sampled in childhood based on their residence in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City and followed up annually through age 26. Data were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Modeling revealed six trajectories from ages 14 to 26: abstainer, experimenter, adult increasing, young adult increasing, adolescent limited, and adolescent increasing. Neighborhood disadvantage was a risk factor for drinking regardless of the timing of onset. Perceptions of availability, peer drinking, and parental approval for drinking were risk factors for underage drinking trajectories, whereas parental supervision was a significant protective factor. Positive social activities in neighborhoods was protective against increased drinking, whereas a decline in perceptions of peer drinking was associated with adolescent-limited drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings uniquely highlight the importance of developing interventions involving parents for urban minority youth for whom family is particularly relevant in deterring underage drinking. Perhaps most importantly, our data suggest that interventions that support positive social activities in disadvantaged neighborhoods are protective against adolescent drinking and altering perceptions of peer drinking may reduce adolescent drinking among low-income, urban minority youth.
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- 2019
6. Contributions of an Internalizing Symptoms Polygenic Risk Score and Contextual Factors to Alcohol-Related Disorders in African American Young Adults
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Kelly S. Benke, Rashelle J. Musci, Gail M. Rosenbaum, Brion S. Maher, Adam J. Milam, Danielle Y. Sisto, Nicholas S. Ialongo, George R. Uhl, Jill A. Rabinowitz, and Beth A. Reboussin
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Adult ,Male ,African american ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Alcohol-related disorders ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,business.industry ,Alcohol Studies ,Toxicology ,Black or African American ,Alcoholism ,Young Adult ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Polygenic risk score ,Young adult ,business ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol-related disorders (i.e., abuse and dependence) are significant problems that may result in numerous negative consequences. Although a number of studies have examined factors that predict alcohol abuse and dependence in European samples, only a few studies have examined whether genetic and environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of alcohol-related disorders among African Americans. The present study examined whether gene (internalizing symptoms polygenic risk score) by environment (parental monitoring, community disadvantage) interactions were associated with alcohol-related disorders in a sample of African American adults. METHOD: Participants (N = 640; 39.7% male) were initially recruited for an elementary school–based universal prevention trial in a mid-Atlantic city and followed into adulthood. Participants reported on their perceptions of parental monitoring in sixth grade. At 30 years of age, participants reported on their alcohol abuse and dependence, and DNA was obtained and genotyped using Affymetrix 6.0 microarrays. An internalizing symptoms polygenic risk score was created using discovery samples results from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that involved three large population-based studies. Community disadvantage was calculated based on census data when participants were in first grade. RESULTS: There was a significant interaction between the internalizing symptoms polygenic risk score and community disadvantage such that exposure to higher community disadvantage was associated with lower risk for alcohol-related disorders among participants with a higher internalizing symptoms polygenic risk score. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that higher genetic loading for internalizing symptoms may protect urban African Americans from alcohol-related disorders, particularly in more disadvantaged areas.
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- 2019
7. Negative Consequences Associated With Witnessing Severe Violent Events: The Role of Control-Related Beliefs
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Sharon F. Lambert, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Jill A. Rabinowitz, Rashelle J. Musci, and Amie F. Bettencourt
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Culture ,Suicide, Attempted ,Developmental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Violence Exposure ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Control (linguistics) ,media_common ,Exposure to Violence ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Suicide attempt ,Antisocial personality disorder ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Feeling ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Juvenile Delinquency ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Criminal justice - Abstract
Purpose Control-related beliefs are defined as beliefs in one's ability to cause an effect in one's environment. With recent increases in violence in some cities, understanding the impact of exposure to violence on these beliefs is important. The present study examined whether witnessing severe community violence during early adolescence was associated with trajectories of control-related beliefs, and whether these trajectories were associated with mental and behavioral health outcomes in early adulthood. Method Using data from a longitudinal preventive intervention study, we modeled trajectories of control-related beliefs using growth mixture modeling from 9th through 12th grade. The violence exposure of interest was witnessing severe community violence, defined as seeing someone being shot, stabbed, or killed. Early adulthood outcomes examined were post high school suicide attempt; having a criminal justice record; and having a diagnosis of substance use disorder, major depressive disorder, or antisocial personality disorder. Results The latent growth mixture model identified three trajectories of control-related beliefs: a low stable trajectory, a high increasing trajectory, and a moderate stable trajectory. Participants who were exposed to severe violent events were significantly more likely to be in the low trajectory. Further, those in the low trajectory were significantly more likely to experience several negative outcomes. Conclusion Results suggest that witnessing severe forms of community violence impacts control-related belief trajectories and that trajectories characterized by low feelings of control are associated with adverse outcomes in early adulthood.
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- 2018
8. The interplay between externalizing disorders polygenic risk scores and contextual factors on the development of marijuana use disorders
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Jill A. Rabinowitz, Brion S. Maher, George R. Uhl, Rashelle J. Musci, Kelly S. Benke, Adam J. Milam, Danielle Y. Sisto, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
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Conduct Disorder ,Male ,Marijuana Abuse ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Parental monitoring ,Adolescent ,Comorbidity ,Toxicology ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Marijuana use ,Externalizing disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Child ,Disadvantage ,Genetic association ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Conduct disorder ,Etiology ,Female ,Marijuana Use ,Polygenic risk score ,Disease Susceptibility ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Externalizing disorders have been extensively linked to substance use problems. However, less is known about whether genetic factors underpinning externalizing disorders and environmental features interact to predict substance use disorders (i.e., marijuana abuse and dependence) among urban, African-Americans. We examined whether polygenic risk scores for conduct disorder (CD PRS) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD PRS) interacted with contextual factors (i.e., parental monitoring, community disadvantage) to influence risk for marijuana use disorders in a sample of African-American youth. Participants (N=1,050; 44.2% male) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based universal prevention trial in a Mid-Atlantic city and followed through age 20. Participants reported on their parental monitoring in sixth grade and whether they were diagnosed with marijuana abuse or dependence at age 20. Blood or saliva samples were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 microarrays. The CD and ADHD PRS were created based on genome-wide association studies conducted by Dick et al. (2010) and Demontis et al. (2017), respectively. Community disadvantage was calculated based on census data when participants were in sixth grade. There was an interaction between the CD PRS and community disadvantage such that a higher CD PRS was associated with greater risk for a marijuana use disorder at higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage. This finding should be interpreted with caution owing to the number of significance tests performed. Implications for etiological models and future research directions are presented.
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- 2018
9. Alcohol trajectories and subsequent risk for opioid misuse in a cohort of urban adolescents
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Jill A. Rabinowitz, Johannes Thrul, Brion S. Maher, Beth A. Reboussin, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age groups ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Child ,Prescription Drug Misuse ,media_common ,Cannabis ,Opioid epidemic ,business.industry ,Addiction ,Public health ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Heroin ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry ,Opioid ,Cohort ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Cohort study ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background The opioid epidemic is a public health emergency in the US. Alcohol is the most widely used addictive substance among all age groups; however, the contribution of different alcohol use trajectories throughout adolescence and young adulthood to the development of opioid misuse in young adulthood among urban minority youth has not been investigated. Methods Data are from a study of 580 youth (85% African American, 67% low SES) residing in Baltimore City followed from ages 6–26. Alcohol trajectories were identified between ages 14 and 26 using group-based trajectory modeling. Opioid misuse was defined as using opioid painkillers without a prescription or using heroin between ages 19 and 26. Opioid misuse outcomes were also investigated separately. Logistic regression examined associations of alcohol trajectories with opioid misuse in young adulthood adjusting for socio-demographics, early use of tobacco and cannabis, neighborhood, and peer factors. Results Six alcohol use trajectories were identified: Young adult increasing (21.4%), adult increasing (19.1%), abstaining (19.1%), experimenting (15.3%), adolescent increasing (14.8%), and adolescent limited (10.2%). In models fully adjusted for covariates, relative to the abstaining trajectory, the adolescent increasing trajectory was associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse (aOR = 3.3, 95%CI = 1.4, 7.8) and prescription opioid misuse (aOR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.4, 10.8) in young adulthood. Conclusions Escalating alcohol use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse in young adulthood in a cohort of predominantly African American and socio-economically disadvantaged young people. Tailored interventions should target high levels of alcohol use during these developmental periods to reduce risk for opioid misuse among disadvantaged youth.
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- 2021
10. Polygenic and Environmental Influences on the Course of African Americans’ Alcohol Use from Early Adolescence through Young Adulthood
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Brion S. Maher, Beth A. Reboussin, George R. Uhl, Danielle Y. Sisto, Jill A. Rabinowitz, Adam J. Milam, Rashelle J. Musci, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and Kelly S. Benke
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Adult ,Parental monitoring ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Early adolescence ,030508 substance abuse ,Alcohol ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,Early adulthood ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Young adult ,Child ,Disadvantage ,05 social sciences ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,Disadvantaged ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry ,Polygenic risk score ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Demography ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
The study examined (a) whether alcohol use subgroups could be identified among African Americans assessed from adolescence through early adulthood, and (b) whether subgroup membership was associated with the interaction between internalizing symptoms and antisocial behavior polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and environmental characteristics (i.e., parental monitoring, community disadvantage). Participants (N = 436) were initially recruited for an elementary school-based prevention trial in a Mid-Atlantic city. Youths reported on the frequency of their past year alcohol use from ages 14–26. DNA was obtained from participants at age 21. Internalizing symptoms and antisocial behavior PRSs were created based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by Benke et al. (2014) and Tielbeek et al. (2017), respectively. Parental monitoring and community disadvantage were assessed at age 12. Four classes of past year alcohol use were identified: (a) early-onset, increasing; (b) late-onset, moderate use; (c) low steady; and (d) early-onset, decreasing. In high community disadvantaged settings, participants with a higher internalizing symptoms PRS were more likely to be in the early-onset, decreasing class than the low steady class. When exposed to elevated community disadvantage, participants with a higher antisocial behavior PRS were more likely to be in the early-onset, increasing class than the early-onset, decreasing and late-onset, moderate use classes.
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- 2020
11. Trajectories of cannabis use and risk for opioid misuse in a young adult urban cohort
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Jill A. Rabinowitz, Brion S. Maher, Kerry M. Green, Johannes Thrul, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and Beth A. Reboussin
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Marijuana Smoking ,Toxicology ,Logistic regression ,Peer Group ,Article ,Heroin ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Residence Characteristics ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Young adult ,Medical prescription ,Child ,Prescription Drug Misuse ,Cannabis ,Pharmacology ,Motivation ,biology ,business.industry ,Cannabis use ,biology.organism_classification ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,Black or African American ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Opioid ,Cohort ,Female ,Drug Overdose ,business ,Demography ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Although much of the attention surrounding the opioid epidemic has focused on rural and suburban Whites and prescription opioids, heroin overdoses among urban Blacks are on the rise. While some argue that legalization of cannabis will combat the epidemic, there are concerns it ignores the shift in the epidemic and could increase vulnerability to opioid misuse. The goal of this study is to examine the association between cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood with opioid misuse in a primarily urban Black cohort. Methods Data are from a study of 580 youth (87 % Black and 71 % low SES) residing in Baltimore City followed from ages 6−26. Cannabis trajectories were identified between ages 14–26 using group-based trajectory modeling. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the impact of trajectories on opioid misuse in young adulthood adjusting for individual, neighborhood and peer factors. Opioid misuse was defined as using heroin or narcotics or painkillers without a prescription between ages 19–26. Results Four cannabis trajectories were identified: Low/Non-Users (59.7 %), Adolescent Onset Limited (19.5 %), Young Adult Onset (10.8 %), and Adolescent Onset Chronic (10.0 %). Adolescent Onset Chronic cannabis users had the highest rate of opioid misuse (44.8 %) followed by Adolescent Onset Limited (18.8 %), Young Adult Onset (14.8 %) and Low/Non-Users (8.3 %). Prevalences were significantly higher for Adolescent Onset groups relative to Low/Non-Users even after adjustment for individual, neighborhood and peer factors. Conclusions Adolescent onset cannabis use is associated with opioid misuse in young adulthood among urban Blacks even after adjustment for socioecological factors associated with opioid misuse.
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- 2020
12. Violence exposure in an urban city: A GxE interaction with aggressive and impulsive behaviors
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Rashelle J. Musci, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Brion S. Maher, Danielle Y. Sisto, Amie F. Bettencourt, and Katherine E. Masyn
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Male ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Early adolescence ,Psychological intervention ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Violence Exposure ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Gene–environment interaction ,Genetic risk ,Association (psychology) ,Exposure to Violence ,Schools ,Aggression ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Conduct disorder ,Baltimore ,Impulsive Behavior ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between community violence exposure and disruptive behavior problems among youth. No study to date, however, has explored the potential interaction between violence exposure in early adolescence and genetics. METHODS: We explore the gene x environment interaction’s impact on teacher-rated aggressive and impulsive behaviors. Violence exposure during the middle school years was assessed using self-report. Genetic data collection occurred in emerging adulthood. A polygenic score was created using findings from a conduct disorder symptomatology genome wide association study (GWAS). RESULTS: Three longitudinal classes of teacher reported aggressive and impulsive behavior were identified. We found a significant relationship between violence exposure and class membership. There was a significant GxE interaction, such that those with below average levels of the polygenic score and who were exposed to violence were more likely to be in the moderately high aggressive and impulsive class as compared to the no to low class. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the influence of genetic risk together with violence exposure on adolescent problem behavior. Although youth may have little control over the environments in which they live, interventions can and should focus on helping all youth.
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- 2018
13. Evaluating the genetic susceptibility to peer reported bullying behaviors
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Nicholas S. Ialongo, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Amie F. Bettencourt, Danielle Y. Sisto, Brion S. Maher, Rashelle J. Musci, and George R. Uhl
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Conduct Disorder ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Adolescent ,Poison control ,Peer Group ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Injury prevention ,Genetic predisposition ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Longitudinal Studies ,Early childhood ,Child ,Crime Victims ,Biological Psychiatry ,Bullying ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Peer group ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Conduct disorder ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Psychology ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Bullying is a significant public health concern with lasting impacts on youth. Although environmental risk factors for bullying have been well-characterized, genetic influences on bullying are not well understood. This study explored the role of genetics on early childhood bullying behavior. Participants were 561 children who participated in a longitudinal randomized control trial of a preventive intervention beginning in first grade who were present for the first grade peer nominations used to measure early childhood bullying and who provided genetic data during the age 19–21 year follow-up in the form of blood or saliva. Measures included a polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from a conduct disorder genome wide association study. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles of bullying behaviors during early childhood. Results suggest that the PRS was significantly associated with class membership, with individuals in the moderate bully-victim profile having the highest levels of the PRS and those in the high bully-victim profile having the lowest levels. This line of research has important implications for understanding genetic vulnerability to bullying in early childhood.
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- 2018
14. Temperament Moderators of Prospective Associations Between Community Violence Exposure and Urban African American Adolescents’ Aggressive Behavior
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Sharon F. Lambert, Jody M. Ganiban, Rachel M. Tache, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
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Male ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,050109 social psychology ,Anxiety ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Adverse Childhood Experiences ,Residence Characteristics ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Prospective Studies ,Temperament ,media_common ,Exposure to Violence ,Psychopathology ,Aggression ,05 social sciences ,Human factors and ergonomics ,United States ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Research suggests that neighborhood risks are associated with internalizing symptoms for adolescents high on temperament characteristics related to the behavioral inhibition system (BIS). However, it is unclear whether newer conceptualizations of the BIS distinguishing fear from anxiety operate similarly. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the BIS attenuates community violence exposure effects on externalizing problems. The current study examined whether the BIS or the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) moderated associations between community violence exposure and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants were 367 urban African American adolescents who reported on temperament characteristics in grade 9, and community violence exposure and adjustment problems in grades 9 and 10. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that the FFFS, but not the BIS, moderated the association between community violence exposure and aggressive behavior. Grade 9 community violence exposure was positively associated with grade 10 aggression for adolescents low on FFFS, suggesting that the FFFS may partly differentiate community violence-exposed adolescents' aggressive behavior.
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- 2018
15. How do collective student behavior and other classroom contextual factors relate to teachers' implementation of an evidence-based intervention? A multilevel structural equation model
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Amie F. Bettencourt, Elise T. Pas, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Rashelle J. Musci, and Katherine E. Masyn
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Male ,Evidence-based practice ,education ,Emotions ,Psychological intervention ,Poison control ,Child Behavior ,Structural equation modeling ,Developmental psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Good Behavior Game ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Interpersonal Relations ,Emotional exhaustion ,Child ,Social Behavior ,Students ,Schools ,Aggression ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,School Teachers ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Deviance (sociology) ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Building on prior work regarding the potential for peer contagion or deviance training in group delivered interventions (Dishion & Dodge, 2005, 2006; Dodge, Dishion, & Lansford, 2006), we leveraged data from a randomized trial, testing the integration of two preventive interventions (Promoting Alternative THinking Strategies and PAX Good Behavior Game), to explore the extent to which classroom contextual factors served as either a barrier to or a motivator for teachers to implement the evidence-based PAX Good Behavior Game with high frequency or dosage. We included students’ baseline levels of behavior, measured with regard to both positive (i.e., engagement and social emotional skills) and negative (i.e., hyperactive and aggressive-disruptive) behaviors. Data were collected from 204 teachers in 18 urban elementary schools. A series of multilevel structural equation models were fit to the data. The analyses indicated that classrooms with higher classroom levels of aggressive behavior, on average, at baseline had teachers with lower implementation dosage (i.e., played fewer games) across the school year. In addition, teachers who reported higher baseline levels of emotional exhaustion, regardless of student behavior, also reported lower implementation dosage. Taken together, the results indicated that negative, but not positive, contextual factors at baseline were related to lower implementation dosage; this, in turn, suggests that negative contextual factors may serve as a barrier, rather than a motivator, of teachers’ implementation dosage of classroom-based preventive interventions.
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- 2019
16. Neighborhood Context and Transitions in Marijuana Use among Urban Young Adults
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Kerry M. Green, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Renee M. Johnson, Adam J. Milam, Beth A. Reboussin, and C. Debra M. Furr-Holden
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Male ,Marijuana Abuse ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Social Problems ,Urban Population ,Psychological intervention ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Context (language use) ,Marijuana Smoking ,Article ,Young Adult ,Marijuana use ,Residence Characteristics ,Humans ,Young adult ,Social Behavior ,Poverty ,Physical disorder ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Collective efficacy ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Marijuana Use ,Neighborhood context ,Psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Background In emerging adulthood when many youth are maturing out of marijuana use, Blacks continue to have high rates of use and disorder. Theory suggests that factors tied to neighborhood disadvantage may partially explain this phenomenon but research is limited. Objectives This study examines the influence of neighborhood physical and social disorder on transitions in marijuana use during emerging adulthood in a low-income urban sample. Methods 379 primarily Black young adults residing in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City were followed-up annually from ages 18 to 21. Neighborhood environment was evaluated using a valid and reliable field-rater assessment of the residential block. Longitudinal latent class and latent transition analyses were performed. Results Fit indices supported three-classes of marijuana use: no use, infrequent use and frequent use. Between ages 18 and 21, young adults tended to transition toward lower levels of use. However, neighborhood physical disorder was associated with transitioning to increased marijuana use (no use to frequent use; AOR = 2.712; p = .023) while positive neighborhood social activity was associated with a decreased risk (AOR = 0.002; p = .013). Neighborhood social activity was also associated with decreases in use (frequent to infrequent use; AOR = 2.342; p = .020). Conclusions/Importance: These findings demonstrate that physical disorder within the context of a low-income urban neighborhood adversely impacts marijuana use. However, even in the presence of physical disorder, interventions that foster collective efficacy among residents through positive social activity may prevent initiation and progression of marijuana use.
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- 2019
17. The Role of Depressive Symptoms in Substance Use Among African American Boys Exposed to Community Violence
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Sharon F. Lambert, Rachel M. Tache, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,Tobacco use ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adolescent substance ,Risk Factors ,Medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Depressive symptoms ,Crime Victims ,African american ,Exposure to Violence ,business.industry ,Extramural ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Community violence ,030227 psychiatry ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Increased risk ,Self Report ,Substance use ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Adolescents exposed to community violence (CV) are at increased risk for alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use. The disproportionate exposure to CV among African American boys heightens their susceptibility to substance use and related problems. Depressive symptoms are linked to both CV exposure and adolescent substance use; however, their role in the link between CV exposure and substance use in African American male adolescents has received little attention. The current study examined whether depressive symptoms mediate or moderate the associations between CV exposure and substance use among African American male adolescents. Participants were 225 African American adolescent boys in Baltimore, Maryland who completed measures of CV exposure and depressive symptoms in 10th grade and measures of substance use in 10th and 11th grades. Hierarchal linear regression analyses indicated that depressive symptoms moderated associations between violent victimization and alcohol and tobacco use, R2 = .21-.30, ps < .001. There was a positive association between CV victimization and alcohol and tobacco use among those who reported high levels of depressive symptoms but not low levels. Depressive symptoms also moderated the link between witnessing CV and alcohol use such that witnessing CV was negatively related to alcohol use among those who reported high levels of depressive symptoms only. The findings suggest that depressive symptoms may play an important role in differentiating alcohol and tobacco use outcomes in CV-exposed African American boys. Prevention efforts should assess for depressive symptoms to identify adolescent boys with the highest risk of substance use.
- Published
- 2018
18. Using Complier Average Causal Effect Estimation to Determine the Impacts of the Good Behavior Game Preventive Intervention on Teacher Implementers
- Author
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Booil Jo, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Catherine P. Bradshaw, and Juliette Berg
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Control (management) ,Applied psychology ,Primary education ,Burnout ,Thinking ,Good Behavior Game ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Program Development ,Burnout, Professional ,Work Performance ,Self-efficacy ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Health Policy ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,050301 education ,Causality ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Causal inference ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Occupational stress ,School Teachers ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Divergent thinking ,Social psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Complier average causal effect (CACE) analysis is a causal inference approach that accounts for levels of teacher implementation compliance. In the current study, CACE was used to examine one-year impacts of PAX good behavior game (PAX GBG) and promoting alternative thinking strategies (PATHS) on teacher efficacy and burnout. Teachers in 27 elementary schools were randomized to PAX GBG, an integration of PAX GBG and PATHS, or a control condition. There were positive overall effects on teachers' efficacy beliefs, but high implementing teachers also reported increases in burnout across the school year. The CACE approach may offer new information not captured using a traditional intent-to-treat approach.
- Published
- 2016
19. Promoting Teachers' Implementation of Classroom-Based Prevention Programming Through Coaching: The Mediating Role of the Coach-Teacher Relationship
- Author
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Elise T. Pas, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and Stacy R. Johnson
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,education ,Child Behavior ,Coaching ,Health informatics ,Article ,Health administration ,Self-Control ,Good Behavior Game ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,Child ,media_common ,Implementation Science ,Problem Behavior ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,050301 education ,Classroom based ,Mentoring ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Needs assessment ,Mediation ,Female ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,School Teachers ,business ,Psychology ,0503 education ,human activities ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
There is growing awareness of the importance of implementation fidelity and the supports, such as coaching, to optimize it. This study examined how coaching activities (i.e., check-ins, needs assessment, modeling, and technical assistance) related directly and indirectly to implementation dosage and quality of the PAX Good Behavior Game, via a mediating pathway through working relationship. Mediation analyses of 138 teachers revealed direct effects of modeling and working relationship on implementation dosage, whereas needs assessment was associated with greater dosage indirectly, by higher ratings of the working relationship. Understanding how coaching activities promote implementation fidelity elements has implications for improving program effectiveness.
- Published
- 2017
20. Trajectories of Suicidal Ideation from Sixth through Tenth Grades in Predicting Suicide Attempts in Young Adulthood in an Urban African American Cohort
- Author
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Rashelle J. Musci, Shelley R. Hart, Holly C. Wilcox, Alison Newcomer, Kathryn Van Eck, Elizabeth D. Ballard, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,Suicide Prevention ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Poison control ,Suicide, Attempted ,Suicide prevention ,Suicidal Ideation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,Suicidal ideation ,Suicide attempt ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Latent class model ,030227 psychiatry ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Baltimore ,Cohort ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Forecasting ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The trajectory of suicidal ideation across early adolescence may inform the timing of suicide prevention program implementation. This study aimed to identify developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation among an urban cohort of community-residing African Americans (AA) longitudinally followed from middle school through early adulthood (ages 11-19 years). Subtypes based on the developmental course of suicidal ideation from late childhood through mid-adolescence were identified using longitudinal latent class analysis (LLCA) with 581 AA adolescents (52.7% male; 71.1% free or reduced school meals). The developmental trajectories of suicidal ideation were then used to predict suicide attempts in young adulthood. Our LLCA indicated two subtypes (i.e., ideators and nonideators), with 8% of the sample in the ideator class. This trajectory class shows a peak of suicidal ideation in seventh grade and a steady decline in ideation in subsequent grades. Additionally, suicidal ideation trajectories significantly predicted suicide attempt. RESULTS of these analyses suggest the need for suicide prevention approaches prior to high school for AA youth. Language: en
- Published
- 2015
21. The role of neighborhood in urban black adolescent marijuana use
- Author
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Renee M. Johnson, Beth A. Reboussin, Adam J. Milam, Kerry M. Green, Debra Furr-Holden, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Injury control ,Poison control ,Marijuana Smoking ,Sample (statistics) ,Toxicology ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Marijuana use ,Residence Characteristics ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Longitudinal Studies ,Poverty ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Baltimore ,Female ,business - Abstract
The present study examined the influence of neighborhood factors on transitions in marijuana involvement during adolescence in a sample of primarily low-income, urban Black youth.556 Black adolescents were interviewed annually beginning in first grade as part of a longitudinal study. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine stages of marijuana involvement from 6th to 9th grades. The influence of neighborhood disorder, drug activity, violent crime, safety and disadvantage on transitions in marijuana involvement was tested using latent transition analysis (LTA).There was evidence for three stages of involvement: no involvement, offered, and use and problems. Involvement increased steadily during adolescence with a slightly greater risk to transition from offers to use between 6th and 7th grades. Neighborhood disorder (AOR=1.04, CI=1.00, 1.08), drug activity (AOR=1.12, CI=1.02, 1.22) and disadvantage (AOR=1.44, CI=1.10, 1.92) were associated with the transition from marijuana offers to use and problems. Neighborhood disorder (AOR=1.07, CI=1.02, 1.11), drug activity (AOR=1.19, CI=1.10, 1.29) and violent crime (AOR=1.17, CI=1.03, 1.32) were associated with transitioning rapidly from no involvement to use and problems.Understanding how neighborhoods could be organized and provided with supports to discourage marijuana use and promote non-drug using behaviors should be an important goal of any prevention program in low-income, urban Black neighborhoods. Enhancing citizen participation and mobilization to address the social processes of neighborhood disorder has the potential to reduce marijuana involvement in these neighborhoods.
- Published
- 2015
22. Brief report: Moving prevention into schools: The impact of a trauma‐informed school‐based intervention
- Author
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Lindsey M. O'Brennan, Philip J. Leaf, Nicholas S. Ialongo, S. Darius Tandon, and Tamar Mendelson
- Subjects
Mindfulness ,Social Psychology ,education ,Mental health ,Disadvantaged ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Academic competence ,Club ,Young adult ,School based intervention ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Mental health counselor - Abstract
Adolescents in disadvantaged communities have high rates of exposure to stress and trauma, which can negatively impact emotion regulation and executive functioning, increasing likelihood of school problems. This pilot study evaluated RAP Club, a 12-session school-based trauma-informed group intervention co-facilitated by a mental health counselor and young adult community member that utilizes evidence-based cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness strategies. Seventh and eighth graders at two urban public schools serving low-income communities were assigned to receive RAP Club (n = 29) or regular school programming (n = 20). RAP Club improved teacher-rated emotion regulation, social and academic competence, classroom behavior, and discipline. Higher program dose predicted improvements in several teacher-rated outcomes. Student self-report outcomes, however, did not vary by study group or dose. Even students with low baseline depression showed improvement in teacher-rated outcomes following program participation, supporting a model of universal program delivery to all students. Findings suggest RAP Club merits further study.
- Published
- 2015
23. The effects of the interplay of genetics and early environmental risk on the course of internalizing symptoms from late childhood through adolescence
- Author
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Nicholas S. Ialongo, Brion S. Maher, George R. Uhl, Rashelle J. Musci, Kelly S. Benke, and Katherine E. Masyn
- Subjects
Male ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Anxiety ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Early childhood ,Young adult ,Child ,Psychiatric genetics ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Genetics ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Depression ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,Stressor ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Phenotype ,Regression Analysis ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Internalizing symptoms during adolescence and beyond is a major public health concern, particularly because severe symptoms can lead to the diagnosis of a number of serious psychiatric conditions. This study utilizes a unique sample with a complex statistical method in order to explore Gene × Environment interactions found in internalizing symptoms during adolescence. Data for this study were drawn from a longitudinal prevention intervention study (n = 798) of Baltimore city school children. Internalizing symptom data were collected using self-report and blood or saliva samples genotyped using Affymetrix 6.0 microarrays. A major depression polygenic score was created for each individual using information from the major depressive disorder Psychiatric Genetics Consortium and used as a predictor in a latent trait–state–occasion model. The major depressive disorder polygenic score was a significant predictor of the stable latent trait variable, which captures time-independent phenotypic variability. In addition, an early childhood stressor of death or divorce was a significant predictor of occasion-specific variables. A Gene × Environment interaction was not a significant predictor of the latent trait or occasion variables. These findings support the importance of genetics on the stable latent trait portion of internalizing symptoms across adolescence.
- Published
- 2015
24. Polygenic Score × Intervention Moderation: An application of discrete-time survival analysis to modeling the timing of first tobacco use among urban youth
- Author
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Katherine E. Masyn, Nicholas S. Ialongo, George R. Uhl, Brion S. Maher, Rashelle J. Musci, and Sheppard G. Kellam
- Subjects
Male ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Urban Population ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Smoking Prevention ,Context (language use) ,Differential susceptibility hypothesis ,Child Behavior Disorders ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,Randomized controlled trial ,Behavior Therapy ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Longitudinal Studies ,Young adult ,Child ,Health Education ,Models, Genetic ,Smoking ,Age Factors ,Moderation ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Survival Analysis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Child, Preschool ,Smoking cessation ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,Health education ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The present study examines the interaction between a polygenic score and an elementary school-based universal preventive intervention trial. The polygenic score reflects the contribution of multiple genes and has been shown in prior research to be predictive of smoking cessation and tobacco use (Uhl et al., 2014). Using data from a longitudinal preventive intervention study, we examined age of first tobacco use from sixth grade to age 18. Genetic data were collected during emerging adulthood and were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 microarray. The polygenic score was computed using these data. Discrete-time survival analysis was employed to test for intervention main and interaction effects with the polygenic score. We found a main effect of the intervention, with the intervention participants reporting their first cigarette smoked at an age significantly later than controls. We also found an Intervention × Polygenic Score interaction, with participants at the higher end of the polygenic score benefitting the most from the intervention in terms of delayed age of first use. These results are consistent with Belsky and colleagues' (e.g., Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007; Belsky & Pleuss, 2009, 2013; Ellis, Boyce, Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2011) differential susceptibility hypothesis and the concept of “for better or worse,” wherein the expression of genetic variants are optimally realized in the context of an enriched environment, such as provided by a preventive intervention.
- Published
- 2015
25. Estimating the Economic Value of Information for Screening in Disseminating and Targeting Effective School-based Preventive Interventions: An Illustrative Example
- Author
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Nicholas S. Ialongo, Stephen S. Johnston, David S. Salkever, Elizabeth A. Stuart, and Eric P. Slade
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Health informatics ,Article ,Health administration ,Value of information ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Intervention (counseling) ,Economics ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Dissemination ,School Health Services ,Problem Behavior ,Actuarial science ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030227 psychiatry ,Aggression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Criminal Behavior ,Preventive intervention ,School based ,Female ,Cost benefit ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,business ,Models, Econometric ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
When candidates for school-based preventive interventions are heterogeneous in their risk of poor outcomes, an intervention’s expected economic net benefits (ENB) may be maximized by targeting candidates for whom the intervention is most likely to yield benefits, such as those at high risk of poor outcomes. Although increasing amounts of information about candidates may facilitate more accurate targeting, collecting information can be costly. We present an illustrative example to show how cost-benefit analysis results from effective intervention demonstrations can help us to assess whether improved targeting accuracy justifies the cost of collecting additional information needed to make this improvement.
- Published
- 2017
26. Transitions in Gambling Participation During Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood
- Author
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Bethany C. Bray, Grace P. Lee, Carla L. Storr, Silvia S. Martins, Weiwei Liu, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,Health behavior in adolescence ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Epidemiology ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Risk-Taking ,Intervention (counseling) ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Compulsive gambling ,Young adult ,Psychiatry ,Retrospective Studies ,Age Factors ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Markov Chains ,United States ,Substance abuse ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Adolescent Behavior ,Conduct disorder ,Gambling ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Psychology ,Cohort study - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine transitions in gambling participation from late adolescence into emerging adulthood and to identify factors (i.e., gender, race, intervention status, lunch status, conduct disorder, parental monitoring, neighborhood environment, and substance use) that might influence these transitions. Methods Markov modeling was used to describe the movement between past-year gambling states (i.e., nongambling and gambling) across 5 years. Annual data on the past-year gambling behavior and substance use were collected from 515 young men and women starting at the age of 17 years. Results Past-year gambling declined from 51% prevalence at the age of 17 years to 21% prevalence at the age of 22 years. Participants who reported no past-year gambling at a particular annual assessment had more than an 80% probability of also reporting no past-year gambling at the following assessment. Men were 1.07–2.82 times more likely than women to transition from past-year nongambling to gambling year to year, and women were 1.27–5.26 times more likely than men to transition from past-year gambling to nongambling year to year. In addition, gender and past-year tobacco use interacted such that men who used tobacco were most likely (and men who did not use tobacco least likely) to gamble at baseline. Conclusions Transition rates between gambling states appear to be relatively stable over time from late adolescence into emerging adulthood; however, men and those who engage in substance use may be at an increased risk of gambling participation.
- Published
- 2014
27. Age of first arrest varies by gambling status in a cohort of young adults
- Author
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Grace P. Lee, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Carla L. Storr, Julian Santaella, Silvia S. Martins, and Weiwei Liu
- Subjects
Proportional hazards model ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cohort ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Juvenile delinquency ,Compulsive gambling ,Young adult ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Demography - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the association between social and problem gambling and first criminal arrest by age 23 in a cohort of urban, mainly African-American youth. METHODS: Data for this study were derived from several annual interviews being completed on a community sample of 617 participants during late adolescence until age 23. Information on gambling status, engagement in deviant behaviors, illegal drug use, and arrest history were collected through yearly interviews. Analysis was carried out using Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard models and simple and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: More problem gamblers had been arrested before age 23 than social gamblers and non-gamblers, ie, 65% of problem gamblers were arrested before age 23, compared to 38% of social gamblers and 24% non-gamblers. Social gambling was only significantly associated with the hazard of first arrest by age 23 in the unadjusted model (HR: 1.6, p CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Problem gambling was significantly associated with earlier age of being arrested. Dilution effects after adjustment for several deviant behaviors and illegal drug use by age 17 suggest that youth exposure to certain common factors may result in engagement in multiple risky behaviors, including problem gambling. Studies are needed to investigate the developmental pathways that lead to these combined behaviors among youth. (Am J Addict 2014;XX:XX-XX). Language: en
- Published
- 2014
28. Parental monitoring trajectories and gambling among a longitudinal cohort of urban youth
- Author
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Grace P. Lee, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and Silvia S. Martins
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Peer group ,medicine.disease ,Odds ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Social support ,Structured interview ,medicine ,Juvenile delinquency ,Compulsive gambling ,Young adult ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
Aim To test the strength of the association between parental monitoring trajectories throughout early adolescence (ages 11–14) and gambling behaviours by young adulthood (age 22). Design Longitudinal cohort design. Setting Baltimore, Maryland. Participants The sample of 514 participants with gambling data between ages 16–22 and parental monitoring data between ages 11–14 were predominantly African American and received subsidized lunches at age 6. Measurements The South Oaks Gambling Screen and South Oaks Gambling Screen–Revised for Adolescents collected self-reports on annual gambling and gambling problems between ages 16–22. The Parental Monitoring Subscale of the Structured Interview of Parent Management Skills and Practices–Youth Version collected self-reports on annual parental monitoring between ages 11–14. Findings General growth mixture modelling identified two parental monitoring trajectories: (i) ‘stable’ class (84.9%) began with a high level of parental monitoring at age 11 that remained steady to age 14; (ii) ‘declining’ class (15.1%) began with a significantly lower level of parental monitoring at age 11 and experienced a significant to through age 14. The declining class had increased significantly unadjusted (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.59, 2.23; P ≤ 0.001) and adjusted (aOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.24, 1.99; P = 0.01) odds of problem gambling compared with non-gambling. Conclusion Low and/or declining parental monitoring of children between the ages of 11 and 14 is associated significantly with problem gambling when those children reach young adulthood.
- Published
- 2013
29. The Role of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism in the Link Between Perceived Racial Discrimination and African American Adolescents’ Depressive Symptoms
- Author
-
W. LaVome Robinson, Sharon F. Lambert, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychology, Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Self-concept ,Poison control ,medicine.disease_cause ,Suicide prevention ,Racism ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,media_common ,Depression ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Perfectionism (psychology) ,Self Concept ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Research examining the social origins of perfectionism has focused on negative evaluative experiences in the family, with less attention to negative social evaluations in other contexts and situations relevant for African American adolescents. The experience of racial discrimination is common for African American youth, and may trigger maladaptive perfectionistic beliefs if the youth perceive that they do not meet others' standards (socially prescribed perfectionism) or internalize discriminatory messages. Thus, the present study examined longitudinal associations among racial discrimination, socially prescribed perfectionism, and depressive symptoms among a community sample of urban and predominantly low income African American adolescents (n = 492; 46.7 % female). In each of grades 7, 8 and 9, participants reported their experiences with racial discrimination, perfectionistic beliefs, and depressive symptoms. Analyses revealed that experiences with racial discrimination in grade 7 were associated with socially prescribed perfectionism in grade 8 which, in turn, was linked with depressive symptoms in grade 9. Results suggest that prospective associations between the experience of racial discrimination and depressive symptoms are due, in part, to increased socially prescribed perfectionism. Implications for interventions targeting depression in African American are discussed.
- Published
- 2013
30. Off-Premise Alcohol Outlets and Substance Use in Young and Emerging Adults
- Author
-
Nicholas S. Ialongo, Paul T. Harrell, C. Debra M. Furr-Holden, Adam J. Milam, and Philip J. Leaf
- Subjects
Gerontology ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Health (social science) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Logistic regression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Walking distance ,surgical procedures, operative ,Marijuana use ,chemistry ,cardiovascular system ,cardiovascular diseases ,Alcohol outlet ,Young adult ,Substance use ,Psychology ,human activities ,Disadvantage ,Demography - Abstract
This investigation examined the association between alcohol outlets and substance use during young adulthood in Baltimore, MD. Geospatial methods were used to determine the number of outlets within walking distance of the participant's home and distance to nearest outlet. Logistic regression models found that distance to the nearest alcohol outlet was associated with past year marijuana use after adjusting for community disadvantage and sociodemographic characteristics (OR = 0.77, p = .03); specifically, as distance to the nearest outlet increased the likelihood of marijuana use decreased. Findings suggest that distance to the nearest alcohol outlet was a better predictor of marijuana use than the density of alcohol outlets.
- Published
- 2013
31. Does Adolescent Gambling Co-occur with Young Fatherhood?
- Author
-
Grace P. Lee, Carla L. Storr, Silvia S. Martins, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Adverse outcomes ,Proportional hazards model ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Late adolescence ,School dropout ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Inner city ,Cohort ,medicine ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Demography - Abstract
Background: Young fatherhood is associated with various adverse outcomes. This study aims to describe the relationship of adolescent gambling with young fatherhood (by age 20) while adjusting for several young fatherhood antecedents. Methods: Data were from 294 males who have been followed for 16 years since entering first grade in nine inner city public schools (86% African Americans, 81% of the original male cohort). Self‐reports of impregnation (including age) and gambling were collected during late adolescence. Nelson‐Aalen curves and Cox regression models assessed the hazard of young fatherhood among adolescent nongamblers, social gamblers, and problem gamblers. Results: More young fathers than nonfathers reported adolescent social (49.2% vs. 42.5%) and problem gambling (28.3% vs. 13.2%, p < .001). Problem gamblers were the most likely to impregnate someone by age 20, followed by social gamblers, then nongamblers. Problem gambling (aHR ¼ 3.16, 95% CI ¼ 1.75, 5.72, p < .001) had the highest increased hazards of young fatherhood, followed by social gambling (aHR ¼ 1.95, 95% CI ¼ 1.30, 2.94, p ¼ .001), high school dropout (aHR ¼ 1.75, 95% CI ¼ 1.14, 2.70, p ¼ .01), and subsidized lunch status (aHR ¼ 1.69, 95% CI ¼ 1.01, 2.38, p ¼ .04). Conclusion: Adolescent male gamblers, particularly problem gamblers, were more likely than their nongambling peers to become fathers by the age of 20. Such a result shows that there is a subpopulationofmaleswhoareathighriskforadverseoutcomessuch as young parenthood and problem behaviors. Only through further studies could the needs of this subpopulation be better assessed so that appropriate assistance could be delivered to better the lives of such individuals. (Am J Addict 2013;22:417–424) BACKGROUND
- Published
- 2013
32. Coaching Teachers to Improve Implementation of the Good Behavior Game
- Author
-
Nicholas S. Ialongo, Celene E. Domitrovich, Kimberly D. Becker, and Catherine P. Bradshaw
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Urban Population ,Teaching method ,Child Behavior ,Coaching ,Health informatics ,Health administration ,Young Adult ,School teachers ,ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS ,Pedagogy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Good Behavior Game ,Mathematics education ,Humans ,Implementation quality ,Child ,Schools ,business.industry ,Teaching ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Faculty ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Form of the Good ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
This study explored the association between coaching and the implementation of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) by 129 urban elementary school teachers. Analyses involving longitudinal data on coaching and teacher implementation quality indicated that coaches strategically varied their use of coaching strategies (e.g., modeling, delivery) based on teacher implementation quality and provided additional support to teachers with low implementation quality. Findings suggest that coaching was associated with improved implementation quality of the GBG. This work lays the foundation for future research examining ways to enhance coach decision-making about teacher implementation.
- Published
- 2013
33. Impulsivity trajectories and gambling in adolescence among urban male youth
- Author
-
Weiwei Liu, Grace P. Lee, Silvia S. Martins, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Hanno Petras, Asha Goldweber, and Carla L. Storr
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,medicine.disease ,Impulsivity ,Developmental psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine ,Impulse (psychology) ,Juvenile delinquency ,Anxiety ,Sensation seeking ,medicine.symptom ,Addictive behavior ,Psychology ,education ,media_common - Abstract
Youth problem gambling is widespread and associated with a broad range of high-risk behaviors such as delinquency and substance use [1], and thus is a public health concern. Research has focused on examining the developmental antecedents (such as impulsivity, depression, and anxiety) of gambling in late adolescence/early adulthood [2]. Impulsivity has received the most attention [3–6]. Many scholars have taken note on the multifaceted nature of impulsivity as well as the heterogeneity in its manifestation [7–10]. Despite the difficulty in defining a single trait of impulsivity, two elements must be present, i.e. an impulse or an urge to act and a lack of inhibition or restrain of that urge [11]. Thus, impulsivity is defined as a tendency towards making rush decisions without carefully considering potential negative consequences [12]). Despite evidence that impulsivity is not stable during adolescence [13–15], most studies evaluating the impulsivity-gambling association have only measured impulsivity at a single point-in-time and gambling either concurrently or at a later time-point. Longitudinal links between the development of impulsivity and late adolescent gambling have not been adequately explored. Most studies were based on samples of French Canadian, predominantly Caucasian adolescents [3,5], leaving low socio-economic status (SES), minority, urban youth understudied. Such oversight is problematic as this population is disproportionately more likely to exhibit both higher levels of impulsivity [16] and problem gambling (e.g. [17–22]). Characterized by an imbalance between a reasonably-developed reward and punishment processing system and an underdevelopment of impulse control [23], adolescents are vulnerable to risk-taking behaviors including problem gambling [24]. Such vulnerability, together with easy access of gambling opportunities, has resulted in most North American adolescents engaging in gambling activities [25]. The prevalence of gambling problems among adolescents (3–8%) is significantly higher than that among adults (1–3%; [25]). Several theories make the impulsivity-gambling association plausible. Jacobs' general theory of addictions [26] proposes that highly stimulating activities, such as gambling, are often pursued as means to relieve stress. Individuals with a greater propensity for risk taking and sensation seeking, both important components of impulsivity [27], tend to be more exposed to excessive chronic stress resulted from a hypo-aroused psychological state [28], and, in turn, are more likely to engage in addictive behavior such as gambling. Jessor and Jessor's problem behavior theory [29] posits problem behaviors, such as gambling, substance use, and criminal offending often co-occur in a problem behavior syndrome, and individuals' likelihood of engaging in such behaviors is strongly associated with their levels of impulsivity. Research examining the development of impulsivity during adolescence, shows a general downward trend (e.g. [13]) as well as interindividual heterogeneity in that trend [30,31]. To date, Betancourt et al. [30] is the only study that related developmental heterogeneity in impulsivity to gambling (although not as the main focus of the study): the authors found three longitudinal profiles in impulsivity among a sample of predominately middle-class Caucasian youth followed from age 10 to 15: low (6%), moderate (57%), and high (37%) trajectories. Youth in the high impulsivity trajectory were twice as likely to engage in gambling by age 15, compared to those in the moderate and low impulsivity groups. While Betancourt and colleagues' findings [30] are informative, impulsivity and gambling were measured during the same time periods, blurring the directionality of the association. The authors only studied any involvement in gambling without distinguishing problem gamblers from those who did not meet criteria for problem gambling. Not making such a distinction hinders the ability to study what distinguishes gambling problems from any gambling which is very relevant from an etiological as well as a prevention perspective. Based upon theories that make the impulsivity-gambling association plausible [26–29], the present study aims to explore the association between impulsivity development in early adolescence and gambling in late adolescence using growth modeling. First, we examine whether the starting point and change of impulsivity during early adolescence (ages 11– 15) are related to subsequent gambling among a sample of high-risk urban males. Second, we explore whether there are distinct patterns (i.e. population heterogeneity) of impulsivity development among the study sample. Third, we further investigate whether these distinct trajectories are differentially related to subsequent gambling. We explore whether different trajectories are associated with engaging in any gambling, meeting criteria for at-risk gambling or problem gambling, and meeting criteria for problem gambling in late adolescence.
- Published
- 2013
34. Early Predictors of Urban Adolescents’ Community Violence Exposure
- Author
-
Catherine P. Bradshaw, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Amie F. Bettencourt, and Sharon F. Lambert
- Subjects
business.industry ,Aggression ,education ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Moderation ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Suicide prevention ,Community violence ,Occupational safety and health ,Developmental psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
This study examined the extent to which individual, peer, and family factors predicted the onset of community violence exposure in middle and high school, as well as the indirect effects of early factors. We were particularly interested in the timing of exposure to community violence during adolescence, and thus conducted survival analyses on data from 632 urban youth, followed from first grade through high school. Early aggressive behavior and poor academic readiness were associated with an earlier onset of community violence exposure in adolescence. The effects of early aggression on community violence exposure and victimization were accounted for, in part, by peer rejection and deviant peer affiliation; there was no evidence of moderation by gender or parental monitoring. Findings highlight potential targets for preventive interventions with youth at risk of community violence exposure.
- Published
- 2013
35. Racial differences and the role of neighborhood in the sequencing of marijuana and tobacco initiation among urban youth
- Author
-
Adam J. Milam, Beth A. Reboussin, Kerry M. Green, Renee M. Johnson, Debra Furr-Holden, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,Tobacco use ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Marijuana Smoking ,Logistic regression ,White People ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Marijuana use ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,mental disorders ,Prevalence ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Age of Onset ,Child ,biology ,Smoking ,biology.organism_classification ,Drug access ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Drug activity ,Adolescent Behavior ,Baltimore ,Racial differences ,Female ,Cannabis ,Age of onset ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Demography - Abstract
Background: With patterns of initiation of tobacco and marijuana changing, there is increasing evidence that marijuana use may serve as an antecedent to tobacco use among adolescents. However, studies have not fully characterized the prevalence of these patterns among vulnerable youth and have rarely examined the factors that predict the sequencing of onset of tobacco and marijuana use. Methods: Utilizing longitudinal data from a sample of urban youth followed from age 6 to age 18, the authors identify the sequencing of initiation of tobacco and marijuana and test whether race and 5 neighborhood factors (i.e., perceived disorder, drug activity, drug access, exposure to violence, and exposure to violent victimization) predict onset sequencing. Results: Various sequencing patterns were observed, with 12.4% of the sample initiating marijuana use before tobacco use was initiated. In adjusted logistic regression models, black youth were 2.66 times as likely as whites to initiate marijuana before tobacco compared with initiating tobacco before marijuana ( P = .032). Youth with greater exposure to violent victimization were 3.89 times as likely to initiate marijuana first than initiate tobacco first ( P = .002). Other neighborhood factors were not statistically significantly associated with sequencing. Conclusions: Black youth and youth with greater exposure to victimization had an increased risk of initiating marijuana before tobacco, which suggests that this pattern may be rooted in specific risk factors. Substance use prevention efforts should consider taking into account that marijuana use may put certain youth at risk of initiating tobacco. Future research needs to monitor sequencing, as well as risk factors for and consequences of the various patterns, particularly since marijuana use and the mixing of tobacco and marijuana use are gaining acceptability in general populations.
- Published
- 2016
36. Association between Adverse Life Events and Addictive Behaviors among Male and Female Adolescents
- Author
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Grace P. Lee, Silvia S. Martins, Carla L. Storr, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,medicine.disease ,Suicide prevention ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Injury prevention ,Cohort ,medicine ,Addictive behavior ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Cohort study ,media_common ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: Adverse life events have been associated with gambling and substance use as they can serve as forms of escapism. Involvement in gambling and substance use can also place individuals in adversely stressful situations. Objectives: To explore potential male-female differences in the association between addictive behavior and adverse life events among an urban cohort of adolescents. Method: The study sample comprised of 515 adolescent participants in a randomized prevention trial. With self-reported data, four addictive behavior groups were created: nonsubstance users and nongamblers, substance users only, gamblers only, and substance users and gamblers. Multinomial logistic regression analyses with interaction terms of sex and adverse life events were conducted. Results: Adverse life events and engaging in at least one addictive behavior were common for both sexes. Substance users and gamblers had more than twice the likelihood of nonsubstance users and nongamblers to experience any event as well as events of various domains (ie, relationship, violence, and instability). Neither relationship nor instability events' associations with the co-occurrence of substance use and gambling significantly differed between sexes. Conversely, females exposed to violence events were significantly more likely than similarly exposed males to report the co-occurrence of substance use and gambling. Conclusion: Findings from the current study prompt future studies to devote more attention to the development of effective programs that teach adaptive coping strategies to adolescents, particularly to females upon exposure to violence. (Am J Addict 2012;21:516-523). Language: en
- Published
- 2012
37. Using the Classroom Check-Up model to support implementation of PATHS to PAX
- Author
-
Dana Darney, Wendy M. Reinke, Celene E. Domitrovich, Keith C. Herman, Kimberly D. Becker, Jennifer Pitchford, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Classroom management ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Process management ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Poison control ,Fidelity ,Pediatrics ,Coaching ,Test (assessment) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Intervention (counseling) ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,Intervention implementation ,business ,media_common - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of adapting the Classroom Check-Up (CCU) coaching model to bolster teacher implementation of a universal evidence-based social–emotional and classroom management intervention, PATHS to PAX. This paper includes a description of the intervention and a rationale for supporting implementation with the CCU coaching model. Findings from a feasibility test and initial pilot study are provided. Implications for school-based intervention implementation are also discussed.
- Published
- 2012
38. Integrating the Family Check-Up and the parent Coping Power program
- Author
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Catherine P. Bradshaw, Wendy M. Reinke, Nicole P. Powell, Caroline L. Boxmeyer, Courtney Vaughn, Kelly Dunn, Keith C. Herman, Sharon H. Stephan, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Jennifer Cox, and John E. Lochman
- Subjects
Coping (psychology) ,Applied psychology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Pediatrics ,Suicide prevention ,Mental health ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Aggressive behaviours ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Nursing ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychology - Abstract
Engaging families in school-based preventive interventions for aggressive youth can be especially challenging. The current article describes an integration of a parent engagement model, called the Family Check-Up, with an evidence-based intervention for youth with aggressive behaviours called Coping Power. The overall goal of the integration was to increase parental involvement and exposure to the core elements of the Coping Power programme to optimize impact on families and their children. We describe both models, summarize evidence of their efficacy when implemented alone, and provide a rationale for their integration. We also provide case examples to illustrate the implementation of the integrated programme in schools as well as feasibility data to support its continued study and implementation.
- Published
- 2012
39. Relationship proximity to victims of witnessed community violence: Associations with adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors
- Author
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Rhonda C. Boyd, Nicole L. Cammack, Sharon F. Lambert, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,Surgeon general ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Poison control ,Anxiety ,Violence ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Life Change Events ,Social support ,Interpersonal relationship ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Residence Characteristics ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Crime Victims ,Internal-External Control ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Sex Characteristics ,Depression ,Aggression ,Public health ,Social Support ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The high numbers of youth witnessing community violence, and the adverse emotional, behavioral, and physical health problems that may result, are significant public health concerns for adolescents between the ages of 15 and 24 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006; U.S. Surgeon General, 2001). Rates of witnessing community violence far exceed the rates of victimization (Kennedy, 2008; Lambert, Ialongo, Boyd, & Cooley, 2005; Sheidow, Gorman-Smith, Tolan, & Henry, 2001; Weist, Acosta, & Youngstrom, 2001), and research has found that, on average, between 76% and 98% of adolescents have witnessed community violence at least once during their lifetime (Campbell & Schwarz, 1996; Gorman-Smith, Henry, & Tolan, 2004; Rosenthal, 2000). Of concern, a recent meta-analysis showed similar negative effects for youth witnessing and being victimized by community violence (Fowler, Tompsett, Braciszewski, Jacques-Tiura, & Baltes, 2009), highlighting the importance of examining under what conditions youth’s witnessing community violence results in emotional and behavioral difficulties. Youth’s relationship to the victim of community violence may determine, in part, how they respond to witnessing community violence. Thus, the present study examines whether relationship proximity to the victim of witnessed community violence is important for understanding whether adolescents who have witnessed community violence experience internalizing and externalizing problems.
- Published
- 2012
40. The effect of two elementary school-based prevention interventions on being offered tobacco and the transition to smoking
- Author
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Shijun Zhu, Hanno Petras, Yan Wang, Kerry M. Green, Carla L. Storr, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Sheppard G. Kellam, Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman, Katherine H. Clemans, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Smoke ,Entire population ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aggression ,business.industry ,Psychological intervention ,Alternative medicine ,Toxicology ,Article ,law.invention ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Environmental health ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,School based ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Aims This study sought to more precisely delineate the mechanisms by which two early elementary school-based, universal (i.e., applied to the entire population regardless of risk status) preventive interventions increased survival to first tobacco cigarette smoked. Specifically, we examined whether the interventions’ effect on survival to first use was via the reduction of offers to smoke and/or through preventing the transition from first offer to smoking. Methods A total of 678 urban first-graders were assigned randomly to the classroom-centered (CC), or the family–school partnership (FSP), or a control classroom condition. Youth were followed annually until 1 year beyond their anticipated high school graduation (mean age ∼18 years). Discrete-time survival analyses on 628 youth evaluated the impact of the CC and FSP interventions on first tobacco offer and initial tobacco smoking once offered. Findings The risk of being offered tobacco was reduced among both CC and FSP intervention groups relative to the control group, although the reduction was only statistically significant for the CC intervention. Neither intervention condition reduced the transition to smoking once offered tobacco to smoke. Conclusion The CC intervention appeared to have its effect on survival to first cigarette smoked by delaying the first offer to smoke. Preventive interventions focused on refusal skills during the middle school years may be necessary to reduce the likelihood of the transition to smoking once offered.
- Published
- 2012
41. Outcomes Associated with Adolescent Marijuana and Alcohol Use Among Urban Young Adults: A Prospective Study
- Author
-
Pamela A. Matson, Rashelle J. Musci, Kerry M. Green, Beth A. Reboussin, Renee M. Johnson, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Marijuana Abuse ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Urban Population ,030508 substance abuse ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Alcohol ,Marijuana Smoking ,Toxicology ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adolescent substance ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Young adult ,Prospective cohort study ,Psychiatry ,biology ,Substance dependence ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,chemistry ,Adolescent Behavior ,Cohort ,Baltimore ,Female ,Cannabis ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Alcohol-Related Disorders ,Demography - Abstract
Objective This study identifies and compares outcomes in young adulthood associated with longitudinal patterns of alcohol and marijuana use during adolescence among urban youth. Method Data come from a cohort of 678 urban, predominantly Black children followed from ages 6–25 (1993–2012). Analyses are based on the 608 children who participated over time (53.6% male). Longitudinal patterning of alcohol and marijuana use were based on annual frequency reports from grades 8–12 and estimated through latent profile analysis. Results We identified four classes of alcohol and marijuana use including Non-Use (47%), Moderate Alcohol Use (28%), Moderate Alcohol/Increasing Marijuana Use (12%) and High Dual Use (13%). A marijuana only class was not identified. Analyses show negative outcomes in adulthood associated with all three adolescent substance use classes. Compared to the non-use class, all use classes had statistically significantly higher rates of substance dependence. Those in the ‘High Dual Use’ class had the lowest rate of high school graduation. Comparing classes with similar alcohol but different marijuana patterns, the ‘Moderate Alcohol/Increasing Marijuana Use’ class had a statistically significant increased risk of having a criminal justice record and developing substance use dependence in adulthood. Conclusion Among urban youth, heterogeneous patterns of alcohol and marijuana use across adolescence are evident, and these patterns are associated with distinct outcomes in adulthood. These findings suggest a need for targeted education and intervention efforts to address the needs of youth using both marijuana and alcohol, as well as the importance of universal early preventive intervention efforts.
- Published
- 2015
42. Identifying Patterns of Early Risk for Mental Health and Academic Problems in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of Urban Youth
- Author
-
Nicholas S. Ialongo, Carmen R. Valdez, and Sharon F. Lambert
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,education ,Poison control ,Academic achievement ,Social Environment ,Suicide prevention ,Peer Group ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Risk Factors ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Interpersonal Relations ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Depression ,Mental Disorders ,Social environment ,Peer group ,Mental health ,Aggression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mental Health ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Educational Status ,Female ,Psychology ,Social Adjustment ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
This investigation examined profiles of individual, academic, and social risks in elementary school, and their association with mental health and academic difficulties in adolescence. Latent profile analyses of data from 574 urban youth revealed three risk classes. Children with the “well-adjusted” class had assets in the academic and social domains, low aggressive behavior, and low depressive symptoms in elementary school, and low rates of academic and mental health problems in adolescence. Children in the “behavior-academic-peer risk” class, characterized by high aggressive behavior, low academic achievement, and low peer acceptance, had conduct problems, academic difficulties, and increased mental health service use in adolescence. Children with the “academic-peer risk” class also had academic and peer problems but they were less aggressive and had higher depressive symptoms than the “behavior-academic-peer risk” class in the first grade; the “academic-peer risk” class had depression, conduct problems, academic difficulties, and increased mental health service use during adolescence. No differences were found between the risk classes with respect to adolescent outcomes.
- Published
- 2011
43. Compounded Effect of Early Adolescence Depressive Symptoms and Impulsivity on Late Adolescence Gambling: A Longitudinal Study
- Author
-
Nicholas S. Ialongo, Grace P. Lee, Carla L. Storr, and Silvia S. Martins
- Subjects
Male ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Comorbidity ,Impulsivity ,Logistic regression ,Risk Assessment ,Article ,Education ,Time ,law.invention ,Odds ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Baltimore ,Gambling ,Impulsive Behavior ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Abstract
Depression and impulsivity have been positively correlated to problem gambling, but no study has focused on their combined effects on the onset of problem gambling. This study examined the possible synergistic effect of depressive symptoms and impulsivity in early adolescence on late adolescence gambling behaviors among a longitudinal cohort of 678 students from Baltimore, Maryland.The South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents, Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation-Revised, and Baltimore How I Feel-Adolescent Version, were used to assess late adolescence gambling behaviors, early adolescence impulsivity, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Data analyses were conducted using analysis of variance and binary logistic regression models.Problem gamblers (PGs) were 12% of the sample (includes at-risk and PGs), 87.5% of whom were males and 12.5% were females (p.001). Among males, there appeared to be a slight association between early adolescence depressive symptoms and late adolescence problem gambling. Compared with nongamblers and social gamblers, depressive symptoms increased the odds of problem gambling by four-fold (PGs vs. nongamblers: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = .73-22.47, p = .11; PGs vs. social gamblers: OR = 3.9, 95% CI = .78-19.31, p = .10). Among those with high depressive symptoms, increases in impulsivity decreased the odds of problem gambling while among those with high impulsivity, increases in depressive symptoms decreased the odds of problem gambling.Early adolescence depressive symptoms appear to be more positively associated with late adolescence problem gambling than early adolescence impulsivity, there seems to be a divisive interaction between depressive symptoms and impulsivity on problem gambling.
- Published
- 2011
44. Longitudinal Associations Between Community Violence Exposure and Suicidality
- Author
-
Sharon F. Lambert, Nikeea Copeland-Linder, and Nicholas S. Ialongo
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Ethnic group ,Poison control ,Suicide, Attempted ,Violence ,Social Environment ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Occupational safety and health ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,Injury prevention ,Suicide ideation ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Psychiatry ,Poverty ,Crime Victims ,Depression ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Community violence ,Aggression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,Psychology ,Self-Injurious Behavior - Abstract
To examine longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicide ideation and attempt, and whether depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior are intervening variables in this association.Participants were 473 urban and predominantly African American adolescents who completed measures of community violence exposure, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation and attempt in grades 6, 7, and 8; teachers reported about adolescents' aggressive behaviors in grades 6, 7, and 8. Path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect associations between community violence exposure in grade 6 and suicide ideation and attempt in grade 8. Depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior were examined as part of an indirect path from grade 6 community violence exposure to later suicide ideation and attempt.Results revealed an indirect association between community violence exposure and later suicide ideation for males and females; community violence exposure in grade 6 was associated with depressive symptoms in grade 7, which in turn, were positively associated with suicide ideation in grade 8. For males, community violence exposure in grade 6 was associated with increases in aggressive behavior in grade 7, which in turn, were associated with suicide attempts in grade 8.
- Published
- 2008
45. Low academic competence in first grade as a risk factor for depressive cognitions and symptoms in middle school
- Author
-
Wendy M. Reinke, Keith C. Herman, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and Sharon F. Lambert
- Subjects
Social Psychology ,Psychological intervention ,Social environment ,General Medicine ,Academic achievement ,Mental health ,Article ,Structural equation modeling ,Counseling psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Path analysis (statistics) ,Psychology ,Competence (human resources) - Abstract
The present study investigated the role of low academic competence in the emergence of depressive cognitions and symptoms. Structural equation modeling was conducted on a longitudinal sample of African American boys (n = 253) and girls (n = 221). Results supported the hypothesized path models from academic competence in 1st grade to depressive symptoms in 7th grade, controlling for a host of correlated constructs (conduct problems, inattention, social problems). Perceived control in 6th grade mediated the effect of academic competence on depressive symptoms. Although the models fit the data well for both boys and girls, the path coefficients were notably larger for girls; in particular, multiple-group analysis revealed a statistically stronger effect of low academic competence on perceptions of control for girls. The study and findings fit well with counseling psychologists’ commitment to prevention activities and to culture-specific research. Implications for designing interventions and prevention strategies for children with early academic problems are discussed.
- Published
- 2008
46. Impact of the Good Behavior Game, a universal classroom-based behavior intervention, on young adult service use for problems with emotions, behavior, or drugs or alcohol
- Author
-
Jeanne M. Poduska, Weixu Wang, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Sheppard G. Kellam, Peter Toyinbo, and C. Hendricks Brown
- Subjects
Adult ,Conduct Disorder ,Male ,Mental Health Services ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Substance-Related Disorders ,education ,Poison control ,Academic achievement ,Toxicology ,Suicide prevention ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Cohort Studies ,Sex Factors ,Behavior Therapy ,Intervention (counseling) ,Good Behavior Game ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Behavior management ,Affective Symptoms ,Child ,Pharmacology ,Schools ,Socialization ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Achievement ,Aggression ,Alcoholism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ,Baltimore ,Utilization Review ,Female ,Psychology ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background The Good Behavior Game (GBG) is a classroom behavior management strategy focused on socializing children to the role of student and aimed at reducing early aggressive, disruptive behavior, a confirmed antecedent to service use. The GBG was tested in a randomized field trial in 19 elementary schools with two cohorts of children as they attended first and second grades. This article reports on the impact of the GBG on service use through young adulthood. Methods Three or four schools in each of five urban areas were matched and randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) GBG, (2) an intervention aimed at academic achievement, or (3) the standard program of the school system. Children were assigned to classrooms to ensure balance, and teachers and classrooms were randomly assigned to intervention conditions. Results This study provides evidence of a positive impact of a universal preventive intervention on later service use by males, although not by females, for problems with emotions, behavior, or drugs or alcohol. For both cohorts, males in GBG classrooms who had been rated as highly aggressive, disruptive by their teachers in the fall of first grade had a lower rate of school-based service use than their counterparts in control classrooms. Replication The design employed two cohorts of students. Although both first- and second-grade teachers received less training and support with the second cohorts of students than with the first cohort, the impact of GBG was similar across both cohorts.
- Published
- 2008
47. Enhancing the Net Benefits of Disseminating Efficacious Prevention Programs: A Note on Target Efficiency with Illustrative Examples
- Author
-
Stephen S. Johnston, Eric P. Slade, David S. Salkever, Mustafa C. Karakus, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and Elizabeth A. Stuart
- Subjects
Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Information Dissemination ,Models, Psychological ,Health informatics ,Article ,law.invention ,Health administration ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Preventive Health Services ,Humans ,Medicine ,Dissemination ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Cost–benefit analysis ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Welfare economics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,Economic evaluation ,The Internet ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,business - Abstract
We consider the implementation, in a non-research setting, of a new prevention program that has previously been evaluated in a randomized trial. When the target population for the implementation is heterogeneous, the overall net benefits of the implementation may differ substantially from those reported in the economic evaluation of the randomized trial, and from those that would be realized if the program were implemented within a selected subgroup of the target population. This note illustrates a simple and practical approach to targeting that can combine risk-factor results from the literature with the overall cost-benefit results from the program’s randomized trial to maximize the expected net benefit of implementing the program in a heterogeneous population.
- Published
- 2008
48. Maximizing the Implementation Quality of Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions in Schools: A Conceptual Framework
- Author
-
Jacquelyn A. Buckley, Celene E. Domitrovich, Lisa Hunter Romanelli, Mark T. Greenberg, Kimberly Hoagwood, Nicholas S. Ialongo, Philip J. Leaf, Catherine P. Bradshaw, Jeanne M. Poduska, and S. Serene Olin
- Subjects
Process management ,Evidence-based practice ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Psychological intervention ,Pediatrics ,Mental health ,Article ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Intervention (law) ,Conceptual framework ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Preventive intervention ,Implementation quality ,National Policy ,Psychology - Abstract
Increased availability of research-supported, school-based prevention programs, coupled with the growing national policy emphasis on use of evidence-based practices, has contributed to a shift in research priorities from efficacy to implementation and dissemination. A critical issue in moving research to practice is ensuring high-quality implementation of both the intervention model and the support system for sustaining it. The paper describes a three-level framework for considering the implementation quality of school-based interventions. Future directions for research on implementation are discussed.
- Published
- 2008
49. Marijuana use patterns among African-American middle-school students: A longitudinal latent class regression analysis
- Author
-
Nicholas S. Ialongo, Beth A. Reboussin, and Scott Hubbard
- Subjects
Male ,Marijuana Abuse ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Cross-sectional study ,education ,Black People ,Psychosocial Deprivation ,Poison control ,Comorbidity ,Hashish ,Social Environment ,Toxicology ,Peer Group ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Social Facilitation ,mental disorders ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Students ,Pharmacology ,Parenting ,Social Identification ,biology ,Age Factors ,Peer group ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,Latent class model ,Aggression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ,Conduct disorder ,Baltimore ,Female ,Cannabis ,Psychology ,Demography ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The aim of this paper was to describe patterns of marijuana involvement during the middle-school years from the first chance to try marijuana down through the early stages of experiencing health and social problems from marijuana use in a sample of African-American adolescents. A total of 488 urban-dwelling African-American middle-school students were interviewed in sixth, seventh and eighth grades as part of a longitudinal field study. Longitudinal latent class models were used to identify subgroups (classes) of adolescents with similar patterns of marijuana involvement. Three classes were identified; little or no involvement (prevalence 85%, 71%, 55% in sixth, seventh and eighth grade, respectively), marijuana exposure opportunity (12%, 19% and 26%), and marijuana use and problems (2%, 9% and 19%). High levels of aggressive/disruptive behavior exhibited as early as first grade and moderate to high levels of deviant peer affiliation were associated with an increased risk of marijuana exposure opportunities in middle-school. Moderate to high levels of aggressive/disruptive behavior and deviant peer affiliation, moderate to low levels of parent monitoring and high levels of perceived neighborhood disadvantage were associated with an increased risk of marijuana use and problems. Significant interactions with grade provided evidence that the influences of parent monitoring and neighborhood disadvantage decrease through the middle-school years. Although not statistically significant, the magnitude of the effects of deviant peer affiliation on marijuana use and problems increased two-fold from sixth to eighth grade. These findings highlight the importance of marijuana exposure opportunities in the pathway to marijuana use and problems and the potential to intervene on behaviors exhibited as early as first grade. It also underscores the importance of developing interventions that are sensitive to the strong influence of parents at entry into middle-school and the shift to peer influences by the end of middle-school.
- Published
- 2007
50. Testing gene × environment moderation of tobacco and marijuana use trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood
- Author
-
Rashelle J. Musci, Brion S. Maher, Nicholas S. Ialongo, and George R. Uhl
- Subjects
Male ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Marijuana Smoking ,Social Environment ,Developmental psychology ,Cohort Studies ,Tobacco Use ,Young Adult ,Marijuana use ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Gene–environment interaction ,Young adult ,Child ,Social environment ,Moderation ,Latent class model ,Black or African American ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Adolescent Behavior ,Cohort ,Baltimore ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,Psychology - Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the main and interaction effects of known social risk factors for substance use (inadequate parental monitoring and substance using friends) in adolescence and a polygenic score in predicting marijuana and tobacco use in adolescence and young adulthood. METHOD Phenotypic and genetic data were derived from a longitudinal study of a cohort of urban, predominately African American youth. Last year substance-use measures were collected annually from 8th grade through age 22. Participant self-reports of substance-using friends and parent monitoring were obtained yearly from Grades 8 to 12. Using longitudinal latent class analysis, the authors identified parallel developmental trajectories of tobacco and marijuana use and parent monitoring and the proportion of substance-using friends. RESULTS Two trajectories were identified for tobacco and marijuana use, characterized by moderate versus little-to-no use. Additionally, 2 latent profiles were found for the social environment profiles: those characterized by higher parent monitoring and a lower proportion of substance-using friends versus lower parent monitoring and a higher proportion of substance-using friends. CONCLUSIONS We found main and interaction effects for the polygenic score and social environment profile in predicting the longitudinal classes of marijuana and tobacco use. With respect to the interaction effect, membership in the moderate-use classes of marijuana and tobacco use was highest among those in the social environment profile characterized by lower parent monitoring and a higher proportion of substance-using friends.
- Published
- 2015
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