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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze studies that associate Positive Psychology and its constructs with disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances. Method: An integrative review on the subject was conducted. Of the 64 results found, 13 articles were selected for description and analysis. Results: Although expanding, a low scientific production on the subject was identified. There were only seven studies focused on the relationship between Positive Psychology and the use of psychoactive substances, and only two were experimental. The concentration of publications in the USA and the lack of Brazilian studies were also evident. The most discussed constructs of Positive Psychology are happiness and spirituality, which are associated with a reduced use of psychoactive substances. Conclusions: This field of study has demonstrated potential for the prevention and treatment of these disorders, suggesting an increase in scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Runas. Journal of Education & Culture is the property of CICSHAL - Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades desde America Latina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diversitas (17949998) is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas, Facultad de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In preliminary studies, we observed a high prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances (PS) among Anatomy students, with a greater impact among recurrent students or those with work activities. The cause of use is multifactorial, but risk and precipitating factors stand out, such as the workload of the curriculum, study demands, distress due to negative cadaveric coping, the new educational context and the number of hours of sleep. The objective was to compare the prevalence of SP use between the 2011-2019 cohorts, with a focus on behavioral determinants. Observational, cross-sectional and comparative study using a standardized and anonymous survey in 945 students (year 2011= 122; year 2013= 158; year 2015=204; year 2017= 228; year 2019= 233). Statistical parameters were applied, significance was defined as p<0.05 and the ethical-legal requirements for research were met. We observed a significant increase in reported SP consumption in order to increase study hours, highlighting the use of coffee, energizers, psychotropic drugs (modafinil) and acetylsalicylic acid. We found that the number of working hours was proportional to the amount of substances used; and in the recurring group, the correlation with the use of psychoactive drugs was presented (modafinil: r> -0.84; AA: r> -0.71). In the case of benzodiazepine anxiolytics, it was associated with lack of sleep and distress due to negative coping with the study with cadavers. In the cohorts compared for a period of 9 years, we found a high prevalence of psychoactive substance use with an increasing trend. The variables work activity and recurrence were determinants for the use of substances, and issues related to university adaptability and negative study coping with the corpse were associated; all with pedagogical impact on the teaching and learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The consumption of psychoactive substances is one of the public health problems that needs to be addressed and tackled by health personnel in order to reduce the incidence of consumption and the problems of morbidity and mortality, therefore the objective of the present study is to identify if there are differences in the cognitive performance of attention and memory in a group of young Colombian adult consumers and non-consumers of psychoactive substances through a simple prospective ex post facto prospective design; 60 participants divided into two groups between 18 and 30 years of age were evaluated using the Neuropsychological Evaluation Instrument NEUROPSI Attention and Memory (NAM-2). The results indicate that the most prevalent substances in the consumer group were alcohol, marijuana, nicotine, cocaine and inhalants; likewise, it was identified that there are statistically significant differences in the cognitive performance of attention and memory between both groups; likewise, the results suggest the presence of alterations in functions such as selective and sustained attention, working memory, encoding and evocation in the sample of consumers. When framing the results in the field of prevention, the need to implement intervention routes against consumption at early ages is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of alcoholic drinks by students of higher education has reached worrying numbers, affecting negatively their engagement and academic achievement. This article aimed to describe the procedures and results of the adaptation and validation of a Scale of University Students' Perceptions on the Effects of Alcohol Consumption in Brazil. The instrument was applied to a sample of 202 Brazilian students. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the existence of two dimensions, in accordance with the original Portuguese version, grouping items of positive and negative perceptions about the effects on the alcohol consumption. There were found high levels of internal consistency of items for each dimension (positive perceptions a=0,80 and negative perceptions a=0,80) and criteria validity indexes, equally promising for using the scale in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to characterize the discussion forum of a virtual community in which the members addressed drug-related issues for ludic and recreational purposes. Through a netnography approach, a virtual community in Spanish was studied in which users shared content regarding the use of psychoactive substances. Data collection was carried out based on 12 forums whose main topic was the report of consumer experiences. The data were compiled in Excel databases, and thematic data analysis was carried out with the support of the Nvivo software. The results showed that the discussions were characterized by dynamics in which users exchange a wide amount of knowledge about drugs, their uses, symptoms and physiological effects, as well as psychological experience. At the same time, the dynamics of the forums provide resources to users to promote the construction of a sense of community. The findings showed the interest of the communities in promoting care environments, risk prevention, and harm reduction. These types of studies corroborate the relevance of forums as potential and useful scenarios for drug research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic or excessive consumption of the substance benzoylmethylecgonine and its derivatives has been involved in the decrease in the cognitive area of the human being, focusing on: memory, attention, concentration, orientation and various cognitive functions. The present study tries to analyze the underlying mechanisms of cognitive deterioration in people addicted to benzoylmethylecgonine and denote the metric instruments presented in this line of study. Through a systematic review in the Pub Med and Medline databases, it was possible to discriminate 51 non-randomized scientific articles related to the subject. The articles were analyzed using the AMSTAR tool and described with the PRIMA methodology. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that cognitive impairment is evident and progressive in their cognitive functions in evaluated patients. Updating this information will make it possible to contribute to future research and interventions on consumer awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to promote community resilience through the formation of protective communities with people deprived of liberty in a Penitentiary Institution in the city of Pasto, Colombia. The research was carried out based on the qualitative paradigm, with a hermeneutic historical approach through critical ethnography, in which 15 people deprived of liberty participated. Community resilience focused on strengthening protective factors present in the community, through the formation of protective communities as the scenario that guides subjects to live the experience of deprivation of liberty as an opportunity for adaptation, learning and resignification. The results evidenced the underlying relationship between community resilience, mental health and resocialization (main objective of deprivation of liberty), allowing changes in daily dynamics, interaction with other subjects and reflection on one's life project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular physical activity (PE) has positive health effects, and it is also suggested as a helpful tactic in the management of psychoactive substance use (PAS). Study individuals who were drug addicted looked at differences and the impact of PE on stress and physical fitness. The pre-experimental pretest-posttest design included a single group of (n=4, Mage=22.0, SD=5.3) individuals who were evaluated and eligible based on the PAR-Q & YOU self-report and the IDARE inventory. The results showed that the muscular resistance of the upper and lower limbs had significant differences (p 0.03, and 0.00), but the effect size was negative (d = -1.79 and - 6.00); aerobic capacity, abdominal muscular resistance, and flexibility did not show statistical significance, and the effect size was negative; stress showed significant differences. The findings show that PE can improve some aspects of physical fitness in patients. This area of research should be looked into further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to know the social representations of women about the use of legal psychoactive substances during pregnancy. This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was carried out from December 2020 to March 2021, 25 women attended at a health center in the interior of the state of Alagoas participated in the research. The Theory of Social Representations was used as a theoretical framework. In the main results, the feelings that cause conflicts in the individual and social spheres of the participants about the use of legal psychoactive substances during pregnancy were highlighted as central themes. Thus, it can be known that the study made it possible to know the social representations of women about the use of legal psychoactive substances during pregnancy, through a consensual universe, formed from social support and combined by women and their social relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction of substances through different forms, which can alter mood, behavior or perceptions. It is a public health problem that begins at early ages due to different situations such as adolescence where risk behaviors and the social need to join peer groups are present. In adulthood there are great changes and functions that differ from adolescence, being an age in which there is more stability, being a cycle of life, which is the one that takes more time, which is why the author Erikson divides adulthood into three stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to stablish the prevalence of psychoactive substances consumption among students and to associate this consumption with the socio-demographic, family structures, and personality traits. The study was set on a public technological institute of Medellín, Colombia during 2016. The next tests were applied once to the students: ASSIT, APGAR Family, NEO-FFI, ERI and a test of sociodemographic variables. The primary outcome in this study was the prevalence of consumption of psychoactive substances among students. In order to stablish the association between psychoactive substances and sociodemographic, family structures, and personality traits, a logistic regression model was fit. A total of 891 students participated in this study. The prevalence of psychoactive substances use among students was 51.6%. The logistic regression conducted on the data proved that males, among 18 to 24 years, with intrafamily deficit, and with low kindness were positively associated with greater PAS use (OR = 2.97, 2.72, 1.63, 9.32, respectively). Kindness aspects (e.g., confidence, frankness, counseling, sensitivity to others) and family relationships should be improved in order to prevent psychoactive substances use among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychoactive substance use in Peruvian population during the pandemic. Method: The research was a quantitative descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1932 subjects of both sexes, aged between 18 and 65 years. For the collection of information, a survey was elaborated with questions related to the consumption of psychoactive substances, work and family information during the pandemic. Results: In the results it was found that people who telework consume more alcohol, tobacco, energizers, tranquilizers and marijuana; those who work remotely have a higher consumption of tranquilizers. Alcohol is the most consumed legal drug, followed by tobacco and marijuana. Substance use decreased during the quarantine period. People who consume alcohol presented higher percentages of contagion and loss of a family member. They also consider that they have support from their family or friends to cope with a COVID-19 contagion. Conclusions: It is concluded that in the Peruvian population the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana prevails, there is a decrease in the consumption of psychoactive substances; however, consumption continues despite the restrictions established but the Peruvian state and the risks produced by consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de la Educación Física y el Deporte is the property of Instituto Universitaria Asociacion Cristiana de Jovenes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The drugs phenomenon must be analyzed taking into account a variety of relevant dimensions and problems in the field of health, in terms of human rights, security policies, democracy, and development. As we get closer to 60 years of prohibitionist policies, it is difficult to find reasons to explain the persistence of the drug policies in Argentina and in the world. Most of the countries continue to be trapped in drug policies that amplify damage and suffering in populations, that violate people's rights and reduce state capacities and that find as the main response (and in some places exclusively), incarceration of population groups. The article is structured as follows: first, the current regulatory framework on drugs described, then, the situation of consumption practices and the indicators of the current paradigm in drug policies are analyzed. As a conclusion, contributions are presented for a drug policy based on prevention, harm reduction, and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia there would be about half a million people with abuse or dependence on illicit drugs, so it is a priority to develop preventive interventions based on evidence. Universal, selective and indicated prevention requires the analysis of factors associated with consumption in the general population and among drug users. Objectives. Establish factors that are associated with the consumption of illegal substances in the general population and latent classes among drug users. Method. Cross-sectional study with 32,605 between 12 and 65 years, with regression, factorial and latent class analysis. Results. Having consumer friends and previous experience with psychoactive substances are the factors most associated with the use of illegal substances in the last year. Three latent classes of illicit drug users were identified, which vary with respect to current consumption and the experience of consumption of illicit substances. Conclusions. Factors with potential utility for the prevention of the consumption of illicit substances were identified. The analysis of the latent classes of consumers, allows to specify the factors to be considered in the indicated prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The consumption of psychoactive substances in Colombia has increased, both legal and illegal, especially in university students, if we review the national studies on consumption developed by the Colombian Drug Observatory (2016), we can conclude that not only does consumption increase, but the age of onset decreases, which also constitutes greater needs for care in specialized services for substance abuse. Research questions arise: what are the substances consumed by young university students in Colombia? What risk and protective factors are prioritized in university contexts for the prevention of substance abuse? The objectives of this research were: to identify which drugs are being consumed by young people and how the foundations of prevention programs are established. Methodologically, to carry out the present narrative review, a search was carried out in PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Dialnet databases. A chain search was also performed and other studies were located using bibliographic reference lists of the studies retrieved in the primary search. This is a narrative review was carried out under criteria of international standards. The critical evaluation of the articles consisted of the complete reading of the study, its evaluation and filling of the data collection instrument. Those studies published in duplicate or found in more than one database were considered only once. Once all the sources were integrated, it was decided to organize the evidence found by cities, consumption substances, risk perception, risk and protection factors. The results show an emphasis on the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Marijuana as an illegal substance is the most consumed and considered the initiation channel for other substances. After these, relatively significant use of inhalants, cocaine and LSD is shown. It is evident that the consumption of psychoactive substances presents a behavior similar to that reported by epidemiological studies, the prevalence of consumption is higher for legal substances, as well as the age of onset is lower for these. In conclusion, the following stand out as risk factors: the life cycle and ease of access; and as a protective factor: satisfaction with the career and a positive vision of the future. With this panorama, the Ministry of National Education of Colombia (MEN) (2008) proposes as a strategy to reduce academic dropout, the creation of psychological support programs for students that are focused on the identification and monitoring of people at risk of consumption of psychoactive substances. It is necessary to build campaigns within the framework of social advertising in two scenarios: one, communications conceptualized by professionals towards public awareness training; and two, prevention campaigns to focus on areas and foci of influence, sectored and atomized to specific problems, specific substances and target adopting public. Likewise, the preventive practices that must be incorporated must aim at three areas: recognition of the negative consequences of drug abuse; clear, systematic and efficient communication; and to the promotion of sound decision-making by young people. The promotion of mental health in national health systems and professional health organizations need prevention campaigns with the participation of communities. Within the limitations of this study, this article is the product of the narrative review carried out for Colombia, as it is described geographically, only characterization of three of the regions is obtained and with a strong emphasis on studies of the capital city (Bogotá), the other two regions that are not described are areas with an active presence of illicit crops that generate a permanent relationship of the communities with the substances, and even with indigenous groups with consumption associated with their cultural identity, aspectsthat are not reflected by not have information on these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of psychoactive substances, as evidenced by ethnographic data, is quite common throughout South and Central America. Archaeological evidences of material culture of such practices from the Amazonian lowlands, however, have received little attention or have not been significantly recognized. For example, the small ceramic vases with spouts from the Marajoara phase, some with zoomorphic designs, have traditionally been associated with their use as an eating utensil or a "spoon". We propose their true purpose was to serve as containers for snuff storage or directly as inhalers of psychoactive substances, such as the "paricá-powder". The "snuff spoon" spout of the container, filled with "paricá", would be inserted into one nostril, the other being closed with the thumb. The opening of the container would be covered with the fingers or the palm of the other hand. Inhalation creates a vacuum inside the container and the sudden opening and simultaneous inhalation sucks the snuff into the user's nose. Here, nine specimens, which are part of the archaeology collection at the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi in Belém, are presented and described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an investigation carried out from the perspective of Legal Psychology to those deprived of liberty that make up the residential Therapeutic Community of the High and Medium Security Penitentiary Establishment of Combita (Boyacá) that aims to prevent or intervene the consumption of psychoactive substances in the context of the prison environment that bring legal effects to legal benefits established in Law 65 of 1993 - Penitentiary and Prison Code, implying mental health and resocialization of inmates. Lour psychological tests were applied to those deprived of liberty in two moments, the first corresponding to a pre-test and the second as a post-test, in which it was intended to perform a quantitative analysis on the findings resulting from the applied psychological instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to describe the level of risk against the consumption of psychoactive substances in urban public transport drivers. It is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study with a sample of 214 drivers chosen through simple random sampling. The ASSIST V3.0 Test was applied, obtaining positive results against tobacco consumption (57.9%), alcohol (89.7%), cannabis (8.4%), tranquilizers (4.7%) and hallucinogens (.9%). Tobacco is the substance that represents the highest level of risk in more than half of the cases (52.8%), which indicates the possibility in drivers of presenting future health problems and dependence on the substance. The importance of the formulation of a sustainable policy and the development of programs that prevent the consumption of psychoactive substances and promote healthy lifestyles are concluded, so that the health and well-being of drivers is guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To relate the consumption of psychoactive substances, psychosocial factors and academic performance in adolescents of the Colombian Andean Region. Materials and methods: The research used a non-experimental design, quantitative approach, cross-sectional correlational type; 675 adolescents from the Andean Region of Colombia participated. The following instruments were applied: Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-R) and e SIDUC. For the result analysis, frequencies, proportions and X², among others, were taken into account to describe the variables and detect relationships between them. The software used for statistical analysis is SPSS version 21 Results: The substance most consumed by students is alcohol, followed by cigarettes. There is a relationship between the consumption of psychoactive substances by adolescents and psychosocial factors; On the other hand, there is no relationship between the consumption of psychoactive substances and the academic performance of adolescents. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference in gender for the consumption of psychoactive substances, the degrees in which more consumption occurs are ninth to eleven; the age at which there is greater consumption is between 15 and 17 years; The main substances consumed are alcohol and cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychoactive substance use associated with tuberculosis is an urgent public health issue in the contemporary world. Objective: To characterize the profile and psychoactive substance use ofpatients undergoing tuberculosis treatment and to analyze the association between health-related variables, consumption, and treatment adherence, from the perspective of Brief Interventions (BI). Methodology: Descriptive correlational epidemiological study, with 114 patients, from 2016 to 2017. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test were used. Results: Smokers who drank alcohol (p = 0.058) and those who reported not having chronic diseases (p = 0.024) had a need to receive BI. Cannabis use was more frequent among smokers (p = 0.009). As for the frequency of treatment adherence, 40% of participants smoked, 21.1% drank alcohol, 10.5% used cannabis, and 13.7% used cocaine. Conclusion: These results demonstrated the vulnerability of this population to psychoactive substance use based on treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychoactive substance use associated with tuberculosis is an urgent public health issue in the contemporary world. Objective: To characterize the profile and psychoactive substance use ofpatients undergoing tuberculosis treatment and to analyze the association between health-related variables, consumption, and treatment adherence, from the perspective of Brief Interventions (BI). Methodology: Descriptive correlational epidemiological study, with 114 patients, from 2016 to 2017. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test were used. Results: Smokers who drank alcohol (p = 0.058) and those who reported not having chronic diseases (p = 0.024) had a need to receive BI. Cannabis use was more frequent among smokers (p = 0.009). As for the frequency of treatment adherence, 40% of participants smoked, 21.1% drank alcohol, 10.5% used cannabis, and 13.7% used cocaine. Conclusion: These results demonstrated the vulnerability of this population to psychoactive substance use based on treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to detect the level of risk due to consumption of psychoactive substances in a sample of 324 undergraduates entering Psychology in Arequipa - Peru, with 73.15% female and 26.85% male, and ages between 18 and 25 years. The ASSIST test prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) detected that 33.02%, 22.53% and 10.49% reach a moderate level of risk in the consumption of tobacco, alcoholic beverages and marijuana correspondingly. Besides, 2.78% of a high level of risk in the consumption of alcoholic beverages, concluding that the SPA most consumed by these university students are alcoholic beverages and tobacco; that approximately 1 in 4 has a moderate to high risk of having problems with alcohol and tobacco consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different circumstances that led young university students to marijuana use were analyzed, so our unit of analysis was young university students from the faculty of social sciences and the spatial dimension was the national university of Bogotá, as an inclusion criterion we interviewed students from the third semester who stated that they had used marijuana at least once in their lives. It was given a phenomenological approach that allowed us to study the problems of these young people as they experience and / or perceive them, not based on theories. To collect the information, the semistructured interview was applied with open-ended questions of preference that allowed the informants to express themselves freely and thus provided us with more information about the circumstances that motivated them to consume this type of hallucinogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Equidad y Desarrollo is the property of Equidad y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polydrug use is associated with several negative consequences on health. Also, attendance to different recreational contexts is associated with consumption of certain substances. In Argentina, however, there is little research that examines the polydrug use of substances and, moreover, its association with particular recreational contexts. The present study examined, in 382 college students from Argentina, the association between substance use patterns and attendance to different recreational contexts. The students completed an online survey that measured substance use and frequency of attendance to music festivals, home parties/prepartying, regional music festivals, nightclubs and concerts. Three substance-use profiles, two of polydrug use, were identified via Latent Class Analysis. These classes differed in their probability of exhibiting legal or illegal substance use and, additionally, in their frequency of assistance to different recreational contexts. Classes with polydrug use, compared with the alcohol-drinkers only class, exhibited significantly greater frequency of attendance to music festivals, concerts, regional music festivals and parties at home/prepartying. These findings highlight the large prevalence of polydrug use within Argentinean college students, which heightens their already high vulnerability for drug-related negative consequences. Moreover, the data suggests a significant association between polydrug use and assistance to specific recreational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate care and risk practices carried out in nightlife settings with massive presence of people in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. In addition to this, the perceived reasons behind the consumption of psychoactive substances were investigated. For this purpose, 16 young people between 21 and 35 years of age were interviewed. The data was analyzed following the approach proposed in the grounded theory and using the Atlas.Ti program. Practices were studied at individual, group and environmental levels. Among the risk practices, substance availability, excessive intake and substance mixing were frequently mentioned. Regarding care practices, the value of the group was highlighted by keeping together and providing help to its members. Practical implications of these results are discussed, and limitations and future lines of research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the autonomy of subjects engaged in substance misuse (SM). After examining the concept of autonomy of subjects engaged in SM, based on medical, psychological and moral paradigms that range between understanding SM either as a compulsion or a choice, we discuss the psychopathological aspects involved in SM, i.e., the experience of temporality and its implications regarding the autonomy of these subjects and their recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La excavación del sepulcro de El Miradero, fechado en el Neolítico Final, deparó el hallazgo de una serie de evidencias relativas al mundo de las creencias sobre cuya transcendencia reflexionamos en este trabajo. Por un lado están las espátulas de hueso y las vasijas macizas que se asocian al uso de sustancias alteradoras de la conciencia. Por otro analizamos la formación de la costra calcárea que selló el sepulcro y las propias características de los restos que quedaron conservados bajo ella.The excavation of the tomb of El Miradero, dating from the Late Neolithic, threw up the discovery of a body of evidences relating to the beliefs’ field whose transcendence is reflected in this work. On one side there are bone spatulas and massive pots that are associated with the use of consciousness-altering substances. Furthermore we analyze the formation of the limestone crust that sealed the tomb and the characteristics of the burials preserved under it.