41 results on '"Roy, P."'
Search Results
2. Effects of musical mnemonics on working memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults and persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
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Derks‐Dijkman, Marije W., Schaefer, Rebecca S., Baan‐Wessels, Lisa, van Tilborg, Ilse A. D. A., and Kessels, Roy P. C.
- Subjects
AMNESTIC mild cognitive impairment ,MNEMONICS ,MUSICAL pitch ,OLDER people ,SHORT-term memory ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,EPISODIC memory - Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) and working memory (WM) are negatively affected by healthy ageing, and additional memory impairment typically occurs in clinical ageing‐related conditions such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Recent studies on musical mnemonics in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) showed promising results on EM performance. However, the effects of musical mnemonics on WM performance have not yet been studied in (a)MCI or AD. Particularly in (a)MCI the use of musical mnemonics may benefit the optimisation of (working) memory performance. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of musical presentation of digits consisting of pre‐recorded rhythms, sung unfamiliar pitch sequences, and their combinations, as compared to spoken presentation. Furthermore, musical expertise was assessed with two perceptual tests and the Self‐Report Inventory of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index. Thirty‐two persons with aMCI and 32 cognitively unimpaired older adults (OA) participated in this study. Confirming and extending previous findings in research on ageing, our results show a facilitating effect of rhythm in both cognitively unimpaired OA and persons with aMCI (p =.001, ηp2 =.158). Furthermore, pitch (p =.048, ηp2 =.062) and melody (p =.012, ηp2 =.098) negatively affected performance in both groups. Musical expertise increased this beneficial effect of musical mnemonics (p =.021, ηp2 =.090). Implications for the future design of music‐based memorisation strategies in (a)MCI are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Reservoir Computing for Temporal Data Classification Using a Dynamic Solid Electrolyte ZnO Thin Film Transistor
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Ankit Gaurav, Xiaoyao Song, Sanjeev Manhas, Aditya Gilra, Eleni Vasilaki, Partha Roy, and Maria Merlyne De Souza
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reservoir computing ,solid electrolyte devices ,temporal data ,short-term memory ,neural networks ,thin-film transistor ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
The processing of sequential and temporal data is essential to computer vision and speech recognition, two of the most common applications of artificial intelligence (AI). Reservoir computing (RC) is a branch of AI that offers a highly efficient framework for processing temporal inputs at a low training cost compared to conventional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). However, despite extensive effort, two-terminal memristor-based reservoirs have, until now, been implemented to process sequential data by reading their conductance states only once, at the end of the entire sequence. This method reduces the dimensionality, related to the number of signals from the reservoir and thereby lowers the overall performance of reservoir systems. Higher dimensionality facilitates the separation of originally inseparable inputs by reading out from a larger set of spatiotemporal features of inputs. Moreover, memristor-based reservoirs either use multiple pulse rates, fast or slow read (immediately or with a delay introduced after the end of the sequence), or excitatory pulses to enhance the dimensionality of reservoir states. This adds to the complexity of the reservoir system and reduces power efficiency. In this paper, we demonstrate the first reservoir computing system based on a dynamic three terminal solid electrolyte ZnO/Ta2O5 Thin-film Transistor fabricated at less than 100°C. The inherent nonlinearity and dynamic memory of the device lead to a rich separation property of reservoir states that results in, to our knowledge, the highest accuracy of 94.44%, using electronic charge-based system, for the classification of hand-written digits. This improvement is attributed to an increase in the dimensionality of the reservoir by reading the reservoir states after each pulse rather than at the end of the sequence. The third terminal enables a read operation in the off state, that is when no pulse is applied at the gate terminal, via a small read pulse at the drain. This fundamentally allows multiple read operations without increasing energy consumption, which is not possible in the conventional two-terminal memristor counterpart. Further, we have also shown that devices do not saturate even after multiple write pulses which demonstrates the device’s ability to process longer sequences.
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
4. Enhancing cognitive control with transcranial magnetic stimulation in subject-specific frontoparietal networks.
- Author
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Dengler, Julia, Deck, Benjamin L., Stoll, Harrison, Fernandez-Nunez, Guadalupe, Kelkar, Apoorva S., Rich, Ryan R., Erickson, Brian A., Erani, Fareshte, Faseyitan, Olufunsho, Hamilton, Roy H., and Medaglia, John D.
- Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,NEUROMODULATION ,SHORT-term memory ,FRONTOPARIETAL network ,COGNITION - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Reservoir Computing for Temporal Data Classification Using a Dynamic Solid Electrolyte ZnO Thin Film Transistor
- Author
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Gaurav, A., Song, X., Manhas, S., Gilra, A., Vasilaki, E., Roy, P., and De Souza, M.M.
- Subjects
Solid electrolyte devices ,Thin-film transistor ,Short-term memory ,Neural networks ,Reservoir computing ,Temporal data - Abstract
The processing of sequential and temporal data is essential to computer vision and speech recognition, two of the most common applications of artificial intelligence (AI). Reservoir computing (RC) is a branch of AI that offers a highly efficient framework for processing temporal inputs at a low training cost compared to conventional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). However, despite extensive effort, two-terminal memristor-based reservoirs have, until now, been implemented to process sequential data by reading their conductance states only once, at the end of the entire sequence. This method reduces the dimensionality, related to the number of signals from the reservoir and thereby lowers the overall performance of reservoir systems. Higher dimensionality facilitates the separation of originally inseparable inputs by reading out from a larger set of spatiotemporal features of inputs. Moreover, memristor-based reservoirs either use multiple pulse rates, fast or slow read (immediately or with a delay introduced after the end of the sequence), or excitatory pulses to enhance the dimensionality of reservoir states. This adds to the complexity of the reservoir system and reduces power efficiency. In this paper, we demonstrate the first reservoir computing system based on a dynamic three terminal solid electrolyte ZnO/Ta2O5 Thin-film Transistor fabricated at less than 100°C. The inherent nonlinearity and dynamic memory of the device lead to a rich separation property of reservoir states that results in, to our knowledge, the highest accuracy of 94.44%, using electronic charge-based system, for the classification of hand-written digits. This improvement is attributed to an increase in the dimensionality of the reservoir by reading the reservoir states after each pulse rather than at the end of the sequence. The third terminal enables a read operation in the off state, that is when no pulse is applied at the gate terminal, via a small read pulse at the drain. This fundamentally allows multiple read operations without increasing energy consumption, which is not possible in the conventional two-terminal memristor counterpart. Further, we have also shown that devices do not saturate even after multiple write pulses which demonstrates the device’s ability to process longer sequences.
- Published
- 2022
6. Brain Activation during Associative Short-Term Memory Maintenance is Not Predictive for Subsequent Retrieval
- Author
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Heiko eBergmann, Sander eDaselaar, Sarah eBeul, Mark eRijpkema, Guillen eFernandez, and Roy P.C. Kessels
- Subjects
Neuroimaging ,short-term memory ,Long-term memory ,relational memory ,memory binding ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Performance on working memory (WM) tasks may partially be supported by long-term memory (LTM) processing. Hence, brain activation recently being implicated in WM may actually have been driven by (incidental) LTM formation. We examined which brain regions actually support successful WM processing, rather than being confounded by LTM processes, during the maintenance and probe phase of a WM task. We administered a four-pair (faces and houses) associative delayed-match-to-sample (WM) task using event-related fMRI and a subsequent associative recognition LTM task, using the same stimuli. This enabled us to analyze subsequent memory effects for both the WM and the LTM test by contrasting correctly recognized pairs with incorrect pairs for either task. Critically, with respect to the subsequent WM effect, we computed this analysis exclusively for trials that were forgotten in the subsequent LTM recognition task. Hence, brain activity associated with successful WM processing was less likely to be confounded by incidental LTM formation. The subsequent LTM effect, in contrast, was analyzed exclusively for pairs that previously had been correctly recognized in the WM task, disclosing brain regions involved in successful LTM formation after successful WM processing. Results for the subsequent WM effect showed no significantly activated brain areas for WM maintenance, possibly due to an insensitivity of fMRI to mechanisms underlying active WM maintenance. In contrast, a correct decision at WM probe was linked to activation in the retrieval success network (anterior and posterior midline brain structures). The subsequent LTM analyses revealed greater activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in the early phase of the maintenance stage. No supra-threshold activation was found during the WM probe. Together, we obtained clearer insights in which brain regions support successful WM and LTM without the potential confound of the respective memory system.
- Published
- 2015
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7. Effects of diphenhydramine on human eye movements
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Hopfenbeck, James R., Cowley, Deborah S., Radant, Allen, Roy-Byrne, Peter P., and Greenblatt, David J.
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- 1995
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8. Are visual working memory and episodic memory distinct processes? Insight from stroke patients by lesion-symptom mapping.
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Lugtmeijer, Selma, Geerligs, Linda, de Leeuw, Frank Erik, de Haan, Edward H. F., Kessels, Roy P. C., on behalf of The Visual Brain Group, Smits, Anouk R., Schmand, Ben A., Luijckx, Gert jan, Scholte, H. Steven, Spikman, Joke M., Kappelle, L. Jaap, van Zandvoort, Martine J. E., Caan, Matthan W. A., Raemaekers, Matthijs A. H. L. L., Prokop, Mathias, Ramsey, Nick F., Lammers, Nikki A., van den Berg, Nils S., and Seijdel, Noor
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EPISODIC memory ,VISUAL memory ,SHORT-term memory ,ISCHEMIC stroke ,STROKE patients ,STIMULUS & response (Psychology) - Abstract
Working memory and episodic memory are two different processes, although the nature of their interrelationship is debated. As these processes are predominantly studied in isolation, it is unclear whether they crucially rely on different neural substrates. To obtain more insight in this, 81 adults with sub-acute ischemic stroke and 29 elderly controls were assessed on a visual working memory task, followed by a surprise subsequent memory test for the same stimuli. Multivariate, atlas- and track-based lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) analyses were performed to identify anatomical correlates of visual memory. Behavioral results gave moderate evidence for independence between discriminability in working memory and subsequent memory, and strong evidence for a correlation in response bias on the two tasks in stroke patients. LSM analyses suggested there might be independent regions associated with working memory and episodic memory. Lesions in the right arcuate fasciculus were more strongly associated with discriminability in working memory than in subsequent memory, while lesions in the frontal operculum in the right hemisphere were more strongly associated with criterion setting in subsequent memory. These findings support the view that some processes involved in working memory and episodic memory rely on separate mechanisms, while acknowledging that there might also be shared processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Post-Stroke Working Memory Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
- Author
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Lugtmeijer, Selma, Lammers, Nikki A., de Haan, Edward H. F., de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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SHORT-term memory ,STROKE patients ,STANDARD deviations ,ELECTRON work function ,SAMPLE size (Statistics) - Abstract
This review investigates the severity and nature of post-stroke working memory deficits with reference to the multi-component model of working memory. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed up to March 2019 with search terms for stroke and memory. Studies on adult stroke patients, that included a control group, and assessed working memory function, were selected. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) were extracted from 50 studies (in total 3,084 stroke patients) based on the sample size, mean and standard deviation of patients and controls. Performance of stroke patients was compared to healthy controls on low-load (i.e. capacity) and high-load (executively demanding) working memory tasks, grouped by modality (verbal, non-verbal). A separate analysis compared patients in the sub-acute and the chronic stage. Longitudinal studies and effects of lesion location were systematically reviewed. Stroke patients demonstrated significant deficits in working memory with a moderate effect size for both low-load (Hedges' g = -.58 [-.82 to -.43]) and high-load (Hedges' g = -.59 [-.73 to -.45]) tasks. The effect sizes were comparable for verbal and non-verbal material. Systematically reviewing the literature showed that working memory deficits remain prominent in the chronic stage of stroke. Lesions in a widespread fronto-parietal network are associated with working memory deficits. Stroke patients show decrements of moderate magnitude in all subsystems of working memory. This review clearly demonstrates the global nature of the impairment in working memory post-stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. The effect of cognitive training in older adults: be aware of CRUNCH.
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Fu, Li, Kessels, Roy P. C., and Maes, Joseph H. R.
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COGNITIVE training , *OLDER people , *COGNITIVE ability , *NEURAL circuitry , *SHORT-term memory - Abstract
Cognitive training research has revealed support for both the magnification and compensation accounts, respectively predicting larger or smaller training benefits for individuals already having strong cognitive abilities. A recent study in older adults (OAs) revealed evidence for the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis, which best fits a magnification account. Only few studies examined working memory (WM) training gains in OAs as a function of initial executive functioning level. Here, we tracked the progress of high and low functioning OAs across WM training sessions. The high functioning OAs continued to improve their performance on the three training tasks. However, for one of the training tasks, the low functioning participants failed to improve performance or terminated participation in the course of training. The results suggest that during cognitive training, evaluation of the individual's cognitive capacity and performance monitoring are essential to maintain an optimal balance between cognitive resources and task demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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11. Forecasting The Air Temperature at a Weather Station Using Deep Neural Networks.
- Author
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Roy, Debneil Saha
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,METEOROLOGICAL stations ,LONG-term memory ,SHORT-term memory ,WIND forecasting - Abstract
Air temperature forecasting is an interesting research topic as changes in it affect our day to day lives. This type of forecasting is well suited for analysis by deep learning techniques. With the wide availability of weather observation data nowadays, these approaches can be utilized effectively. This work explores the application of deep learning models to air temperature forecasting in order to accurately predict it over two forecast horizons. Three deep neural networks are used in this study, namely, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Long Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) and a combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and LSTM. The predictive performance of these models is compared using two evaluation metrics. The results show that the combination of convolutional neural network and LSTM outperforms the other models in both the forecast horizons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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12. Objective cognitive performance and subjective complaints in patients with chronic Q fever or Q fever fatigue syndrome.
- Author
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Reukers, Daphne F. M., Aaronson, Justine, van Loenhout, Joris A. F., Meyering, Birte, van der Velden, Koos, Hautvast, Jeannine L. A., van Jaarsveld, Cornelia H. M., and Kessels, Roy P. C.
- Subjects
Q fever ,COGNITION disorders ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,FATIGUE (Physiology) ,SYNDROMES ,SHORT-term memory ,EPISODIC memory - Abstract
Background: Primary aim of this study was to compare cognitive performance of patients with chronic Q fever or Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) to matched controls from the general population, while taking performance validity into account. Second, we investigated whether objective cognitive performance was related to subjective cognitive complaints or psychological wellbeing.Methods: Cognitive functioning was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery measuring the domains of processing speed, episodic memory, working memory and executive functioning. Tests for performance validity and premorbid intelligence were also included. Validated questionnaires were administered to assess self-reported fatigue, depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints.Results: In total, 30 patients with chronic Q fever, 32 with QFS and 35 controls were included. A high percentage of chronic Q fever patients showed poor performance validity (38%) compared to controls (14%, p = 0.066). After exclusion of participants showing poor performance validity, no significant differences between patients and controls were found in the cognitive domains. QFS patients reported a high level of cognitive complaints compared to controls (41.2 vs 30.4, p = 0.023). Cognitive complaints were not significantly related to cognitive performance in any of the domains for this patient group.Conclusions: The high level of self-reported cognitive complaints in QFS patients does not indicate cognitive impairment. A large proportion of the chronic Q fever patients showed suboptimal mental effort during neuropsychological assessment. More research into the underlying explanations is needed. Our findings stress the importance of assessing cognitive functioning by neuropsychological examination including performance validity, rather than only measuring subjective cognitive complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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13. Differential Age Effects on Spatial and Visual Working Memory
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Sascha G. Morel, Roy P. C. Kessels, Joukje M. Oosterman, Albert Postma, Lisette Meijer, and Cléo Buvens
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,Spatial ability ,Short-term memory ,Audiology ,Spatial memory ,Developmental psychology ,Visual memory ,Memory ,Task Performance and Analysis ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Neuro- en revalidatiepsychologie ,Working memory ,Neuropsychology and rehabilitation psychology ,Age Factors ,Perception, Action and Control [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 2] ,Plasticity and Memory [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 3] ,Modality effect ,Middle Aged ,Task analysis ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext The present study was intended to compare age effects on visual and spatial working memory by using two versions of the same task that differed only in presentation mode. The working memory task contained both a simultaneous and a sequential presentation mode condition, reflecting, respectively, visual and spatial working memory processes. Young and older participants had to remember the locations of five equal objects under three different conditions: a baseline (immediate recall), a maintenance (including a delay of 5 seconds), and a manipulation (e.g., relocate all objects one column to the right) condition. Only older adults performed worse on the sequential compared to the simultaneous baseline condition and only this group revealed lower performance on the sequential delay compared to the simultaneous delay condition. However, in both groups the manipulation condition affected performance on the simultaneous and sequential presentation modes to the same extent. The findings of this study therefore partially support an age-related differentiation between visual and spatial working memory, with a stronger age effect on spatial than on visual working memory. 14 p.
- Published
- 2011
14. The Backward Span of the Corsi Block-Tapping Task and Its Association With the WAIS-III Digit Span
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Carla Ruis, Esther van den Berg, Roy P. C. Kessels, and Augustina M. A. Brands
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Male ,Aging ,Psychometrics ,Spatial ability ,Short-term memory ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Task (project management) ,Cognition ,Cognitive neurosciences [UMCN 3.2] ,Perception and Action [DCN 1] ,Memory span ,Humans ,Alzheimer Centre [NCEBP 11] ,Applied Psychology ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Intelligence Tests ,Psychological Tests ,Neuro- en revalidatiepsychologie ,Intelligence quotient ,Working memory ,Neuropsychology and rehabilitation psychology ,Age Factors ,Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ,Plasticity and Memory [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 3] ,Psychological determinants of chronic illness [NCEBP 8] ,Middle Aged ,Clinical Psychology ,Memory, Short-Term ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Female ,Determinants of Health and Disease [EBP 1] ,Cognition Disorders ,Psychology ,Functional Neurogenomics [DCN 2] ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext The Corsi Block-Tapping Task measures visuospatial short-term and working memory, but a standardized backward condition is lacking. The authors present a standardized backward procedure that was examined in 246 healthy older adults (ages 50 to 92), comparing the results with the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. Principal component analysis resulted in a two-factor model, dissociating a verbal and a spatial working-memory factor. Also the Corsi backward is not more difficult than the Corsi forward, in contrast to the Digit Span backward that is more difficult than the Digit Span forward. This may suggest that the Corsi Block-Tapping Task backward task relies on processing within working-memory's slave systems, whereas the Digit Span backward also relies on the central executive component of working memory. Finally, regression-based normative data and cutoff scores for older adults are presented for use in clinical practice. 9 p.
- Published
- 2008
15. Brain activation during associative short-term memory maintenance is not predictive for subsequent retrieval
- Author
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Roy P. C. Kessels, Mark Rijpkema, Guillén Fernández, Sarah F. Beul, Heiko C. Bergmann, and Sander M. Daselaar
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Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1] ,animal structures ,Brain activity and meditation ,short-term memory ,Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13] ,Short-term memory ,Posterior parietal cortex ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Task (project management) ,memory binding ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,long-term memory ,Neuroimaging ,relational memory ,130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Biological Psychiatry ,Associative property ,Original Research ,Neuro- en revalidatiepsychologie ,neuroimaging ,Working memory ,Long-term memory ,Neuropsychology and rehabilitation psychology ,Plasticity and Memory [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 3] ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15] ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 154674.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Performance on working memory (WM) tasks may partially be supported by long-term memory (LTM) processing. Hence, brain activation recently being implicated in WM may actually have been driven by (incidental) LTM formation. We examined which brain regions actually support successful WM processing, rather than being confounded by LTM processes, during the maintenance and probe phase of a WM task. We administered a four-pair (faces and houses) associative delayed-match-to-sample (WM) task using event-related functional MRI (fMRI) and a subsequent associative recognition LTM task, using the same stimuli. This enabled us to analyze subsequent memory effects for both the WM and the LTM test by contrasting correctly recognized pairs with incorrect pairs for either task. Critically, with respect to the subsequent WM effect, we computed this analysis exclusively for trials that were forgotten in the subsequent LTM recognition task. Hence, brain activity associated with successful WM processing was less likely to be confounded by incidental LTM formation. The subsequent LTM effect, in contrast, was analyzed exclusively for pairs that previously had been correctly recognized in the WM task, disclosing brain regions involved in successful LTM formation after successful WM processing. Results for the subsequent WM effect showed no significantly activated brain areas for WM maintenance, possibly due to an insensitivity of fMRI to mechanisms underlying active WM maintenance. In contrast, a correct decision at WM probe was linked to activation in the "retrieval success network" (anterior and posterior midline brain structures). The subsequent LTM analyses revealed greater activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in the early phase of the maintenance stage. No supra-threshold activation was found during the WM probe. Together, we obtained clearer insights in which brain regions support successful WM and LTM without the potential confound of the respective memory system. 13 p.
- Published
- 2015
16. A comparison of visual working memory and episodic memory performance in younger and older adults.
- Author
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Lugtmeijer, Selma, de Haan, Edward H. F., and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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VISUAL memory ,OLDER people ,EPISODIC memory ,YOUNG adults ,AGE differences ,SHORT-term memory ,AGE groups - Abstract
Working memory and episodic memory decline with age. However, as they are typically studied separately, it is largely unknown whether age-associated differences are similar. A task design was developed in which visual working memory and episodic memory performances were measured using the same stimuli, with both tasks involving context binding. A 2-back working memory task was followed by a surprise subsequent recognition memory task that assessed incidental encoding of object locations of the 2-back task. The study compared performance of younger (N=30; Mage=23.5, SDage=2.9, range=20-29) and older adults (N=29; Mage=72.1, SDage=6.8, range=62-90). Older adults performed worse than younger adults, without an interaction effect. In younger, but not in older adults, performance on the two tasks was related. We conclude that although age differences (Young>Older) are similar in the working memory and incidental associative memory tasks, the relationship between the two memory systems differs as a function of age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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17. The Box Task: A tool to design experiments for assessing visuospatial working memory.
- Author
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Kessels, Roy P. C. and Postma, Albert
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SHORT-term memory , *VISUAL memory , *NEUROSCIENCES , *BRAIN imaging , *COGNITIVE ability , *COGNITIVE psychology - Abstract
The present paper describes the Box Task, a paradigm for the computerized assessment of visuospatial working memory. In this task, hidden objects have to be searched by opening closed boxes that are shown at different locations on the computer screen. The set size (i.e., number of boxes that must be searched) can be varied and different error scores can be computed that measure specific working memory processes (i.e., the number of within-search and between-search errors). The Box Task also has a developer’s mode in which new stimulus displays can be designed for use in tailored experiments. The Box Task comes with a standard set of stimulus displays (including practice trials, as well as stimulus displays with 4, 6, and 8 boxes). The raw data can be analyzed easily and the results of individual participants can be aggregated into one spreadsheet for further statistical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Forgetting the new locations of one’s keys: spatial-memory interference in Korsakoff’s amnesia.
- Author
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Postma, Albert, Morel, Sascha G., Slot, Margot E., Oudman, Erik, and Kessels, Roy P. C.
- Subjects
KORSAKOFF'S syndrome ,AMNESIA ,COGNITIVE interference ,SPATIAL memory ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
The present study focused on interference in a group of patients with amnesia due to Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) within the domain of spatial memory. An object-location memory task was used in which participants first learned an array of objects on a computer screen, followed by a reconstruction of the object positions. Next a trial was given in which the same objects were presented only now in different locations. Participants had to place the objects a second time but at the new locations. This was repeated for seven pairs of baseline/interference trials. Both Korsakoff patients and matched controls did worse on the interference trials than on the baseline trials, indicating that it is difficult to relearn new spatial locations for objects that previously were remembered in other locations. When computing relative interference effects (that is the percentage change from baseline in the interference trials), Korsakoff patients were less affected than controls. It is discussed in how far interference depends on the strength of the original memories, which are markedly lower in KS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Working memory network alterations in high‐functioning adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder.
- Author
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Barendse, Evelien M., Schreuder, Lisanne J., Thoonen, Geert, Hendriks, Marc P. H., Kessels, Roy P. C., Backes, Walter H., Aldenkamp, Albert P., and Jansen, Jacobus F. A.
- Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders ,MEMORY disorders ,SHORT-term memory ,ASPERGER'S syndrome ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,PATIENTS - Abstract
Aim: People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically have deficits in the working memory (WM) system. WM is found to be an essential chain in successfully navigating in the social world. We hypothesize that brain networks for WM have an altered network integrity in ASD compared to controls. Methods: Thirteen adolescents (one female) with autistic disorder (
n = 1), Asperger's disorder (n = 7), or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (n = 5), and 13 typically developing healthy control adolescents (one female) participated in this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using an n‐back task and in resting state. Results: The analysis of the behavioral data revealed deficits in WM performance in ASD, but only when tested to the limit. Adolescents with ASD showed lower binary global efficiency in the WM network than the healthy control group with n‐back and resting‐state data. This correlated with diagnostic scores for total problems, reciprocity, and language. Conclusion: Adolescents with higher‐functioning autism have difficulty with the WM system, which is typically compensated. Functional MRI markers of brain network organization in ASD are related to characteristics of autism as represented in diagnostic scores. Therefore, functional MRI provides neuronal correlates for memory difficulties in adolescents with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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20. The interaction of working memory performance and episodic memory formation in patients with Korsakoff's amnesia
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Arie J. Wester, Bonnie van Geldorp, Heiko C. Bergmann, Johanna Robertson, and Roy P. C. Kessels
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Memory, Episodic ,Short-term memory ,Spatial memory ,Reaction Time ,Semantic memory ,Humans ,Visual short-term memory ,Molecular Biology ,Episodic memory ,Autobiographical memory ,Long-term memory ,General Neuroscience ,Memory rehearsal ,Middle Aged ,NCEBP 8 - Psychological determinants of chronic illness DCN PAC - Perception action and control ,Korsakoff Syndrome ,Memory, Short-Term ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Amnesia ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Psychomotor Performance ,Developmental Biology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 109864.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Both neuroimaging work and studies investigating amnesic patients have shown involvement of the medial temporal lobe during working memory tasks, especially when multiple items or features have to be associated. However, so far no study has examined the relationship between working memory and subsequent episodic memory in patients using similar tasks. In this study, we compared patients with amnesia due to Korsakoff's syndrome (n=19) with healthy controls (n=18) on an associative working memory task followed by an unexpected subsequent episodic memory task. The computerized working memory task required participants to maintain two pairs of faces and houses for either short (3s) or long (6s) delays. Approximately 5 minutes after completion of the working memory task, an unexpected subsequent recognition task with a two-alternative forced choice paradigm was administered. By directly comparing working memory and subsequent episodic memory, we were able to examine long-term encoding processes that may take place after longer delays. As expected, patients performed at chance level on the episodic memory task. Interestingly, patients also showed significantly impaired working memory performance (p
- Published
- 2012
21. Associative working memory and subsequent episodic memory in Alzheimer's disease
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Ilse A.D.A. van Tilborg, Elke P.C. Konings, Bonnie van Geldorp, and Roy P. C. Kessels
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Male ,Neuro- en revalidatiepsychologie ,Long-term memory ,Autobiographical memory ,General Neuroscience ,Memory, Episodic ,Neuropsychology and rehabilitation psychology ,Short-term memory ,Plasticity and Memory [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 3] ,Neuropsychological Tests ,NCEBP 8 - Psychological determinants of chronic illness DCN PAC - Perception action and control ,Spatial memory ,Memory, Short-Term ,Retrospective memory ,Alzheimer Disease ,Semantic memory ,Humans ,Female ,Visual short-term memory ,Psychology ,Episodic memory ,Cognitive psychology ,Aged - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 110136.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Recent studies indicate deficits in associative working memory in patients with medial-temporal lobe amnesia. However, it is unclear whether these deficits reflect working memory processing or are due to hippocampally mediated long-term memory impairment. We investigated associative working memory in relation to subsequent episodic memory formation in patients with early Alzheimer's disease to examine whether these findings reflect deficits in long-term encoding rather than 'pure' working memory processing. Nineteen patients with Alzheimer's disease and 21 controls performed a working memory task in which objects had to be searched at different locations. The subsequent episodic memory test required participants to reposition objects to their original locations. Patients with Alzheimer's disease were impaired on associative working memory and subsequent episodic memory, but they performed above chance at high-load episodic memory trials. This suggests that when working memory capacity is exceeded, long-term memory compensates. 5 p.
- Published
- 2011
22. The hippocampus supports encoding of between-domain associations within working memory
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Guillén Fernández, Mark Rijpkema, Carinne Piekema, and Roy P. C. Kessels
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Short-term memory ,Neocortex ,Brain mapping ,Hippocampus ,Temporal lobe ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Memory ,130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Perception and Action [DCN 1] ,Humans ,Recognition memory ,Brain Mapping ,Neuro- en revalidatiepsychologie ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Working memory ,Long-term memory ,Neuropsychology and rehabilitation psychology ,Plasticity and Memory [DI-BCB_DCC_Theme 3] ,Psychological determinants of chronic illness [NCEBP 8] ,Content-addressable memory ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,nervous system ,130 027 Brain Imaging Genetics - Alzheimer Disease ,Female ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Functional Neurogenomics [DCN 2] - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 77282.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) It has been established that the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, is crucial for associative memory. The aim of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate whether the hippocampus is differentially activated for associations between items processed in the same neocortical region (within-domain) as compared with associations between items processed in different neocortical regions (between-domain). Here, we show that the hippocampus is significantly more active for between-domain associations compared with within-domain associations. Thus, the hippocampus is important for associative encoding, and furthermore, shows greater activation when the stimuli to be associated come from different stimulus categories. 4 p.
- Published
- 2009
23. The right hippocampus participates in short-term memory maintenance of object-location associations
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Rogier B. Mars, Carinne Piekema, Roy P. C. Kessels, Karl Magnus Petersson, and Guillén Fernández
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Adult ,Male ,Dissociation (neuropsychology) ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Short-term memory ,Color ,Fixation, Ocular ,Neuroinformatics [DCN 3] ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,Functional Laterality ,Temporal lobe ,Cognitive neurosciences [UMCN 3.2] ,Neuroimaging ,130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory ,Perception and Action [DCN 1] ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Alzheimer Centre [NCEBP 11] ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Working memory ,Long-term memory ,Effective Hospital Care [EBP 2] ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Psychological determinants of chronic illness [NCEBP 8] ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Oxygen ,Memory, Short-Term ,Neurology ,Visual Perception ,Determinants of Health and Disease [EBP 1] ,Female ,Cues ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Functional Neurogenomics [DCN 2] ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 49787.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Doubts have been cast on the strict dissociation between short- and long-term memory systems. Specifically, several neuroimaging studies have shown that the medial temporal lobe, a region almost invariably associated with long-term memory, is involved in active short-term memory maintenance. Furthermore, a recent study in hippocampally lesioned patients has shown that the hippocampus is critically involved in associating objects and their locations, even when the delay period lasts only 8 s. However, the critical feature that causes the medial temporal lobe, and in particular the hippocampus, to participate in active maintenance is still unknown. This study was designed in order to explore hippocampal involvement in active maintenance of spatial and non-spatial associations. Eighteen participants performed a delayed-match-to-sample task in which they had to maintain either object-location associations, color-number association, single colors, or single locations. Whole-brain activity was measured using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed using a random effects model. Right lateralized hippocampal activity was evident when participants had to maintain object-location associations, but not when they had to maintain object-color associations or single items. The present results suggest a hippocampal involvement in active maintenance when feature combinations that include spatial information have to be maintained online. 9 p.
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- 2006
24. Prefrontal activation may predict working-memory training gain in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment.
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Vermeij, Anouk, Kessels, Roy, Heskamp, Linda, Simons, Esther, Dautzenberg, Paul, Claassen, Jurgen, Kessels, Roy P C, Simons, Esther M F, Dautzenberg, Paul L J, and Claassen, Jurgen A H R
- Subjects
BLOOD pressure ,BRAIN mapping ,CEREBRAL circulation ,FRONTAL lobe ,HEART beat ,LEARNING ,NEAR infrared spectroscopy ,NEUROPLASTICITY ,SHORT-term memory ,TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Cognitive training has been shown to result in improved behavioral performance in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), yet little is known about the neural correlates of cognitive plasticity, or about individual differences in responsiveness to cognitive training. In this study, 21 healthy older adults and 14 patients with MCI received five weeks of adaptive computerized working-memory (WM) training. Before and after training, functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess the hemodynamic response in left and right prefrontal cortex during performance of a verbal n-back task with varying levels of WM load. After training, healthy older adults demonstrated decreased prefrontal activation at high WM load, which may indicate increased processing efficiency. Although MCI patients showed improved behavioral performance at low WM load after training, no evidence was found for training-related changes in prefrontal activation. Whole-group analyses showed that a relatively strong hemodynamic response at low WM load was related to worse behavioral performance, while a relatively strong hemodynamic response at high WM load was related to higher training gain. Therefore, a 'youth-like' prefrontal activation pattern at older age may be associated with better behavioral outcome and cognitive plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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25. Transfer and maintenance effects of online working-memory training in normal ageing and mild cognitive impairment.
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Vermeij, Anouk, Claassen, Jurgen A. H. R., Dautzenberg, Paul L. J., and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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SHORT-term memory ,AGING ,COGNITION disorders research ,AMNESIA ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,BRAIN ,HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) ,LEARNING ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,COMPUTERS in medicine ,THERAPEUTICS ,TRANSFER of training ,CASE-control method ,ATROPHY - Abstract
Working memory (WM) is one of the cognitive functions that is susceptible to ageing-related decline. Interventions that are able to improve WM functioning at older age are thus highly relevant. In this pilot study, we explored the transfer effects of core WM training on the WM domain and other cognitive domains in 23 healthy older adults and 18 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Performance on neuropsychological tests was assessed before and after completion of the online five-week adaptive WM training, and after a three-month follow-up period. After training, both groups improved on the Digit Span and Spatial Span, gains that were maintained at follow-up. At an individual level, a limited number of participants showed reliable training gain. Healthy older adults, and to a lesser extent MCI patients, additionally improved on figural fluency at group level, but not at individual level. Results furthermore showed that global brain atrophy and hippocampal atrophy, as assessed by MRI, may negatively affect training outcome. Our study examined core WM training, showing gains on trained and untrained tasks within the WM domain, but no broad generalisation to other cognitive domains. More research is needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings and to identify participant characteristics that are predictive of training gain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
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26. Cognitive and neuropsychological underpinnings of relational and conjunctive working memory binding across age.
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van Geldorp, Bonnie, Parra, Mario A., and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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SHORT-term memory ,COGNITIVE ability ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ,DISSOCIATION (Psychology) ,AGE factors in cognition ,COGNITIVE interference - Abstract
The ability to form associations (i.e., binding) is critical for memory formation. Recent studies suggest that aging specifically affects relational binding (associating separate features) but not conjunctive binding (integrating features within an object). Possibly, this dissociation may be driven by the spatial nature of the studies so far. Alternatively, relational binding may simply require more attentional resources. We assessed relational and conjunctive binding in three age groups and we included an interfering task (i.e., an articulatory suppression task). Binding was examined in a working memory (WM) task using non-spatial features: shape and colour. Thirty-one young adults (mean age = 22.35), 30 middle-aged adults (mean age = 54.80) and 30 older adults (mean age = 70.27) performed the task. Results show an effect of type of binding and an effect of age but no interaction between type of binding and age. The interaction between type of binding and interference was significant. These results indicate that aging affects relational binding and conjunctive binding similarly. However, relational binding is more susceptible to interference than conjunctive binding, which suggests that relational binding may require more attentional resources. We suggest that a general decline in WM resources associated with frontal dysfunction underlies age-related deficits in WM binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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27. Brain activation during associative short-term memory maintenance is not predictive for subsequent retrieval.
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Bergmann, Heiko C., Daselaar, Sander M., Beul, Sarah F., Rijpkema, Mark, Fernández, Guillén, and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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SHORT-term memory ,LONG-term memory ,FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging ,BRAIN imaging ,HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) - Abstract
Performance on working memory (WM) tasks may partially be supported by longterm memory (LTM) processing. Hence, brain activation recently being implicated in WM may actually have been driven by (incidental) LTM formation. We examined which brain regions actually support successful WM processing, rather than being confounded by LTM processes, during the maintenance and probe phase of a WM task. We administered a four-pair (faces and houses) associative delayed-match-to-sample (WM) task using event-related functional MRI (fMRI) and a subsequent associative recognition LTM task, using the same stimuli. This enabled us to analyze subsequent memory effects for both the WM and the LTM test by contrasting correctly recognized pairs with incorrect pairs for either task. Critically, with respect to the subsequent WM effect, we computed this analysis exclusively for trials that were forgotten in the subsequent LTM recognition task. Hence, brain activity associated with successful WM processing was less likely to be confounded by incidental LTM formation. The subsequent LTM effect, in contrast, was analyzed exclusively for pairs that previously had been correctly recognized in the WM task, disclosing brain regions involved in successful LTM formation after successful WM processing. Results for the subsequent WM effect showed no significantly activated brain areas for WM maintenance, possibly due to an insensitivity of fMRI to mechanisms underlying active WM maintenance. In contrast, a correct decision at WM probe was linked to activation in the "retrieval success network" (anterior and posterior midline brain structures). The subsequent LTM analyses revealed greater activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in the early phase of the maintenance stage. No supra-threshold activation was found during the WM probe. Together, we obtained clearer insights in which brain regions support successful WM and LTM without the potential confound of the respective memory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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28. Working memory binding and episodic memory formation in aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s dementia.
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van Geldorp, Bonnie, Heringa, Sophie M., van den Berg, Esther, Olde Rikkert, Marcel G. M., Biessels, Geert Jan, and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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SHORT-term memory ,EPISODIC memory ,YOUNG adults ,MIDDLE-aged persons ,DEMENTIA research - Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies indicate that in both normal and pathological aging working memory (WM) performance deteriorates, especially when associations have to be maintained. However, most studies typically do not assess the relationship between WM and episodic memory formation. In the present study, we examined WM and episodic memory formation in normal aging and in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease (mild cognitive impairment, MCI; and Alzheimer’s dementia, AD). Method: In the first study, 26 young adults (mean age 29.6 years) were compared to 18 middle-aged adults (mean age 52.2 years) and 25 older adults (mean age 72.8 years). We used an associative delayed-match-to-sample WM task, which requires participants to maintain two pairs of faces and houses presented on a computer screen for short (3 s) or long (6 s) maintenance intervals. After the WM task, an unexpected subsequent associative memory task was administered (two-alternative forced choice). In the second study, 27 patients with AD and 19 patients with MCI were compared to 25 older controls, using the same paradigm as that in Experiment 1. Results: Older adults performed worse than both middle-aged and young adults. No effect of delay was observed in the healthy adults, and pairs that were processed during long maintenance intervals were not better remembered in the subsequent memory task. In the MCI and AD patients, longer maintenance intervals hampered the task performance. Also, both patient groups performed significantly worse than controls on the episodic memory task as well as the associative WM task. Conclusions: Aging and AD present with a decline in WM binding, a finding that extends similar results in episodic memory. Longer delays in the WM task did not affect episodic memory formation. We conclude that WM deficits are found when WM capacity is exceeded, which may occur during associative processing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
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29. An exploratory study of the effects of spatial working-memory load on prefrontal activation in low- and high-performing elderly.
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Vermeij, Anouk, van Beek, Arenda H. E. A., Reijs, Babette L. R., Claassen, Jurgen A. H. R., and Kessels, Roy P. C.
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SHORT-term memory ,PREFRONTAL cortex ,AGE factors in cognition ,COGNITION disorders in old age ,HEMOGLOBINS ,NEAR infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
Older adults show more bilateral prefrontal activation during cognitive performance than younger adults, who typically show unilateral activation. This over-recruitment has been interpreted as compensation for declining structure and function of the brain. Here we examined how the relationship between behavioral performance and prefrontal activation is modulated by different levels of working-memory load. Eighteen healthy older adults (70.8 ± 5.0 years; MMSE 29.3 ± 0.9) performed a spatial working-memory task (n-back). Oxygenated ([O
2 Hb]) and deoxygenated ([HHb]) hemoglobin concentration changes were registered by two functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) channels located over the left and right prefrontal cortex. Increased working-memory load resulted in worse performance compared to the control condition. [O2 Hb] increased with rising working-memory load in both fNIRS channels. Based on the performance in the high working-memory load condition, the group was divided into low and high performers. A significant interaction effect of performance level and hemisphere on [O2 Hb] increase was found, indicating that high performers were better able to keep the right prefrontal cortex engaged under high cognitive demand. Furthermore, in the low performers group, individuals with a larger decline in task performance from the control to the high workingmemory load condition had a larger bilateral increase of [O2 Hb]. The high performers did not show a correlation between performance decline and working-memory load related prefrontal activation changes. Thus, additional bilateral prefrontal activation in low performers did not necessarily result in better cognitive performance. Our study showed that bilateral prefrontal activation may not always be successfully compensatory. Individual behavioral performance should be taken into account to be able to distinguish successful and unsuccessful compensation or declined neural efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
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30. Cognitive impairments associated with medial temporal atrophy and white matter hyperintensities: an MRI study in memory clinic patients.
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Overdorp, Eduard J., Kessels, Roy P. C., Claassen, Jurgen A., and Oosterman, Joukje M.
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MILD cognitive impairment ,WHITE matter (Nerve tissue) ,ATROPHY ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging of the brain ,SHORT-term memory ,PSYCHOMOTOR disorders ,REGRESSION analysis ,PATIENTS - Abstract
In this retrospective study, we investigated the independent effects of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and hippocampal atrophy on cognitive functions in a broad sample of patients seen in a memory clinic. To ensure generalizability, these associations were examined irrespective of diagnosis and with minimal exclusion criteria. Next to these independent effects, interactions between WMH and hippocampal atrophy were examined. Between January 2006 and September 2011 a total of 500 patients visited the memory clinic, 397 of whom were included. Magnetic resonance images of 397 patients were visually analyzed for WMH, medial temporal atrophy (MTA), and global atrophy. We evaluated the association of WMH and MTA with the following cognitive domains: global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, executive function and psychomotor speed. Main effects and interaction effects were examined by means of correlation and regression analyses. In the regression analyses, we controlled for potential confounding effects of global atrophy. The correlational results revealed that WMH were associated with global cognition, executive function and psychomotor speed, whereas a trend was found for episodic memory. MTA was associated with all these four cognitive domains; an additional trend was observed for working memory. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed main independent effects of MTA for episodic memory, executive function, psychomotor speed and global cognition; WMH were only associated with global cognition. The interaction between MTA and WMH was significant for episodic memory only. This study demonstrates that predominantly MTA is an independent predictor not only for memory function, with which is it classically associated, but also for global cognition and executive function.Taken together, MTA may be an important correlate of cognitive deficits found in people attending the memory clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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31. Short-term effects of glucose and sucrose on cognitive performance and mood in elderly people.
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van der Zwaluw, Nikita L., van de Rest, Ondine, Kessels, Roy P. C., and de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.
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COGNITION in old age ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of glucose ,SUCROSE ,MOOD (Psychology) ,NONNUTRITIVE sweeteners ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,EPISODIC memory ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
In this study we determined the short-term effects of a glucose drink and a sucrose drink compared to a placebo on cognitive performance and mood in elderly people with subjective, mild memory complaints using a randomized crossover study design. In total, 43 nondiabetic older adults with self-reported memory complaints were included. Drinks consisted of 250 ml with dissolved glucose (50 g), sucrose (100 g), or a mixture of artificial sweeteners (placebo). Multiple neuropsychological tests were performed and were combined by means of z scores into four cognitive domains: episodic memory, working memory, attention and information (processing speed), and executive functioning. Mood was assessed with the short Profile of Mood Status (s-POMS) questionnaire. Blood glucose concentrations were measured at five time points to divide participants into those with a better or poorer blood glucose recovery. Performance on the domain of attention and information processing speed was significantly better after consuming the sucrose drink (domain score of 0.06, SD = 0.91) than after the placebo drink (–0.08, SD = 0.92, p =.04). Sucrose had no effect on the other three domains, and glucose had no effect on any of the domains compared to the placebo. When dividing participants into poorer or better glucose recoverers, the beneficial effect of sucrose on attention and information processing speed was only seen in participants with a poorer recovery. After sucrose consumption, depressive feelings and tension were slightly higher than after the placebo. To conclude, 100 g sucrose, but not 50 g glucose, optimized attention and information processing speed in the short term in this study in elderly people with subjective, mild memory complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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32. Simple and Complex Rule Induction Performance in Young and Older Adults: Contribution of Episodic Memory and Working Memory.
- Author
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Oosterman, Joukje M., Boeschoten, Merle S., Eling, Paul A. T., Kessels, Roy P. C., and Maes, Joseph H. R.
- Subjects
EPISODIC memory ,SHORT-term memory ,AGE factors in disease ,PERFORMANCE evaluation ,EXECUTIVE function ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGY ,TASK performance - Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that part of the age-related decline in performance on executive function tasks is due to a decline in episodic memory. For this, we developed a rule induction task in which we manipulated the involvement of episodic memory and executive control processes; age effects and neuropsychological predictors of task performance were investigated. Twenty-six younger (mean age, 24.0; range, 19-35 years) and 27 community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 67.5; range, 50-91 years) participated. The neuropsychological predictors consisted of the performance on tests of episodic memory, working memory, switching, inhibition and flexibility. Performance of the older adults was worse for the learning and memorization of simple mies, as well as for the more demanding executive control condition requiring the manipulation of informational content. Episodic memory was the only predictor of performance on the simple learning and memorization task condition whereas an increase in rule induction complexity additionally engaged working memory processes. Together, these findings indicate that part of the age-related decline on rule induction tests may be the result of a decline in episodic memory. Further studies are needed that examine the role of episodic memory in other executive function tasks in aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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33. Effects of Aging on Cerebral Oxygenation during Working-Memory Performance: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.
- Author
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Vermeij, Anouk, Van Beek, Arenda H. E. A., Rikkert, Marcel G. M. Olde, Claassen, Jurgen A. H. R., Kessels, Roy P. C., and Paul, Friedemann
- Subjects
AGING ,SHORT-term memory ,NEAR infrared spectroscopy ,BRAIN imaging ,HEMOGLOBINS ,HEMODYNAMICS - Abstract
Working memory is sensitive to aging-related decline. Evidence exists that aging is accompanied by a reorganization of the working-memory circuitry, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we examined aging-related changes in prefrontal activation during working-memory performance using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a noninvasive neuroimaging technique. Seventeen healthy young (21-32 years) and 17 healthy older adults (64-81 years) performed a verbal working-memory task (n-back). Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes were registered by two fNIRS channels located over the left and right prefrontal cortex. Increased working-memory load resulted in worse performance compared to the control condition in older adults, but not in young participants. In both young and older adults, prefrontal activation increased with rising working-memory load. Young adults showed slight right-hemispheric dominance at low levels of working-memory load, while no hemispheric differences were apparent in older adults. Analysis of the time-activation curve during the high working-memory load condition revealed a continuous increase of the hemodynamic response in the young. In contrast to that, a quadratic pattern of activation was found in the older participants. Based on these results it could be hypothesized that young adults were better able to keep the prefrontal cortex recruited over a prolonged period of time. To conclude, already at low levels of working-memory load do older adults recruit both hemispheres, possibly in an attempt to compensate for the observed aging-related decline in performance. Also, our study shows that aging effects on the time course of the hemodynamic response must be taken into account in the interpretation of the results of neuroimaging studies that rely on blood oxygen levels, such as fMRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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34. [image omitted] Assessing mental flexibility: neuroanatomical and neuropsychological correlates of the trail making test in elderly people.
- Author
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Oosterman, Joukje M., Vogels, Raymond L. C., van Harten, Barbera, Gouw, Alida A., Poggesi, Anna, Scheltens, Philip, Kessels, Roy P. C., and Scherder, Erik J. A.
- Subjects
COGNITIVE ability ,INFLUENCE of age on ability ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,CEREBRAL cortex ,TASK analysis ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
The Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) is highly sensitive to age-related changes in the brain and cognitive function. However, the precise contribution of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH), deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH), and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) to task performance remains unspecified. Similarly, diminished performance may be due to deficient flexibility functions, but also to other age-related cognitive decline (e.g., mental slowing). The aim of the present study was to determine neuroanatomical (PVH, DWMH, MTA) and neuropsychological (working memory, executive function, speed and attention, episodic memory) predictors of TMT-B performance in elderly people. Results showed that MTA was the strongest predictor of TMT-B performance. The predictive value of the neuropsychological scores differed among the various TMT-B variables. For example, all neuropsychological domains predicted the TMT-B total completion time, whereas only executive function predicted the ratio score (TMT-B/A). We conclude that MTA is a very important predictor of TMT-B performance in elderly people. Furthermore, multiple cognitive functions are involved in TMT-B performance and a mild decline in any of these functions may result in diminished TMT-B performance. Therefore it is crucial to use the ratio score when one wishes to examine executive function ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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35. The Backward Span of the Corsi Block-Tapping Task and Its Association With the WAIS-III Digit Span.
- Author
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Kessels, Roy P. C., van den Berg, Esther, Ruis, Carla, and Brands, Augustina M. A.
- Subjects
- *
SHORT-term memory , *WECHSLER Adult Intelligence Scale , *OLDER people , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *AGE & intelligence , *REGRESSION analysis , *MEDICAL practice , *INTELLIGENCE tests , *FACTOR analysis - Abstract
The Corsi Block-Tapping Task measures visuospatial short-term and working memory, but a standardized backward condition is lacking. The authors present a standardized backward procedure that was examined in 246 healthy older adults (ages 50 to 92), comparing the results with the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale— Third Edition. Principal component analysis resulted in a two-factor model, dissociating a verbal and a spatial working- memory factor. Also the Corsi backward is not more difficult than the Corsi forward, in contrast to the Digit Span backward that is more difficult than the Digit Span forward. This may suggest that the Corsi Block-Tapping Task backward task relies on processing within working-memory's slave systems, whereas the Digit Span backward also relies on the central executive component of working memory. Finally, regression-based normative data and cutoff scores for older adults are presented for use in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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36. Investigation of grammatical class as an encoding category in short-term memory
- Author
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Delos D. Wicken, Sandra E. Clark, Roy P. Wittlinger, and Frances A. Hill
- Subjects
Class (set theory) ,Encoding (memory) ,Short-term memory ,Grammatical category ,General Medicine ,Psychology ,Linguistics - Published
- 1968
37. Attenuation of proactive interference in short-term memory as a function of cueing to forget
- Author
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M. T. Turvey and Roy P. Wittlinger
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Attenuation ,Interference theory ,Short-term memory ,General Medicine ,Function (engineering) ,Psychology ,media_common ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 1969
38. Cognitive impairments in patients with persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme disease.
- Author
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Berende, Anneleen, Agelink van Rentergem, Joost, Evers, Andrea W. M., ter Hofstede, Hadewych J. M., Vos, Fidel J., Kullberg, Bart Jan, and Kessels, Roy P. C.
- Subjects
COGNITIVE testing ,HELPLESSNESS (Psychology) ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,EPISODIC memory ,DISABILITIES ,COGNITIVE neuroscience ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
Background: Persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme borreliosis often include self-reported cognitive impairment. However, it remains unclear whether these symptoms can be substantiated by objective cognitive testing.Methods: For this observational study, cognitive performance was assessed in 280 adults with persistent symptoms attributed to Lyme borreliosis (as part of baseline data collected for the Dutch PLEASE study). Cognitive testing covered the five major domains: episodic memory, working memory / attention, verbal fluency, information-processing speed and executive function. Patients' profiles of test scores were compared to a large age-, education- and sex-adjusted normative sample using multivariate normative comparison. Performance validity was assessed to detect suboptimal effort, and questionnaires were administered to measure self-reported cognitive complaints, fatigue, anxiety, depressive symptoms and several other psychological factors.Results: Of 280 patients, one was excluded as the test battery could not be completed. Of the remaining 279 patients, 239 (85.4%) displayed sufficient performance validity. Patients with insufficient performance validity felt significantly more helpless and physically fatigued, and less orientated. Furthermore, they had a lower education level and less often paid work. Of the total study cohort 5.7% (n = 16) performed in the impaired range. Among the 239 patients who displayed sufficient performance validity, 2.9% (n = 7) were classified as cognitively impaired. No association between subjective cognitive symptoms and objective impairment was found.Conclusions: Only a small percentage of patients with borreliosis-attributed persistent symptoms have objective cognitive impairment. Performance validity should be taken into account in neuropsychological examinations of these patients. Self-report questionnaires are insufficiently valid to diagnose cognitive impairment.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01207739 . Registered 23 September 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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39. Pediatric Points.
- Author
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Roy-Bornstein, Carolyn
- Subjects
GAMES ,STRANGLING ,CHILDREN'S injuries ,CAUSES of death ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
The article discusses the danger of choking game in children in the U.S. The game depicts the idea of strangulation, either self-strangulation or strangulation by another person. It is a dangerous game since it may result to neurological injuries including short-term memory loss, seizures, hemorrhages in the eyes, stroke and even death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 82 deaths in 31 states have been likely a result of the choking game.
- Published
- 2008
40. Correction to: Visuospatial working memory in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: a comparative analysis with Alzheimer's disease using the box task.
- Author
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Foxe, David, Irish, Muireann, Carrick, James, Cheung, Sau Chi, Teng, Her, Burrell, James R., Kessels, Roy P. C., and Piguet, Olivier
- Subjects
- *
ALZHEIMER'S disease , *FRONTOTEMPORAL dementia , *SHORT-term memory , *COMPARATIVE studies , *ACADEMIC medical centers - Abstract
A correction is presented to the article correcting a reference citation error in a study comparing visuospatial working memory in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with Alzheimer's disease using the box task.
- Published
- 2024
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41. Differential Age Effects on Spatial and Visual Working Memory.
- Author
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Oosterman, Joukje M., Morel, Sascha, Meijer, Lisette, Buvens, Cléo, Kessels, Roy P. C., and Postma, Albert
- Subjects
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AGE distribution , *ANALYSIS of variance , *COMPARATIVE studies , *COMPUTER software , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *RESEARCH funding , *SHORT-term memory , *SPACE perception , *TIME , *VISUAL perception , *RELOCATION , *REPEATED measures design - Abstract
The present study was intended to compare age effects on visual and spatial working memory by using two versions of the same task that differed only in presentation mode. The working memory task contained both a simultaneous and a sequential presentation mode condition, reflecting, respectively, visual and spatial working memory processes. Young and older participants had to remember the locations of five equal objects under three different conditions: a baseline (immediate recall), a maintenance (including a delay of 5 seconds), and a manipulation (e.g., relocate all objects one column to the right) condition. Only older adults performed worse on the sequential compared to the simultaneous baseline condition and only this group revealed lower performance on the sequential delay compared to the simultaneous delay condition. However, in both groups the manipulation condition affected performance on the simultaneous and sequential presentation modes to the same extent. The findings of this study therefore partially support an age-related differentiation between visual and spatial working memory, with a stronger age effect on spatial than on visual working memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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