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The aim: to study the peculiarities of central hemodynamics and erythrocyte parameters under the influence of extreme occupational factors in firefighters with different lifetimes in the Federal Fire Service (FPS) of the Ministry of Emergency Measures for the Tver Region. Methods: 240 firefighters (age 25-47 years) were divided into three groups depending on the length of service: 1-6, 7-15, 16-25 years. Parameters of central hemodynamics were determined at the beginning of the working day shift according to the method of tetrapolar thoracic rheography. The absolute content of red blood cells in capillary blood was counted using a blood analyzer. Special techniques were used to determine deformability of their membrane. Results: most hemodynamic parameters deviated from the statutory values in the first group in comparison with other groups. This was regarded as an imbalance between the volume-time indeces of the blood circulation and the organism's needs under conditions of extreme occupational stress. Gradual formation of an adequate hemodynamic profile was detected with an increase in the length of service. This allows us to conclude about the mobile and reactive nature of hemodynamic changes in the body. Expressed hematologic changes, manifested in a decrease in the erythrocyte membrane deformability and increase in its rigidity, were found in the third group. The observed patterns at the last stage of the service probably reflect the conservative nature of negative shifts development. Conclusion: comparison of the dynamics of physiological changes in firefighters-rescuers of three groups with different service life in the Ministry of Emergency Measures revealed the reactive nature of hemodynamic changes and the conservative nature of hematological manifestations.

240 hot papas (age 25-47 years) took part in the research. They were divided into three groups depending on the length of service: 1-6, 7-15, 16-25 years. Red blood cells parameters were examined by means of the blood analyzer "Micros-60 OT", membrane deformability and osmotic fragility were determined according to special techniques at the beginning and at the end of the daily shift. The morphometric parameters of hot papas' erythrocytes corresponded to normal values. The workload during the day did not lead to their significant shifts except anisocytosis in the group with work experience of 16-25 years. The influence of service duration on increase of red blood cell heterogeneity, a reduction in their total number and Hb level was found in the same group. At the beginning of the shift the membrane deformability and osmotic fragility in 0.45 % NaCl solution were significantly lower in all surveyed groups than in the control group. The average values of these parameters increased in all groups by end of the shift. However, the control group values were not achieved.

This review presents modern data on the biorhythms of cardiac activity in healthy individuals and pathological conditions. The article presents the changes in the indices of the cardiovascular system during the day. There are diurnal patterns in changes of heart rate. As in healthy persons and in patients suffering from arterial hypertension bimodality circadian rhythm of blood pressure was revealed. It is emphasized that circadian fluctuations in blood pressure may be associated with the participation of melatonin in the regulation of this indicator of cardiovascular activity. In healthy people circadian fluctuations of intervals duration and the height of ECG waves have been revealed. The people belonging to a certain chronotype influence diurnal variations of indicators of heart rate variability. The results of seasonal fluctuations of indicators of cardiac activity as well as the analysis of the frequency of disease recurrence in different periods of the year, the seasons and during the day are presented. The article describes research data on the effect of natural abiotic stress factors - geomagnetic disturbances on chronostructure biorhythms of the heart. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the voltage amplification of the magnetic field of the Earth have been covered. The statistical data proving connection between the heliogeomagnetic activity and an increase in the number cardiovascular accidents have been presented. Using the basic regularities of chronobiology allows us to predict the risk of developing various diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, which are the main reason of mortality in the world.

According to the classical and modern concepts the organization of functional hemispheric asymmetry is an interesting issue for different specialists. This article reviews current data on fixed and dynamic properties of the cerebral hemispheres functional specialization. The article covers the issues of functional insufficiency of hemispheric interrelations associated with some diseases, gives comparative analysis of parameters of social and psychological adaptation of individuals with one-hemisphere dominance, and presents features of lateralization of brain function in healthy males and females and those with pathology. The authors emphasize the leading role of the corpus collosum in hemispheric interrelations, reveal the features of hemispheric asymmetry of right-handed and left-handed individuals based on interaction of the cortex and the brain regulatory systems during quiet wake, dynamism and falling asleep. The article also focuses on the features of brain function lateralization of some athletes and hemispheric interrelations in different phases of desynchronosis and during organism ageing in normal and stressful ecological conditions. The authors address the issue of the relationship of pregnancy and the brain lateralization, as well as the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres with the asymmetry of the autonomic nervous system.

The article compares different authors' methods of diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia in children on the basis of phenotypic and visceral markers. The benign joint hypermobility syndrome in children of different ages in Tver was diagnosed using the Beighton method: it was detected in 71% of children under 7 years old and in 31.1% of older children. The benign joint hypermobility syndrome is typical of practically all children from 3 to 4 years old and of the majority of children from 5 to 7 years old, which indicates that increased flexibility is a physiologic standard for this age and that the Beighton method does not detect accurately the abnormality of connective tissue in children under 7 years old. 120 children have been examined for presence and severity of connective tissue dysplasia using three different ways at the same time and also using different authors' methods and diagnostic tables. The method of T.I. Cadurina detects presence of connective tissue dysplasia 1.5 times more often than the methods of T. Milkowska-Dimitrova and A. Karkashov. The results when using the method of L.N. Abbakumova are in between. The conclusion of the article shows that diagnosis of connective tissue dysplasia in children cannot be based only on identification of the benign joint hypermobility syndrome, and the methods of diagnosis of connective tissue pathology taking into account not only external but also internal markers are more accurate. Common methods of calculating frequency of connective tissue pathology in children must be applied in all regions of our country.

Personal adaptive capacity was evaluated in 248 firefighters (age 20-29 years) of the Tver region upon entering employment and after a year of service. Using the psychodiagnostic complex "Multipsikhometr-05", three indicators of psychophysiological techniques (preparedness for emergency action, plasticity and tolerance of the nervous system) were studied. It has been detected that the PAC level of all the respondents was high. The PAC level decreased significantly in 25 % of the firefighters (the risk group) and remained high in 75 % of the respondents (the main group) after a year of service. The values of preparedness for emergency action for all the firefighters were high throughout the year. The average values of plasticity of the nervous system had initial significantly lower rates in the firefighters of the risk group in comparison with the main group. After a year of service, the average values of the parameters of the techniques of plasticity and tolerance of the nervous system decreased significantly in the risk group. With the ANOVA use, it has been found that plasticity of the nervous system was the only significant PAC psychophysiological predictor. This indicator is recommended to be used in firefighters' professional selection and annual monitoring of their psychological state.

A review of data on morpho-functional features of disease course in subjects of various ethnic and race belonging in presented in the article. These features are due to genetic, cultural, socio-economic and environmental factors.

The pulmonary disease reduces all parameters of quality of life. Using a questionnaire of WHO Q0L-100, there has been performed a study of parameters of quality of life in patients with fibro-cavernous and focal forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Mean values of different areas of quality of life in patients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were 2-3 times (p ≤ 0,01) lower than those in patients with focal tuberculosis. The patients in both groups suffered morally mostly. It has been revealed that tuberculous patients with a favorable clinical prognosis had a moderate decrease in the level of well-being and satisfaction with conditions of life. The analysis of the values of the exponent falsity according to the questionnaire by V. G. Norakidze (1975) has detected that all respondents answered the proposed questions quite truthfully, as values on the scale of falsity did not exceed 6 points. The results of the study of the parameters of the tuberculous patients’ quality of life can be used for targeted psycho-social rehabilitation with regard to the form of the disease.