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Research data is increasingly viewed as an important scholarly output. While a growing body of studies have investigated researcher practices and perceptions related to data sharing, information about data-related practices throughout the research process (including data collection and analysis) remains largely anecdotal. Building on our previous study of data practices in neuroimaging research, we conducted a survey of data management practices in the field of psychology. Our survey included questions about the type(s) of data collected, the tools used for data analysis, practices related to data organization, maintaining documentation, backup procedures, and long-term archiving of research materials. Our results demonstrate the complexity of managing and sharing data in psychology. Data is collected in multifarious forms from human participants, analyzed using a range of software tools, and archived in formats that may become obsolete. As individuals, our participants demonstrated relatively good data management practices, however they also indicated that there was little standardization within their research group. Participants generally indicated that they were willing to change their current practices in light of new technologies, opportunities, or requirements., Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Both authors work broadly in the field of data management and sharing. AEV is currently employed by the commercial company Figshare. This commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The project described in this paper was planned and all data was collected before AEV began her position at Figshare. The employers of neither author have influenced the development of the survey instrument, how data was collected or analyzed, or how the conclusions from this project are disseminated.

This article updates previous content analyses that identified a relative paucity of U.S.-based psychological research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people of color by extending the period covered to 2018. In addition to documenting how many such studies occurred and when, it considers the research questions asked, funding sources, impact, and journal outlets. This richer description of this research area allowed us to describe historically not only when LGBT people of color in the United States were studied but why they were studied, which journals published this work, and which published studies were most influential. We found that the literature starts in 1988 for LGB people of color and in 2009 for transgender people of color and that a significant shift occurred in 2009, with the majority of the articles being published in the last 10 years. Findings suggest that U.S. federal funding and support for LGBT research as well as divisions of the American Psychological Association focused on minoritized identities and their journals played a role in the recent increase. Half of the studies investigated psychological symptoms, and more than a third of studied experiences and psychological processes related to holding multiple minority statuses, many of which focused on potentially deleterious aspects of these identities. These findings indicate that this literature has a significant focus on pathology. Underrepresented groups included cisgender and transgender women; transgender men; older individuals; Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders; American Indians and Alaska Natives; and multiracial individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Frailty is a multidimensional geriatric syndrome associated with specific biopsychosocial factors in each population. This was a cross-sectional observational study designed to determine the biopsychosocial factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults in a community in Salvador, Brazil. The stages of frailty were collected in 413 older adults: 34.9% frail, 54.5% pre-frail, 10.6% robust. In the multinomial regression model, age (p = .018), functionality for instrumental activities of daily living (p = .026), risk for falls (p = .006), family functionality (p = .031) and the physical domain of quality of life (p = .004) had an independent association with frailty. Risk for falls (p = .004), family functionality (p = .004) and the environment domain of quality of life (p = .037) were independently associated with pre-frailty. The findings provide support to interventions in a way that contributes to prevention or reversal of frailty., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze the relation between occupational psychosocial risks and quality of life related to health, felt by workers who work in oncology and palliative care units in a region of Chile., Method: Cross-sectional analytical study of quantitative approach, in which 110 health workers participated. Research met the ethical requirements of E. Emanuel., Results: Participants perceive greater exposure to psychosocial risks in the dimension of psychological demands and double presence. On the other hand, they see better results in the physical health component (𝒙: 76.72; SD 9.75) versus the mental health component (𝒙: 71.13; SD 6.38). In addition, there are relations with statistical significance, between psychosocial risks and quality of life related to Health (p≤0.05)., Conclusions: This study shows that there the perception of psychosocial risks and quality of life are related, when considering the health of workers.

Simulation is used to facilitate new learning in a variety of situations. One application of simulation could be to help therapists gain therapeutic skills prior to seeing clients. This particular study was interested in measuring changes in stress response by looking at subjective and objective measures of distress (as measured by SUDS, HR, and HRV) over three sessions of simulated therapy. 16 second year psychology students participated in three sessions, and had their HR and HRV measured by Polar watches. Over the three sessions, there was a decrease in perceived distress, as measured by SUDS ratings. During and between sessions, there was inconclusive change in physiological parameters.

The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied is a leading international journal in psychology dating back to 1935. This study examines its publications since its creation utilizing a bibliometric analysis. The primary objective is to provide a complete overview of the key factors affecting the journal. This analysis includes such key issues as the publication and citation structure of the journal, its most cited articles, and the leading authors, institutions, and countries referenced in the journal. The work uses the Scopus database to classify the bibliographic material. Additionally, the analysis provides a graphical mapping of the bibliographic data by using visualization of similarities viewer software. This software uses several bibliometric techniques including co-citation, bibliographic coupling and co-occurrence of keywords. The Journal of Psychology is strongly connected to most of the current leading journals in psychology, and currently has a 5-year impact factor of 1.77 (Thomson Reuters, 2015 Journal Citation Reports).

This study examined the effects of intercontinental telehealth coaching on the mastery of therapists' skills and improvements in verbalizations by children with autism, testing whether telehealth can be a solution for underserved communities in developing countries such as Georgia-Sakartvelo in Eastern Europe. Three therapists delivering and three children with autism receiving early-intervention services from the nongovernmental organization Children of Georgia in Tbilisi participated. Experimenters provided coaching from Virginia, USA to therapists in Georgia-Sakartvelo. Observers in Georgia-Sakartvelo and in Virginia conducted the behavioral observations. We used inexpensive communications technology to provide the coaching and a multiple-baseline design across participants to evaluate the effects of the intervention. Therapists demonstrated improvements in two classes of behaviors: correct command sequences and positive consequences. The children demonstrated improvements with echoics and mands. The study demonstrated that telehealth can be a good model for delivering early-intervention services to children with autism in underserved and distant regions of the world., (© 2017 Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.)

This article analyzes the development of the history of psychology in Argentina and Brazil, beginning with the emergence of the history of psychology at the beginning of the 20th century. The paper analyzes that such old historical reconstructions were written by the same authors or institutions that were introducing Psychology in the two countries. That is, the older historical productions in the field of psychology were Whig biased. An analysis of the last 30 years of history of psychology is also provided. The article describes institutional developments, including archives, journals, scientific meetings, and teaching of history of psychology in academic settings. Main groups devoted to history of psychology, both in Argentina and Brazil are described. Finally, it offers some thoughts on the future of history of psychology in the 2 countries. A comparative study between Argentina and Brazil allows to understand strengths and weakness related to institutionalization of History of Psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).)

Background: Understanding correlates of physical activity (PA) among children in different populations may contribute to fostering active lifestyles. This study considered gender differences in relationships between biologic (body mass index, BMI), demographic (socioeconomic sport status, SES) and psychosocial correlates of PA and level of PA in Portuguese primary school children., Methods: 683 children, aged 8-10 years, from 20 different elementary schools in northern Portugal were surveyed. Weight status was classified using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria for the BMI. Family SES was estimated from school records. PA level and psychosocial correlates (attraction to PA, perceived physical competence and parental socialization) were obtained with interview and standardized questionnaires, respectively. Sex-specific hierarchical multiple regression analyses (SPSS 18.0) were conducted and included two blocks of predictor variables (biologic and demographic, and psychosocial)., Results: Level of PA was significantly higher in boys than girls. Enjoyment of participation in vigorous PA was positively associated with level of PA. Perceived acceptance by peers in games and sports and parental encouragement were positively and significantly related to PA in girls. Perceived physical competence was positively and significantly related to PA in boys. Weight status and SES were not associated with PA., Conclusions: Boys and girls differed in perceived attractiveness of PA and perceived physical competence, both of which influenced level of PA. Differences in perceptions may be important aspects of motivation for PA in school children.

The goal of this study is to analyze the verbal interaction that takes place between client and therapist over the course of a clinical intervention so as to analyze the potential learning processes that may be responsible for changes in the client's behavior. A total of 92 sessions were analyzed, corresponding to 19 clinical cases treated by 9 therapists specializing in behavioral therapy. The variables considered were therapist and client verbal behaviors, and these were categorized according to their possible functions and/or morphologies. The Observer XT software was used as a tool for the observational analysis. The results led to the conclusion that the therapist responds differentially to client verbalizations, modifying the verbal contingencies as his or her client content approaches or becomes more distant from therapeutic objectives. These results suggest the possible existence of verbal "shaping" processes through which the therapist guides the client's verbal behavior toward more adaptive forms. In addition, this study proposes an alternative to the traditional controversy regarding the relevance of the therapeutic relationship versus the treatment techniques used to explain clinical change. This article suggests that such differentiation is unnecessary because the therapeutic relationship and the treatment techniques should act in the same manner, this is, in providing the context for the occurrence of what is truly therapeutic, namely, the learning processes.

Background: Guidelines for Spanish university curricula include the descriptor Quantitative and Qualitative Methods, but the latter are still poorly represented., Method: To inform the argument for phenomenological methods, the last 20-year interval of ISI databases has been content-analyzed with the following codes: discourse analysis, grounded theory, narrative analysis, phenomenological analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, that is, four qualitative methods and a prototypical quantitative one., Results: In absolute terms, the most frequent qualitative method is grounded theory, followed by discourse analysis, phenomenological analysis and narrative analysis. However, taking into account content categories, only phenomenological analysis shows a clear psychological profile, similar to confirmatory factor analysis., Conclusions: We recommend starting qualitative training with a method that does not require either big groups, or big funding, and that has a procedural core that is simple, relatively well-delimited and "secularizable," a variety of thematic analysis. Historical reasons and the clear psychological profile evidenced by our results enhance our argument to foster the inclusion of phenomenological analysis in research method courses in psychology.

Currently, we are experiencing a paradigm shift in relation to how we understand health and care. The biomedical model has been replaced by a vision of an integral being, and care emphasis is being placed on health promotion and disease prevention. However, the discourse of personal responsibility for health can generate in patients feelings of guilt, shame, fear and paranoia, while in professionals it can cause feelings of powerlessness and frustration. These feelings disrupt attachments and, thus, reduce the effectiveness of care. The objective of this theoretical study is to propose a dialogue between Psychology, with social constructionist sensitivity, and Nursing, to examine the possibilities of improving care from this approach. As an alternative to the discourse of personal responsibility, relational responsibility and understanding health and care in the long time, lived time and short time, is proposed.

This article asks, and answers three separate questions: What is multicultural psychology? What is psychological science? Are multicultural psychology and (empirical/positivist) psychological science incompatible? A brief overview of the history of science is provided emphasizing the emancipatory impulses behind a modernist, empirical, positivist approach to science. It is argued that such an approach is not incompatible with multicultural psychology. The author concludes that multicultural psychological will be strengthened if psychologists draw upon both qualitative and quantitative methods, including those that come from a positivist tradition, when investigating psychological and social issues as they affect diverse populations.

In the present study, the efficacy of a formal mentoring program applied to fourth and fifth year students of the Psychology Faculty of the Complutense University is assessed. In this program, fifth-year students took on the role of mentors and fourth-year students, the role of mentees. To assess the efficacy, the group of mentors was compared with a group of non-mentors and the group of mentees with a group of non-mentees, before and after the program, taking into account the variables related to career development function (knowledge acquired of the academic setting and satisfaction with the career of Psychology) and the psychosocial function (self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and involvement). The results show a statistically significant increase in the knowledge acquired about the academic setting as a consequence of the program, both in the group of mentors and in the group of mentees. Moreover, the mentors achieved a better average grade in the subjects of the specialty of Work Psychology. There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in satisfaction with the career of Psychology, or in self-concept, self-esteem, or self-efficacy.

The evolution of the historiography of psychology in Brazil is surveyed, to describe how the field has evolved from the seminal works of the pioneer, mostly self-taught, psychologists, to the now professional historians working from a variety of theoretical models and methods of inquiry. The first accounts of the history of psychology written by Brazilians and by foreigners are surveyed, as well as the recent works made by researchers linked to the Work Group on the History of Psychology of the Brazilian Association of Research and Graduate Education in Psychology and published in periodicals such as Memorandum and Mnemosine. The present historiography focuses mainly the relationship of psychological knowledge to specific social and cultural conditions, emphasizing themes such as women's participation in the construction of the field, the development of psychology as a science and as a profession in education and health, and the development of psychology as an expression of Brazilian culture and of the experience of resistance of local communities to domination. To reveal this process of identity construction, a cultural historiography is an important tool, coupled with methodological pluralism.

Generally speaking, this paper comments on the role of qualitative methods in scientific psychology. To begin with, general and special methodology are defined; then, the main uses of qualitative methods are described and the focus of the paper on the study of meaning and of abstract concepts in the context of embodied cognition is justified. It is emphasized that three uses of qualitative methods converge in the study of embodied cognition: (1) classification, given that it is centered on concepts, (2) discovery, because theories are not yet well articulated and inductive effort is required, and (3) the study of meaning. The final recommendation is to profit from the opportunity of constructing special techniques that the transformation of cognitive psychology is favoring; in this context, varieties of emotion become a privileged object of study.

Two ways of eliciting conceptual content have been to instruct participants to list the intrinsic properties that concept exemplars possess or to report any thoughts that come to mind about the concept. It has been argued that the open, unconstrained probe is better able to elicit the situational information that concepts contain. We evaluated this proposal in two experiments comparing the two probes with regard to the content that they yield for object concepts at the superordinate and basic levels. The results showed that the open probe was better able to elicit situated conceptual knowledge and point out differences in the representations of superordinate and basic concepts.

Since 2007, in Romania, the Ministry of Health implements the national programme for tobacco control which contains also a sub-programme for sustaining smoking cessation through free treatment and counselling. Because the specialised intervention lasts too long (often more than 60 minutes) and the requests for support increased with a high rate, we had to identify methods to increase the efficacity of the intervention and, thus, the efficiency. According to this new situation, since January 2008, all the smokers asking for support to the Center for Smoking Cessation from the National Institute of Pneumology "Marius Nasta" had to participate to an "information group" prior to visit to the doctor or/and psychologist for specialized help. The aim of this group is to offer the common information needed by all smokers and does not have any elements of group therapy. During 1st January 2008 - 31st December 2009, 829 smokers asked for help in Bucharest centers, from which 585 addressed to the physicians and 288 to the psychologists, a percentage being referred to both specialists. The smokers who are going directly to the specialist tend to choose only one specialist (67,8% doctor and 24% psychologist); only 8,1% are going to both specialists. In the meantime, those smokers who are participating to the information group, are using the services of both counsellors: 30,8% comparing with 28,2% only to doctor and 9,4% only to psychologist. Comparing with the smokers who went directly to the doctor, the smokers who underwent the group of information had an increased succes rate at 3 months after quiting with 27,8%. Also, the percentage of "lost" persons decreased with 51%. Participation to the information group increases the likelihood of attendance to both specialists by 2,8 times. The common approach of the smoker increased the abstinence rate independently of the participation to the information group: 44% increase for smokers who participated to the information group, and 67,3% for persons that directly addressed to the physician. In conclusion, organising an information group will increase the double approach of the smoker (by physician and psychologist) which, in turn, will increase the success rate and the efficiency of the medical act.

Mixture models are outstanding procedures to evaluate rater agreement that assume that the objects to be classified by two observers are extracted from a population that is a mixture of two finite subpopulations, the first one representing systematic agreement and the second one random agreement and disagreement. A generalization of the basic mixture model to include four subpopulations representing two latent variables with two classes allows us to preserve its nature (the fit of the model and the systematic subpopulation are the same) and to distinguish a subpopulation for random agreement and two subpopulations for disagreement (one for the upper triangle and the other for the lower triangle of contingency table). In this context, it is possible to define a new rater bias measure based on a mixture model, which is similar to the descriptive index proposed by Ludbrook.

This work aims to reveal some aspects of the scientific domain of Psychology, in the context of the internationally visible Spanish science in the databases of the Citation Index of The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), which is represented by a map. We used the methodology of cocitation of thematic categories (JCR-Thompson Scientific), with which we obtained a representation of the scientific activity. The resulting map allowed us to focus on the area of Psychology, whose representation acts as database for the analysis of this discipline in the scientific field with international visibility. This study offers an empirical view of the underlying structure of Spanish Psychology. This is important because most scientists have an intuitive idea of this structure, but this may or may not be real. This way, we present a global vision of the entire discipline that favours its objective analysis as a function of scientists' behaviour as it affects their patterns of communication through the established formal channels.

Taking into account the studies about the measure of sensitivity in magnitude estimation tasks, we analyze the three most common measures used in this topic: Pearson's product-moment correlation between the logarithm of the stimulus and the logarithm of the response (R), the exponent of Stevens' power function (K), and the measure "M" proposed by Garriga-Trillo. Using a sample of participants greater than usual in psychophysical studies (180 participants), we designed an experiment with two sets of stimuli with different stimulus ranges. In each of these sets, we used two kinds of stimuli (line segments and squares). Our conclusions were: (1) we rejected the use of K as a sensitivity measure because the results provided by this index were the opposite of those expected when we compared the two stimulus ranges. (2) We also rejected the use of M because this measure is a linear transformation of Kendall's coefficient of concordance. (3) Lastly, we suggest the mathematical transformation proposed by Fisher to achieve a normal distribution, and recommend this transformation as the best sensitivity measure.

Motivation underlying the career choice of mental health professionals may include a desire to resolve personal psychological distress from childhood or the need to continue the caretaking role held in the family (A. DiCaccavo, 2002; J. D. Guy, 1987). The authors examined whether psychology students whose future vocational aspirations lie in the clinical domain (N = 40) differed from psychology students with no clinical aspirations (N = 35) and from business students (N = 91) in reported childhood experiences and current psychological functioning. Psychology students who wanted to work in the clinical domain reported higher rates of perceived childhood sexual abuse and neglect as compared with both psychology students with no clinical aspirations and business students. They also reported more parentification experiences between the ages of 14 years and 16 years as compared with business students. There were no significant differences between groups in reported levels of current negative emotions.

Although the socialist ideology of the Catalan psychiatrist Emilio Mira y López (1896-1964) is relatively well known, his psychological-political contribution has been ignored. The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, Mira's psychological analysis of the social revolution is situated in the historical context of Catalonia and Spain before Franco's Dictatorship, taking account of biographical and political as well as scientific and cultural aspects. Second, the way in which Mira related psychology to politics is explored by examining the extent to which his scientific work reflected his socialist ideas.

A review of personal and family variables that regulate prosocial behavior is based on a sample of 1,433 Spanish adolescents (ages 9 to 13; 743 boys and 690 girls) who were assessed on the Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure, the Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale, the Emotional Instability Scale, the State-Trait Anger Inventory, the Child's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents. Discriminant analyses showed that empathy, self-control in anger-provoking situations, and affection in family relationships are the best predictors of prosocial behavior.

Service-learning can produce timely paradigmatic shifts in the psychology curriculum and in teaching practices. This innovative pedagogy enhances students' academic learning, personal growth, civic development, and professional development. Service-learning pedagogy also has the potential of enhancing students' understanding of, and commitment to, "glocal" (global-local) issues as expressed in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Service-learning is defined and proffered to transform the undergraduate psychology curriculum by engaging the department faculty to align course outcomes and scaffold community-engaged activities from the introductory to capstone courses. This transformation is illustrated with a major contemporary challenge: climate change.

RESUMO Objetivou-se traduzir, adaptar e investigar propriedades psicométricas da Stigma Scale for Use with Autism e da Participatory Autism Knowledge Measure. Do estudo psicométrico da escala de estigma, participaram 532 indivíduos brasileiros e do estudo da escala de conhecimento 510, a maioria universitários, do sexo feminino, estudantes de psicologia. Etapas de tradução, síntese, avaliação por experts e público-alvo, retrotradução com verificação pela autora original e estudo-piloto conferiram evidências de validade de conteúdo às versões brasileiras das escalas e análises fatoriais confirmatórias foram realizadas para verificar o ajuste dimensional. As escalas passaram a ser denominadas Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Pessoa com Autismo (EARPA) e Escala de Conhecimento sobre o Autismo (ECAT). Os resultados mostraram evidências brasileiras a favor de um modelo unidimensional para a EARPA com índices de ajustes satisfatórios e um modelo com cinco dimensões para a ECAT. A confiabilidade composta foi adequada, sendo instrumentos promissores para uso no Brasil.

RESUMO Este artigo histórico, de natureza teórica, tem como objetivo discorrer sobre as contribuições que a Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Psicologia (ANPEPP), a partir de seus Grupos de Pesquisa (GT), ofereceram à área da Avaliação Psicológica (AP). O artigo versa sobre as principais propostas da ANPEPP para a pesquisa brasileira e, mais especificamente para a A P, com destaque para as importantes decorrências do trabalho conjunto, como a criação do Instituto Brasileiro de Avaliação Psicológica, o lançamento da Revista de Avaliação Psicológica, o Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos, bem como a integração e parcerias entre pesquisadores, laboratórios e universidades em todo o país. São mencionados os desmembramentos dos GT e a ampliação de temas. Como conclusão, destaca-se a relevância das políticas públicas para sedimentar o desenvolvimento da ciência psicológica no Brasil. Os esforços conjuntos têm possibilitado avanços à avaliação psicológica brasileira.

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the differential attrition and utilization of occupational mental health interventions, specifically examining delivery methods (internet-based versus in-person). METHODS: The research, with papers spanning 2010–2024, involved filtering criteria and comprehensive searches across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core (PROSPERO registration n. CRD42022322394). Of 28 683 titles, 84 records were included in the systematic review, with 75 in meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed through the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized control trials and funnel plots. Differential attrition across studies was meta-analysed through a random-effects model with limited maximum-likelihood estimation for the degree of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Findings reveal higher mean differential attrition in the intervention group, indicating a potential challenge in maintaining participant engagement. The attrition rates were not significantly influenced by the mode of intervention delivery (internet versus in-person). Compensation for participation and year of publication could potentially influence differential attrition from baseline to follow-up measurements. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a need for cautious consideration of attrition in occupational mental health intervention study designs and emphasize the importance of adapting statistical analyses to mitigate potential bias arising from differential attrition.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa avaliou os efeitos de um programa de intervenção em Psicoterapia Positiva para promoção do bem-estar subjetivo e psicológico de profissionais da segurança pública com sintomatologia depressiva. Participaram 16 profissionais de segurança pública, com sintomas depressivos de leve a moderado, ambos os sexos; 8 integraram o grupo experimental e 8 o grupo controle, pareados de acordo com a pontuação obtida em uma medida que avalia sintomatologia depressiva. Esta pesquisa tem delineamento longitudinal, em que participantes responderam a medidas que avaliam componentes do bem-estar subjetivo, bem-estar psicológico e sintomas depressivos em três momentos: pré-teste, pós-teste (1 semana) efollow-up (1 mês). Os resultados indicaram que o grupo experimental apresentou maior Satisfação com a Vida e Realização, além de menores Afetos Negativos, Receber Suporte Social Emocional e Sintomas Depressivos em comparação ao grupo controle. Quanto aos efeitos da intervenção, observou-se eficácia no aumento dos Afetos Positivos dos profissionais de segurança pública.

Abstract Background Psychotic-like experiences are common in the general population and an important indicator of psychological vulnerability. One of the used instruments for their assessment is the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS). However, there are few studies on the APSS psychometric characteristics in different cultural contexts. The aim of this study is to adapt the instrument in the Spanish context and analyze its psychometric properties in an adult population. Methods Upon the translation and adaptation of the APSS to Spanish, a sample of 287 participants (19–60 years) completed the questionnaire online together with the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) and an ad-hoc survey on clinical and sociodemographic variables. The sample was then randomly split into two halves, the first being the calibration (n = 144) and the second the validation sample (n = 143). An exploratory factor analysis was performed with the former, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the latter, together with internal consistency and convergent validity analyses. Results The APSS Spanish version presents a unifactorial structure comprising 6 out of the 7 original items with adequate fit and good internal consistency. This single factor structure is invariant across age, sex and history of self-reported psychopathology. The instrument also shows significant positive correlations with the SA-45 psychoticism and paranoid ideation subscales. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has conducted a psychometric analysis of the APSS in adult population. The Spanish version of the APSS shows adequate reliability, construct and convergent validity in adults, therefore provides a handy tool to be used for the screening of psychotic-like experiences in the Spanish general population.

Abstract: Introduction: Informal caregiving can lead to burnout. The relationship between burnout and negative states has been the subject of extensive research. This study analyzes the mediation role of a positive psychological variable – the quality of the carer-patient relationship – between psychological distress and informal carers’ burnout. Methods: We recruited Portuguese informal carers of adult cancer patients online (N = 92) to answer the Quality of Carer-Patient Relationship Scale gauging relationship quality, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales assessing psychological distress, and the Maslach Burnout Interview-Human Services Survey evaluating the dimensions of burnout, depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and reduced personal accomplishment. The cross-sectional data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlations, multiple regressions, and simple mediation analysis. Results: Our results show that psychological distress variables directly affect burnout dimensions, and that relationship quality has a significant indirect effect on each burnout dimension, suggesting that relationship quality partially mediates the association between each distress dimension – depression, anxiety, and stress – and each of the burnout components – depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment. Discussion/Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of intervening in informal caregiver mental health and patient-caregiver relationships and encourages further investigation into the dynamics of the studied variables.

Abstract Background The recurrence of weight gain is attributed to the homeostatic regulation of hunger and satiety signals, influenced by metabolic state, nutrient availability, and non-homeostatic mechanisms shaped by reinforced consequences from experiences. In response, Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch proposed Intuitive Eating (IE) in 1980, countering restrictive diets. IE, inversely correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), binge eating, and anxiety/depression symptoms, fosters mind–body-food harmony by recognizing hunger and satiety cues. IE encourages meeting physiological, not emotional, needs, permitting unconditional eating, and relying on internal signals for food decisions. Amidst university students’ stress, exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding their eating behavior, particularly intuitive eating levels, becomes crucial. Objective This study aimed to assess the IE level of Brazilian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study, the first to analyze the Intuitive Eating of students in Brazil during the pandemic, was conducted using an online questionnaire. Results The sample comprised 1335 students, most of whom were women (82.17%), with a mean age of 26.12 ± 7.9 years, and a healthy nutritional status (57.58%). The mean IE score was 3.2 ± 0.6. A significant association was found between the confinement situation, the type of housing unit, and the IE subscale-Unconditional Permission to Eat (p = 0.043). However, there was no association between the other subscales and the total IE scale. Regarding self-reported mental and eating disorders, the most frequent were anxiety (21.2%), depression (6.5%), and binge eating disorder (BED) (4.7%). IE was negatively associated with BED (B = − 0.66; p

Contexto e Objetivo: A gravidez e o parto são acontecimentos marcantes na vida das mulheres, acompanhados por transformações físicas e emocionais. Frequentemente, surgem dúvidas, medos e incertezas, especialmente relacionadas ao desconhecimento dos sinais de trabalho de parto. A promoção da saúde no período pré-natal visa capacitar as grávidas sobre o reconhecimento desses sinais e o momento oportuno para procurar assistência hospitalar, promovendo a saúde materno-fetal e um parto seguro. O objetivo desta revisão scoping foi mapear as evidências sobre o conhecimento das grávidas a respeito dos sinais de trabalho de parto. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão scoping baseada na metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). A pesquisa foi feita em bases de dados da EBSCOhost e limitou-se a estudos publicados entre 2010 e 2023. Três revisores independentes avaliaram e sintetizaram os estudos selecionados. Resultados: Foram analisados cinco artigos. Os resultados foram agrupados em duas categorias principais: Grávidas Com Conhecimento dos Sinais de Trabalho de Parto, que abordaram sinais físicos de início de trabalho de parto, como mudanças fisiológicas e sintomas associados ao processo de parto; e Grávidas Sem Conhecimento, que incluíram temas relacionados à falta de informação, dificuldade de identificação de sinais e insegurança sobre o momento de procurar assistência hospitalar. Conclusões: As grávidas demonstraram um baixo nível de conhecimento sobre os sinais de trabalho de parto, além de dificuldade em identificar o momento correto para procurar atendimento hospitalar. Grande parte das grávidas não tinha recebido orientações adequadas durante o pré-natal. A educação em saúde no pré-natal é essencial para promover o empoderamento e a autonomia das grávidas.

The existing literature on sexual consent is extensive, but a new social approach to this topic is emerging, necessitating further research. This article addresses a gap in understanding how men’s interactions with other men, who are not their sexual partners, both before and during sexual encounters, influence their approach to consent beyond sexual cues. The study involved sixteen interviews and two focus groups with men aged 18–25. Conducted within the framework of the Consent project (PID2019-110466RB-100), this research aims to analyze how communicative acts, beyond verbal exchanges, shape relationships where either consent or coercion prevails. The findings reveal that when men engage in coercive interactions with non-sexual male peers, these interactions can encourage the violation of consent in their sexual relationships. Conversely, some men reject this coercive behavior, take a stand, and support others in avoiding situations that compromise consent. These results underscore the importance of addressing norms of masculinity and male interactions to ensure that all individuals can autonomously make decisions about their sexual lives.

Abstract Background The rising number of children identified with autism has led to exponential growth in for-profit applied behavior analysis (ABA) agencies and the use of highly structured approaches that may not be developmentally appropriate for young children. Multiple clinical trials support naturalistic developmental behavior interventions (NDBIs) that integrate ABA and developmental science and are considered best practices for young autistic children. The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) is a comprehensive NDBI shown to improve social communication outcomes for young autistic children in several controlled efficacy studies. However, effectiveness data regarding NDBI use in community-based agencies are limited. Methods This study uses a community-partnered approach to test the effectiveness of ESDM compared to usual early behavioral intervention (EBI) for improving social communication and language in autistic children served by community agencies. This is a hybrid type 1 cluster-randomized controlled trial with 2 conditions: ESDM and EBI. In the intervention group, supervising providers will receive training in ESDM; in the control group, they will continue EBI as usual. We will enroll and randomize 100 supervisors (50 ESDM, 50 EBI) by region. Each supervisor enrolls 3 families of autistic children under age 5 (n = 300) and accompanying behavior technicians (n = 200). The primary outcome is child language and social communication at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes include child adaptive behavior, caregiver use of ESDM strategies, and provider intervention fidelity. Child social motivation and caregiver fidelity will be tested as mediating variables. ESDM implementation determinants will be explored using mixed methods. Discussion This study will contribute novel knowledge on ESDM effectiveness, the variables that mediate and moderate child outcomes, and engagement of its mechanisms in community use. We expect results from this trial to increase community availability of this model and access to high-quality intervention for young autistic children, especially those who depend on publicly funded intervention services. Understanding implementation determinants will aid scale-up of effective models within communities. Trail registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier number NCT06005285. Registered on August 21, 2023. Protocol version Issue date 6 August 2024; Protocol amendment number: 02.

Sexual harassment in academia has gained attention due to legislative measures, university mechanisms, and student solidarity networks. This article explores the factors contributing to survivors winning when suing their university. The case described here relates to a North American university in a state with regulations against harassment and an active student movement. It delves into a case at the University of California, Irvine, where four individuals sued for the mishandling of sexual harassment complaints, resulting in the dismissal of a prominent professor. Drawing on data from the EU UniswithHeart research project, the article analyzes the impact of solidarity networks and the trial outcome. Through desk research and qualitative interviews, it identifies key elements leading to legal victories against universities, even in the case of a professor who made a big donation to the university, who was banned from campus, and who had his name removed from buildings. This study shows ten aspects that lead to winning a harassment case within universities, emphasizing the importance of addressing the consequences of harassment. It also illustrates the improvement of the academic environment and science when eliminating the hostile climate and silence. Successful outcomes inspire other survivors and urge universities to uphold policies for a safer academic environment.

In our pursuit of a fulfilling and contented life, the study of well-being has emerged as a fundamental field of research. Higher levels of well-being are associated with better mental health outcomes. Individuals with better mental health might possess the personal resources necessary to set and pursue meaningful goals, maintain positive expectations, and overcome adversities. We aim to explore the positive relationship between well-being (hedonic, psychological, and social) and dispositional hope. We suggest that mental health acts as a mediator in this relationship, since improved mental health can create a conducive environment for the development and maintenance of dispositional hope. Data were collected using an e-survey through social media during the last quarter of 2022. The hypothesis of this study was tested using mediation analysis. The sample was composed of 471 participants (85.4% female) with a mean age of 47.72 ± 11.86 years. Participants were mainly workers (88.6%), followed by pensioners (6.8%), university students (2.5%), and unemployed (2.1%). Results revealed that well-being was positively and significantly associated with dispositional hope. Additionally, well-being presented a significant and positive relationship with mental health, which, in turn, also presented a significant and positive relationship with dispositional hope. Finally, using the Hayes process macro for SPSS, we found that mental health mediates the relationship between well-being and dispositional hope. Our findings reinforce the conceptual frameworks that consider well-being and mental health as key contributors to a resilient and optimistic mindset. Interventions that aim to cultivate positive affect, facilitate personal growth, and foster supportive social environments might help improve mental health outcomes.

Abstract Background The Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS in English Version) was originally developed in the USA by Matheny et al (Bringing order out of chaos: psychometric characteristics of the confusion, hubbub, and order scale. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 16(3):429–444, 1995) to measure chaos in the family environment, characterized by confusion, lack of routine, and organization. Objective To present evidence of content validity, internal structure validity, and validity based on relationships with external measures of an adapted version of the CHAOS into Brasilian Portuguese with adolescents sample in São Paulo - Brasil. Method Study 1 involved the translation/back-translation and adaptation of the scale into Brazilian Portuguese [here named “Escala de Confusão, Alvoroço e Ordem no Sistema familiar” (CAOS)], assessed by 5 judges. In Study 2, we conducted an exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to determine the scale’s factor structure (N = 180 adults). In Study 3, we carried out confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to confirm the internal validity of the scale, along with complete structural equation modeling to explore convergent validity in another sample (N = 239 adolescents). Results The CAOS scale displayed content validity, and the EFA and CFA showed a unifactorial structure (with some scale adjustments) with an acceptable fit. The family chaos latent factor was associated with externalizing symptoms and perceived stress in adolescents. Conclusion Overall, the Brazilian version of the scale presented evidence of construct, internal, and concurrent validity that indicate its usefulness in Brazil.

Abstract Aims The representation of companion animals, or pets, has been changing recently. Research concerning how pets influence employees’ work-related well-being has also started to take its first steps. This research aimed to analyze (1) how managers perceive pet-friendly practices and their main effects at work, and (2) the impact of such practices on employees’ well-being and work engagement. Relying on the social exchange perspective and the self-determination theory it was hypothesized that pet-friendly practices would positively influence employees’ well-being and work engagement by satisfying their three basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Methodology Two studies with mixed methods were conducted. The first and exploratory study resorted to semi-structured interviews with six managers. The second was a two-wave study conducted with a large sample of workers (N = 379). Results The first study highlighted the primary advantages and disadvantages of pet-friendly practices, along with the various obstacles and limitations, and proposed managerial strategies to overcome them. Managers generally expressed interest and enthusiasm about the topic but also pointed out challenges in implementing a pet-friendly strategy due to the limited number of empirical studies demonstrating its benefits. The second study’s findings indicated that pet-friendly practices positively impacted employees' work engagement and well-being by fulfilling their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Originality Overall, Portugal is seen as having a conservative culture, which slows the dissemination and implementation of these measures. To overcome these challenges, several managerial recommendations have been proposed. Raising awareness and fostering discussion on the topic are crucial steps toward integrating pet-friendly policies into human resources management.

Background: Mattering is the perception of being important to other people and it can play an important role in women’s experience during the postpartum period. This study aims to validate the General Mattering Scale (GMS) to the Portuguese population in a sample of postpartum women and to assess its psychometric characteristics. Method: A total of 532 women in the postpartum period completed an online survey. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the one-factor structure of the GMS. Results: The unidimensional structure of the GMS was confirmed. This instrument had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of .87). General mattering was negatively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and it was positively correlated with self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the Portuguese version of the GMS is a reliable, valid and adequate measure of general mattering among Portuguese postpartum women.

Son pocas las investigaciones sobre abandono universitario que ahondan en cómo la salud mental y la adaptación universitaria influyen en este fenómeno. Mientras la adaptación universitaria se posiciona como una variable clave en modelos clásicos y actuales de abandono, la salud mental ha recibido menos atención por parte de la literatura científica especializada. Sin embargo, se han reportado altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión entre el alumnado universitario que pueden repercutir en el éxito académico. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo profundizar en la relación entre la intención de abandono universitario y la salud mental, medida en términos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, así como estudiar el efecto moderador de la adaptación universitaria sobre dicha relación. Se empleó un muestreo intencional en el que participaron 581 universitarios españoles (mujeres y varones) y se realizaron tablas de contingencia y análisis de pendiente simple con el paquete estadístico SPSS y Jamovi. Los resultados reflejan que más del 20 % de los estudiantes refieren síntomas severos de estrés, ansiedad y/o depresión, percibiendo aquellos con intención de abandono puntuaciones más altas. Además, se encuentra un efecto de moderación positivo de la adaptación, de forma que cuanto menor es la adaptación, mayor es la influencia del estrés, ansiedad y depresión sobre la intención de abandonar los estudios. Estos hallazgos evidencian el papel protector de la adaptación sobre el abandono universitario. Así, sugieren la necesidad de aumentar los programas destinados a favorecer la adaptación universitaria, el éxito académico y reducir el abandono universitario.

In contemporary society, the internet plays a crucial role in enhancing connectivity among individuals. However, alongside its numerous advantages, the virtual realm presents challenges such as online sexual harassment, a prevalent issue characterized by offensive sexual messages. This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between online sexual harassment, personality traits, hostility, and loneliness. Conducted as descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, and quantitative research, the study involved 472 participants of Portuguese nationality. The key findings underscore the significant prevalence of online sexual harassment victimization within this sample, highlighting dark personality traits, hostility, and loneliness as interconnected factors. Consequently, this study provides valuable insights into the existing literature by shedding light on the specific dynamics among the investigated variables.

Background: As the population ages, innovative responses are urgently needed to promote physical activity at scale. Thus, this study investigated whether a step-based activity mediated by a digital solution impacts the physical functioning of community-dwelling older adults. The secondary aims were to assess whether the same activity impacts cognitive and psychosocial functioning and explore participants' views towards the activity. Methods: A mixed method, randomized, and controlled study with one group performing a step-based activity using DanceMove (recommended dosage: twice a week for 20 to 30 min for eight weeks) and the other their usual activities. DanceMove was used at the individuals' homes without any direct supervision. Clinical tests and questionnaires administered in person were used to assess participants at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. The primary outcome of interest was gait velocity. Secondary outcomes were balance, pain intensity, cognitive functioning, self-efficacy, social support, loneliness, and quality of life. Also, at the end of the intervention, a semi-structured individual interview was conducted with participants in the experimental group. Results: Seventy participants were randomized to the control (n = 37) and experimental (n = 33) groups. Of the 33 participants in the experimental group, four did not use the DanceMove at all and two used it for only 3 min. The remaining 26 participants used it for a total time over the eight weeks that varied between 15 and 991 min (mean ± SD = 306.55 ± 258.83 min). The step-based activity was not more effective than usual activities for any of the variables assessed (P > .05). Difficulties, positive and negative aspects regarding the digital solution, and reasons for not using it were identified in the interviews. Conclusions: Eight weeks of a step-based activity mediated by a digital solution did not impact the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning of community-dwelling healthy older adults. However, the activity was enjoyable and safe to be performed at home without direct supervision. Further studies are needed to explore aspects that could modulate the impact of this type of technology-mediated activity. Trial registration: The study was registered at clinialtrials.gov (NCT 05460039) before the enrolment of the first participant.

A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de responder como a psicologia analítica tem abordado o tema da sexualidade nas suas publicações científicas. O método empregado foi o de revisão integrativa de literatura, com pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados Journal of Analytical Psychology e Portal de Periódicos Capes. Na primeira, foram empregados os descritores: sexuality, analytical psychology e jungian psychology. Na segunda, foram utilizados: sexualidade, psicologia analítica e psicologia junguiana. Resultaram dessa busca oito artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos e, além deles, acrescentou-se outros trabalhos para a fundamentação teórica. Os temas identificados nos resultados foram: aspectos histórico-culturais na leitura de anima e animus; a potência do simbólico feminino na vivência da sexualidade; psicopatologia e sexualidade; e novas perspectivas arquetípicas sobre a leitura clássica de anima e animus. O estudo aponta em direção a uma revisão dos pressupostos da psicologia analítica no que tange à sexualidade, para a compreensão do seu desenvolvimento e das implicações relacionadas às expressões de gênero. Concluiu-se que o tema necessita de pesquisas que tragam entrevistas e relatos de pacientes na clínica da sexualidade em psicologia analítica para que se possa compreender os sintomas que emergem das relações de poder hegemônicas.

A revisão da literatura sugere que elevada perceção de autoeficácia está relacionada com o emprego dos estilos de gestão de conflitos que representam nível elevado ou intermédio de preocupação com os outros. Assim, o presente estudo pretende contribuir para o aumento do conhecimento sobre os estilos de gestão de conflito entre professor-aluno e sobre a autoeficácia do professor. Analisou-se ainda se as variáveis sociodemográficas e o tempo de serviço influenciam a autoeficácia do professor. A amostra é constituída por 278 professores portugueses do ensino básico e secundário com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 64 anos, aos quais foram aplicados um breve questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala Gestão de Conflito Professor-Aluno e a Escala de Autoeficácia. Os resultados sugerem que os professores com pontuações mais elevadas em autoeficácia utilizam mais os estilos “integração”, “dominação”, “submissão” e “compromisso”. Verificamos que as variáveis sociodemográficas e o tempo de serviço não influenciam significativamente a autoeficácia do professor. Esses resultados são objeto de reflexão, sendo apresentadas sugestões de investigação futura e implicações para a formação dos professores.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of body image accuracy/distortion in Brazilian men and women and to investigate sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors, and the presence of chronic diseases associated with body image distortion.Methods: Data from 6,357 men and 7,657 women participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) were collected using a multidimensional questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, heath conditions and body image perception.Results: Most participants (53.5% of the women and 54.7% of the men) were found to have an accurate self-perception of their body. When the factors associated with the perception of being heavier than reality were investigated, adopting weight loss measures and not being hypertensive proved protective against this distortion, both in women and men. Conversely, the perception of being lighter than reality was associated, in both women and men, with better education, being black or of mixed race, adopting weight loss measures and not being hypertensive or diabetic. Additional factors associated with underestimating weight were not consuming alcohol (only in women) and belonging to a lower social class (only in men).Conclusion: These findings may contribute to the implementation of public health policies and interventions to promote health and well-being in the Brazilian population.

Objective: Breast cancer is responsible for disruptive changes in women’s lives, causing them to experience diverse and intense negative emotions that can affect their perception of well-being. The present study aimed to characterize difficulties in emotion regulation (ER), according to Gratz and Roemer’s multidimensional assessment, in women with breast cancer and to relate them with General Well-Being and its different domains: Physical, Social/Familial, Emotional, and Functional.Method: Ninety-five Portuguese women with breast cancer aged between 32 and 75 years answered a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Portuguese versions of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General. Data were collected in an oncology public hospital.Results: In general, difficulties in ER presented negative correlations with General Well-Being and its domains. The multiple regression analysis findings indicated that two specific types of difficulties, Limited Access to ER Strategies and Lack of Emotional Clarity, play a significant role in predicting well-being, especially in the Emotional domain, which was most compromised in these patients.Conclusions: These difficulties should be approached within psycho-oncological interventions as they are essential contributors to improving emotional and general well-being and fostering psychological adaptation to breast cancer.

Students' approaches to online technologies (SAOLT) have garnered significant support among scholars from a variety of fields, particularly in the field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education (STEM). The humanistic field needs to explore learners' approaches to target learning contexts, especially in the fields of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and psycholinguistics. To fill this gap, the researchers explored 686 Iranian high school EFL learners' approaches to online language learning (OLL) with regard to their pedagogical, technical, and peer support, as well as the mediation role of online self-regulation. The partial least squares modeling approach's (PLS-SEM) reflective analysis validated the factorial structure of the conceptual study framework in online language learning and secondary education. The formative model found that instructional and peer support positively impacted language learners' deep and surface approaches to online language learning, thereby maximizing and minimizing their online presence and meaningful language learning. Furthermore, the mediation analysis revealed the significant moderating influence of learners' online self-regulation, which shifted the correlations from relating both learners' perceived support to their surface and deep learning approaches to only relating to the deep learning approach. Consequently, this study has pedagogical implications as it introduces a new conceptual framework to the CALL and psycholinguistic domains, specifically incorporating a new psychological factor related to language learners' complex dynamic systems, known as Language Learners' Approaches to Online Language Learning (OLLA). To do so, the researchers suggested that instructors should design more practical activities for theoretical subjects such as English language learning in online learning and shift online teaching from teacher-centered to peer-centered so as to foster their learners' deep learning approach to online language learning.

Contexto: Os estudantes universitários enfrentam processos de adaptação, sobretudo quando deslocados, o que pode resultar em dificuldades emocionais. Objetivos: O estudo visou descrever as condições de alojamento destes estudantes; comparar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stress em função de variáveis sociodemográficas e em relação à população geral; examinar associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas e os sintomas emocionais negativos; explorar diferenças nestes sintomas em função da dificuldade em encontrar alojamento e custos habitacionais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 163 estudantes que preencheram um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Questionário Sobre as Condições de Alojamento e as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21). A amostra foi não probabilística, obtida por amostragem snowball. Resultados: As mulheres reportaram níveis mais elevados de ansiedade (t(161) = 2,02; p = 0,045) e stress (t(161) = 2,77; p = 0,006), mas não de depressão (t(161) = 0,68; p = 0,497). Os estudantes deslocados apresentaram valores superiores nos sintomas emocionais negativos (EADS-21) comparativamente à população portuguesa (t(161) = 3,23; p < 0,001; t(160) = 5,76; p < 0,001; t(161) = 3,25; p < 0,001, respetivamente). Não se verificaram diferenças nos sintomas em função da dificuldade em conseguir alojamento ou dos custos habitacionais. Conclusões: Os estudantes deslocados evidenciaram significativamente mais sintomas emocionais negativos que a população geral, o que remete para a relevância de desenvolver medidas de apoio psicológico para este grupo.