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Sanguisorba is a small genus which consists of about 15 species widely distributed in North America and Eurasia. Previous studies on Sanguisorba are useful for understanding its phylogeny and chloroplast (cp) genome evolution, however, the cp genome resources of Sanguisorba are still limited, and the phylogeny and molecular dating for Sanguisorba and its relatives still need to be further explored. Here, we report four cp genomes of Sanguisorba and conduct comparative analysis of these four Sanguisorba cp genomes plus five previously published ones. The nine cp genomes have a typical quadripartite structure with a total length of 154 282–155 730 bp and their gene content, gene structure and gene order are relatively conserved. Analysis of single copy (SC)/inverted repeat (IR) boundaries shows only very slight boundary differences among the Sanguisorba cp genomes. Eight variation hotspots were screened as excellent candidate markers for future studies in Sanguisorba. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sanguisorba is monophyletic and a member of Agrimonieae subtribe Sanguisorbinae. Within Sanguisorba, S. filiformis is the sister group of the six other taxa in the present sampling. Estimation of divergence times indicates that the subtribes Agrimoniinae and Sanguisorbinae diverged at the transition between the Oligocene and the Miocene, and divergent times of Agrimonieae genera ranged from the late Miocene to the Middle Pleistocene. This study enriches the available cp genome resources of Sanguisorba, and it is of great significance to further study of the phylogeny and evolution of Sanguisorba and its relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reductholaspis Emberson is rediagnosed with the description of a new species, Reductholaspis longicorniculussp. nov. Shen & Yi from southwestern China. This is the first report of the genus Reductholaspis from the Oriental Region and the first described male for the genus. Reductholaspis longicorniculussp. nov. is distinguished from R. analis Hyatt & Emberson by the dorsal shield with 28 pairs of setae, posterior margin of the sternal shield with deep hollows lateral to iv2, latigynal sclerites well developed, metasternal plates ovate, all setae on coxae I–IV pilose, tarsus I with proximal pilose setae, and three pairs of lightly sclerotized platelets between the epigynal shield and anal shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes three new species of genus Cunaxoides, namely, C. reticulatus Chen & Jin sp. nov., C. kanasensis Chen & Jin sp. nov. and C. allokanasensis Chen & Jin sp. nov., which are described and figured from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five species of Unionicola Haldeman, 1842 (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Unionicolidae) were collected between 2018 and 2019. Notably, Unionicola (Armatax) armata Walter, 1929, previously unrecorded in China, is now documented for the first time in the country. Additionally, Unionicola newsumi Wiles, 1999 has been reclassified and assigned to the new subgenus Vespicola within the genus Unionicola Haldeman, 1842. These findings also led to the establishment of three new subgenera: Micronodusgen. nov., Vespicolagen. nov., and Lingshuiataxgen. nov. including four species: Unionicola soluplatussp. nov. U. jinisp. nov. U. caudipessp. nov. and U. armatallasp. nov. This marks the first description and documentation of these subgenera and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Gamasodes pachysetis Yao & Jin sp. nov., is described based on deutonymphs and adults from Jiangsu and Taiwan provinces, China. A nominal species, Gamasodes spinigerTrägårdh, 1910, new to China, is redescribed also based on deutonymph and adults from Guizhou Province. A key to Gamasodes species of China is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Lepidocunaxoides (Acariformes: Cunaxidae) is recorded for the first time from China and the generic diagnosis is revised on the basis of both sexes of a new species, Lepidocunaxoides bomiensis Chen & Jin sp. nov.. The new species differs from the known species Lepidocunaxoides robustus Kalúz & Ermilov, 2019 by follows: palpal tibiotarsus claw unbranched apically and tibiotarsus with a proximal bifurcated seta; cheliceral seta and adoral setae absent; propodosomal shield concave anteromedially; tibia II with one bsl. Cunaxoides neopectinatusShiba, 1978 is transferred to Lepidocunaxoides based on the generic concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with two species of Scutascirus. Scutascirus hechiensis Chen & Jin sp. nov. is distinguished from the close species, S. pentascutellusCorpuz-Raros & Garcia, 1996 by the follows: basifemur IV with 2 sts; telofemora III with 4 sts and IV with 3 sts; genu IV with 6 sts; tibia I with 2 bsl and III with 1 bsl; tarsus I with 3 bsl. The male of Scutascirus triangulumLin, Zhang & Ji, 2001 is described for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Orangescirulinae, Orangescirula lii Chen & Jin sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It is characterized by having 2 claw-like setae, no solenidion and adorsal setae on palpal tibiotarsus, having 5 pairs of hysterogastral setae, 1 bsl and 5 sts on tibia III, 1 asl and 3 bsl on tarsus I. A key to adult females of Orangescirula of the world is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erythraeid species can be assigned with larva or adult only, or both under current Erythraeidae taxonomy. The present study describes two new erythraeid species from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (Oriental region). Marantelophus neodubifurcatussp. nov. is based on larvae that were off-host when collected, while Erythraeus (Zaracarus) mossesussp. nov. is based on a female adult, which was preying on an ant when collected, and larvae which were her offspring. The genus Marantelophus is divided into two species groups based on the odontus with or without a subterminal tooth, and M. neodubifurcatussp. nov. belongs to the group with the subterminal tooth. The larval members of the subgenus Erythraeus (Zaracarus) are divided into five species groups, and E. (Z.) mossesussp. nov. belongs to the group with the characters such that AL without swelling near bases, and fn BFe = 2-2-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The bright red color of Erythraeid mites is conspicuous. The Erythraeid larvae are usually ectoparasitic on arthropods and easily observed. Both the genera Charletonia and Leptus are distributed worldwide. Charletonia has 86 species and Leptus has more than 240 species based on larvae, respectively. To date, two species of the genus Charletonia and 11 species of the genus Leptus have been reported from China. Here, four new species, Charletonia rectangia Xu and Jin sp. nov. collected from tropical rainforests in the Guangxi Province and Yunnan Province, Leptus (Leptus) bomiensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. from the Tibet Autonomous Region, where the altitude ranges from 2673 to 3374 m, Leptus (Leptus) longisolenidionus Xu and Jin sp. nov. from jungles in the Hainan Province (Hainan Island), and Leptus (Leptus) striatus Xu and Jin sp. nov. from Xishuangbanna tropical rainforests in the Yunnan Province. We believe that this study will contribute to further research on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the family. Four new species, Charletonia rectangia Xu and Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) bomiensis Xu and Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) longisolenidionus Xu and Jin sp. nov., and Leptus (Leptus) striatus Xu and Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. All four new species are from biodiversity hotspots, L. (L.) bomiensissp. nov. from the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot, while the other three species from the Indo–Burma biodiversity hotspot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of genus Pseudoscirus Wurlitzer & Rocha, 2021, P. menglaensis Chen & Jin sp. nov. is described, which represents a newly recorded genus Pseudoscirus to China. And a key to species (adult females) of Pseudoscirus is given in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new species, Abrolophus quadrapexicis Xu & Jin sp. nov., Grandjeanella dianensis Xu & Jin sp. nov., Leptus (Leptus) trisolenidionus Xu & Jin sp. nov. and Hirstiosoma tibetensis Xu & Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. The species Hirstiosoma sadafae (Amin, Khanjani & Nadri) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Sphaerotarsus to Hirstiosoma based on gnathosoma with two pairs barbed hypostomalae (as and bs), as and bs almost equal in length. H. tibetensissp. nov. and G. dianensissp. nov. are from the Tibetan Plateau (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), a unique geographical unit of the highest altitude in the world. The described H. tibetensissp. nov. from the Tibetan Plateau represents a newly recorded subfamily from China, namely Hirstiosomatinae (Smarididae) with the genus Hirstiosoma. The genus Grandjeanella including six species distributed in Australia, New Zealand and Indonesia (Sulawesi), is new to China and the Eurasian continent as G. dianensissp. nov. found in the southern Tibetan Plateau (Gaoligongshan National Natural Reserve). In China Abrolophus has been known from the Oriental realm, A. quadrapexicissp. nov. makes it cover both the Palaearctic and Oriental realm of China. L. (L.) trisolenidionussp. nov. belongs to the phalangii species group and torresianus species subgroup, which contains three species previously known in Oceania (Australia) and South America (French Guiana) and here is the first report in Asia (China). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Erythraeid mite members are large, larvae usually parasitize other arthropods, whereas the nymphs and adults are free-living predators of a small insect. Free-living adults/nymphs and parasitic larvae vary greatly in morphology, and classification is usually treated independently. To date, more than 850 species of erythraeid mites have been recorded. Among them, more than 580 species were described only as larvae. Eatoniana Cambridge, 1898 is a small genus within Erythraeidae comprising, 10 valid species worldwide, three species of which were only reported based on larvae. Erythraeus Latreille, 1806 includes 123 species distributed worldwide, with 69 species reported based on larvae alone. Here, two new species, Eatoniana nanlingensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. from Guangdong Province and Erythraeus (Erythraeus) kunyuensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. from Shandong Province, are described based on larval stage. We believe that the study will contribute to further studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Erythraeidae. The species Eatoniana yangshuonicus (Haitlinger) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Erythraeus to Eatoniana based on the basifemoral setal formula 2-2-1. Two new species, Eatoniana nanlingensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. and Erythraeus (Erythraeus) kunyuensis Xu and Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on larvae. Eatoniana nanlingensis sp. nov. from the Oriental region (Guangdong Province), Er. (Er.) kunyuensis sp. nov. from the Palaearctic region (Shandong Province). An updated key to larval species of the genus Eatoniana of the world is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports two new species of genus Neoscirula, namely, N. bambus Chen & Jin sp. nov. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and N. pananensis Chen & Jin sp. nov. from Zhejiang province, which are described and illustrated. A key to adult females of Neoscirula species of the China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diplogyniopsis fluctuosumsp. nov. associated with passalid beetles is described based on females from China on undermined passalid beetles, as well as on females and males from Thailand on Aceraius helferi (Coleoptera: Passalidae). The species represents the second known species of Diplogyniopsis Trägårdh, prompting us to redefine the genus diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new spleenwort species, Asplenium guodanum, was found and described from Danxia landform region in Guangdong, China. The new species has close resemblance to A. subcrenatum Ching ex S.H.Wu in morphology, but can be distinguished by having plants small, stipes and rachises not covered with fibrous scales, relatively fewer pairs of pinnae, pinnae short, pinna margin weakly biserrate, pinna apex acute and lower pinnae obviously reduced. Phylogenetic analyses, based on six plastid markers (atpB, rbcL, rps4 & rps4-trnS and trnL & trnL-F) of the new species and its relatives, support a close relationship between A. guodanum and A. subcrenatum. Only one population with no more than 50 individuals were found and, therefore, it is recommended to be classified as Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN Red List Criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief introduction of Chinese Limnesiidae taxonomy is provided. Adults of two new species, Limnesia (Limnesia) lupingae Li & Guo sp. nov. and Limnesia (Limnesia) macrophthalma Li & Guo sp. nov., from Heilongjiang and Hubei provinces respectively, are described in detail. Subtle structures are recorded with scanning electron micrographs. In addition, deutonymphs of two new species are also described in detail and compared with the adults in discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species, Momonides neolandbergi Li & Guo sp. nov. is described in detail, which is the fifth species all over the world in Momonidinae Lundblad, 1941, Momoniidae K. Viets, 1926. The family and subfamily are newly recorded for Chinese fauna. The new species are recorded by camera, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope. Publication:New species: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A known species, Scirula papilataLin, 1997 based on samples collected from Hubei Province, China, is redescribed with the detailed illustration and the first description of males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dambullaeus hainanensis Xu & Jin sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on larvae ectoparasitic on Delphacidae (Hemiptera) from Hainan Island, China. A modified generic diagnosis of larval Dambullaeus is provided and a key to the species of larval Dambullaeus is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two species of Oligonychus are redescribed: O. baipisongisMa & Yuan, 1976 and O. chamaecyparisaeMa & Yuan, 1976. Moreover, O. hainanensisMa, Yuan & Lin, 1979 is here recognized as a junior synonym of O. biharensis (Hirst, 1924), which is also redescribed here based on adult females, males and deutonymphs. The redescription of O. baipisongis is based on holotype and paratypes, the types of O. chamaecyparisae could not be located but the species is described from male and female material collected by En-Pei Ma in 1978 from Lanzhou City, Xi-An City and Xining City. The dorsal setae in O. baipisongis show remarkable sexual dimorphism. The difference between the aedeagi of O. chamaecyparisae and Oligonychus perditusPritchard & Baker, 1955 are discussed. All three species are diagnosed, illustrated with line drawings and photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of genus Cunaxa, namely, C. papilla Chen & Jin sp. nov. and C. striata Chen & Jin sp. nov. are described and illustrated. C. papilla Chen & Jin sp. nov. was collected in Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong province, China. It's similar to C. magoebaensis Den Heyer, 1979, but differs from it by the long finger-like apophysis on the palp telofemur, propodosomal shield with fine papillae and c1, c2, d1, e1, f1 and h1 situated on small platelets. C. striata Chen & Jin sp. nov. was collected in Qingchuan County, Sichuan province and Zhaoqing City, Guangdong province, China. It's similar to C. yaylensisSergeyenko, 2009, but differs from it by the propodosomal shield with broken striae, c1 longer than or equal to f1 and h1 in length, f1 extending beyond the base of h1 and two pairs of hysterogastral setae (hgs1–hgs2). A key to adult females of Cunaxa species of the China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with two new species, Atractides (Atractides) bitergumus Zhang & Guo sp. nov. and Atractides (Tympanomegapus) tergumus Zhang & Guo sp. nov., and a new record of a species, Atractides (Atractides) incertus, from Hainan Province, P. R. China. These species are described and illustrated in detail. Article: Atractides (Atractides) bitergumus: Atractides (Tympanomegapus) tergumus: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Dyneogamasus is transferred to the subfamily Pergamasinae, and the generic diagnosis is revised. A new mite species, Dyneogamasus serratus Yao & Jin sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on females from Fujian province, China. A key to the known species of the genus is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a new species of genus Parabonzia and newly recorded genus Bonzia from China. Parabonzia bioxys Chen & Jin sp. nov., which is described and illustrated based on adult females collected from rotten wood in Hainan Province, China, differs from all other Parabonzia by the dorsal seta of the palp telofemur having two tines instead of three or more (most species) or being unbranched (P. mindanensisCorpuz-Raros, 1996). Bonzia halacaroidesOudemans, 1927 is redescribed based on adult females collected from fallen leaves in Jiangxi Province and Chongqing City, China, which represents a newly recorded genus BonziaOudemans, 1927 to China and adds more details and new illustrations to its original description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new aturid species are described and illustrated from China: Woolastookia allobasilicalabricasp. nov., and Paraxonopsis suturasp. nov. in the Axonopsinae, and Aturus jixiensissp. nov. in the Aturinae. The genus Paraxonopsis is a newly recorded genus for the Chinese fauna. Woolastookia allobasilicalabricasp. nov. is the third species and Aturus jixiensissp. nov. is the second species in their respective genera from China. A key to the Chinese fauna of Aturidae is provided in this paper. Meanwhile, the diagnosis of Paraxonopsis is revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Arrhenoseius Walter & Lindquist, 2000 is recorded for the first time from the Oriental Realm on the basis of two new species. Arrhenoseius hallidayisp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the ventrianal shield bearing five pairs of ventral setae and unsclerotised ventro-lateral cuticle without setae in the adult female, and Arrhenoseius granulatussp. nov. can be distinguished by the ventrianal shield bearing eight pairs of ventral setae and unsclerotised lateral cuticle with six pairs of setae. A key to species of Arrhenoseius is given based on the adult females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphipods of the superfamily Lysianassoidea that inhabit the hadal zone (> 6000 m) have large bathymetric ranges and play a key role in deep ocean ecosystems. The endemism of these amphipod species makes them a good model for investigating potent natural selection and restricted dispersal in deep ocean trenches. Here, we describe genetic diversity and intraspecific population differentiation among three amphipod species from four Pacific trenches based on a mtDNA concatenated dataset (CO Ι and 16S rRNA genes) from 150 amphipod individuals. All amphipod populations had low genetic diversity, as indicated by haplotype and nucleotide diversity values. Population geographic relationship analysis of two Alicella gigantea populations revealed no genetic differentiation between these two localities (pairwise genetic differentiation coefficient = 0.00032, gene flow = 784.58), and the major variation (99.97%) was derived from variation within the populations. Historical demographic events were investigated using Tajima's D and Fu's F neutrality tests and analysis of mismatch distribution. Consistent results provided strong evidence to support the premise that demographic expansion occurred only for the Mariana population of Hirondellea gigas, possibly within the last 2.1–3.4 million years. These findings suggest that the formation of amphipod population structure might be the result of multiple factors including high hydrostatic pressure, food distribution, trench topographic forcing and potential ecological interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]