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This article presents a 2-year study on how quickly Texas library staff members greeted a library patron after eye contact. Results from 140 library visits found a mean of nearly 4 min, but a mean of 9 s after removing outliers. The study also calculated the perceived customer value by measuring the service, quality, image, and price of the customer service experience. Findings suggest that each patron/staff interaction may alter a patron's perceived Return on Investment (ROI). Given libraries are primarily supported by tax dollars, poor patron service experiences may impact the perceived values of library programs and services, jeopardizing future funding. The article highlights the importance for libraries to retain satisfied employees and build trust within their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates caregivers' perceptions of the benefits of library visits in relation to preschool children's learning and development. Reasons and benefits for attending libraries and storytimes, which were reported in previous research, are synthesized. Caregivers in Taiwan who visited public libraries in August 2019 (before COVID-19) with their newborn to 8-year-old children were asked one open-ended question in the context of a library user satisfaction survey. In total, 405 responses were gathered and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Three main benefits were identified related to education, socialization, and enjoyment, in line with prior studies; however, participants expressed their reasons with depth and clarity. The findings show that caregivers have positive perceptions toward public libraries and value public libraries for supporting preschool children's learning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries with multilingual communities should provide adequate access to multilingual resources to meet the needs of community members. Few previous studies have addressed online access to multilingual collections of public libraries that serve multilingual communities. This article highlights challenges in supporting multilingual users on public library websites that have multilingual users by asking what factors are involved, how the problems will eventually be solved, and what features will be needed in website design and indexing to enhance multilingual support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Makerspaces are now a common feature in many public libraries in the United States. However, there has been little research into how these spaces function for adults with disabilities. In this study, qualitative data were collected from patrons with disabilities and public librarians through online focus groups, interviews, and an online survey to address this gap in knowledge. Findings speak to the needs of a significant subset of public library patrons, describe current practices in public library makerspaces, and suggest areas for implementing more inclusive practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise in numbers of people experiencing homelessness in our cities, towns and regions, public libraries are seeing an increase in visits from members of this community. Public library staff are increasingly required to assist and work with people experiencing homelessness, often with little training and without the guidance of policy documents to advise them. This article reports on a survey of Australian public library staff who were asked about their experiences in, and attitudes toward working with this community. The article finds public library staff are frequently working with people experiencing homelessness. Although library staff largely believe working with this community is part of their role, they also report feeling unsafe at work, and a belief that the presence of people experiencing homelessness in libraries can be detrimental to other library users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interlibrary Loan (ILL) service allows users to borrow materials from other libraries, whether physical or electronic. We sought to explore the usage and preferences of ILL service among users of a county-wide public library system in Tennessee. The survey consisted of questions pertaining to the frequency of ILL usage, the types of materials requested, and overall satisfaction with the service. Our findings show which aspects of ILL users find beneficial, as well as any shortcomings that could be addressed. Overall, those who utilized ILL service found it very valuable, would recommend it to others and expressed satisfaction with their experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research responds to calls to further our understanding of exhibitions in the library context by exploring the significance of a commemorative exhibition staged in a public library. Employing a qualitative methodology, it centers on the 'Goodbye Dublin: The War of Independence in the City' commemorative exhibition, staged by Dublin City Pearse Street Library, between August 14th and October 31st, 2019. The findings show that the commemorative nature of the exhibition appealed to a variety of new, lapsed and frequent library users, connecting with Irish and non-Irish residents, as well as tourists visiting the city. In this regard, the exhibition was effective in its objective of appealing to a new and wide-ranging audience, however, the findings underline the need for more diverse and varied marketing, if this aim is to be entirely successful. The staging of the exhibition as an active authoring and articulation of the past by the library is highlighted, and the use of multimedia is seen to transform the library into an emotionally charged, dynamic, and multisensory space. This facilitates an immersive encounter, involving interplays between the exhibition narratives and visitors' personal memories and interests. This offers different ways for visitors to engage with the library, inspiring them to find new meanings, explore issues of personal, collective and national identities, and to reassess contemporary events. Overall, the research makes an important contribution by highlighting the complexity and importance of commemorative exhibitions in the context of public libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Libraries in the UK have evolved from traditional book-lending institutions into dynamic community hubs, This study aims to explore the potential of libraries to act as community hubs to promote mental and physical health and wellbeing of community-dwelling adults, drawing on insights from both library users and library staff in England. Design: A mixed-method, cross-sectional study using online survey and interviews with community-dwelling adults and library staff. Methods: We collected data using a 14-item electronic survey and interviews with library users and staff to gauge perceptions. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to identify key trends and emergent themes. Results: We included 605 respondents from the survey and interviewed 12 library users and staff. Libraries remain popular and are considered a 'safe place by members of the community, regardless of their frequency of service usage irrespective of whether they are frequent users of services. However, a lack of awareness among library users about community-facing services could act as a hurdle to improving community health and wellbeing. Targeted engagement with residents is needed to increase awareness of libraries' services, including community interventions to help tackle loneliness and inequalities in digital and health literacy. Library staff often did not feel involved in important decision-making. Various barriers, drivers and practical recommendations were identified to leverage libraries as hubs to promote community health and wellbeing. Conclusion: Libraries already offer a variety of resources that directly or indirectly support the health and wellbeing of community-dwelling adults and young people. However, public awareness of these services is limited. As we navigate post-pandemic recovery, libraries can serve as platforms for community engagement, fostering resilience, mental health support and reducing social isolation. Recognising libraries' untapped potential can lead to healthier communities and improved wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent semi-structured interviews with 28 librarians and branch managers on the placement of social workers in public libraries revealed a need for library and information science (LIS) programs to better prepare students for their role as social service information providers and to provide models for working with and supervising social workers in the library. It is clear that libraries are experiencing increasing demands to respond to the social-service information needs that users bring to the library, and the importance of libraries to communities in times of uncertainty and crisis is clear. In response, some libraries are including social workers on staff, but this trend does not completely relieve librarians of the need to serve the public's social-service information needs. LIS students need to understand the professional boundaries of librarianship and social work and to develop the ability to feel confident in their interactions with users who have been traumatized, are in crisis, or are struggling with challenges such as the need for credible health information; home and food insecurity information; legal aid; access to the Internet for individuals and families from low-income situations; accessible adult education programs; and more. Interview participants offered a number of suggestions for how to incorporate social work concepts into LIS education and asked for several specific skills such as training in mental-health first aid, de-escalation techniques, and greater knowledge of social-service resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has been conducted to identify and rank factors affecting customer loyalty in public libraries in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) for the data type. In the first step, 45 articles on library customers' loyalty were selected and analyzed purposefully using the meta-synthesis method. Then, based on the experts' opinions and the analysis of the research findings, two factors, ten concepts, and 50 codes were identified, and their validity was confirmed using the Kappa-Kaufman test. In the second step, the weight and the ranking of the identified factors were determined by presenting a questionnaire to the experts and using Shannon's entropy method. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part consisted of 52 specialists in the field of public libraries, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Intra-library factors (human resources, service quality, physical space and environment, complaint handling, technical resources and facilities, electronic access, and communication) and external factors (mental image or impression, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction) were identified as factors affecting the loyalty of public library customers. In addition, the results obtained through Shannon's entropy show that human resources, with a weight of 0.13, and mental impression, with a weight of 0.11, are ranked first and second. Moreover, perceived usefulness, technical resources and facilities, physical environment, and satisfaction were ranked third to sixth with a slight difference, with an approximate weight of 0.10. Electronic access, with a weight of 0.9, service quality, with a weight of 0.9. Complaint handling, with a weight of 0.7, and communication, with a weight of 0.6, were ranked seventh to tenth, respectively. The cultivation of customer loyalty in public libraries needs to improve the parameters and factors affecting it, and by prioritizing the most influential factors, customer loyalty will be promoted. The main goal of customer loyalty at public libraries can be achieved by recognizing and reinforcing factors that are essential in the enhancement of customer loyalty, such as growing the specialized, technical, and personal skills of the library staff, improving the social image of the library, providing valuable services for customers, presenting diverse and up-to-date information resources for all groups of society, observing standards in the library design and architecture, providing different electronic resources and types of information, having access to authentic scientific databases, and resolving customer complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries are increasingly trying to meet patrons' psychosocial needs, in response to shifting demographics and the changing requests of their users. These psychosocial needs include assistance with or referrals for mental health or substance misuse, physical health problems, or basic needs such as housing or financial assistance. In many cases, needs assessments are conducted before libraries begin to address psychosocial needs of patrons. Limitations of existing needs assessments include only surveying staff instead of patrons, asking about only specific needs like housing or mental health-related needs, or surveying community members who may not be actual library users. The current study fills a gap in the literature by surveying a large sample of public library patrons about their broadly defined self-identified needs and suggestions for the library to better meet their needs. Implications for public libraries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has transformed how social institutions, including public libraries, are able to engage with and support their communities. Whereas previous disaster scenarios have allowed public libraries to be physically open and library staff to be present to connect with patrons, physical distancing mandates associated with COVID-19 safety measures have introduced new challenges for both staff and patrons. While extant COVID-19–focused public library research has analyzed library-produced digital content or statements, we examined the ways in which 218 Canadian newspaper stories framed public library responses to COVID-19. Using frame analysis, we identified three media frames: (re)negotiating the library's space, (re)configuring the library's roles, and (re)constructing "others." These media frames highlight the changes that COVID-19 has effected in public library roles and spaces and how these roles and spaces are differently interpreted for different library patrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a community hub, libraries and their patrons were impacted by the social distancing, closures, and health-related restrictions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored one library system's changing needs during the pandemic, both from the patrons' point of view as well as from the perspective of library staff. A number of themes are identified, which can assist library administrators with adjusting to the needs of their constituents post-pandemic and inform future resource planning in library systems. Implications and limitations are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Book banning predates the United States and has survived and thrived in a splintered twenty-first century political climate. As the fight for the minds of the public continues, state and local governments have ramped up their efforts to ban books in public and school libraries. Public libraries, as limited public forums, must ensure their restrictions on access to information are reasonable and viewpoint neutral. School libraries receive some reprieve under a slightly more deferential Pico test. However, e-book services present a unique set of challenges. Also known as digital libraries, e-book services provide digital access to thousands of books, magazines, and other titles. Frequently, libraries will contract with e-book services, allowing library patrons access to titles beyond what libraries have in physical copy. However, a number of conservative states are attempting to restrict e-book services via legislation or blanket suspensions. This Note aims to make sense of e-book services and book banning against the backdrop of the First Amendment. Part I argues e-book services should be considered extensions of public libraries and public school libraries. It draws analogies from other, more established areas of law to propose e-book services are a part of the library under a nexus theory or another theory of government reliance. Part II argues banning or suspending a full e-book service is comparable to banning or suspending access to a whole section of the library to target one book--a violation of the First Amendment because it is politically motivated viewpoint discrimination. E-book services severely complicate First Amendment doctrine regarding book banning. This Note attempts to clarify the intersection between this new technology and longstanding Supreme Court precedent dictating state officials' right to ban books and patrons' right to read them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the role of public libraries in bridging the digital divide in the Kerala State Central library (KSCL), Thiruvananthapuram. The study employed a descriptive survey method using a structured questionnaire distributed among library users. It discussed the use of ICT and internet services in the library, the purpose of using the internet, digital services, e-governance services, e-resources provided by the library and factors that cause the digital divide. The findings revealed that the majority of the users are not aware of ICT (47.0 %) and internet services (39.4%) provided by the library. The users preferred photocopy (43.2 %) and OPAC (31.8 %) services. The library users access the internet for education, reading news, and employment purposes, and mostly use computers to access e-journals and e-books provided by the library (52.2 %). M-governance (12.8 %) and E-district (12.0 %), were the most frequently used e-governance information services provided by the library. The users opined the primary factors that causes digital divide are lack of ICT skills and illiteracy. Non-parametric test showed the significant differences between the purpose of internet usage and the place of living, as well as the factors driving the digital divide. Public library services are essential for common people to overcome the digital gap and the library can bring new technologies to reduce the digital gap of public users and can assist them in getting education, employment, and government services. The respondents suggested that the library should conduct user awareness program about emerging technologies and orientation for users to familiarise the services provided by the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate barriers faced by Pakistani university libraries to implement digital preservation programs. A questionnaire was developed and pilot tested before being sent to 70 libraries of the public sector universities and degree awarding institutions to measure the phenomena. Out of the targeted 70 libraries, 63 responded to the survey (90 % response rate). The results highlighted that a lack of institutional/national policies, financial and technological resources, and administrative support are key barriers that hinder the implementation of digital preservation practices in Pakistani university libraries. The findings of this novel study emphasize devising a national policy for digital preservation in Pakistan. Results point out key barriers to digital preservation and help designing knowledge-based systems in order to meet information and knowledge needs of library users around the clock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the complaints made on the sikayetvar.com portal about libraries and library services in Turkey from different aspects, taking into account the complaint mechanism, which is becoming more important every day in determining customer perception in almost all sectors. Method: Content analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. The data of the study were collected through the sikayetvar.com portal. In this context, 1,256 entries with the expression "library" on the portal between June 2017 and May 2022 were examined. As a result of the preliminary evaluation, 493 entries that were determined to be suitable for the research scope were included. Data analysis was done with the MAXQDA qualitative research program. Findings: As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that most of the complaints were made to the municipal libraries. The complaints were then categorized under the headings of "others", "university library", "public library", "school library" and "national library." Complaints are classified under the title of each library type, with sub-themes under the main themes created as personnel, services, management, physical conditions, and external factors. Implications: While the intensity of the complaints about the libraries reveals some negativities towards the services more clearly, it also points to the existence of the user group who have expectations from the library management, who are interested and demand improvement in services. As a result of the research, it was determined that most of the complaints were about the attitudes and behaviors of the library staff (%16). The complaint texts also reveal the conclusion that users turn to the online platform because they could not get any results because of the complaints they made directly to the relevant institution before filing a complaint online. In addition, a limited number of new service requests and the feedback of institutions in the form of information and response to complaints were determined in the research. Originality: There are various studies on user satisfaction in the literature. The most basic feature that makes this research different from previous studies is that all the complaints examined are based on real events experienced by library users and conveyed by their own words, and complaints made in the online environment, which is becoming more effective and a priority in the complaint mechanism day by day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aimed to cultivate library patrons' interest in earth and space science, using research on how situations can trigger and support interest to deepen across time. The project featured a dynamic but low-tech library display that showcased thematic content to help patrons realize and develop their interest in earth and space science topics. Patrons engaged with and returned regularly to the display, which predicted their participation in additional activities outside of viewing the display, indicating deepening interest. This approach uses a passive program to help libraries build patrons' interest in accessing science resources and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the researchers and librarians paid attention to children and adults, they have not recognized adolescents as a special category as library users till recent times. The researchers have emphasized that teen library users have special requirements in addition to conventional ones. Basically, they expect the libraries to act as an Information Gateway as well as acting as a provider of information and information access from the internet and database access to book circulation and reference services etc. They expect the library to act as a Social Interaction or Entertainment Space with a special area assigned to them to meet with each other and do group activities. Since the teens are expected to be prepared for future employment, the libraries should act as a Beneficial Physical Environment by providing information and training for jobs and skills development. To fulfil these requirements, the researchers suggest a collaboration between school and public libraries, since both cater for the same group of clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the opinions of the librarians of Semnan public libraries on information consulting and examine the feasibility and requirements of setting up information consulting services (ICSs) in public libraries, which has become even more important during the coronavirus pandemic. The present study adopted a survey method using the interview technique. The research population included all librarians of Semnan public libraries. The findings showed that more than 75% of the librarians of Semnan public libraries were willing to set up the ICSs in the public library. Librarians of Semnan public libraries believed that specialized human resources hardware and software facilities and funding are required to set up the ICSs in public libraries. knowledge and skills, personality traits, and communication and public relations techniques are mentioned as the characteristics of information consultants. According to the librarians, the ICSs increase the users of libraries, improve library services, provide job satisfaction for librarians, and increase income for the library. They considered these factors as the top benefits of setting up information consulting. Given the willingness of young librarians with less experience, who are educated in Library and Information Science (LIS), to set up the ICSs in Semnan public libraries, they have the potential to provide ICSs in libraries by setting up an information consulting desk. Training of these librarians can provide the necessary basis for setting up the ICSs and information consulting clinics, promoting the position of the LIS field in the community, and leading to the employment market for graduates of LIS. This is the first study on public libraries in Iran. The importance of the subject can be a prelude to launching information consulting services in Iranian public libraries during the coronavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how the notion of participation informs policy documents in a public library context. Library users are expected to manage on their own, to a large extent, as society calls for self-governing, active subjects who are willing to participate. To explore this notion of participation, we utilize the concept of problematization and analyze policy documents regarding the public libraries of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Malmö, Sweden. Although all of the documents are concerned with participation and user involvement, they have different points of departure and call upon different rationalities. Whereas the outlined policies of the Malmö libraries problematize social inclusion, the Copenhagen libraries primarily problematize inefficiency. Despite this contrast, increased participation seems to be the proposed solution in the policy documents of both cities. An analysis of these documents shows the complex and sometimes contradictory meaning of the concept of participation, depending on which rationality is put into play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the programs offered by Danish public libraries have increased in both number and variety, leading to difficulties defining and assessing such programs in a way that encompasses their complexity. To enrich future research and assessments of public library programs, this article presents an empirically based and textually grounded analytical model. Building on prior work collecting more than 2,500 Facebook events announcing public library programs, this article presents the analysis of these textual data. Inspired by grounded theory coding, the content of the Facebook events is categorized in terms of format, content, and role and function. As a result, an analytical model is developed. In light of the analysis, it is argued that public library programs exist between the library collections and the connections they foster. As such, they are an intriguing part of understanding the role and function of public libraries today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steven Bell's "Academic Librarians' C-Word Problem" recommends that to improve customer service academic librarians like public librarians call their users "customers." This column argues that academic library users should not be called customers for a variety of reasons. Primarily, the goals of public and academic libraries differ. Public libraries seek to discover their users' wants and meet them. Academic libraries, in contrast, aim to teach and support their users' educational growth. Calling an academic library patron a customer implies that individual wants can take precedence over educational needs and that students should have influence over classroom instruction and curricular content. Steven Bell and I agree on the importance of customer service, but I believe that it is defined differently in public and academic libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical data contributes to strategic planning, creation and maintenance of a library. Such data is critical to the library's collection development decisions. This study investigated the extent to which Rössing Foundation libraries use statistical data for decision-making. The objectives of the study were to establish how Rössing Foundation libraries analyse statistical data, to find out if the statistical data is used for the libraries' management, to determine the extent to which the statistics relate to collection development, to find out if there are any challenges in the use of statistics at Rössing Foundation libraries, and to come up with solutions to the challenges. The study used a case study design and employed a qualitative research approach to collect data from library staff of two libraries within the Rössing Foundation. The target population consisted of 10 library staff and six librarians were selected through purposive sampling. The researchers collected data in two phases through face-to-face interviews. The first phase covered three librarians who were interviewed before the COVID-19 pandemic and the second phase covered the same number who were interviewed after the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of six librarians were interviewed. The findings revealed that the librarians at the two Rössing Foundation libraries in Swakopmund and Arandis were not qualified, and they lacked information and communication technology (ICT) skills. This posed a challenge in compiling reports. Moreover, some library patrons did not follow library procedures. The study was limited to two Rössing Foundation libraries in Arandis and Swakopmund, which are the only public libraries in Erongo region. Although the results from the study may not be generalised to other public libraries in the country, they draw attention to the need for public libraries to document accurate and reliable statistics for decision-making. The results will inform policy at national level. The major recommendation from this study was that Rössing Foundation should hire more librarians with skills and knowledge required to collect and analyse library statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the gap between decreased budgetary allocation and the need to sustain free and improved quality public library services continues to increase, librarians are expected to think more innovatively about how to bridge this gap while ensuring the notion of free public library services is not compromised. This study aimed to investigate revenue mobilization and the sustainability of free public library services in Ghana. The study adopts a multiple case study approach, exploiting the advantages of the use of a combination of varied data collection techniques using 3 Regional Public libraries in Ghana to enhance representativeness. The data was collected from some major stakeholders, including Head Librarians, library staff and patrons of public libraries using questionnaires and qualitative interview sessions. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed in selecting respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and thematic analysis were deployed as analytical tools to examine the data. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers conclude that the challenge is in tracking down the elusive mix of fee-based services that deliver more than they take away. We therefore, admonish that those who still preach against fee-based services on moral grounds accept the reality that seeking alternative funding (beyond government's subventions) to sustain public library services has become a Hobson's choice to most public librarians. Recommendations are also proffered in mitigating the present challenges affecting service delivery in public libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to gauge how much, and why, people value visiting public libraries by asking them about the impact of the library closures. A questionnaire survey was administered to users of four library networks in New South Wales, Australia. About 19% of 1,295 respondents missed their library "a great deal," another 28% "quite a lot." Most commonly respondents missed browsing the shelves, taking children for visits, studying, reading, and socializing there. They also missed the quiet, relaxing, and friendly environment, and the resources provided. For many, the closures impacted their lives in a critical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Stony Brook Medicine Healthy Libraries Program (HeLP) is an interprofessional team-based experiential learning opportunity for health professional students. University faculty members in the fields of nursing, public health, social work, and library science collaborated with four suburban public library directors to design, implement, and evaluate a team-based interprofessional service-learning experience, in which supervised students engaged in health monitoring and promotion in the library setting. Participating students were enrolled in either a semester-long population health course (n = 16), a Master of Social Work fieldwork internship (n = 2), a Master of Library Science internship (n = 1), or a Master of Public Health practicum (n = 2). HeLP faculty educated students on content, library culture, communication, professional roles/responsibilities, and documentation using standardized data collection tools. Concurrently, the interprofessional student teams delivered resources to patrons 1 day a week, with alternating locations, for a minimum of 2 hours per visit over the course of 6 weeks. HeLP provided students with an opportunity to apply core competencies based on the Interprofessional Education Collaborative. The team-based approach fostered interprofessional learning, as students worked together to assist library patrons on health and social needs. Throughout the program's duration, students documented the type of resources provided, the types of encounters between team members, and the number of referrals. Student learning was assessed after program completion using three open-ended reflection questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is discussing on the social media contributions toward service quality of the academic libraries. Everyone aware that social media has become an operative information distribution tool which involves minimal effort in order to be operated by libraries for marketing their informational resources and cultural efforts. Social media is now considered as an emerging occurrence in giving overview about a product. Not only to business, but librarians nowadays recognized the significance of social media in the libraries and information centres. Despite of lack of allocation on budget and resources, librarians still need to strive to meet up with the anticipation of their users in terms of providing their ever-changing needs. With the fact that there are abundances of information which is easily accessible on the internet, libraries should optimize the power of social media in order to give room for interactive communication with the library users and public in an online environment. Furthermore, social media has the potential of improving the image of the library and improving the users experience. The use of social media in library address greater library promotion programs, engaging and increased involvement of the users in library activities besides enhancing the library community building. The objective of this study is mainly to determine the reliability of social media toward service quality in libraries. A quantitative approach was employed in both data collection and data analysis. The study population is made up of the students of the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2022, the sixth edition of the ISO 2789. Information and documentation. International library statistics standard was published, replacing ISO 2789:2013. This text analyzes the novelties introduced in this new version, which principally have to do with digital resources and services and with the incorporation of data on research support, as well as other aspects. The standard maintains practically the same structure as the previous edition, although the incorporation of an annex regarding the measurement of digital uses is emphasized. Numerous definitions reflecting the new reality of libraries are also added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The research was undertaken to explore the role of the UK public library as a public sphere and the ways in which this role relates to the epistemic, community and political functions of public libraries. Design/methodology/approach: A longitudinal, multi-location focus group approach was developed and deployed in three phases. Data were collected from 53 active public library users in a total of 24 focus groups conducted in eight different public library services in England and Scotland in 2015–2016 (Phase 1), 2016–17 (Phase 2) and 2017–18 (Phase 3). Data collected were transcribed and coded using NVivo 10- for thematic analysis. Findings: The public library's role as public sphere aligns closely with its epistemic functions, adding a dimension to information services provision beyond access to "traditional" print and online sources. New information and knowledge emerge through the person-to-person interactions in public library space. Through such exchanges, the community function of public libraries is made evident, notably as a platform for citizens to participate actively in society, including its democratic processes. Originality/value: Unlike much extant prior work on public library value dominated with accounts of societal and/or economic impact, w hich is frequently based on the analysis of quantitative data, here the fundamental epistemic value of public library services is demonstrated. This research also adds an important perspective to the domain of Information Society Studies where, to date, the place of the public library as public sphere has been treated as peripheral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This paper aims to consider the concept and perception of digital transformation on the example of the Bogdan Ogrizović Library and Reading Room in Zagreb, which represents one of the key focal points of the social and cultural life of the city of Zagreb. Approach/methodology/design. The paper presents the results of a research conducted using a quantitative research method with the help of a survey on a convenient sample of respondents. Results. The conducted research has confirmed the hypothesis that the users perceive changes in the library's services and holdings caused by the changes in information and communication technology, which is one of the manifestations and tools of digital transformation with regard to library's operations and the users' perception of the library. More than half of the respondents stated that they perceive the library equally in terms of library materials, space, and services. In each of these categories, the respondents perceive the library most through library materials, then somewhat less as a space, and least through services. The users see the library of the near future as an institution that provides a combined service: in digital and paper format, which indicates a balanced approach to library development and implies that the digital sphere will not abolish the paper one, at least not in the near future. The librarians are also expected to possess not only the professional knowledge, but also communication and IT skills. In general, the respondents are aware of the existing changes in the library, but they expect additional changes, new contents and services in the digital form. Limitations. The results of the research are limited by the number of respondents and the sample and cannot be generalized to the entire population of users of the City of Zagreb Library network (which also includes the Bogdan Ogrizović Library and Reading Room). Despite this fact, the research results are an important indicator of changes in public libraries under the influence of information and communication technology, which requires continuous research. Practical application. The results of the research can be applied when creating strategic and operational (annual) work plans of the public library where the research was conducted, as well as in other public libraries. Social significance. The results of the conducted research provide an insight into the work of one of the most popular public libraries in Zagreb, which contributes to better knowledge of the work of public libraries in general and their greater visibility in society. Originality/value. The paper presents the original results of the research on public library users in a period of great economic and social changes in which libraries also participate by (digitally) transforming their services, thus trying to attract new users, primarily the younger generation who are increasingly oriented towards digital media on the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the roles of the public library in promoting reading culture in Rwanda. Case study research design was used, with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected using the triangulation method employing questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Quantitative data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office 2010. Thematic method of analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study findings indicate that the public library was being used by most library users for reading. Whereby, the majority utilized the library for the purposes of gaining knowledge and relaxation. Additionally, the results show that most of the respondents spend more than one hour in the library reading. The findings also show that most of the library users have habits of visiting the library on a weekly basis. Furthermore, the findings show that the major factors that hinder library users from reading in the library included long distances to reach the public library, financial constraints, and addiction to watching Television and other viewing gadgets. Generally, the study concludes that public library helps to promote the reading culture among library users despite the factors that hinder effective reading culture. Thus, the study calls for library management to establish several branches of public libraries or mobile public libraries so that library users will not need to travel a long distance to find a public library. Moreover, the public library should make sure that it equips with reading materials that have titles that relate to users' needs but also with the language that is familiar to most of its users. Furthermore, reading materials that are received as gifts or donations should be aligned with the collection management policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of digital technologies in libraries represents a transformative move in the way information is accessed, disseminated, and preserved. The main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of digital technologies on resources and services of public libraries in Anambra and Imo States, and five specific objectives were formed to guide the study. Survey method was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprises of all the library staff both professional and para-professional staff of Anambra state and Imo state public library board (Headquarters) and there are fifty-eight (58) in number. The entire fifty-eight (58) was used as sample size, census enumeration was adopted. The instrument for data collection for the study was the four point modified likert rating scale. The researcher administered the questionnaires through the help of research assistant. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics for calculating the mean. Mean score above the expected or criterion mean of 2.5 was accepted while those below the value were rejected. Diffusion of Innovations Theory by Everett Rogers (1962), guided the study. The findings of the study revealed that the overall digital awareness, as indicated by the grand mean, is moderate, with a score of approximately 1.82 and that the extent of digital integration in the two public libraries is on low extent. The study recommends that that effort should be made to enhance awareness and access to online cataloging, digital lending, and library websites/apps to improve the overall digital literacy and engagement of library users. This may include conducting targeted outreach and educational programs to inform users about these services and their benefits. The library should consider investing in improving its computer facilities for public use, ensuring that patrons have access to up-to-date and well-maintained computers and internet connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's technological world, information literacy has become essential, which involves the effective and ethical identification, access, evaluation, and utilization of information. Public libraries are significant contributors to the promotion of information literacy, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan, where information access is limited. The aim of study is to identify effects and role of information literacy in public libraries of Pakistan, identify the issues and challenges faced by libraries, and propose recommendations assess in the improvisation of in literacy programs. This study based on, primary, secondary and tertiary data and information was collected from different information sources such as research article, websites, books, ejournals etc. The outcomes of the research are Public libraries in Pakistan do not offer standardized information literacy programs. Students are the main users of public libraries in Pakistan, followed by instructors and researchers. The majority of Pakistani public libraries have modest digital resource holdings. Pakistan's public libraries are not effectively utilizing technology to advance information literacy. Basic computer skills and information searches are the main topics covered in Pakistani public libraries' information literacy programs. There is a need to create more thorough information literacy courses that encompass research techniques, critical thinking, and online behavior. Promoting information literacy in Pakistan is significantly hampered by the absence of skilled workers in public libraries. To increase information literacy, public libraries in Pakistan must work with schools and universities. Furthermore these findings may prove helpful in promoting information literacy programs in Pakistan's public libraries. Furthermore, the suggestions could help policymakers, library professionals, and educators in creating and implementing effective strategies that cater to the diverse population of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study examined the Shah Abdul Latif Public Library in Shahdadpur, Sindh, Pakistan, with the aim of understanding its features, resources, services, and knowledge dissemination and community engagement. The study used mixed-method approach and collected data was presented in simple tables and charts. Research provided comprehensive description with aim of rules and regulations of library and the literature review explored the significance of public libraries as information centers and their role in community engagement and lifelong learning. The historical background of library may provide the understanding of basic foundation of public libraries in Pakistani cities, like Shahdadpur. During the study data was gathered with deep unbiased based observations and also conducted insights from face-to-face interviews with library staff, including librarian Asadullah Talpur, and also used open ended questionnaire, to understand the library's operations, challenges, and community initiatives. On-site observations assessed the library's physical layout, facilities, and usage patterns. The findings contribute to the existing literature and provide a comprehensive description of the Shah Abdul Latif Public Library. This research revealed the library's available resources and lacking in the services including books and digital materials, availability of technological equipments within library that support users to update from 21st century skills and services such as literacy programs facilities that was provided to the community members in different kind events. The findings and recommendations may prove to assist library staff in improvisation of library services and facilities and also assist other libraries to overcome the challenges faced by library professionals and user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, individuals tend to seek information about various entities through online platforms where other people share their experiences. Google Maps is one such platform that enables users to rate and review anything, including public libraries. This study aims to investigate the manner in which users of the SPS library utilize Google Maps to express their opinions about the library's services and amenities. This study utilized Google Maps as a source of data, with a data extractor being used to extract reviews. The extracted reviews were then subjected to content analysis to categorize them into different categories. Following this, a sentiment analysis was conducted to identify positive, negative, and neutral opinions about the library. The study found that users of SPS library utilized Google Maps to express their opinions about the library, with most of the reviews coming from local guides. Out of the 220 comments obtained, facilities and general aspects of the library received the most attention. Of these comments, 56% were positive, 26% were negative, and 18% were neutral. The staff and technology were the most criticized categories. None of the reviews received a response from the library authority. The study concludes that the library should actively monitor user reviews on Google Maps and other online platforms to improve their services and facilities. By doing so, the library can enhance user satisfaction and maintain a good reputation in the eyes of its users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The part of self-efficacy in diverse tasks and learning environment has mainly been emphasized, exclusively in searching for information by the distance learners. The study conducted survey with the distance students of Bangalore University forms the subject matter of this research. Questionnaires were distributed personally during the contact classes at the study centers and postgraduate departments of the university and was able to retrieve maximum quantity i.e., 1445 (93.22%) of the filled in questionnaires from the distributed 1550 questionnaires of the sample population. The Major objective of the study is to identify the needs and address the behavioural pattern of distance learners of this university in connection with information searching, locating and using relevant information from institutional libraries and on the internet for their specific learning and educational needs. Formal and informal sources of information including electronic resources which were utilized by distance learners, the preferred format and also the barriers in seeking required information etc., are identified and examined and the factors that influence seeking information, such as gender, course of study and place of residence are analyzed in this study. It is observed from the study that there were more males i.e., 829 (57.40%) of the 1445 respondents and 616 (42.6%) were females. The results of the survey showed that 1166 (80.7%) of the respondents lived in the urban areas and 279 (19.3%) residing in the rural areas. It is found out from the study that majority of these students are occasional library users and visited the libraries more often during the contact classes. Accordingly, access to information was very much limited, public libraries had considerable impact on the achievement of such students as the results showed that 600 (41.50%) students strongly agree that public library is very much important. Internet was also used as one of the chief information sources as 1318 (91.20%) students daily used it for educational and other related activities. Distance learners' age, educational qualification and the location of residence seem to have an influence on their information seeking behaviour given that first year undergraduate students have a tendency to start with the study materials provided by the university, while older students depend more on library than on the study materials provided by the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to understand library users' opinions, attitudes, and needs regarding using artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries. A survey questionnaire was administered to 71 respondents from academic and public libraries throughout the region. This survey examined a range of topics related to AI use in libraries, such as its perceived benefits and drawbacks; ethical and privacy considerations; user demographics; and factors influencing user adoption of and satisfaction with AI-powered services. The survey results revealed a generally positive attitude toward AI use in libraries. However, concerns were raised regarding such decisions' privacy and ethical ramifications. Libraries must consider user needs and expectations when implementing and managing AI-powered systems. At the same time, further research is necessary to explore different topics related to this emerging technology field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study highlights the roles of public libraries in the socio-economic development of rural areas in the digital age with special reference to the Government District Library - Ahwa. A total no. of 60 questionnaires were distributed to a library, using a survey to collect data. Out of which 45 users gave their responses. The study found that all respondents indicated that they were using the public library for reading purposes. Followed by 75.56% respondents to prepare competitive exams, 71.11% to improve general knowledge, and very few users using the library for other purposes. The majority 53.33% of users had excellent opinions about the information resources and services available in the public library. The result shows the views of the various users on the benefits of the library for their development. In which the highest 71.11% respondents reported that their general knowledge has increased and very few 28.89% respondents reported their social and cultural values related information has increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries play a crucial role in promoting the rural community development of rural areas. Information needs of rural library users (incredibly underdeveloped community people with lower income groups) are different from other library users. To review their need, a survey has been conducted on Shershabadia community at Chachanda and Loharpur Mouza, Samserganj block of Murshidabad district. A structured questionnaire is prepared to gather data from different economically behind library users. This study aims to understand the essential community information needs and knowledge-seeking patterns of Samserganj block, Murshidabad library users. Some case studies even have been incorporated to analyze their condition. The study has clearly shown that it is necessary to form a library in every rural village and make the economically underdeveloped people aware of the necessity and importance of the agricultural library. So, the government should take steps for the proper growth, recruitment, and development of rural public libraries located within the remote areas of West Bengal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to examine the emergence of Commons in the public libraries in the Free State in South Africa using the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. The study examined the roles of the libraries and communities, the linkage of the new library with open access to knowledge, level of awareness of both users, and the community and administrators. Also, the study examined the role of library users and their communities in the maintenance of the new library. The study adopted a qualitative research design to study 16 community leaders and 17 library staff using an interview schedule. The interview schedule was developed following the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, and administered by the researchers. Data analysis was conducted by a narrative approach to highlight the voices of the participants. Knowledge commons is emerging in the communities studied in a serendipitous manner; there is no formal national or regional policy that spells out what knowledge commons is and their entailments. There is strong evidence of community ownership and governance of human knowledge and other resources that are associated with learning and innovation in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]