140 results on '"Lluvia"'
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2. Composición isotópica de la precipitación en el Valle de Querétaro, México.
- Author
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González-Hita, Luis, Mejía-González, Miguel A., Carteño-Martinez, Blanca, Aparicio-González, Juan C., and Mañon-Flores, Dustin S.
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STABLE isotope analysis ,STABLE isotopes ,PHYSIOGRAPHIC provinces ,RAINFALL ,LEAST squares ,HYDROGEN evolution reactions - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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3. Environmental influence on the reproductive strategy of Helogenes marmoratus (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae) in the Amazonian streams.
- Author
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López-Rodríguez, Nathalia C., Leão, Andrews H. F., Rocha, Rossineide M., Prudente, Bruno S., and Montag, Luciano F. A.
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CATFISHES , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *LIFE history theory , *FERTILITY , *SIZE of fishes , *OVUM - Abstract
The reproductive strategy of a species must be adjusted to variations in environmental conditions to guarantee population balance. Hydrological fluctuations in Amazonian streams of terra firme (non-flooded) are controlled primarily by local rainfall. Fish assemblages are composed predominantly of species of small size. We investigated the reproductive strategy of the cryptic catfish Helogenes marmoratus and assessed the influence of environmental variables (e.g., rainfall, conductivity, habitat descriptors) on its reproductive activity in a catchment of the Guamá River in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Through monthly collections between March 2019 and March 2020, we identified an extended reproductive period between July 2019 and March 2020. Males mature at smaller sizes than females (♂ = 27.41 mm; ♀ = 31.36 mm). We confirmed batch spawning, low fecundity (59.55 ± 22.76 stage IV oocytes), and large oocytes (1.24 ± 0.15 mm). Our results indicated that H. marmoratus strategy occupies an intermediate place between opportunistic and equilibrium gradient. Multiple regressions showed that thalweg depth, electrical conductivity, leaf litter, and rainfall are important drivers of reproductive activity of females of H. marmoratus, explaining 32% of the variation of the GSI. Our study provides evidence of differentiated reproductive response between the sexes to environmental variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Trap rebuilding by Myrmeleon brasiliensis larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in response to flooding: the effect of body size.
- Author
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de Oliveira Leite, Vitor Gabriel, Aquino Florenciano, Raquel Braga, Gamarra Arguelho, Edihanne, and do Nascimento Lima, Tatiane
- Subjects
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MYRMELEON , *ANT lions , *WATERLOGGING (Soils) , *LARVAE , *FOREST reserves , *BODY size , *NEUROPTERA - Abstract
Introduction: Immature forms of the antlion Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) build traps in dry sandy soil to capture prey. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate how the waterlogging of the soil due to rain affects the trap rebuilding and relocation behavior of M. brasiliensis of different sizes. Methods: The study was conducted between July and December 2019. Larvae M. brasiliensis were observed and collected from a forest reserve in the municipality of Aquidauana in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Results: In the natural environment, most larvae rebuilt their traps in the same location seven days after the simulation of rain, with a smaller diameter than that observed prior to the simulation of rain. In the laboratory, the movements of M. brasiliensis larvae and rebuilding of the traps after the waterlogging of the soil was affected by body size. Larger larvae moved more and were more likely to rebuild their traps. Conclusions: The saturation of the soil affects the foraging of M. brasiliensis larvae, which are impeded from rebuilding their traps for a period. In situations of long periods of saturated soil, the mortality rate of the larvae is high and rebuilding of the traps occurs after the soil dries out, but with a smaller trap size. These data suggest that changes in the rainfall pattern can affect the population structure of M. brasiliensis larvae, with the selection of larger individuals in situations of more severe rains. In this process, the smaller larvae are more affected, as their foraging is impeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Aquappolis: aplicación móvil para la captación de agua de lluvia en la CDMX.
- Author
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Sánchez-Vargas, Carlos and Luis Salinas-Estévez, José
- Subjects
WATER supply ,HYDROLOGICAL stations ,RAIN gauges ,MOBILE apps ,WATER management ,WATER harvesting - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Spatial and environmental analysis of Mycobacterium avium infected dairies in Antioquia (Colombia).
- Author
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Correa, N. M., Badel, M. J., and Fernández, J. A.
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MYCOBACTERIUM avium paratuberculosis ,MYCOBACTERIUM avium ,ANIMAL herds ,CITIES & towns ,VEGETATION management ,ENVIRONMENTAL sampling ,SURFACE temperature ,DAIRY cattle - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Spatial and environmental analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis infected dairies in Antioquia (Colombia).
- Author
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Correa, N. M., Badel, M. J., and Fernández, J.
- Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM avium paratuberculosis ,MYCOBACTERIUM avium ,ANIMAL herds ,CITIES & towns ,VEGETATION management ,ENVIRONMENTAL sampling ,SURFACE temperature ,DAIRY cattle - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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8. Ciudad de agua, ciudad anfibia, ciudad de México: rescate y renaturalización de los sustratos hídricos
- Author
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Coderch Carretero, Paola
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Rainfall ,Urbanisme [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,México ,Expansión urbana ,Water ,Agua ,General Medicine ,Hydrography -- Mexico -- Mexico City ,Urban sprawl ,Hidrogafia -- Mèxic -- Mèxic ,Lluvia ,Mexico City ,Urbanisme -- Mèxic -- Mèxic ,Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,City planning -- Mexico -- Mexico City - Abstract
The search for water has always been one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Mexico City (CDMX), intimately linked to water since its foundation, is today one of the cities with the greatest water stress in the world and faces a paradox of abundance and scarcity, of cyclical floods while its inhabitants die of thirst. There are those who dream of bringing back the city’s lost ecosystem, but is it possible to recover the idea of a lake city? Rescuing Mexico City’s water substrates is possible; but, above all, it is extremely urgent and necessary for the survival –social, environmental, and economic– of the city. Following from that hypothesis, this work studies the historical relationship between the city and the water, it x-rays the metropolis in search of the remaining water substrates, and it also explores the most significant projects that tried to recover the lacustrine condition of the city, either in real or utopian ways, to elaborate a critical analysis of them. Mexico City needs a new water culture, and this work constitutes a document that invites us to re-imagine, re-think, re-discover and re-invent the relationship between Mexico City and its water legacy. To achieve this, a series of urban plans have been drawn up in such a way that, by using the very same frame and scale, they all show the essential water-related aspects as well as the whole water spatial dimension; this allows us to build a cartographic analysis tool which, like an atlas, makes it possible to visualize and relate the main water issues of the city. The opacity game created by superimposing some cartographies on others allows establishing relationships between them, interconnecting layers, analyzing them, and drawing conclusions through the graphic parallel generated –always trying to promote, as far as possible, the rescue and renaturation of the water substrates of the city. The goal is to define the challenge of a Mexico City potentially sensitive to water, sensing that the rain will be the only one capable of rescuing it. La búsqueda de agua ha sido siempre uno de los mayores desafíos para la humanidad. Ciudad de México (CDMX), íntimamente ligada al agua desde su fundación, es hoy una de las ciudades con mayor estrés hídrico del mundo y se enfrenta a una paradoja de abundancia y escasez, de inundaciones cíclicas mientras sus capitalinos se mueren de sed. Hay quienes sueñan con devolver a la ciudad su ecosistema perdido, pero ¿es posible recuperar la idea de una ciudad lacustre? El rescate de los sustratos hídricos de la Ciudad de México es posible; pero, sobre todo, es extremadamente urgente y necesario para la supervivencia – social, medioambiental y económica - de la ciudad. Partiendo de la hipótesis anterior, este trabajo estudia la relación histórica de la ciudad con el agua, radiografía la metrópoli en busca de los sustratos hídricos que perduran; y también explora los proyectos más significativos que han pretendido recuperar la condición lacustre de la ciudad, ya sea de manera real o utópica, para así poder elaborar un análisis crítico de dichas propuestas. Ciudad de México necesita una nueva cultura del agua y este trabajo constituye un documento que invita a re-imaginar, re-pensar, re-descubrir, re-inventar la relación de la Ciudad de México con su legado hídrico. Para ello se han elaborado una serie de planos que, desde el mismo encuadre y a la misma escala, muestran los asuntos esenciales relativos al agua, así como su dimensión espacial; y de esta manera se obtiene una herramienta cartográfica de análisis que, a modo de atlas, permite visibilizar y relacionar las principales cuestiones hídricas de la ciudad. El juego de opacidades al superponer unas cartografías sobre otras permite ir estableciendo relaciones entre ellas, interconectando capas, analizándolas y sacando conclusiones a través del paralelo gráfico generado, siempre tratando de impulsar, en la medida de lo posible, el rescate y la renaturalización de los sustratos hídricos de la ciudad. La meta es definir el desafío de una Ciudad de México potencialmente sensible al agua, intuyendo que la lluvia será la única capaz de rescatarla.
- Published
- 2022
9. Modelación hidrológica de la cuenca urbana del río Bélico en la ciudad de Santa Clara, Cuba
- Author
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Castillo García, Carlos Lázaro and Carvajal González, Victor Manuel
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urban flooding ,escirrentía ,modelación hidrológica ,inundaciones urbanas ,curve number ,rainfall ,runoff ,lluvia ,hydrological modeling ,número de curva - Abstract
Urban floods are a phenomenon associated with heavy rainfall in relatively short periods of time, the causes that cause them are dissimilar and are generally accompanied by poor urban planning that reduces hydraulic sections of rivers, streams, and any drainage channel. The city of Santa Clara in Cuba, presents serious flooding problems near the Bélico and Cubanicay rivers due to the decrease in the section of their channels due to urban indiscipline. This contribution obtains the values of the maximum runoff flow for various control sections located along these rivers, using the TR-55 model (Technical Report 55) of the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), for its acronym in English, formerly named Soil Conservation Service). Three models associated with convective rains Type I, II, III, associated with the peaks of the storms and their temporal location will be carried out, with which the maximum expenses associated with storms of different configuration can be defined for a probability of 1%, 2% and 10%. The results obtained show that the most critical situation occurs for Type III rain and the maximum runoff value for a 1% probability at the basin closure point is 170 m3/s., Las inundaciones urbanas son un fenómeno asociado a grandes precipitaciones en relativamente cortos períodos de tiempo, las causas que las provocan son disímiles y generalmente vienen acompañadas por una deficiente planificación urbana. La ciudad de Santa Clara, Cuba, presenta graves problemas de inundaciones cercanos a los ríos Bélico y Cubanicay debido a la disminución de la sección de sus cauces por indisciplinas urbanísticas. La presente contribución obtiene los valores del caudal máximo de escurrimiento para varias secciones de control ubicadas a lo largo de dichos ríos, usando para ello el modelo TR-55 (Technical Report 55) del Servicio de Conservación de los Recursos Naturales de Estados Unidos. Se realizan tres modelaciones asociadas a lluvias convectivas Tipo I, II, III, agrupadas a los picos de las tormentas y su ubicación temporal, con lo cual se pueden definir los gastos máximos relacionados con tormentas de configuración diferentes para una probabilidad del 1%, 2% y 10%. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la situación más crítica ocurre para la lluvia Tipo III y el valor máximo de escurrimiento para una probabilidad del 1% en el punto de cierre de la cuenca es de 170 m3/s.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Thermodynamic cycle of average annual rainfall over the globe.
- Author
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Agrawal, Dulli Chandra
- Subjects
THERMODYNAMIC cycles ,RAINFALL ,STEAM engines - Abstract
Copyright of Latin-American Journal of Physics Education is the property of Latin-American Physics Education Network and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
11. Ajuste de curvas IDF a partir de tormentas de corta duración.
- Author
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Gutiérrez-López, Alfonso and Barragán-Regalado, Raisa
- Subjects
LEAST squares ,RAINFALL intensity duration frequencies ,WATER supply ,HYDROLOGY ,RAINFALL ,WORK design - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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12. Rainfall Trend and Rainfall Design Values in the upper part of Ecuadorian Andean Mountains and their implications on Hydropower Projects.
- Author
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Lima G., Paulina, Santamaria C., Jorge L., and Flor, Margarita
- Published
- 2019
13. Estimación y análisis de umbrales críticos de lluvia para la ocurrencia de avenidas torrenciales en el Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia).
- Author
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GUERRERO HOYOS, LUIS ÁNGEL and ARISTIZÁBAL GIRALDO, EDIER
- Abstract
In Colombia between 1914 and 2015, there have occurred 1.139 flash floods leaving a tragic balance with 2.195 mortal victims. Recent cases: Salgar (2015) and Mocoa (2017) show the urgent necessity of establishing an early warningalarm system for those torrential phenomena susceptible areas which have been densely populated. This job studies the Aburrá Valley case, where have recurrently presented torrential events, and puts forward critical threshold like a flash floods detonating to implementing these on an early warning-alarm system. Critical threshold were defined by the RTI (Rainfall Triggering Index) methodology, developed in Taiwan. This method uses hourly rainfall data of 15 rain gauges located inside of Aburrá Valley and flash floods inventory registered by DesInventar. From this data, it was established 1.784 potential detonating rainfall events between 1994 and 2016, with and maximum intensity average of 31,2 mm/h. Results found critical RTI values of 2.268, 2.734, 3.128 and 3.337 mm2/h for 1, 3, 7 and 15 days of antecedent rainfall respectively. Used the maximum intensity average is obtained a critical threshold of cumulated antecedent rainfall of 76, 91, 104 and 111 mm for 1, 3, 7 and 15 days of antecedent rainfall respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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14. Análisis espacio temporal (1981-2010) de la precipitación en la ciudad de Bogotá: avances en la generación de índices extremos.
- Author
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Aragón-Moreno, Juan Antonio and Lerma-Lerma, Brayan David
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METEOROLOGICAL stations ,CLIMATE change ,DROUGHTS ,WEATHER ,RAINFALL ,LANDSLIDES - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - UPTC is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Influencia del ENSO en la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la ocurrencia de movimientos en masa desencadenados por lluvias en la región Andina colombiana.
- Author
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Naranjo Bedoya, Karolina, Aristizábal Giraldo, Edier Vicente, and Morales Rodelo, José Alfred
- Subjects
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METEOROLOGICAL stations , *LANDSLIDES , *ECONOMIC man , *SOUTHERN oscillation , *RAINFALL ,LA Nina ,EL Nino - Abstract
Landslides triggered by rain have caused many human and economic losses in Colombia, especially in the department of Antioquia. According to DesInventar database since 1900 until 2017, 3478 landslides were recorded in the territory of Antioquia and these have left over 2065 fatalities and 74654 damaged homes. This paper presents spatial and temporal rainfall variability and their relationship with historical landslides events under the influence of ENSO in the nine sub-regions of Antioquia. For this purpose, daily rainfall data obtained from 27 IDEAM weather station and 5368 landslides reported in SIMMA and DesInventar database were used in a time window analysis between 1985 and 2016 (32 years). Also, temporal analyses and correlations were performed in daily, monthly and annual scale. According to the results of this study, the occurrence of landslides exhibits bimodal behavior according to temporal rainfall variability, and the strong effect of the cold phase of the ENSO (La Niña) has a strong influence on them. Moreover, landslides showed significant sensitivity to the time-series of rainfall linked to the different sub-regions of Antioquia. The understanding of spatial-temporal rainfall variability in tropical mountains environments is a key element for an appropriate risk management and early warning system implementation and design for hydro-meteorological hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA PRECIPITAÇÃO: BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MADEIRA.
- Author
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Cardoso Gomes, Dênis José, de Lima, Aline Maria Meiguins, Sanches Ferreira, Nedilson, and Oliveira Serrão, Edivaldo Afonso
- Abstract
The availability of the variable space-temporal in the description hydrographic is fundamental in the climatization, hydrological studies e prevention of environmental risks. The objective of this work is to discuss the rainfall distribution in the Madeira River basin, verifying it's areas of greatest and/or least water potential. The watershed of the Madeira River is located in the north of Brazil, most influential of the Amazon, with rains of 1650-3050 mm and very diverse soil. The rainfall data comes from ANA and the SST data was acquired from NOAA. The positive SST anomalies for the Pacific were verified, and in these same waters, negative values (SST). In the Atlantic Ocean it is observed the years of Positive and Negative Dipole. The rainiest quarter is January (300.6 mm), February (291.8 mm) and March (286.8 mm) and the least rainy is June (47.0 mm), July (29.4 mm) and August (36.7 mm). In the rainy season (Nov-Abr) the water supply is favored in the low course of the Madeira river. The dry season (Mai-Out) is characterized by a hydrological deficit. The lowest rains are south-southwest (1,120.5-1868.7 mm). In the central region of (1,868.7-2,192.6 mm). The major rain are concentrated to the northeast (2,501,1- 3,087,3 mm). The upstream flows (Rio Beni) presented in the majority of the period peaks superior to 4000 m³/s. The impact that rainfall causes on the water supply of a basin is crucial for the preservation of this environmental reservoir, since it influences in several sectors in the socioeconomic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
17. El índice de anomalía de la lluvia y su relación con la oscilación del sur de El Niño en la cuenca hidrografica del río Tapajós
- Author
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Ferreira, Luandra Caroline Veloso, Batista, Gabriela Rosa, Costa, Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza, Miranda, Sarah Brasil de Araújo de, and Dias, Gustavo Francesco de Morais
- Subjects
Rainfall ,Precipitação Pluviométrica ,Lluvia ,IAC ,ENOS ,ENSO - Abstract
As a result of the change in the pattern of atmospheric circulation caused by weather phenomena, in some areas of Brazil extreme droughts occur, in others, torrential rains. Such aspects make it possible to infer about the socio-environmental and economic problems resulting from these phenomena. In view of this, this work sought to analyze the relationship of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events with rainfall anomaly index (IAC). The historical series of rainfall used were from the Santarém station (1969 to 2019) and Nova Maringá station (1984 to 2020), classifying the ENSO events within these periods, through the Niño Oscillation Index (ION). With this, it was observed from the IAC classification, that the strong phenomena as extremely dry and extremely humid, coincided with the classification of the ENSO phenomena of El Niño and La Niña for Santarém station. The El Niño and La Niña phenomena have little evident effect on the number of rainy days for the Maringá station. Through the study conducted to analyze the monthly and annual variations of rainfall through the IAC, it was shown that these occur in most cases under the influence of the more intense ENSO phenomenon, causing rain in that region. Comparing the results found for the south of the basin (Nova Maringá) and for the north (Santarém), it is observed that the influence of ENSO events is stronger for the northern region of the Tapajós River Basin (BHRT). Como resultado del cambio en el patrón de circulación atmosférica provocado por fenómenos meteorológicos, en algunas zonas de Brasil ocurren sequías extremas, en otras, lluvias torrenciales. Tales aspectos permiten inferir sobre los problemas socioambientales y económicos derivados de estos fenómenos. En vista de esto, este trabajo buscó analizar la relación de los eventos de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS) con el índice de anomalía de lluvia (IAC). Las series históricas de lluvias utilizadas fueron de la estación Santarém (1969 a 2019) y la estación Nova Maringá (1984 a 2020), clasificando los eventos ENSO dentro de estos períodos, a través del Índice de Oscilación del Niño (ION). Con eso, se observó a partir de la clasificación del IAC, que los fenómenos fuertes como extremadamente seco y extremadamente húmedo, coincidieron con la clasificación de los fenómenos ENOS de El Niño y La Niña para la estación de Santarém. Los fenómenos de El Niño y La Niña tienen un efecto poco evidente en el número de días de lluvia para la estación de Maringá. A través del estudio realizado para analizar las variaciones mensuales y anuales de las precipitaciones a través del IAC, se demostró que estas ocurren en la mayoría de los casos bajo la influencia del fenómeno ENSO más intenso, provocando más o menos lluvias en esa región. Comparando los resultados encontrados para el sur de la cuenca (Nova Maringá) y para el norte (Santarém), se observa que la influencia de los eventos ENSO es más fuerte para la región norte de la cuenca del río Tapajós (BHRT). Como resultado da alteração do padrão de circulação atmosférica causada por fenômenos climáticos, em algumas áreas do Brasil ocorrem secas extremas, em outras, chuvas torrenciais. Tais aspectos permitem inferir a respeito das problemáticas socioambientais e econômicos resultantes destes fenômenos. Diante disto, este trabalho buscou analisar a relação dos eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) com índice de anomalias de chuva (IAC). As séries históricas de precipitação pluviométrica utilizadas foram da estação Santarém (1969 a 2019) e estação Nova Maringá (1984 a 2020), classificando os eventos ENOS dentro destes períodos, através do Índice de Oscilação do Niño (ION). Com isso, observou-se a partir da classificação do IAC, que os fenômenos fortes como extremamente seco e extremamente úmido, coincidiram com a classificação dos fenômenos ENOS de El Niño e La Niña para estação Santarém. Os fenômenos El Niño e La Niña pouco causa efeitos evidentes no Número de dias de chuvas para a estação Maringá. Através do estudo realizado para analisar as variações mensais e anuais das precipitações pluviais através do IAC, mostrou-se que estas ocorrem na maioria dos casos por influência do fenômeno ENOS mais intensos, fazendo chover mais ou menos naquela região. Comparando os resultados encontrados para o sul da bacia (Nova Maringá) e para o norte (Santarém), observa-se que a influência dos eventos ENOS é mais forte para a região norte da bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Tapajós (BHRT).
- Published
- 2022
18. Reconstrucción de trampas por larvas de Myrmeleon brasiliensis (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) tras las inundaciones: efecto del tamaño corporal
- Author
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Tatiane Do Nascimento Lima, Edihanne Gamarra Arguelho, Raquel Braga Aquino Florenciano, and Vitor Gabriel De Oliveira Leite
- Subjects
foraging ,antlion ,construction behaviour ,rainfall ,hormiga-león ,comportamiento de construcción ,lluvia ,forrajeo ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Myrmeleontinae - Abstract
Introduction: Immature forms of the antlion Myrmeleon brasiliensis(Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) build traps in dry sandy soil to capture prey. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate how the waterlogging of the soil due to rain affects the trap rebuilding and relocation behavior of M. brasiliensis of different sizes. Methods: The study was conducted between July and December 2019. Larvae M. brasiliensiswere observed and collected from a forest reserve in the municipality of Aquidauana in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Results:In the natural environment, most larvae rebuilt their traps in the same location seven days after the simulation of rain, with a smaller diameter than that observed prior to the simulation of rain. In the laboratory, the movements of M. brasiliensislarvae and rebuilding of the traps after the waterlogging of the soil was affected by body size. Larger larvae moved more and were more likely to rebuild their traps. Conclusions: The saturation of the soil affects the foraging of M. brasiliensislarvae, which are impeded from rebuilding their traps for a period. In situations of long periods of saturated soil, the mortality rate of the larvae is high and rebuilding of the traps occurs after the soil dries out, but with a smaller trap size. These data suggest that changes in the rainfall pattern can affect the population structure of M. brasiliensis larvae, with the selection of larger individuals in situations of more severe rains. In this process, the smaller larvae are more affected, as their foraging is impeded. Introducción:Los insectos inmaduros de hormiga león de la especie Myrmeleon brasiliensis(Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae), construyen trampas en el suelo arenoso seco para capturar a sus presas. Objetivo:El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar cómo la inundación del suelo, como la lluvia, afecta al comportamiento de reconstrucción y de desplazamiento de las trampas de M. brasiliensissegún las diferentes tallas. Métodos:El estudio fue conducido entre julio y diciembre del 2019. Las larvas fueron observadas y recolectadas en una Reserva Forestal en la ciudad de Aquidauana, Estado de Mato Grosso del Sur, Brasil. Resultados:Observamos que, en el ambiente natural, siete días después de la lluvia simulada, la mayoría de las larvas reconstruyeron a sus trampas en el mismo sitio y con diámetro más pequeño que el observado antes de la lluvia simulada. En el laboratorio fue observado que después de la inundación del suelo, el desplazamiento de las larvas y la reconstrucción de las trampas es afectado por el tamaño de su cuerpo. Así, larvas de M. brasiliensismás grandes se desplazan más y presentan una probabilidad más grande de reconstruir a sus trampas. Conclusión:De esa manera, la inundación del suelo afecta el forrajeo de las larvas M. brasiliensis, que se quedan impedidas por un tiempo durante la reconstrucción de sus trampas. Además, en situaciones de largos periodos de inundación del suelo, las larvas presentan una alta tasa de mortalidad y la reconstrucción de sus trampas ocurre después que se seca el suelo, pero esas trampas suelen ser más pequeñas. Esos datos sugieren que es posible que variaciones en el patrón de lluvia pueden afectar la estructura poblacional de las larvas M. brasiliensis, pues en situaciones de lluvias más fuertes, las larvas más grandes suelen tener más éxito. En este proceso, las larvas más pequeñas se ven más afectadas, ya que se impide su búsqueda de alimento.
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- 2021
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19. Abiotic factors associated with microplastic pollution in surface water of a tropical estuary
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Nyedja Fialho, Bianca Oliveira Paiva, Ana Karolyna Maia de Oliveira, and Ana Lúcia Vendel
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Chuva ,Maré ,Impacto antropogênico ,Anthropogenic impact ,Tide ,Marea ,Rainfall ,Estuário do rio Paraíba ,Impacto antropogénico ,Paraíba River estuary ,Estuario del río Paraíba ,Lluvia ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The aquatic environment has suffered anthropic impacts through inadequate dumping from domestic, agricultural and industrial sources. Such waste products become fragmented into microplastics (MPs) which accumulate in these ecosystems and cause impact. This study offers the first evaluation of contamination of the surface water by MPs in the Paraíba River estuary, Paraíba State, northeast Brazil. Monthly surface water samples were performed with a phytoplankton net from March 2019 to February 2020, between Restinga Island and the Cabedelo Harbor, downstream of the estuary. About the abiotic factors tested, tide height and precipitation were inversely proportional to MPs abundance at the water surface. While water transparency, wind speed and direction and volume of filtered water did not affect it significantly. A total of 443 MPs were obtained in 1116.26 m3 of filtered water, with a mean abundance of 1.96 ± 1.44 MP/m3, ranging from 0.33 (September) to 4.76 (January). The results reveal an important incidence of MPs pollution downstream in this system. The predominance of MPs fibers (51%) and fragments (48%) result from the slow, natural breakdown of solid waste, confirming the lack of the proper discarding to trash in the João Pessoa metropolitan region. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of simple mitigating measures, such as basic sanitation to reduce local pollution as well as effective routine assessments from the anthropic impact and from water quality control measures in this and many other Brazilian estuaries. El medio acuático ha sufrido impactos antrópicos a través de vertidos inadecuados de fuentes domésticas, agrícolas e industriales. Los desechos se fragmentan en microplásticos (MPs) que se acumulan en estos ecosistemas y causan un impacto tan grande. Este estudio proporciona la primera evaluación de la contaminación del agua superficial por MPs en el estuario del río Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales de agua superficial con red de fitoplancton entre marzo/2019 y febrero/2020, aguas abajo en este estuario. En los factores abióticos probados, la altura de las mareas y la precipitación fueron inversamente proporcionales a la abundancia de MP en la superficie del agua. Mientras que la transparencia del agua, la velocidad y dirección del viento y el volumen de agua filtrada no afectaron significativamente dicha abundancia. Se obtuvieron un total de 443 MPs en 1116.26 m3 de agua filtrada, con una abundancia media de 1,96 ± 1,44 MP/m3, variando de 0,33 (septiembre) a 4,76 (enero). Los resultados revelan una importante incidencia de contaminación por MP aguas abajo en este sistema. El predominio de fibras (51%) y fragmentos (48%) de PM refleja la descomposición lenta y natural de los residuos sólidos, lo que confirma la falta de eliminación adecuada de basura en la región metropolitana de João Pessoa. Este estudio refuerza la necesidad de implementar medidas de mitigación simples, como saneamiento básico, para reducir la contaminación local, así como evaluaciones de impacto antrópico efectivas y de rutina destinadas a controlar la calidad del agua en este importante estuario de Paraíba. O ambiente aquático tem sofrido impactos antrópicos por meio de despejos inadequados de fontes domésticas, agrícolas e industriais. Os resíduos se fragmentam em microplásticos (MPs) que se acumulam nesses ecossistemas e causam tal grande impacto. Este estudo oferece a primeira avaliação da contaminação das águas superficiais por MPs no estuário do Rio Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Amostras mensais de águas superficiais foram realizadas com rede de fitoplâncton entre março/2019 e fevereiro/2020, entre a Ilha da Restinga e o Porto de Cabedelo, à jusante neste estuário. Sobre os fatores abióticos testados, a altura da maré e a precipitação foram inversamente proporcionais à abundância de MPs na superfície da água. Enquanto transparência da água, velocidade e direção do vento e volume de água filtrada não afetaram significativamente tal abundância. Um total de 443 MPs foi obtido em 1116.26 m3 de água filtrada, com abundância média de 1,96 ± 1,44 MP/m3, variando de 0,33 (setembro) a 4,76 (janeiro). Os resultados revelam uma importante incidência de poluição por MPs à jusante neste sistema. O predomínio de fibras (51%) e fragmentos (48%) de MP reflete a decomposição lenta e natural dos resíduos sólidos indevidamente lançados no sistema, confirmando a falta de descarte adequado para o lixo na região metropolitana de João Pessoa. Este estudo reforça a necessidade de se implementar medidas mitigatórias simples, como saneamento básico, para reduzir a poluição local, bem como efetivas e rotineiras avaliações do impacto antrópico voltadas ao controle da qualidade da água neste importante estuário paraibano.
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- 2022
20. Variability of the annual amounts of station precipitation revealed by autocorrelation functions and power spectra.
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Gyu-Ho Lim, Ae-Sook Suh, and Yong-Cheol Suh
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POWER spectra ,METEOROLOGICAL precipitation ,AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics) ,NONLINEAR analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Boletín Geológico y Minero is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Geominero De Espana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
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21. Variabilidad de la precipitación y relación con la productividad de manioca (Manihot Esculenta) en la ciudad de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre
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Silva, Jefferson Rodrigues dos Santos, Costa, Charniele Freitas da, Serrano, Rodrigo Otávio Peréa, Mesquita, Anderson Azevedo, and Moreira, José Genivaldo do Vale
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Práticas culturais ,Rainfall ,Variabilidade ,Lluvia ,Practicas culturales ,Cultural practices ,Variability ,Precipitação pluviométrica - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between rainfall variability and cassava yield in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre, taking into account the rainfall regime as an essential input for agriculture. Data on total monthly and annual rainfall observed in the city from 1993 to 2018 were used. the analyzed period. In 1995, it was verified that the registered values of rainfall are far from the average value. Regarding the years of cassava productivity, it is possible to verify that until the year 2012 there were no significant variations in the evaluated records. In the period 1993 to 2012, the highlight is the year 2010, whose productivity exceeded the value of 20 t.ha-1. It was found that from the year 2013 the highest productivity values for the cassava crop were recorded. In the interval between the years 2013 and 2018, the municipality recorded the highest productivity values during the analyzed period. The year 2015 stood out with a productivity that reached 32.3 t.ha-1. There was also an upward trend in crop productivity through growth in rainfall values. Through simple linear regression analysis, it was evidenced an increasing increase of 0.0043 t.ha-1 in cassava yield as a function of 1 mm of rain, in the city of Cruzeiro do Sul. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la variabilidad de las lluvias y el rendimiento de la yuca en el municipio de Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre, teniendo en cuenta el régimen de lluvias como insumo esencial para la agricultura. Se utilizaron datos de precipitaciones totales mensuales y anuales observadas en la ciudad desde 1993 hasta 2018. El período analizado. En 1995 se comprobó que los valores registrados de precipitación están lejos del valor medio. En cuanto a los años de productividad de la yuca, se puede verificar que hasta el año 2012 no hubo variaciones significativas en los registros evaluados. En el período (1993 a 2012), se destaca el año 2010, cuya productividad superó el valor de 20 t.ha-1. Se encontró que a partir del año 2013 se registraron los mayores valores de productividad para el cultivo de yuca. En el intervalo entre 2013 y 2018, el municipio registró los mayores valores de productividad durante el período analizado. El año 2015 se destacó con una productividad que alcanzó las 32,3 t.ha-1. También hubo una tendencia al alza en la productividad de los cultivos a través del aumento de los valores de precipitación. Mediante análisis de regresión lineal simple, se evidenció un aumento creciente de 0,0043 t.ha-1 en el rendimiento de yuca en función de 1 mm de lluvia, en la ciudad de Cruzeiro do Sul. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação existente entre a variabilidade pluviométrica e a produtividade de mandioca no município de Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre, levando em consideração o regime pluviométrico como insumo essencial para a agricultura. Foram utilizados os dados de precipitação pluviométrica total mensal e anual, observados na cidade, no período de 1993 a 2018. No ano de 1993 tem-se o menor valor de produtividade, enquanto a precipitação pluviométrica registrada se aproxima do valor da precipitação média calculada para o período analisado. No ano de 1995, verificou-se que os valores registrados de precipitação pluviométrica se distanciam do valor médio. Em relação aos anos de produtividade de mandioca, é possível verificar que até o ano de 2012 não ocorreram variações significativas nos registros avaliados. No período 1993 a 20, o destaque é dado ao ano de 2010, cuja produtividade superou o valor de 20 t.ha-1. Verificou-se que a partir do ano de 2013 registrou-se os maiores valores de produtividade para a cultura da mandioca. Já no intervalo entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, o município registrou os mais altos valores de produtividade, durante o período analisado. O ano de 2015 destacou-se com uma produtividade que atingiu 32,3 t.ha-1. Verificou-se, também, tendência ascendente na produtividade da cultura mediante crescimento nos valores de precipitação pluviométrica. Por meio da análise de regressão linear simples, evidenciou um incremento crescente de 0,0043 t.ha-1 à produtividade de mandioca em função de 1 mm de chuva, na cidade de Cruzeiro do Sul.
- Published
- 2022
22. Influence of climate on seawater quality and green mussel production
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Chayarat Srisunont, Treeranut Srisunont, Alongot Intarachart, and Sandhya Babel
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cultivation area ,área de cultivo ,rainfall ,calidad del agua de mar ,seawater quality ,lluvia ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Perna viridis ,air temperature ,climate change ,temperatura del aire ,cambio climático - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between atmospheric parameters, seawater quality and green mussel production which were cultured in pond, estuary and coastal areas. Seawater and mussel samples were collected from mussel farms in the inner Gulf of Thailand from January to December 2019. Climate data were obtained from the Thai Meteorological Department. The correlations between selected atmospheric and seawater parameters were developed using linear and non-linear models. The influence of seawater quality on mussel production was evaluated using principal component analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression. The effects of atmospheric variation on green mussel productivity were simulated. The results showed that high air temperature and rainfall caused an increase in seawater temperature and a decrease in salinity, respectively. It was observed that the most influential factors affecting mussel production were nutrients and dissolved oxygen in ponds, temperature and salinity in estuaries, and nutrients and pH in coastal areas. The simulation indicated that mussel production can deteriorate when air temperature reaches 34°C and rainfall is higher than 200 mm per month. Our results suggest that under climate change events, locations with less riverine influence can provide higher mussel productivity. These results can be used as a guideline for farmers during a climate change event., Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones entre los parámetros atmosféricos, la calidad del agua de mar y la producción de mejillones verdes que se cultivaron en estanques, estuarios y áreas costeras. Se recolectaron muestras de agua de mar y mejillones de granjas de mejillones en el interior del Golfo de Tailandia de enero a diciembre de 2019. Los datos climáticos se obtuvieron del Departamento Meteorológico de Tailandia. Las correlaciones entre parámetros atmosféricos y de agua de mar seleccionados se desarrollaron utilizando modelos lineales y no lineales. La influencia de la calidad del agua de mar en la producción de mejillones se evaluó mediante análisis de componentes principales y regresión lineal múltiple paso a paso. Se simularon los efectos de la variación atmosférica sobre la productividad del mejillón verde. Los resultados mostraron que la alta temperatura del aire y las precipitaciones provocaron un aumento de la temperatura del agua de mar y una disminución de la salinidad, respectivamente. Se observó que los factores más influyentes que afectaron la producción de mejillón fueron los nutrientes y el oxígeno disuelto (OD) en los estanques; temperatura y salinidad en estuarios; y nutrientes y pH en zonas costeras. La simulación indicó que la producción de mejillón puede deteriorarse cuando la temperatura del aire alcanza los 34°C y la precipitación supera los 200 mm por mes. Nuestros resultados sugieren que, bajo eventos de cambio climático, los lugares con menos influencia fluvial pueden proporcionar una mayor productividad de mejillón. Estos resultados se pueden utilizar como guía para los agricultores durante un evento de cambio climático.
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- 2022
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23. SIMULATION OF RAINFALL AND SEEPAGE FLOW ON UNSATURATED SOIL BY A SEEPAGE-DEFORMATION COUPLED METHOD SIMULACIÓN DE LLUVIA E INFILTRACIÓN EN SUELOS PARCIALMENTE SATURADOS USANDO UN METODO ACOPLADO INFILTRACIÓN-DEFORMACIÓN
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Edwin García-Aristizábal, Carlos Riveros-Jerez, and Julio Saldarriaga-Molina
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Lluvia ,infiltración ,suelo parcialmente saturado ,método ef ,método acoplado ,drenes ,Rainfall ,Seepage ,Unsaturated soil ,FE method ,Coupled method ,drains ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
This paper presents an application for the analysis of structures formed by unsaturated layered soils subjected to rainfall and seepage flow; the results are part of a current research project on rainfall infiltration. A three-phase coupled infiltration-deformation method for unsaturated soil was used for the numerical analysis. The effects of the water permeability and horizontal drainage on the distribution of seepage flow velocities, saturation, and generation of deformations for an unsaturated layered embankment were investigated. The results show that the generation of deformation on the embankment surface highly depends on the water permeability of the soil. In addition, through horizontal drainage simulations, the advantage of this type of solution for decreasing the pore water pressures on the back of the slope embankment, thus avoiding local failure (erosion), is shown.Este artículo presenta una aplicación para el análisis de estructuras compuestas por suelos parcialmente saturados que están sometidas al efecto de la lluvia y la infiltración; los resultados hacen parte de una investigación en curso relacionada con infiltración de aguas lluvias. Para los análisis numéricos se utilizó un método trifásico acoplado de infiltración-deformación. Se investigaron los efectos que tienen la permeabilidad y el drenaje lateral en la distribución de los vectores de velocidad de infiltración, la saturación y la generación de deformaciones para un terraplén estratificado y parcialmente saturado. Los resultados muestran que la generación de deformación en el talud del terraplén depende, en gran parte, de la permeabilidad del suelo. Adicionalmente, por medio de simulación de drenes horizontales, se muestra la ventaja de este tipo de solución para disminuir las presiones de poros internas en el talud del terraplén, evitando la falla local (erosión).
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- 2012
24. Avances en el pronóstico climático de las anomalías de lluvia en la Región Pampeana Advances in the climatic forecast of rainfall anomalies in the Pampa Region
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Juan C. Labraga, Laura D. Brandizi, and Mónica A. López
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Regionalización del clima ,Pronóstico del clima ,Lluvia ,Región Pampeana ,Downscaling ,Climate forecast ,Rainfall ,Pampa Region ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Los modelos globales de la circulación general de la atmósfera (MCGA) son capaces de simular anomalías climáticas estadísticamente significativas de escala estacional o mayor, asociadas con anomalías en la temperatura de la superficie del mar. Los MCGA pueden estimar efectivamente el signo y la probabilidad de tales anomalías climáticas cuando su extensión es varias veces mayor que la resolución espacial del modelo. En este trabajo se presentan algunos avances en la estimación de las anomalías de la lluvia en 22 localidades de la Región Pampeana Argentina mediante downscaling estadístico de la información producida por un ensamble de veinte simulaciones con el MCGA CSIRO-9, prescribiendo la temperatura de la superficie del mar de acuerdo con los valores diarios observados en el período 1987-1998. El downscaling estadístico de la lluvia produjo una mayor correlación con las observaciones locales que los datos de lluvia del MCGA interpolados sobre cada sitio. Los resultados de un Análisis de las Componentes Principales aplicado a los datos observados y estimados indican que este método de downscaling permite discernir áreas con diferente comportamiento de la lluvia dentro de la región de estudio.Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCM) are able to simulate statistically significant climate anomalies of seasonal or larger time-scales, associated with anomalies in the sea surface temperature. AGCMs can effectively estimate the sign and probability of such climate anomalies whenever their extent is several times greater than the spatial resolution of the model. Some progress attained in the estimation of rainfall anomalies in 22 sites of the Pampa Region, Argentina, by means of statistical downscaling of the output from an AGCM are presented in this work. Downscaling models were based in the multiple lineal regression method. Climatic anomalies of the atmospheric independent variables required in the rainfall downscaling procedure were obtained from the ensemble average of twenty simulations carried out with the AGCM CSIRO-9, prescribing the sea surface temperature according to observed daily values in the period 1987-1998. The statistical downscaling of rainfall produced greater correlation with local observation than the AGCM rainfall data interpolated over each location. The results of a Principal Component Analysis applied to the observed and estimated data reveal that this downscaling approach is able to distinguish areas with different rainfall behavior within the study region.
- Published
- 2011
25. Ground-foraging ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and rainfall effect on pitfall trapping in a deciduous thorn woodland (Caatinga), Northeastern Brazil
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Francyregis A Nunes, Glauco B Martins Segundo, Yuri B Vasconcelos, Raul Azevedo, and Yves Quinet
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Caatinga semi-árida ,Formicidae ,grupo de hormigas que forrajean en el suelo ,trampas de caída ,lluvia ,semi-arid Caatinga ,ground-foraging ant assemblage ,pitfall trapping ,rainfall ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The semi-arid Caatinga is the fourth largest biome of Brazil, which biota still remains one of the most poorly known, especially with regard to invertebrate groups. In this study, a ground-foraging ant assemblage was surveyed during one year and the effect of rainfall on pitfall trapping was assessed. The study was performed in an area located in the municipality of Pentecoste (3º48’ S - 39º20’ W), in the State of Ceará. A 200m transect with 20 equidistant sampling points was established. Transect sampling was performed once a month during 12 months, over the period August 2008-August 2009. At each sampling point, a pitfall trap partially filled with a mixture of ethanol and monoethylene glycol was placed at the beginning of each month and remained in the field for seven days. 39 species belonging to six subfamilies and 19 genera, plus two unidentified species, were collected, with Pheidole (10 spp.) and Camponotus (8 spp.) being the taxa with the most species. 23 species were frequent, being found in more than 50% of the 12 transect samplings. Five species had an intermediate frequency (25 to 50%), while 13 were relatively infrequent (less than 25%). Most of the species (22) showed low occurrence, being found in less than 10% of the 240 samples (20 samples each month, during 12 months). Only five species were collected in more than 50% of the samples, those species being also responsible for most of the total abundance (number of captured individuals of all species) observed each month. The speciesaccumulation curves (observed and estimated) indicated that sampling sufficiency was attained, and that about 92% of the estimated ground-foraging ant fauna had been collected. 40 and 29 species were collected in the dry and rainy season, respectively, with monthly species richness ranging from 13 to 28. The total ant abundance showed a drastic decrease during the rainy season, and a negative linear correlation was found between rainfall and total ant abundance (R2=0.68). A similar negative linear correlation was found for species occurrences against rainfall (R2=0.71), and for mean number of species per pitfall trap against rainfall (R2=0.71). However, some species showed equal abundance, occurrence and mean number of individuals per pitfall trap in both seasons, while others showed a much higher abundance and occurrence during the rainy season. Pitfall trapping as a method to sample ground-foraging ant assemblage of the Caatinga biome and potential factors responsible for lower pitfall trap performance during rainy season are discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1637-1650. Epub 2011 December 01.La Caatinga semiárida es el cuarto bioma más grande de Brasil. Pese a ello, es también el bioma brasileño cuya biota continúa siendo la más pobremente estudiada, especialmente en lo que se refiere a grupos de invertebrados. En este estudio se examinó durante un año el grupo de hormigas que forrajean en el suelo de un área de Caatinga y se evaluó el efecto de la lluvia sobre las trampas de caída. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un área del municipio de Pentecoste (3º48’ S - 39º20’ W), estado de Ceará. Se estableció un transecto de 200m con 20 puntos de muestreo equidistantes. El muestreo del transecto se realizó mensualmente durante 12 meses, entre Agosto 2008-Agosto 2009. En cada punto de muestreo se colocó al principio de cada mes una trampa de caída parcialmente llena con una mezcla de etanol y monoetilenglicol y se mantuvo en el campo durante siete días. Se recogieron 39 especies pertenecientes a seis subfamilias y 19 géneros, además de dos especies sin identificar, siendo Pheidole (10 spp) y Camponotus (8 spp) los taxones con más especies. Veintitrés especies fueron frecuentes, se registraron en más del 50% de los 12 transectos muestreados. Cinco especies tuvieron una frecuencia intermedia (25 a 50%), mientras 13 fueron relativamente infrecuentes (menos del 25%). La mayoría de las especies (22) mostraron una presencia baja, encontrándose en menos del 10% de las 240 muestras (20 muestras cada mes durante 12 meses). Sólo cinco especies fueron recogidas en más del 50% de las muestras, fueron además responsables de casi toda la abundancia total (número de individuos capturados de todas las especies) mensual. Las curvas de acumulación de especies (observadas y estimadas) indicaron que se consiguió un muestreo suficiente y que se había recogido cerca del 92% de la fauna estimada de hormigas terrícolas forrajeras. Se recogieron 40 y 29 especies durante las estaciones seca y lluviosa, respectivamente, con una riqueza de especies mensual entre 13 y 28. La abundancia total de especies mostró una disminución drástica durante la estación de lluvias, y se encontró una correlación linear negativa entre la pluviosidad y la abundancia total de hormigas (R2=0.68). Una correlación linear negativa similar se encontró entre la ocurrencia de especies y la pluviosidad (R2=0.71), y entre el número medio de especies por trampa de caída y la pluviosidad (R2=0.71). Sin embargo, mientras se observó que algunas especies tenían la misma abundancia, presencia, y número medio de individuos por trampa de caída en ambas estaciones, otras tenían una abundancia y presencia mucho mayor durante la estación lluviosa. Se discute el uso de trampas de caída como método para muestrear el grupo de hormigas que forrajean en el suelo del bioma de la Caatinga, así como los factores potenciales responsables del rendimiento más bajo de las trampas de caída durante la estación lluviosa.
- Published
- 2011
26. Impactos Ambientales y Socioeconómicos Estimados de los Últimos 3 Grandes Eventos de Sequía (2005, 2010 y 2015) en la Amazonía
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DOS SANTOS PEREIRA, WALDEIR, BRITO COSTA, GABRIEL, CORREA DA SILVA, DUANY THAINARA, DOS SANTOS MATIAS, LETÍCIA VICTORIA, DA SILVA MACAMBIRA, ANA CAROLINE, DE ALMEIDA HEIDEMANN, MARCELO, BARBOSA ALMADA, NATAN, and SILVA SANTOS, ADAILTON
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extreme events ,Climate ,rainfall ,eventos extremos ,lluvia ,Clima ,precipitação - Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os impactos das secas ocorridas nos anos de 2005, 2010 e 2015, na região Amazônica, quanto a fatores ambientais (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, risco de incêndios florestais) e socioeconômicos (consumo de energia elétrica). Foram analisados dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar de 41 estações meteorológicas de um período de 38 anos estimando os riscos de incêndios florestais (pela Fórmula de Monte Alegre), e dados estaduais de consumo de energia elétrica, distintos por tipo de consumo (residencial, industrial, comercial ou rural) e média anual registrada. Os resultados mostraram que as secas em análise, embora tenham gêneses diferentes (2005 devido às anomalias no atlântico, 2010 e 2015 devido aos fortes El Niños), tiveram fortes impactos ambientais (médias diárias de temperatura do ar acima de 32°C, valores de umidade relativa do ar próximos de 20%, fator de risco de ocorrência de incêndios florestais muito alto) e socioeconômicos (aumento no consumo de energia elétrica em até 200GWh nos anos de seca, principalmente no modo residencial), indicando que anos com previsão de ocorrência de secas severas como os estudados neste trabalho precisam do preparo do poder público quanto aos efeitos da elevação das temperaturas e do consumo energético, necessitando medidas profiláticas quanto aos impactos negativos gerados. The objective of this work was to analyze the impacts of droughts that occurred in the years of 2005, 2010 and 2015 in the Amazon region, regarding environmental factors (air temperature, relative humidity, risk of forest fires) and socioeconomic factors (consumption of electricity). Data on temperature and relative humidity of 41 weather stations over a period of 38 years were analyzed, estimating the risks of forest fires (using the Monte Alegre formula), and state electricity consumption data, different by type of consumption (residential, industrial, commercial or rural) and annual average recorded. The results showed that the droughts focused, although having different genesis (2005 due to anomalies in the Atlantic, 2010 and 2015 due to strong El Niños) had strong environmental impacts showed strong environmental impacts (daily air temperature averages above 32°C, relative humidity values near to 20%, fire danger for the occurrence of forest fires high) and socioeconomic (increase in electricity consumption by up to 200GWh in dry years, mainly in residential mode), indicating that years with prediction of severe droughts such as those studied in this work need the preparation of the public authorities regarding the effects of rising temperatures and energy consumption, requiring prophylactic measures regarding the negative impacts generated. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los impactos de las sequías ocurridas en los años 2005, 2010 y 2015 en la región Amazónica, en cuanto a factores ambientales (temperatura del aire, humedad relativa, riesgo de incendios forestales) y socioeconómicos (consumo de energía eléctrica). Se analizaron datos de temperatura y humedad relativa de 41 estaciones meteorológicas en un período de 38 años, estimando los riesgos de incendios forestales (utilizando la fórmula de Monte Alegre), y datos de consumo eléctrico estatal, diferentes por tipo de consumo (residencial, industrial, comercial). o rural) y promedio anual registrado. Los resultados mostraron que las sequías focalizadas, aunque con diferente génesis (2005 por anomalías en el Atlántico, 2010 y 2015 por fuertes El Niño) tuvieron fuertes impactos ambientales mostraron fuertes impactos ambientales (promedios diarios de temperatura del aire por encima de 32°C, humedad relativa valores cercanos al 20%, peligro de incendio por ocurrencia de incendios forestales alto) y socioeconómico (aumento del consumo eléctrico hasta en 200GWh en años secos, principalmente en modo residencial), indicando que años con predicción de sequías severas como las estudiadas En este trabajo es necesaria la preparación de las autoridades públicas sobre los efectos del aumento de temperaturas y el consumo de energía, requiriendo medidas profilácticas frente a los impactos negativos generados.
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- 2021
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27. ESTIMACIÓN DE DATOS TROPICALES FALTANTES DE CANTIDAD DE LLUVIA USANDO DATOS SATELITALES AJUSTADOS.
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ALFONSO HIDALGO, JESÚS, VIDAL, ANTONIO, and HIDALGO, LUIS G.
- Abstract
A state-of-the-art procedure aimed to estimate the frequent gaps of missed monthly and annual rainfall data items of tropical stations was designed and tested. For the gaps assessments the procedure included the adjustment by using a statistical parametric transference of the nearly continuous satellite monthly rainfall registers coming from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) with the available discontinuous monthly rainfall data items of the station under consideration. The procedure was experimentally applied to the 216 monthly rain gauge values in mm measured with Hellman pluviometer from the station Karimao (Period 1998-2015) located at 12 km to the SE of Caracas (Venezuela), in the study area of Caracas near La Pereza reservoir. The TRMM data included 216 monthly original values in mm (1998- 2015) downloaded for this area from the Internet web page Giovanni maintained by NASA in the United States of America with minimum resolution of 120 km2. The original TRMM data have an overestimation of 30 %. After the adjustment of the original monthly TRMM data, the analysis of a random sample of 42 missing data gaps was simulated and this helped to calculate a large non-acceptable error of ±40 % but the annual values obtained with the whole TRMM monthly adjusted values produced a small acceptable error of ±11 %. Finally, even though a good result was obtained for the annual level, the recommendation is a careful use of satellite data to fill rain gauge data gaps in tropical areas. The original TRMM satellite was substituted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
28. A comparison of linear and nonlinear model performance of shia_landslide: a forecasting model for rainfall-induced landslides.
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Vicente Aristizábal-Giraldo, Edier, Ignacio Vélez-Upegui, Jaime, and Eduardo Martínez-Carvajal, Hernán
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LANDSLIDES , *URBANIZATION , *NONLINEAR statistical models , *HYDROLOGIC cycle , *WATER pollution potential , *NATURAL disasters ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
Landslides are one of the main causes of global human and economic losses. Vulnerability to landslide hazards has increased due to expanded land urbanisation in areas with high landslide susceptibility. Therefore, landslide hazard assessment and the capacity to predict such phenomena have been a topic of great interest within the scientific community, with the goal of implementing early warning systems. SHIA_Landslide (Open and Distributed Hydrological Simulation & Landslides) is a conceptual and physically based model to analyse shallow landslide processes by incorporating a comprehensive distributed hydrological tank model that includes water storage in the soil coupled with a classical analysis of infinite-slope stability under saturated conditions. This paper compares the forecasting performance of linear and nonlinear SHIA_Landslide model. The results obtained for the La Arenosa Catchment during the September 21, 1990 rainstorm shows that the nonlinear SHIA_Landslide replicate more accurately landslides triggered by rainfall features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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29. Relación entre algunos indicadores climáticos con la altura, rendimiento y población de clones de Pennisetum purpureum.
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Herrera García, Rafael S., García Martínez, Manuel, and Cruz Santillán, Ana M.
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CENCHRUS purpureus , *BIOMASS production , *AGRONOMY , *PLANT growth , *PLANT yields , *RAINFALL - Abstract
Yield, population and height of plants from experiments done on previous years of evaluation of Pennsisetum purpureum clones were used to obtain the relation with different climatic factors. In the principal component analysis for each of the agronomic indicators, three components were obtained with an eigenvalue superior to one and to select the climatic factor with the best contribution a preponderance factor of 0.70 was used. The variability explained for the height of the plants was 84.78% and maximum temperature and number of days with mean temperature higher than 30ºC does not contributed to the variability. The 84.74% of the variability of the population was explained by the maximum and mean temperatures, total rain, number of days with rain, number of days with minimum temperature inferior to 15ºC, and the number of days with maximum temperature higher than 25ºC. The yield variability (83.78%) was explained by mean of minimum and mean temperatures, total rain, number of days with rain, number of days with minimum temperature inferior to 15 ºC, and number of days with mean temperatures higher than 30ºC. More than 50% of the variability of the height of the plant, yield and population was explained by the mean temperature, total rain, number of days with rain, and minimum temperature inferior to 15ºC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
30. Effect of temporal variation in precipitation on the demography of four herbaceous populations in a tropical dry forest area in Northeastern Brazil.
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da Silva, Kleber Andrade, de Andrade, Juliana Ramos, Fraga dos Santos, Josiene Maria Falcão, Reis Lopes, Clarissa Gomes, Nogueira Ferraz, Elba Maria, de Albuquerque, Ulysses Paulino, and de Lima Araújo, Elcida
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TROPICAL dry forests , *DEMOGRAPHY , *HERBACEOUS plants , *RAINFALL , *RAINFALL anomalies , *CAATINGA plants - Abstract
In tropical dry forests, the dynamics of herbaceous populations is strongly influenced by seasonal and annual variation in total rainfall. Moreover, the present and past events of climatic anomalies (e.g. severe drought years and erratic rain before the growth season) may cause drastic reductions in population size, leading to the temporal disappearance of some species. Therefore, this three-year study aimed to assess the dynamics of Delilia biflora (Asteraceae), Commelina obliqua (Commelinaceae), Phaseolus peduncularis (Fabaceae) and Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae). The study was conducted in an area of tropical dry forest known as Caatinga, situated in the experimental station of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute (IPA), in Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil. The Caatinga has a semiarid climate with strong seasonal and annual variation in total precipitation. During this study, there was a climatic anomaly event called the 2006 drought, and also erratic rains in the dry season. The birth, death and survival of plants were evaluated monthly using 105 plots (1 × 1 m). Differences in density between years and seasons were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The explanatory power of present and past precipitation on density was evaluated using the General Linear Model. In this study, we present the first record of Euphorbia heterophylla in the studied area. The studied populations were larger during the rainy seasons and in wet years, and were drastically reduced in the driest year and dry seasons. Commelina obliqua was the least sensitive to variation in total rainfall. Regarding the variation in density, all four species were present during all three years. Birth rates were higher during the rainy season, and death rates were higher in the dry season. Sporadic rain in the dry season caused pronounced seedling recruitment followed by death, and had a strong impact on the dynamics of D. biflora, E. heterophylla and P. peduncularis. The precipitation of the current year explained between 3 % - 18 % of the inter-annual density variation, and the explanatory power of the previous year precipitation on the density of populations ranged from 32 % to 67 %. Therefore, climatic events of the past also have a significant consequence over the four populations. In conclusion, drastic reduction in total precipitation between years may be considered as a predictive parameter for herbaceous plants population size (in the present and future time) in a Northeastern Brazilian tropical dry forest area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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31. Análisis del Índice de Anomalía de Iluvia en la extrema región sur del Estado de Espírito Santo - ES
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Ferreira, Mayara Gabriela Lourenço, Silva, Pablo Christian de Moro, Muniz , Fabiana Miranda, Anastácio, Daniela Cristina Oliveira, Souza Neto, José Pinto de, Almeida , Camila Faria de, Pereira, Cinara Duplin Teixeira, Oliveira, Alisson Souza de, Marques, Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor, and Freitas, Aurivan Soares de
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Lluvia ,Dry and rainy periods ,IAC ,Rainfall ,Períodos secos e chuvosos ,Períodos secos y lluviosos ,Precipitação pluviométrica - Abstract
The objective was to analyze the temporal variability of the recovery capacity in the ottobasin region of the Itapemirim, Benevente and Itabapoana Rivers, south of Espírito Santo, thus identifying the dry and rainy periods through the Rain Anomaly Index. Ten rainfall stations belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were selected, whose series ranged from 1991 to 2020. Periods with positive and negative anomalies were identified in all stations. The Vila Nova Maravilha, Ibitirama and Domingos Martins (DNOS) stations stand out, which have been classified as extremely dry in recent years. On the other hand, the Ponta da Fruta, Fazenda Monte Alegre, Santa Cruz - Caparaó and Burarama stations have a more favorable water condition, in general, there is an alternation between years with positive and negative anomalies. A possible “inflection point” was identified in 2015, from which a likely change in rainfall pattern occurs, when analyzing the average Rain Anomaly Index. The average annual transition of the region was 1466.4 mm, with variations between 975.6 mm (Domingos Martins station (DNOS), natural dry zone - southeast of the Itapemirim River ottobasin) to 2010,1 mm (Vila Nova Maravilha station, rainy natural zone - southwest of ottobacia Rio Benevente). The Burarama station (central region of the Itapemirim River ottobasin) stands out, which despite being located in the natural dry zone, had the second highest total precipitation (1659.6 mm). The months of February, April, May, June, July and September, total precipitation below the average for the region, whose value was 122.2 mm. El objetivo fue analizar la variabilidad temporal de la capacidad de recuperación en la región ottobasin de los ríos Itapemirim, Benevente e Itabapoana, al sur de Espírito Santo, identificando así los períodos secos y lluviosos a través del Índice de Anomalías de Lluvia. Se seleccionaron diez estaciones pluviales pertenecientes al Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INMET), cuya serie varió de 1991 a 2020. Se identificaron períodos con anomalías positivas y negativas en todas las estaciones. Destacan las estaciones de Vila Nova Maravilha, Ibitirama y Domingos Martins (DNOS), que han sido catalogadas como extremadamente secas en los últimos años. Por otro lado, las estaciones Ponta da Fruta, Fazenda Monte Alegre, Santa Cruz - Caparaó y Burarama tienen una condición de agua más favorable, en general, hay una alternancia entre años con anomalías positivas y negativas. En 2015 se identificó un posible “punto de inflexión”, a partir del cual se produce un cambio probable en el patrón de lluvia, al analizar el índice de anomalía de lluvia promedio. La transición media anual de la región fue de 1466,4 mm, con variaciones entre 975,6 mm (estación Domingos Martins (DNOS), zona seca natural - sureste de la ottocuenca del río Itapemirim) a 2010,1 mm (estación Vila Nova Maravilha, zona natural lluviosa - al suroeste de ottobacia Rio Benevente). Destaca la estación de Burarama (región central de la ottobasin del río Itapemirim), que a pesar de estar ubicada en la zona natural seca, tuvo la segunda precipitación total más alta (1659,6 mm). Los meses de febrero, abril, mayo, junio, julio y septiembre presentaron precipitaciones totales por debajo del promedio de la región, cuyo valor fue de 122,2 mm. Objetivou-se analisar a variabilidade temporal da precipitação pluviométrica na região das ottobacias dos Rios Itapemirim, Benevente e Itabapoana, sul do Espírito Santo, identificando assim os períodos secos e chuvosos por meio do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva. Foram selecionadas 10 estações pluviométricas pertencentes ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), cuja a extensão da série foi de 1991 a 2020. Foram identificados em todas as estações períodos com anomalias positivas e negativas. Destaca-se as estações Vila Nova Maravilha, Ibitirama e Domingos Martins (DNOS) que foram classificadas como extremamente secas nos últimos anos. Em contra partida, as estações Ponta da Fruta, Fazenda Monte Alegre, Santa Cruz – Caparaó e Burarama apresentam uma condição hídrica mais favorável, de maneira geral, ocorre alternância entre anos com anomalias positivas e negativas. Foi identificado um possível “ponto de inflexão” em 2015, a partir do qual ocorre uma provável mudança no padrão de chuvas, quando se analise o Índice de Anomalia de Chuva médio. A precipitação média anual da região foi de 1466,4 mm, com variações entre 975,6 mm (estação Domingos Martins (DNOS), zona natural seca – sudeste da ottobacia do Rio Itapemirim) a 2010,1 mm (estação Vila Nova Maravilha, zona natural chuvosa – sudoeste da ottobacia Rio Benevente). Destaca-se a estação Burarama (região central da ottobacia do Rio Itapemirim) que apesar de localizada na zona natural seca, apresentou o segundo maior total precipitado (1659,6 mm). Os meses de fevereiro, abril, maio, junho, julho e setembro, apresentaram totais precipitados inferiores à média da região, cujo valor foi de 122,2 mm.
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- 2021
32. Factores ambientales y climáticos asociados con la ocurrencia de Aedes aegypti
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Salvi, Fabíola Inês, Busato, Maria Assunta, Roman Júnior, Walter Antônio, Korb, Arnildo, and Lutinski, Junir Antônio
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Dengue ,Pluviosidade ,Rainfall ,Lluvia ,Meteorology ,Meteorología ,Meteorologia ,Temperature ,Temperatura - Abstract
Infestation by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and transmission of associated pathologies such as Dengue fever, Zika virus and Chikungunya fever has been a public health problem in Brazil and in the world. The relationship between environmental and climatic factors and A. aegypti infestation has demonstrated regional specificities, alerting health professionals in the adoption of prevention and control strategies. In view of the above, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between environmental and climatic factors with the vector population fluctuation in the municipality of Chapecó, Santa Catarina. Climatic data of monthly minimum, monthly average and monthly maximum temperature, monthly relative humidity, mean monthly atmospheric pressure and monthly total rainfall were obtained from EPAGRI / CIRAM and correlated with the frequency of vector focuses. It was observed that the infestation is not spatially homogeneous and that the type of the property, the type of breeding place, the monthly rainfall, the average temperature and the relative humidity of the air presented significance (p
- Published
- 2021
33. El ambiente y los factores abióticos interfieren en la reproducción de Leptodactylus macrosternum (Anura, Leptodactylidae) aunque no hay cambios en las hormonas sexuales
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Chaves, Marcio Frazao, Moura, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de, Baptista, Josemberg da Silva, Dantas, Alexandre Pereira, Teixeira, Valeria Wanderley, and Teixeira, Álvaro Aguiar Coelho
- Subjects
Rainfall ,Oocyte ,Hormônios sexuais ,Ovocito ,Semiárido ,Sex hormones ,Hormonas sexuales ,Sapos ,Lluvia ,Ranas ,Frogs ,Oócito ,Chuva ,Semiarid - Abstract
In tropical regions presenting severe seasonality, the reproductive activity of many species occurs during the most appropriate periods of the year. Therefore, several physiological and behavioral adjustments are needed during their reproductive cycle. This study aims to evaluate possible changes in histologic and morphometric parameters of the ovaries as well in estrogen and progesterone plasma levels of Leptodactylus macrosternum females and their relationship with temperature and precipitation. Specimens were collected in the Horto Florestal Olho d’Água da Bica - HFOB (06°49´20’’S/36°15´85’’W) area in the municipality of Cuité, brazilian semiarid, every 15 days, only between the months of May to August and November to December. The quantification of population density of oocyte types and dosages of progesterone and estrogen levels were used to determine the reproductive activity of the species. Population densities of oogonia and oocyte II did not vary significantly during the months in which the animals were sampled. Population densities of oocyte I was significantly higher during the months of June (p= 0.04) and August (p= 0.03). The highest values for the population density of oocyte III and IV were found in the months of May (p=0.04) and June (p=0.04). The amounts of estrogen concentrations (pg / ml) and progesterone (pg / ml) did not change significantly over the sampling periods. The population density of the types of oocytes III and IV showed dependence on the variation in rainfall. En las regiones tropicales que presentan una estacionalidad severa, la actividad reproductiva de muchas especies ocurre durante los períodos más apropiados del año. Por lo tanto, se necesitan varios ajustes fisiológicos y de comportamiento durante su ciclo reproductivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los posibles cambios en los parámetros histológicos y morfométricos de los ovarios, así como en los niveles plasmáticos de estrógeno y progesterona de las hembras de Leptodactylus macrosternum y su relación con la temperatura y la precipitación. Los especímenes fueron recolectados en el área Horto Florestal Olho d'Água da Bica - HFOB (06 ° 49´20''S / 36 ° 15´85''W) en el municipio de Cuité, semiárido brasileño, cada 15 días, ocurrieron entre los meses de mayo a agosto y de noviembre a diciembre. Se utilizó la cuantificación de la densidad poblacional de los tipos de ovocitos y las dosis de progesterona y niveles de estrógenos para determinar la actividad reproductiva de la espécie. Las densidades de población de ovogonias y ovocitos II no variaron significativamente durante el experimento. La densidad poblacional de ovocito I fue significativamente mayor durante los meses de junio (p = 0.04) y agosto (p = 0.03). Los valores más altos para la densidad poblacional de ovocito III y IV se encontraron en los meses de mayo (p = 0.04) y junio (p = 0,04). Las cantidades de concentraciones de estrógeno (pg / ml) y progesterona (pg / ml) no cambiaron significativamente durante los períodos de muestreo. La densidad de población de los tipos de ovocitos III y IV mostró dependencia de la variación de las precipitaciones. Em regiões tropicais com forte sazonalidade, a atividade reprodutiva de muitas espécies ocorre nos períodos mais adequados do ano. Portanto, vários ajustes fisiológicos e comportamentais são necessários durante seu ciclo reprodutivo. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar possíveis alterações nos parâmetros histológicos e morfométricos dos ovários, bem como nos níveis plasmáticos de estrogênio e progesterona de fêmeas de Leptodactylus macrosternum e sua relação com a temperatura e precipitação. Os espécimes foram coletados na área do Horto Florestal Olho d'Água da Bica - HFOB (06 ° 49´20''S / 36 ° 15´85''W) no município de Cuité, semiárido brasileiro, a cada 15 dias, apenas entre os meses de maio a agosto e de novembro a dezembro. A quantificação da densidade populacional dos tipos de ovócitos e dosagens de progesterona e níveis de estrogênio foram utilizados para determinar a atividade reprodutiva das espécies. As densidades populacionais de oogônios e oócitos II não variaram significativamente durante os meses em que os animais foram amostrados. As densidades populacionais do oócito I foram significativamente maiores durante os meses de junho (p = 0,04) e agosto (p = 0,03). Os maiores valores para a densidade populacional do oócito III e IV foram encontrados nos meses de maio (p = 0,04 ) e junho (p = 0,04). As quantidades de concentrações de estrogênio (pg / ml) e progesterona (pg / ml) não se alteraram significativamente ao longo dos períodos de amostragem. A densidade populacional dos tipos de ovócitos III e IV mostrou dependência da variação da precipitação.
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- 2021
34. Análisis de los riesgos de inundación próximos a la plaza de la Constitución, en el municipio de Arganda del Rey
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Merino Zamora, Laura del Carmen
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Riesgo de inundación ,Rainfall ,INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA ,Lluvia ,Inundaciones ,Acciones y medidas ,Flood risk ,Áreas urbanas ,Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente-Màster Universitari en Enginyeria Hidràulica i Medi Ambient ,Actions and measures ,Urban areas ,Floods - Abstract
[EN] This master's thesis aims to analyze the flood risks near the Plaza de la Constitución, in the Madrid municipality of Arganda del Rey, where it is known that after episodes of heavy rains the consequences are devastating. It should be noted that, on the one hand, the legislation in force both in the Community of Madrid and in the rest of Spain is advanced in the analysis of flood risk of fluvial origin; but on the other hand, there is a legislative gap regarding the risks of flooding of pluvial origin. The main objectives pursued are to understand the functioning of the hydrological and hydraulic system of the study basin, to know the deficiencies at the regulatory level existing in the municipality of Arganda del Rey with respect to the analysis and management of flood risks and, finally, to propose a series of actions to reduce flood risk. It is emphasized that flood analyses are not intended to provide a faithful representation of reality, but to lead to results from which duly justified conclusions can be drawn and which can help the manager when making decisions regarding flood risk management. The methodology followed is inspired by the methodology for the development of the National Floodplain Mapping System (Ministry of the Environment, Rural and Marine Affairs, 2011), the methodology used for the risk characterization of the ARPSIs in the Tajo Hydrographic Demarcation (Tajo Hydrographic Confederation, 2015), and the Complete and Quantitative methodology for flood risk analysis in urban areas (Escuder-Bueno et al., 2013). The computer tool used for the flood study is "Tygron" and the tool used for the risk analysis is "iPresas". From the study of the basin, it was found that the limiting factors for subsequent hydrological and hydraulic modeling are the climate, vegetation and land use, the physical characteristics of the soil (infiltration rate and porosity), the sewerage system and the relief. Also, the existing deficiencies in the Spanish legislation are identified and specifically in the municipality of Arganda del Rey, where there is currently neither a Municipal Action Plan against the risk of flooding nor an Emergency Plan against floods. After the simulation under five (5) different scenarios, the maximum flooded area is obtained for several affected areas (depth and velocity), as well as the water accumulation areas capable of storing a significant volume of water and delaying the peak of the flood. The main areas affected are the Plaza de la Constitución, Calle Real and its surroundings; the N-III road and MAXI DIA supermarket; and Avenida de Valencia. In addition, a sensitivity analysis contrasts the results obtained after the simulation in scenario 0 (T=10 years) with the information publicly available after the intense precipitation event of August 26, 2019 (10-year return period), in which the correct operation of the model is verified. Then, the results are analyzed from the point of view of social and economic risk, obtaining a social risk value of 31 potentially affected inhabitants per year and economic losses of 228,016 € per year. Finally, both structural and non-structural measures capable of reducing flood risk in the main areas affected by flooding as well as in other areas of the basin are theoretically proposed., [ES] En el presente trabajo de fin de master se pretende realizar el análisis de los riesgos de inundación próximos a la plaza de la Constitución, en el municipio madrileño de Arganda del Rey, dónde se conoce que tras episodios de lluvias intensas las consecuencias son devastadoras. Destacar que la legislación vigente tanto en la Comunidad de Madrid como en el resto de España, está avanzada en el análisis de riesgo de inundación de origen fluvial; pero en cambio, que existe un vacío legislativo respecto a los riesgos de inundación de origen pluvial. Los objetivos principales que se persiguen consisten en entender el funcionamiento del sistema hidrológico e hidráulico de la cuenca de estudio, conocer las deficiencias a nivel normativo existentes en el municipio de Arganda del Rey respecto al análisis y gestión de los riesgos de inundación y, por último, proponer una serie de actuaciones de reducción del riesgo de inundación. Se hace hincapié en que los análisis de inundaciones no pretenden realizar una representación fiel de la realidad, sino conducir a unos resultados de los que se puedan extraer unas conclusiones debidamente justificadas y que puedan ayudar al gestor a la hora de la toma de decisiones en lo que respecta la gestión de los riesgos de inundación. La metodología seguida se inspira en la metodología para el desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Medio Marino, 2011), la metodología empleada para la caracterización del riesgo de las ARPSIs en la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Tajo (Confederación Hidrográfica del Tajo, 2015), y la metodología Completa y Cuantitativa de análisis de riesgo de inundación en zonas urbanas (Escuder-Bueno et al., 2013). La herramienta informática empleada para el estudio de inundaciones es “Tygron” y la herramienta empleada para el análisis del riesgo es “iPresas”. Del estudio de la cuenca se extrae que los factores limitantes para la posterior modelización hidrológica e hidráulica son el clima, la vegetación y uso del suelo, las características físicas del suelo (velocidad de infiltración y porosidad), el sistema de alcantarillado y el relieve. También, se identifican las deficiencias existentes en la legislación española y concretamente en el municipio de Arganda del Rey, donde actualmente no existe ni un Plan de Actuación Municipal frente al riesgo de inundación ni un Plan de Emergencia contra las inundaciones. Tras la simulación bajo cinco (5) escenarios distintos, se obtiene la máxima superficie inundada para varias zonas afectadas (calado y velocidad), así como las zonas de acumulación de agua capaces de almacenar un volumen importarte de agua y retrasar el pico de la avenida. Las principales áreas afectadas son la plaza de la Constitución, la calle Real y su entorno; la carretera N-III y supermercado MAXI DIA; y la avenida de Valencia. Además, mediante un análisis de sensibilidad se contrastan los resultados obtenidos tras la simulación en el escenario 0 (T=10 años) con la información disponible públicamente tras el evento de precipitación intensa ocurrida el 26 de agosto de 2019 (de periodo de retorno de 10 años), en el que se comprueba el correcto funcionamiento del modelo. Después, se analizan los resultados desde el punto de vista del riesgo social y económico, obteniendo un valor de riesgo social de 31 habitantes potencialmente afectados al año y unas pérdidas económicas de 228.016 € por año. Finalmente, se proponen de manera teórica medidas tanto estructurales como no estructurales capaces de reducir el riesgo de inundación en las principales áreas afectadas por la inundación así como en otras zonas de la cuenca.
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- 2021
35. Fenología reproductiva de Carapichea ipecauanha (Brot.) L. Andersson y su correlación con la temperatura media del aire y las precipitaciones
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Campelo, Meiciane Ferreira, Lameira, Osmar Alves, Moreira , Ruanny Karen Vidal Pantoja Portal, and Ramires, Allan Cristiam Santos
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Pluviosidade ,Rainfall ,Fenología reproductiva ,Lluvia ,Ipeca ,Reproductive phenology ,La temperatura ,Temperature ,Fenologia reprodutiva ,Temperatura - Abstract
The species Carapichea ipecacuanha is a reference among medicinal plants with active principles of economic relevance due to the presence of two isoquinoline alkaloids: emetin and cephaline. Phenology being the branch of ecology considered fundamental for understanding the dynamics of plant communities and strategies for the sustainable use of species. The objective of this work was to register the phenophases of Carapichea ipecacuanha, correlating them with the climatic elements, in order to indicate the most suitable time for the collection and use of the plant material of the species. The frequencies were recorded weekly in the period from 2015 to 2019, the activity index, correlation between phenophases and climatic elements and percentages of days of phenophases were evaluated. The results show that the species, flora and fruit every month of the year, the phenological activity showed differences between accessions, the Spearman correlation index showed a significant correlation between fruiting and climatic factors. Variation in the pattern of occurrence of the number of days of flowering and fruiting was recorded between the accession groups, with the maximum number of days of flowering occurring in October and November, and fruiting with a peak especially in March and April. However, it is suggested the collection of plant material of the species for medicinal in the months of August and September, whose registration of the number of days that occur the phenophases undergoes reductions. It is pertinent to carry out further studies on the correlation of phenology with climatic events considering the each access performance individually. La especie Carapichea ipecacuanha es una referencia entre las plantas medicinales con principios activos de relevancia económica debido a la presencia de dos alcaloides isoquinolínicos: emetina y cefalina. La fenología es la rama de la ecología considerada fundamental para comprender la dinámica de las comunidades vegetales y las estrategias para el uso sostenible de las especies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue registrar las fenofases de Carapichea ipecacuanha, correlacionándolas con los elementos climáticos, con el fin de indicar el momento más adecuado para la recolección y uso del material vegetal de la especie. Las frecuencias se registraron semanalmente en el período de 2015 a 2019, se evaluó el índice de actividad, correlación entre fenofases y elementos climáticos y porcentajes de días de fenofases. Los resultados muestran que la especie, flora y fruto todos los meses del año, la actividad fenológica mostró diferencias entre accesiones, el índice de correlación de Spearman mostró una correlación significativa entre factores fructíferos y climáticos. Se registró variación en el patrón de ocurrencia del número de días de floración y fructificación entre los grupos de accesiones, registrándose el número máximo de días de floración en octubre y noviembre, y la fructificación con un destaque en marzo y abril. Sin embargo, se sugiere la recolección de material vegetal de la especie para uso medicinal en los meses de agosto y septiembre, cuyo registro del número de días que ocurren las fenofases sufre reducciones. Es pertinente realizar más estudios sobre la correlación de la fenología con los eventos climáticos considerando el desempeño del cada acceso de manera individual. A espécie Carapichea ipecacuanha é uma referência entre as plantas medicinais com princípios ativos de relevância econômica devido à presença de dois alcaloides isoquinolínicos: a emetina e a cefalina. Sendo a fenologia o ramo da ecologia considerada fundamental para o entendimento da dinâmica das comunidades vegetais e estratégias para o uso sustentável de espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar as fenofases de Carapichea ipecacuanha, correlacionando-as com os elementos climáticos, com a finalidade de indicar a época mais adequada para a coleta e utilização do material vegetal da espécie. As frequências foram registradas semanalmente no período de 2015 a 2019, avalivou-se o índice de atividade, correlação entre fenofases e elementos climáticos e percentuais de dias de fenofases. Os resultados evidenciam que a espécie, flora e frutifica todos os meses do ano, a atividade fenológica exibiu diferenças entre acessos, o índice de correlação de Spearman apontou correlação significativa entre frutificação e fatores climáticos. Registrou-se variação no padrão de ocorrência de número de dias de floração e frutificação entre os grupos de acessos, sendo o número de dias máximo de ocorrência de floração notada em outubro, e frutificação com destaque em março e abril. Contudo sugere-se a coleta de material vegetal da espécie para uso medicinal nos meses de agosto e setembro, cujo registro de número de dias que ocorrem as fenofases sofre reduções. È pertinente executar posteriores estudos de correlação da fenologia com eventos climáticos considerando individualmente o desempenho de cada acesso.
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- 2021
36. Variabilidad espacial y temporal de la precipitación en el Estado de Tocantins, Brasil
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Silva Neto, Virgilio Lourenço, Souza, Lucas Barbosa e, Viola, Marcelo Ribeiro, and Morais, Marco Antonio Vieira
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Pluviosidade ,Rainfall ,Lluvia ,Geoestadística ,Geostatistics ,Geoestatística ,Mann-Kendall - Abstract
This study aimed to map monthly and annual rainfall based on geostatistical procedures and to analyze spatial and temporal rainfall trends for the state of Tocantins. Historical series of monthly and annual precipitation were constituted in a standardized period between 1988 and 2019, generating average values to proceed with the spatialization and interpolation of the data. The exploratory analysis of the data was performed based on trend graphs for annual precipitation, which demonstrate the general behavior presented in this analysis between the different events under study, submitting the data to the Mann-Kendall trend test. We proceeded with the adjustment of the theoretical semivariogram model, from obtaining the values for the structural parameters such as the nugget effect, the contribution and the reach. For monthly rainfall, the degree of spatial dependence for the models with the best performance varied between 72.4% and 100%. From the spatial point of view, the southeast of Tocantins presented the lowest precipitation values and the month of December the highest. As for the temporal bias, during the month of July, the center-south portion of Tocantins presented very low rates, between 0 and 2 mm, while in the rainiest months, from December to March, the monthly precipitation varied between 382 mm (January) and 262 mm (February). The months between July and September are the critical drought period in Tocantins, when the rainfall in the period varied from 0 to 25 mm. El objetivo de este estudio es mapear las precipitaciones mensuales y anuales con base en procedimientos geoestadísticos y analizar las tendencias espaciales y temporales de las precipitaciones para el estado de Tocantins. Se constituyeron series históricas de precipitación mensual y anual en un período estandarizado entre 1988 y 2019, generando valores promedio para proceder con la espacialización e interpolación de los datos. El análisis exploratorio de los datos se realizó con base en gráficas de tendencia de precipitación anual, las cuales demuestran el comportamiento general presentado en este análisis entre los diferentes eventos en estudio, sometiendo los datos a la prueba de tendencia de Mann-Kendall. Se procedió al ajuste del modelo de semivariograma teórico, a partir de la obtención de los valores de los parámetros estructurales como el efecto pepita, el aporte y el alcance. Para la precipitación mensual, el grado de dependencia espacial para los modelos con mejor desempeño varió entre 72,4% y 100%. Desde el punto de vista espacial, el sureste de Tocantins presentó los valores de precipitación más bajos y el mes de diciembre los más altos. En cuanto al sesgo temporal, durante el mes de julio, la porción centro-sur de Tocantins presentó tasas muy bajas, entre 0 y 2 mm, mientras que en los meses más lluviosos, de diciembre a marzo, la precipitación mensual varió entre 382 mm (enero ) y 262 mm (febrero). Los meses entre julio y septiembre son el período crítico de sequía en Tocantins, cuando la precipitación en el período varió de 0 a 25 mm. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar o mapeamento da precipitação pluvial mensal e anual com base em procedimentos da geoestatística e analisar as tendências espaciais e temporais das chuvas para o estado do Tocantins. Foram constituídas séries históricas de precipitação mensal e anual em um período padronizado entre 1988 e 2019, gerando-se valores médios para proceder com a espacialização e interpolação dos dados. A análise exploratória dos dados foi realizada a partir de gráficos de tendência para a precipitação anual, que demonstram o comportamento geral apresentado nesta análise entre os diferentes eventos em estudo, submetendo os dados ao teste de tendências de Mann-Kendall. Procedeu-se com o ajuste do modelo de semivariograma teórico, a partir da obtenção dos valores para os parâmetros estruturais como o efeito pepita, a contribuição e o alcance. Para a precipitação mensal, o grau de dependência espacial para os modelos com melhor desempenho variou entre 72,4% e 100%. Sob o ponto de vista espacial, o sudeste do Tocantins apresentou os menores valores de precipitação e o mês de dezembro os maiores. Já pelo viés temporal, durante o mês de julho, a porção centro-sul tocantinense apresentou índices muito reduzidos, entre 0 e 2 mm, enquanto nos meses mais chuvosos, de dezembro a março, a precipitação mensal variou entre 382 mm (janeiro) e 262 mm (fevereiro). Os meses entre julho e setembro são o período crítico de estiagem no Tocantins, quando a precipitação no período apresentou variação de 0 a 25 mm.
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- 2021
37. Simulación hidrológica en dos subcuencas de la cuenca del río Zaza de Cuba.
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Rodríguez López, Yakelin and Marrero de León, Norberto
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RESERVOIRS , *RAINFALL , *RUNOFF , *WATERSHEDS , *FLOOD forecasting , *HYDROLOGIC models - Abstract
The study of the rainfall - runoff process is essential for flood forecasting and implementation of early warning systems. This study reports a method that can be used in hydrological modeling of runoff extreme maximums. The case study is the Zaza river basin, where the largest reservoir in Cuba is located. In the process of calibration-validation of parameters, it was possible to obtain a model that represents the rainfall-runoff process in the two gauged sub-basins in this area (Paso Ventura and Yayabo), causing errors in the estimation of the maximum flow rate less than 16 %. The model was implemented using the hydrological simulation software HEC-HMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
38. Efecto de la precipitación y el periodo estacional sobre los patrones de desplazamiento al centro educativo en niños y adolescentes de Granada.
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Segura-Díaz, José Manuel, Herrador-Colmenero, Manuel, Martínez-Téllez, Borja, and Chillón, Palma
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HEALTH behavior in children , *PHYSICAL activity , *CHILDREN , *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation , *SEASONS , *COMMUTING , *RAINFALL - Abstract
Background: Active commuting (walking or cycling) to school contributes to increase physical activity levels in young people. Meteorological conditions might have a remarkable influence on this behaviour. Objective: The aim is to study the impact of the rainfall and seasonality on the mode of commuting to primary school or secondary school in children and adolescents from Granada. Methods: A total of 384 students (166 children and 218 adolescents) between 8-18 years from 2 different schools (primary and secondary schools) of Granada took part in the research. Participants filled a questionnaire about their weekly pattern on the mode of commuting to school in the three seasons of the academic year. Data about the rainfall in those three weeks was obtained from the National Agency of Meteorology. The association between rainfall and seasonality with mode of commuting to school was studied by McNemar test. Results: No significant associations were spotted between the rainfall and the seasonality with mode of commuting in children and adolescents (p>0.05) except for: a) a positive effect of rainfall in the percentage of children who usually walked to school between a rainy day and a non-rainy day in spring (p=0.031) and b) a weak effect of the seasonality on the percentage of children and adolescents who usually walk between autumn and winter (45.8% and 37.5% walk to school) and between autumn and spring (59.7% and 56%) respectively (p=0.07). Conclusions: The meteorological conditions do not seem to influence the mode of commuting to school in children and adolescents from Granada, which might indicate that this behavior keeps a constant pattern throughout the whole academic year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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39. Cambios en las precipitaciones e incidencia de leptospirosis en humanos en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, de 2001 a 2017
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Silva, Talita Ribeiro, Meirelles-Bartoli, Raphaella Barbosa, Blankenheim , Thalita Masoti, Santos , Renata Ferreira dos, Martins, Andressa Vaz, Ramos, Dirceu Guilherme de Souza, Amaral, Andreia Vitor Couto do, Assis, Nivaldo Aparecido de, and Mathias, Luis Antonio
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Rainfall ,Pluviosidade ,Sazonalidade ,Lluvia ,Seasonality ,Leptospira spp ,Sazonalidad - Abstract
Leptospirosis is a water-borne disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between rainfall and the incidence rate of human leptospirosis in the State of Minas Gerais from January 2001 to December 2017. The annual distribution demonstrated a seasonality pattern of leptospirosis incidence. Over the months, the highest occurrence of the disease was observed in the rainy seasons, from October to March. In the months of transition between the rainy season and drought (April) and the dry season to the rainy season (September) a relevant number of cases that could be associated with the rains of the previous month or even the late and early season rains were still observed respectively. In the other months, the cases that occurred do not present a clear relationship with precipitation because they are months with low rainfall. Analyzing the historical series, leptospirosis peaks occurred after a peak of precipitation. The present study demonstrated that in the State of Minas Gerais leptospirosis is endemic and that the seasonality of cases is strongly associated with increased rainfall. La leptospirosis es una enfermedad transmitida por el agua causada por bacterias del género Leptospira. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las precipitaciones y la tasa de incidencia de leptospirosis humana en el estado de Minas Gerais desde enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2017. Se realizó un estudio observacional del tipo ecológico. La distribución anual mostró un patrón de estacionalidad en los casos de leptospirosis. A lo largo de los meses, la mayor ocurrencia de la enfermedad se observó en los períodos lluviosos, de octubre a marzo. En los meses de transición entre la estación lluviosa y seca (abril) y de la estación seca a lluviosa (septiembre), se observó un mayor número de casos, los cuales podrían estar asociados con las lluvias del mes anterior o incluso con las lluvias de fines y comienzos de estación, respectivamente. En los otros meses, los casos que ocurrieron no tienen relación evidente con la precipitación, ya que son meses con poca precipitación. Al analizar la serie histórica, se encontró que los picos en la tasa de incidencia de leptospirosis ocurrieron después de los picos de precipitación. El presente estudio demostró que en el estado de Minas Gerais, la leptospirosis es endémica y que la estacionalidad de los casos está fuertemente asociada con el aumento de las precipitaciones. A leptospirose é uma doença de veiculação hídrica causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre a precipitação pluviométrica e a taxa de incidência de leptospirose humana no Estado de Minas Gerais de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2017. Foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo ecológico. A distribuição anual demonstrou um padrão de sazonalidade dos casos de leptospirose. os meses, a maior ocorrência da doença foi observada nos períodos chuvosos, de outubro a março. Nos meses de transição entre a estação chuvosa e a seca (abril) e da estação seca para a chuvosa (setembro) ainda foi observado um número maior de casos que poderiam estar associados às chuvas do mês anterior ou ainda às chuvas de final e início de estação, respectivamente. Nos demais meses, os casos que ocorreram não apresentam relação evidente com a precipitação, pois são meses com baixa pluviosidade. Analisando a série histórica verificou-se que picos da taxa de incidência de leptospirose ocorreram após picos de precipitação. O presente estudo demonstrou que no Estado de Minas Gerais a leptospirose é endêmica e que a sazonalidade dos casos está fortemente associada ao aumento da precipitação pluviométrica.
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- 2021
40. Modelado hidrológico e hidráulico con SWMM - Storm Water Management Model en la cuenca urbana de Riacho Fundo I - Distrito Federal
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Costa, Maria Elisa Leite, Tsuji, Thays Mitsuko, and Koide, Sérgio
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Rainfall ,Calibración ,Lluvia ,Caudal ,Vazão ,Urban Drainage ,Calibração ,Calibration ,Drenaje Urbano ,Flow ,Chuva ,Drenagem Urbana - Abstract
This paper is about a hydrological and hydraulic modeling at the urban drainage system in the Administrative Region of Riacho Fundo I in the Federal District from the rainfall and runoff data monitored in 21 events between 2018 and 2019 with the SWMM model. The objective of the research was to analyze the calibration of the runoff model for the study area in order to validate the use of the tool in the management of urban drainage. The PCSWMM program was used, which has the SRTC automatic calibrator, which allows the variation of the parameters through the analysis of uncertainties. The simulation was carried out continuously, with the analysis of each event individually, with the event on 03/12/19 having the best objective functions when calibrated (ISE = 4.64, NSE = 0.851, R² = 0.865, SEE = 0.466, LSE = 17.4, RMSE = 3.28). With the calibrated model, 20 events were validated and although 40% of them presented negative NSE due to overestimation of Qpico, the model was considered satisfactory, considering that this problem can be attributed to the difficulty of measuring large flows. Therefore, the accomplishment in the calibration and validation of the proposed hydrological and hydraulic model for the region was achieved. These tools are important for the management of rainwater, including the dimensioning of systems with compensatory measures. Esta investigación modeló hidrológica e hidráulicamente el sistema de drenaje urbano en la Región Administrativa de Riacho Fundo I en el Distrito Federal a partir de los datos de lluvia y caudal monitoreados en 21 eventos entre 2018 y 2019 con el modelo SWMM. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la calibración del modelo de escorrentía para el área de estudio con el fin de validar el uso de la herramienta en la gestión del drenaje urbano. Se utilizó el programa PCSWMM, que cuenta con el calibrador automático SRTC, que permite la variación de los parámetros mediante el análisis de incertidumbres. La simulación se realizó de forma continua, con el análisis de cada evento individualmente, teniendo el evento del 03/12/19 las mejores funciones objetivo al calibrarse (ISE = 4.64, NSE = 0.851, R² = 0.865, SEE= 0,466, LSE = 17,4, RMSE = 3,28). Con el modelo calibrado se validaron 20 eventos y aunque el 40% de ellos presentó NSE negativo por sobreestimación de Qpico, el modelo se consideró satisfactorio, considerando que este problema se puede atribuir a la dificultad de medir grandes caudales. Por lo tanto, se logró la calibración y validación del modelo hidrológico e hidráulico propuesto para la región. Estas herramientas son importantes para la gestión del agua de lluvia, incluido el dimensionamiento de sistemas con medidas compensatorias. Este artigo trata-se de uma modelagem hidrológica e hidráulica do sistema de drenagem urbana na Região Administrativa do Riacho Fundo I no Distrito Federal a partir dos dados de chuva e vazão monitorados em 21 eventos entre 2018 e 2019 com o modelo SWMM - Storm Water Management Model. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a calibração do modelo chuva-vazão para a área de estudo a fim de validar o uso da ferramenta na gestão de drenagem urbana. Foi utilizado o programa PCSWMM que dispõe do calibrador automático SRTC, que permite a variação dos parâmetros por meio da análise de incertezas. A simulação foi feita de maneira contínua, com análise de cada evento individualmente, sendo o evento do dia 12/03/19 o que apresentou as melhores funções objetivos quando calibrados (ISE= 4,64, NSE= 0,851, R²=0,865, SEE=0,466, LSE=17,4, RMSE=3,28). Com o modelo calibrado, 20 eventos foram validados e apesar de 40% deles apresentarem o NSE negativo devido a superestimação da Qpico, o modelo foi considerado satisfatório, tendo em vista que este problema pode ser atribuído a dificuldade de medição de grandes vazões. Logo, o êxito na calibração e validação do modelo hidrológicos e hidráulico proposto para a região foi atingido. Essas ferramentas são importantes para o manejo das águas pluviais, inclusive para o dimensionamento dos sistemas com medidas compensatórias.
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- 2021
41. COVID-19: Do weather conditions influence the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Brasília and Manaus, Brazil?
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Cristiane Faiad, Pedro Marques-Quinteiro, and Francisco Antonio Coelho Junior
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Rainfall ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Climate change ,Public policy ,lluvia ,Humedad ,Environmental health ,Tropical climate ,Pandemic ,medicine ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Public health ,Brasil ,Temperature ,Outbreak ,Humidity ,Temperatura ,Coronavirus ,Geography ,Sustainability ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Covid-19 ,Brazil - Abstract
The global outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) disease is affecting every part of human lives. Several researchers investigated to understand how temperature, humidity and air pollution had an influence on COVID-19 transmission. Transmission of COVID-19 due to temperature and humidity is a pertinent question. There is a lack of study of Covid-19 in tropical climate countries. This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Brasília and Manaus, two states of Brazil. The research topic is important to know how the climate affects or predisposes the spread of COVID-19. This knowledge will provide elements to decision-makers regarding health and public health standards and decisions. This study employed a secondary data analysis of surveillance data of Covid-19 from the Ministry of Health of Brazil and weather from the National Institute of Meteorology of Brazil. These are Brazilian public organizations that, on a daily basis, record this information on a systematic basis of dates. They are central federal organizations, responsible for data analysis and public policy planning to combat Covid-19. The data are reliables and obtained from reliable government sources. We systematically record all information for 51 days, during a period of high disease growth in the country. The components of weather include low temperature (°C), high temperature (°C), temperature average (°C), humidity (%), and amount of rainfall (mm). Pearson-rank correlation test showed that high temperature (r=.643; p
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- 2021
42. Environmental influence on the reproductive strategy of Helogenes marmoratus (Siluriformes: Cetopsidae) in the Amazonian streams
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Nathalia C. López-Rodríguez, Andrews H. F. Leão, Rossineide M. Rocha, Bruno S. Prudente, and Luciano F. A. Montag
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Rainfall ,Variables ambientales ,Life History ,Reproductive strategy ,Estrategia reproductiva ,Aquatic Science ,Environmental variables ,Lluvia ,Reproductive traits ,QL1-991 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Historia de vida ,Zoology ,Características reproductivas ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The reproductive strategy of a species must be adjusted to variations in environmental conditions to guarantee population balance. Hydrological fluctuations in Amazonian streams of terra firme (non-flooded) are controlled primarily by local rainfall. Fish assemblages are composed predominantly of species of small size. We investigated the reproductive strategy of the cryptic catfish Helogenes marmoratus and assessed the influence of environmental variables (e.g., rainfall, conductivity, habitat descriptors) on its reproductive activity in a catchment of the Guamá River in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Through monthly collections between March 2019 and March 2020, we identified an extended reproductive period between July 2019 and March 2020. Males mature at smaller sizes than females (♂ = 27.41 mm; ♀ = 31.36 mm). We confirmed batch spawning, low fecundity (59.55 ± 22.76 stage IV oocytes), and large oocytes (1.24 ± 0.15 mm). Our results indicated that H. marmoratus strategy occupies an intermediate place between opportunistic and equilibrium gradient. Multiple regressions showed that thalweg depth, electrical conductivity, leaf litter, and rainfall are important drivers of reproductive activity of females of H. marmoratus, explaining 32% of the variation of the GSI. Our study provides evidence of differentiated reproductive response between the sexes to environmental variables. RESUMEN La estrategia reproductiva de una especie debe ajustarse a las variaciones de las condiciones ambientales para garantizar el equilibrio poblacional. En los riachos amazónicos de tierra firme las fluctuaciones hidrológicas están controladas principalmente por las lluvias locales, predominando especies de peces de pequeño porte. Investigamos la estrategia reproductiva de Helogenes marmoratus y la influencia de variables ambientales (e.g., lluvia, conductividad, descriptores del hábitat) en su actividad reproductiva. Colectamos mensualmente entre marzo de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en una microcuenca del río Guamá, en la Amazonia oriental brasileña. Identificamos un período reproductivo prolongado entre julio de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Los machos comienzan a reproducirse con un menor tamaño (♂ = 27.41; ♀ = 31.36 mm). Confirmamos desove parcial, baja fecundidad (59.55 ± 22.76 ovócitos) y ovócitos grandes (1.24 ± 0.15 mm). La estrategia reproductiva de H. marmoratus ocupa un lugar intermedio entre el gradiente oportunista y de equilibrio. Regresiones múltiples destacan la importancia de la profundidad, la conductividad eléctrica, los bancos de hojas y la lluvia como reguladores de la actividad reproductiva de las hembras, explicando 32% de la variación del IGS. Nuestro estudio proporciona evidencia de una respuesta reproductiva diferenciada entre los sexos a las variables ambientales.
- Published
- 2021
43. Análisis estadístico de las precipitaciones de Serra Talhada y São Bento do Una - Pernambuco, Brasil
- Author
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Medeiros, Raimundo Mainar de, França, Manoel Vieira de, Saboya, Luciano Marcelo Fallé, Holanda, Romildo Morant de, Rolim Neto, Fernando Cartaxo, and Araújo, Wagner Rodolfo de
- Subjects
Pluviosidade ,Lluvia ,Semi árido ,Rainfall ,Semiárido ,Frequência pluvial ,Rain frequency ,Frecuencia de lluvias ,Semiarid - Abstract
The objective is to study and analyze monthly and interannual rainfall fluctuations for São Bento do Una and Serra Talhada between (1920 to 2017) coupled with the techniques of frequency analysis and statistics. In São Bento do Una, rains are concentrated between December and July, with significant variations, observed each month, with months and years with zero rainfall or close to that, for 70.41% of the cases (69 years), rainfall was registered less than seven hundred mm. In Serra Talhada the rains were concentrated in December to May, with significant fluctuations with 82.65% of the cases (81 years old) presented rains below eight hundred mm. The rainfall climatic fluctuations were identified with irregularity and with concentration in some days of the year of extreme rains, causing setbacks to the population. The availability of water has repercussions in all economic activities, for the coexistence of situations caused by extreme climatic events, caused by the variability in the studied areas, it is essential to inform the rainfall behavior, incorporated into natural resources. El objetivo es estudiar y analizar las fluctuaciones de las precipitaciones mensuales e interanuales para São Bento do Una y Serra Talhada entre (1920 a 2017) junto con las técnicas de análisis de frecuencia y estadística. En São Bento do Una, las lluvias se concentran entre diciembre y julio, con variaciones significativas, observadas cada mes, con meses y años con lluvia nula o cercana a eso, para el 70,41% de los casos (69 años), se registró precipitación menos de setecientos mm. En Serra Talhada las lluvias se concentraron en diciembre a mayo, con fluctuaciones significativas con 82,65% de los casos (81 años) presentaron lluvias por debajo de los ochocientos mm. Las fluctuaciones climáticas de las precipitaciones se identificaron con irregularidad y con concentración en algunos días del año de lluvias extremas, provocando retrocesos a la población. La disponibilidad de agua tiene repercusiones en todas las actividades económicas, por la coexistencia de situaciones provocadas por eventos climáticos extremos, provocadas por la variabilidad en las áreas estudiadas, es fundamental informar el comportamiento de las lluvias, incorporadas a los recursos naturales. Tem-se como objetivo estudar e analisar as flutuações pluviais mensais e interanual para São Bento do Una e Serra Talhada entre (1920 a 2017) acoplada as técnicas das análises frequenciais e da estatística. Em São Bento do Una as chuvas se concentram entre dezembro a julho, com variações expressivas, observadas em cada mês, com meses e ano com zero de chuvas ou próximo disso, para 70,41% dos casos (69 anos) registrou-se precipitações inferiores a setecentos mm. Em Serra Talhada as chuvas se concentraram em dezembro a maio, com oscilações significativas com 82,65% dos casos (81 anos) apresentaram chuvas abaixo dos oitocentos mm. As oscilações climáticas pluviais foram identificadas com irregularidade e com concentração em alguns dias do ano de extremos pluviais, causando contratempos à população. A disponibilidade hídrica repercute em todas as atividades econômicas, para a convivência das situações ocasionadas por eventos climáticos extremos, ocasionados pelas variabilidades nas áreas estudadas, é indispensável a informação do comportamento pluvial, incorporado aos recursos naturais.
- Published
- 2020
44. Potencialidades climáticas para el cultivo de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus.
- Author
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Hernández Somoza, Francisco F., Caraballoso Torrecilla, Víctor M., and García Ruiz, Miguel E.
- Subjects
- *
SUGAR industry , *SUGARCANE , *STRATEGIC planning , *RAINFALL , *TEMPERATURE effect , *HYDRAULICS - Abstract
The sugar industry and their derived occupy an important space in the strategies of a country's development; both require the increment in its efficiency. The main objective of the investigation was to identify from the climate perspective the potentials areas able for the cultivation of sugarcane in Sancti Spíritus province. The delimitation of these areas was generated from the information of the climate in 180 points located in the whole province; they coincide with the pluviometers that the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources (NIHR) works. For the calculation of the climate in each points were used the rainfall averages of 40 years (1961-2000) and the estimated average of temperature, taking into consideration 33 years of historical data (1977-2009), With this information it was estimated the satisfaction indexes of hydraulics necessities and grades days of cultivation growing. As an output of the investigation was obtained a map of the province in which it was used the program Surfe v 8.0, with the grill method Kriging. Also a map of aptitude climatic of the sugarcane was achieved for the province, with some recommendations for the commercial cultivations and for other uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
45. Comparação de parâmetros da distribuição de valores extremos generalizada associada a eventos extremos de precipitação na América Central
- Author
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Luis Ramón Cid Serrano, Eric J. Alfaro Martínez, Helen Guillén Oviedo, Universidad del Bio Bio [Concepción] (UBB), and Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR)
- Subjects
General Computer Science ,General Mathematics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,rainfall ,General Physics and Astronomy ,lluvia ,02 engineering and technology ,vertiente del Pacífico ,vertente do Pacífico ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Pacific slope ,vertiente del Caribe ,distribuição de valores extremos ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:Science ,lcsh:Science (General) ,extreme value distribution ,chuva ,América Central ,General Social Sciences ,Central America ,General Chemistry ,15. Life on land ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,distribución de valores extremos ,Geography ,xtreme value distribution ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Caribbean slope ,vertente do Caribe ,lcsh:Q ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0210 nano-technology ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Humanities ,lcsh:Q1-390 - Abstract
International audience; The generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) was used to model extreme rainfall events in Central America for a period of 30 years, beginning in 1971. Data consisted of daily rainfall records of 103 meteorological stations located throughout the isthmus. Central America was divided into 3 regions: Pacific, Caribbean and an intermediate zone. A bootstrap hypothesis test was used to compare the parameters of location, scale and form of the 3 regions. The results of the study showed significant differences between the 3 regions, mainly in terms of location and scale parameters.; Se utilizó la distribución de valor extremo generalizada (DVEG) para modelar los eventos de lluvia extrema en América Central, durante 30 años, a partir de 1971. Los datos consistieron en registros de precipitaciones diarias en 103 estaciones meteorológicas localizadas en todo el istmo. El área de América Central se dividió en 3 regiones: el Pacífico, el Caribe y la zona intermedia. Con el objetivo de comparar los parámetros de ubicación, escala y forma de la DVEG de esas 3 localidades, se utilizó la prueba de hipótesis Bootstrap. Los resultados del estudio muestran diferencias significativas, especialmente en los parámetros de ubicación y escala entre las 3 regiones.; A distribuição generalizada de valores extremos (DVEG) foi utilizada para modelar os eventos de precipitação máxima na América Central durante 30 anos, a partir de 1971. Os dados consistiram em registros de precipitações diárias em 103 estações meteorológicas localizadas ao longo do istmo. A área da América Central foi dividida em 3 regiões: o Pacífico, o Caribe e a zona intermediária. A fim de comparar os parâmetros de localização, escala e forma da DVEG desses 3 locais, foram utilizados os testes de hipóteses de Bootstrap. Os resultados do estudo mostram diferenças significativas, especialmente nos parâmetros de localização e escala entre as 3 regiões.
- Published
- 2020
46. Implementation of an alternative system for collecting and potabilizing rainwater for access to drinking wáter for the inhabitants of Isla Caballo, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
- Author
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Gómez-Solís, William-Alonso and Salinas Acosta, Adolfo
- Subjects
ISLA CABALLO (COSTA RICA) ,DRINKING WATER ,PUNTARENAS (COSTA RICA) ,AGUA POTABLE ,WATER SUPPLY ,AGUA ,CAPTACIÓN DE AGUAS ,WATER RESOURCES ,WATER CATCHMENT ,WATER ,RECURSOS HIDRICOS ,LLUVIA ,RAINFALL ,ABASTECIMIENTO DE AGUA - Abstract
El presente trabajo se enmarca en el proceso de sistematización de las experiencias desarrolladas dentro del proyecto: “Acceso, disponibilidad y uso sustentable del agua potable por medio de la implementación de un sistema de captación de agua lluvia (SCALL) para los pobladores de la Isla Caballo.” De la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (UNA). Sede Regional Chorotega, por el Centro Mesoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible del Trópico Seco (CEMEDE). El cual se consiste en la ejecución de un sistema de potabilización de agua de lluvia para el EBAIS de la Isla Caballo, con el propósito de brindar una alternativa de abastecimiento de agua potable para este centro de salud, para que la población de este sitio se beneficie y pueda contar un servicio con las condiciones adecuadas, que permita garantizar calidad de salud para sus beneficiarios. Isla caballo presenta unas condiciones entre las que están la geografía y el clima, que han ocasionado que se limite el acceso del agua potable para sus habitantes, por lo que varias instituciones trabajan para resolver esta situación. Es donde el CEMEDE a través de un proyecto de Regionalización de la UNA, financiado por CONARE, lleva a cabo este proyecto. El proceso se llevó a cabo de manera participativa entre los profesionales de la UNA, la comunidad de Isla Caballo a través de la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral, el Comité de Aguas, el Área de Salud de Jicaral, la FAO, el Programa Interdisciplinario Costero, entre otras. El desarrollo del proceso de dio a través de tres años, en los cuales se obtuvo buenos resultados por la colaboración y el trabajo conjunto que se formó entre los diferentes actores. This work is part of the systematization process of experiences developed within the project “Access, availability and sustainable use of drinking water through the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system (SCALL) for the inhabitants of Isla Caballo,” from the National University of Costa Rica (UNA), at the Chorotega Regional Campus, by the Mesoamerican Center for Sustainable Development of the Dry Tropics (CEMEDE). This project consists in the implementation of a rainwater potabilization system for the EBAIS of Isla Caballo, to provide an alternative drinking water supply for this health center so that the population of this site can benefit and have a service with adequate conditions to ensure the quality of health for their beneficiaries. Isla Caballo presents conditions that include geography and climate, which have caused limited access to drinking water for its inhabitants, so several institutions are working to solve this situation. It is where CEMEDE carries out this project, which derives from a project of Regionalization of the UNA, financed by CONARE. The process was conducted in a participatory manner by professionals from UNA, the Isla Caballo community through the Integral Development Association, the Water Committee, the Jicaral Health Area, FAO, and the Coastal Interdisciplinary Program, among others. The development of the process took three years, in which good results were obtained due to the collaboration and the joint work that was formed between the different actors. Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Vicerrectoría de Extensión Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. Sede Regional Chorotega. Centro Mesoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible del Trópico Seco (CEMEDE) Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
- Published
- 2020
47. Comparação de parâmetros da distribuição de valores extremos generalizada associada a eventos extremos de precipitação na América Central
- Author
-
Guillén-Oviedo, Helen S., Cid-Serrano, Luis R., and Alfaro-Martínez, Eric J.
- Subjects
Distribución de valores extremos ,rainfall ,América Central ,Rainfal ,Central America ,Vertente do Pacífico ,Pacific slope ,Lluvia ,Vertiente del Caribe ,Vertiente del Pacífico ,Extreme value distribution ,Caribbean slope ,Vertente do Caribe ,Distribuição de valores extremos ,Chuva - Abstract
Se utilizó la distribución de valor extremo generalizada (DVEG) para modelar los eventos de lluvia extrema en América Central, durante 30 años, a partir de 1971. Los datos consistieron en registros de precipitaciones diarias en 103 estaciones meteorológicas localizadas en todo el istmo. El área de América Central se dividió en 3 regiones: el Pacífico, el Caribe y la zona intermedia. Con el objetivo de comparar los parámetros de ubicación, escala y forma de la DVEG de esas 3 localidades, se utilizó la prueba de hipótesis Bootstrap. Los resultados del estudio muestran diferencias significativas, especialmente en los parámetros de ubicación y escala entre las 3 regiones. The generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) was used to model extreme rainfall events in Central America for a period of 30 years, beginning in 1971. Data consisted of daily rainfall records of 103 meteorological stations located throughout the isthmus. Central America was divided into 3 regions: Pacific, Caribbean and an intermediate zone. A bootstrap hypothesis test was used to compare the parameters of location, scale and form of the 3 regions. The results of the study showed significant differences between the 3 regions, mainly in terms of location and scale parameters. A distribuição generalizada de valores extremos (DVEG) foi utilizada para modelar os eventos de precipitação máxima na América Central durante 30 anos, a partir de 1971. Os dados consistiram em registros de precipitações diárias em 103 estações meteorológicas localizadas ao longo do istmo. A área da América Central foi dividida em 3 regiões: o Pacífico, o Caribe e a zona intermediária. A fim de comparar os parâmetros de localização, escala e forma da DVEG desses 3 locais, foram utilizados os testes de hipóteses de Bootstrap. Os resultados do estudo mostram diferenças significativas, especialmente nos parâmetros de localização e escala entre as 3 regiões. Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B8-766]/UCR/Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B9-454]/UCR/Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B7-286]/UCR/Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica/[805-B7-507]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Física
- Published
- 2020
48. Critical Rainfall Threshold Analysis And Estimation For Flash Flood Occurrence In Aburrá Valley (Antioquia)
- Author
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GUERRERO-HOYOS, LUIS ANGEL and ARISTIZÁBAL-GíRALDO, EDIER
- Subjects
chuva ,rainfall ,avenidas torrenciales ,lluvia ,aviso antecipado ,Valle de Aburrá ,early waning ,Vale do Aburrá ,flash floods ,limiares ,threshold ,avenidas torrenciais ,alerta temprana ,umbrales ,Aburrá Valley - Abstract
Resumen En Colombia entre los años 1914 y 2015, se han presentado 1.139 avenidas torrenciales con un saldo trágico de 2.195 víctimas mortales. Eventos como los ocurridos en Salgar (2015) y Mocoa (2017) señalan la necesidad de imple-mentar sistemas de alerta temprana en aquellas áreas susceptibles que han sido densamente pobladas. En el presente trabajo se estudia el caso del valle de Aburrá; se proponen umbrales de lluvia críticos como detonantes de avenidas torrenciales para un sistema de alerta temprana. Para la definición de umbrales se utilizó el método del RTI (Índice de Lluvia Detonante), desarrollado en Taiwán. El método utiliza datos de lluvia horarios de 15 estaciones localizadas dentro del valle y el inventario de avenidas registradas en el DesInventar. A partir de estas series de datos se encontraron 1.784 eventos de lluvia detonantes potenciales entre 1994-2016, con un promedio de intensidad máxima de 31,2 mm/h. Los resultados arrojan valores de RTI críticos de 2.268, 2.734, 3.128, 3.337 mm2/h para 1, 3, 7 y 15 días de lluvia antecedente respectivamente; con la intensidad máxima promedio se obtuvo un umbral crítico de lluvia antecedente acumulada de 76, 91, 104, 111 mm para 1, 3, 7 y 15 días de lluvia antecedente, respectivamente. Abstract In Colombia between 1914 and 2015, there have occurred 1.139 flash floods leaving a tragic balance with 2.195 mortal victims. Recent cases: Salgar (2015) and Mocoa (2017) show the urgent necessity of establishing an early warning-alarm system for those torrential phenomena susceptible areas which have been densely populated. This job studies the Aburrá Valley case, where have recurrently presented torrential events, and puts forward critical threshold like a flash floods detonating to implementing these on an early warning-alarm system. Critical threshold were defined by the RTI (Rainfall Triggering Index) methodology, developed in Taiwan. This method uses hourly rainfall data of 15 rain gauges located inside of Aburrá Valley and flash floods inventory registered by DesInventar. From this data, it was established 1.784 potential detonating rainfall events between 1994 and 2016, with and maximum intensity average of 31,2 mm/h. Results found critical RTI values of 2.268, 2.734, 3.128 and 3.337 mm2/h for 1, 3, 7 and 15 days of antecedent rainfall respectively. Used the maximum intensity average is obtained a critical threshold of cumulated antecedent rainfall of 76, 91, 104 and 111 mm for 1, 3, 7 and 15 days of antecedent rainfall respectively. Resumo Na Colômbia entre os anos de 1914 e 2015, foram apresentadas 1.139 inundações torrenciais com um saldo trágico de 2.195 mortes. Os recentes casos de Salgar (2015) e Mocoa (2017) mostram a necessidade urgente de estabelecer sistemas de aviso antecipado nas áreas suscetíveis que foram densamente povoadas. Este artigo estuda o caso do Vale do Aburrá onde tem sido recorrentes este tipo de eventos. O estudo propõe limiares de chuva críticos como detonante das inundações torrenciais para sua implementação como parte de um sistema de aviso antecipado. Para a definição dos limiares foi utilizado o método do RTI (indicador de chuva detonante), que foi criado em Taiwan. O método é implementado com dados de precipitações de 15 estações e o inventário de inundações registradas no DesInventar. Nas séries de dados foram identificados 1.784 eventos potenciais de chuva detonante no Vale do Aburrá no período entre 1994 e 2016, com uma intensidade máxima média de 31,2 mm / h. Os resultados mostram valores críticos de RTI 2268, 2734, 3128, 3337 mm2 / h durante 1, 3, 7 e 15 dias de chuva antecedente, respectivamente, para os quais com a intensidade máxima média se tem um limiar critico de chuva antecedente acumulada de 76, 91, 104, 111 mm durante 1, 3, 7 e 15 dias de chuva antecedente acumulada, respectivamente.
- Published
- 2019
49. EL PROCESO LLUVIA-ESCURRIMIENTO-EROSIÓN EN LADERAS Y MICROCUENCAS INSTRUMENTADAS.
- Author
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Rivera-Ruiz, Pedro, Luis Oropeza-Mota, José, Roberto Martínez-Menes, Mario, Mejía-Sáenz, Enrique, Mario Tapia-Vargas, Luis, and Ventura-Ramos, Eusebio Jr.
- Subjects
SOIL conservation ,COVER crops ,CROP canopies ,RUNOFF ,SOIL moisture ,EROSION ,SOIL erosion - Abstract
Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
50. SIMULATION OF RAINFALL AND SEEPAGE FLOW ON UNSATURATED SOIL BY A SEEPAGE - DEFORMATION COUPLED METHOD.
- Author
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García-Aristizábal, Edwin, Riveros-Jerez, Carlos, and Saldarriaga-Molina, Julio
- Subjects
- *
SOIL testing , *RAINFALL , *SOIL moisture , *PERMEABILITY , *SEEPAGE - Abstract
This paper presents an application for the analysis of structures formed by unsaturated layered soils subjected to rainfall and seepage flow; the results are part of a current research project on rainfall infiltration. A three - phase coupled infiltration - deformation method for unsaturated soil was used for the numerical analysis. The effects of the water permeability and horizontal drainage on the distribution of seepage flow velocities, saturation, and generation of deformations for an unsaturated layered embankment were investigated. The results show that the generation of deformation on the embankment surface highly depends on the water permeability of the soil. In addition, through horizontal drainage simulations, the advantage of this type of solution for decreasing the pore water pressures on the back of the slope embankment, thus avoiding local failure (erosion), is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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