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Students&rsquo, engagement in Physical Education has been linked to several adaptive consequences. Even though the existing literature suggests that perceived autonomy support can predict engagement, research is scarce on how teachers&rsquo, antecedents might influence this behavioural outcome. This study sought to compare the influence of teachers&rsquo, basic psychological needs&rsquo, satisfaction and basic psychological needs&rsquo, thwarting on students&rsquo, behavioural engagement and on the relationship between perceived autonomy-support and the students&rsquo, behavioural engagement. The sample included 29 Physical Education teachers and 644 students who were taught by the participants teachers. Data were collected using both paper and online surveys and they were analysed using multilevel modelling techniques. The results revealed that, while teachers&rsquo, autonomy satisfaction might be significant in the explanation of students&rsquo, engagement (&beta, = 0.33, p &lt, 0.01), it seems that needs thwarting could be a better predictor of this outcome (&beta, autonomy thwarting = &minus, 0.17, p &lt, 0.01, &beta, competence thwarting = &minus, 0.06, p &lt, 0.05). These findings suggest the impact of certain external pressures on teachers&rsquo, practices which, in turn, might affect students&rsquo, behavioural outcomes.

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estructura y validez del contenido de un programa de ejercicios realizados en casa, como instrumento para prevenir el dolor de hombro en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. El programa propuesto se diseno teniendo en cuenta estudios previos a los fines de aplicar el programa de ejercicio en esta poblacion; se compone de ejercicios basados en movilidad activa (4 ejercicios), fortalecimiento (5 ejercicios) y estiramientos (5 ejercicios) de la articulacion del hombro. Se administro un cuestionario ad hoc a 9 expertos (1 medico rehabilitador, 1 medico deportivo, 4 fisioterapeutas y 3 entrenadores) que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusion definidos. De acuerdo a los resultados, los expertos consideran el programa de ejercicios realizados en casa (SHEP, siglas en ingles) como una herramienta adecuada para la prevencion del SP en el WB. Sin embargo, algunos expertos sugirieron algunos cambios para mejorarlo. En cuanto al analisis cualitativo realizado, los hallazgos revelaron dos factores subyacentes principales tales como "diseno" (contenido y estructura) y "aplicacion" que podrian influir en el uso adecuado del programa de ejercicios en el hogar. Este estudio proporciono evidencias sobre la efectividad del programa de ejercicios realizado en casa como una herramienta valida para prevenir el dolor en el hombro en la poblacion de jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas. espanolThe aim of the study was to assess the structure and content validity of a home-based exercise program, as an instrument to prevent of shoulder pain (SP) in wheelchair basketball players. The proposed program was designed considering previous studies but to be applied in this specific population and; it was composed by exercises based on active mobility (4 exercises), strengthening (5 exercises) and stretching (5 exercises) of the shoulder joint. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 9 experts (1 rehabilitation physician,1 sport physician, 4 physiotherapists and 3 coaches) that fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. The results showed that experts considered the shoulder home-based exercise program (SHEP) as adequate tool for SP prevention in WB; however, some experts suggested some changes to improve it. According to the qualitative analysis performed, findings revealed two main underlying factors such as “design” (content and structure) and “application” that could influence in the adequate use of the home-based exercise program. This study provided evidence that the presentedhome-based exercise program is a validate tool and could be a powerful tool to prevent shoulder pain in WB player’s population.

espanolEl objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepcion de los alumnos sin discapacidad sobre la inclusion de companeros que si la tienen en las clases de Educacion Fisica (EF) a traves del analisis de dibujos y frases expresadas durante la actividad de reflexion en el evento deportivo inclusivo “Deporte Inclusivo en la Escuela”. En esta actividad los alumnos reflejaron sus opiniones, sensaciones y vivencias sobre la inclusion de companeros con discapacidad en las sesiones de EF. El analisis de las frases y las palabras (n= 296) se baso en la “Teoria de la estructura y el contenido universal de los valores humanos” (Schwartz, 1992), mientras que los dibujos (n=50) fueron analizados desde la “Teoria de la Retorica visual” (Barthes, 1964), ya que el dibujo se convierte en una herramienta para conocer como perciben los alumnos la inclusion en EF. Los resultados de las frases muestran que las percepciones de los alumnos tienden hacia dominios motivacionales colectivistas y mixtos, como universalismo y logro, coincidiendo con los mostrados por los resultados de los dibujos. Otros valores relacionados con la inclusion emergen a su vez, como autodireccion y benevolencia. EnglishThe aim of this study was to know the perception of students without disabilities toward the inclusion of peers with disability Physical Education (PE) class, through the analysis of the images and phrases expressed during the reflection activity in the inclusive sport event "Inclusive Sport in School". In this activity, students reflect their opinions, feelings and experiences through phrases, words and drawings. The analysis of the sentences, words (n=296) was carried out using a system of categories based on Schwartz’s “Theory of the structure and universal content of human values” (Schwartz, 1992), while the images (n=50) were analyzed from the "Rhetoric Theory" (Barthes, 1964). The results of the sentences show that students' perceptions tend towards collectivist and mixed motivational domains, such as universalism and achievement, coinciding with those shown by the results of the drawings. Other values related to inclusion emerge in turn, as self-direction and benevolence.

espanolLa Educacion Fisica (EF) se muestra, a priori, como un area idonea para trabajar intervenciones educativas para facilitar la inclusion de alumnos con discapacidad, siendo las actitudes de los companeros sin discapacidad determinantes en este proceso. Este estudio presenta el analisis de validez y fiabilidad de la version espanola del cuestionario Children Attitude Integrated Physical Education- Revised (CAIPE-R; Block, 1995). Para ello se utilizo una muestra de 222 alumnos de EF en Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria de centros educativos de Madrid, compuesta por 117 varones y 105 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 anos (M=14.07; SD=1.31). Los resultados muestran la adecuada fiabilidad del cuestionario y la validez del constructo, con un buen ajuste al modelo. La escala adaptada arrojo una reduccion a 10 items, obteniendo una consistencia interna general por encima de 0.70, salvo en los items 2 y 8 de la escala general y el item 9 de la escala especifica. El estudio concluye que la version muestra una validez y fiabilidad adecuadas para detectar las actitudes hacia la inclusion de companeros con discapacidad en EF en el contexto espanol. EnglishPhysical Education (PE) seems, a priori, as a suitable area to work educational interventions to facilitate the inclusion of students with disabilities, being peer´s attitudes determinant in this process. This study presents the validity and reliability analysis of the “Children Attitude Integrated Physical Education-Revised (CAIPE-R)” questionnaire (Block, 1995) to the Spanish educational context. For this purpose, a sample of 222 PE´s students from high school in Madrid was studied, composed of 117 men and 105 women, aged between 12 and 18 years (M=14.07; SD=1.31). The results showed adequate questionnaire reliability and construct validity, with a good fit to the model. The adapted scale showed a reduction to 10 items, obtaining a general internal consistency above 0.70, except for items 2 and 8 of the general scale and item 9 of the specific scale. The study concluded that this instrument has adequate validity and reliability to detect children´s attitudes towards inclusion of peers with disability in PE in the Spanish context.