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Background and Objectives: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process in which impaired perfusion is restored by restoring blood flow and tissue recirculation. Nanomedicine uses cutting-edge technologies that emerge from interdisciplinary influences. In the literature, there are very few in vivo and in vitro studies on how cerium oxide (CeO2) affects systemic anti-inflammatory response and inflammation. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate whether CeO2 administration has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in the liver and kidneys. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups after obtaining approval from an ethics committee. A control (group C), cerium oxide (group CO), IR (group IR), and Cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR group) groups were formed. Intraperitoneal CeO2 was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 30 min before left thoracotomy and left main coronary (LAD) ligation, and myocardial muscle ischemia was induced for 30 min. After LAD ligation was removed, reperfusion was performed for 120 min. All rats were euthanized using ketamine, and blood was collected. Liver and kidney tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. Serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransaminase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), glucose, TOS (Total Oxidant Status), and TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) levels were also measured. Results: Necrotic cell and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver parenchyma of rats in the IR group was observed to be significantly increased compared to the other groups. Hepatocyte degeneration was greater in the IR group compared to groups C and CO. Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy, tubular degeneration, and necrosis were increased in the kidney tissue of the IR group compared to the other groups. Tubular dilatation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO groups. TOS was significantly higher in all groups than in the IR group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.006, respectively). However, TAS level was lower in the IR group than in the other groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.020, and p = 0.031, respectively). Renal and liver histopathological findings decreased significantly in the CO-IR group compared to the IR group. A decrease in the TOS level and an increase in the TAS level were found compared to the IR group. The AST, ALT, GGT, and Glucose levels are shown. Conclusions: CeO2 administered before ischemia-reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and ameliorated IR-induced damage in distant organs. We suggest that CeO2 exerts protective effects in the myocardial IR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While COVID-19 has been controlled and deaths have decreased, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain a challenge we face today. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells with DNA damage and oxidative stress and the therapeutic and clinical outcomes of elderly patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2021 (the period of severe attacks of the epidemic peak of COVID-19) and September 2022 (the post-COVID-19 period). The study groups included elderly patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU and normal wards of the hospital as well as elderly patients with influenza. A polymerase chain reaction was used to check the validity of the studied diseases. The Annexin V/Propidium Iodide method was used to evaluate the level of apoptosis. Genotoxic effects and DNA damage were assessed by the comet assay method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured by photometric methods. Results: The highest level of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the highest level of DNA damage were observed at both times in the intubated-ICU and non-intubated-ICU groups. In all groups, there was a significant increase in peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis levels and DNA damage levels compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.01). The level of apoptosis and DNA damage decreased significantly in the post-COVID-19 period (p < 0.01). In the investigation of oxidative stress biomarkers, the oxidative stress index, including TOS and MPO levels, increased in patients (p < 0.01), and the TAS level decreased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It shows that the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells, DNA damage, and oxidative stress can be effective in prognostic decisions and is a suitable predictor for diagnosing the condition of patients with viral infections such as COVID-19 and influenza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process in which impaired perfusion is restored by restoring blood flow and tissue recirculation. Nanomedicine uses cutting-edge technologies that emerge from interdisciplinary influences. In the literature, there are very few in vivo and in vitro studies on how cerium oxide (CeO2) affects systemic anti-inflammatory response and inflammation. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate whether CeO2 administration has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in the liver and kidneys. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups after obtaining approval from an ethics committee. A control (group C), cerium oxide (group CO), IR (group IR), and Cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR group) groups were formed. Intraperitoneal CeO2 was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg 30 min before left thoracotomy and left main coronary (LAD) ligation, and myocardial muscle ischemia was induced for 30 min. After LAD ligation was removed, reperfusion was performed for 120 min. All rats were euthanized using ketamine, and blood was collected. Liver and kidney tissue samples were evaluated histopathologically. Serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransaminase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), glucose, TOS (Total Oxidant Status), and TAS (Total Antioxidant Status) levels were also measured. Results: Necrotic cell and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver parenchyma of rats in the IR group was observed to be significantly increased compared to the other groups. Hepatocyte degeneration was greater in the IR group compared to groups C and CO. Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy, tubular degeneration, and necrosis were increased in the kidney tissue of the IR group compared to the other groups. Tubular dilatation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO groups. TOS was significantly higher in all groups than in the IR group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.006, respectively). However, TAS level was lower in the IR group than in the other groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.020, and p = 0.031, respectively). Renal and liver histopathological findings decreased significantly in the CO-IR group compared to the IR group. A decrease in the TOS level and an increase in the TAS level were found compared to the IR group. The AST, ALT, GGT, and Glucose levels are shown. Conclusions: CeO2 administered before ischemia-reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and ameliorated IR-induced damage in distant organs. We suggest that CeO2 exerts protective effects in the myocardial IR model.

Purpose: Varicocele is a pathological condition that affects approximately 20% of adult men, causing infertility and sperm deterioration. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of vitamin D (Vit. D) in the pathophysiology of varicocele. We performed biochemical, gene expression analyses and histopathological to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D in the experimental varicocele model. Materials and Methods: In the study, 30 adult male Wistar Albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups equally as control group, experimental group (varicocele), treatment group (varicocele + D vit.). The treatment group received 500 IU/kg D vit. intramuscularly. Results: Histopathological, TRPM2-8 gene expression and biochemical analyses were performed on testicular and blood samples collected at the end of the experiment. The experimental group showed a deterioration in tubular structure, a decrease in total antioxidant levels and an increase in total oxidant levels. The treatment group, on the other hand, showed an increase in TAS, a decrease in TOS and a beneficial improvement in tubular structure disorders. Analysis of gene expression levels showed that TRPM2-8 expression levels were significantly increased in the varicocele group and decreased in the treatment group. Conclusion: In the varicocele model, the use of vitamin D had a significant effect on TRPM2-8 gene level, pathological seminiferous tubules and biochemical values. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical application of vitamin D in varicocele disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Endometriosis (EM) is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. This study aimed to examine the effects of quince gel and hesperidin treatment on uterine tissue in an experimental endometriosis model. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were categorized into four groups as sham, EM, EM+quince gel (QG), and EM+QG+Hesperidin (HES). The endometriosis (EM) model was induced with surgical intervention. Estradiol benzoate (EB) was used to induce endometrial hyperplasia. In the EM group, EB was given to rats for 7 days. The EM+QG group received 2 cc QG for 21 days. HES treatment was given for 21 days after EM induction. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the animals and the serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) values were studied. Uterine tissues were dissected and processed for histological paraffin embedding. Tissues were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde solution and processed for ultrastructural analysis. Results: After EM, QG and HES treatment significantly increased the TAS and decreased the TOS value. EM caused epithelial and glandular degeneration, thinning of the basal membranes, and vascular dilatation with increased fibrosis and edema. QG+HES restored the pathology and showed protective effects in uterine tissues. Caspase-3 expression was increased in the epithelium, glands, and muscle layers of the EM group. In EM+QG+HES, hesperidin protected cell survival and decreased Caspase-3 expression in uterine tissues. TNF-α expression was intense in inflammatory cells and the muscle layer in the EM group. HES reduced inflammation by decreasing the TNF-α expression. MAPK expression was increased after EM induction in epithelial, glandular, and inflammatory cells in the EM group. After HES treatment, MAPK expression was mainly negative in cells of uterine tissue in the EM+QG+HES group. Ultrastructurally, in the EM group, organelles were disrupted and dilated and degenerated after EM induction. QG and HES treatment improved cellular organelles. Conclusion: Local vaginal applications can be an alternative treatment method in the endometriosis model via QG+HES treatment promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis and preventing cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common types of endocrine syndromes in women, where the disease is described as chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, which characterized by the formation of small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in the ovaries. This study was carried out to introduce knowledge when plasma and erythrocytes portions were chosen to compare the antioxidant and oxidant status of PCOS patients treated and without treatment with Metformin. Samples were included 75 women diagnostics with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria. The control group included healthy volunteers with regular menstrual cycles and with no symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Total Antioxidants Capacity (TAC), total Oxidant Status (TOS), and CuZn SOD enzyme activity were examined in both plasma and erythrocytes. The activity of the CuZn SOD enzyme was determined based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the autoxidation of pyrogallol. TAC values were significantly decreased in PCOS patients and the content in plasma was significantly higher than in Erythrocytes. On the other hand, the TOS values were in the opposite pattern, they were significantly increased in patients and higher in erythrocytes than plasma. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in patients' samples than in controls. This enzyme displayed higher activity values in samples from erythrocytes than the plasma and the highest activity was 61.9±3 U/ml. As the data for both TOS and SOD1 activity introduces the same pattern in blood samples, TAC values introduce a different line of responses. In considering Metformin's effect on previous criteria, this drug significantly decreased the TAC, TOS and SOD1, activity group. as this drug is responsible for the reduction of circulating insulin and increasing the glucose uptake by peripheral tissues [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(1.000): 17-24]

Introduction: Sclerostin is a glycoprotein known as a negative regulator of bone formation, predominantly expressed by mature osteocytes. There is no causative evidence information on the role of sclerostin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and oxidative status and biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and healthy people.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in a clinical trial center, included 45 subjects with T2DM and 45 subjects as controls.Results: Serum sclerostin, total oxidative status (TOS), albumin, and ferritin levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the control group (p

Aim: This study aimed to show the effects of glutathione, recognized by its antioxidant specialties, on the potential DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine) and the antioxidant system changes upon its implementation in BHK-21 cells cultured with high glucose. Materials and Methods: BHK-21 cell line was regularly surpassed in vitro conditions (5% FBS, 10% horse serum, 1% L-Glutamine, 1% penicillin/ streptomycin in RPMI 1640 medium, and 5% CO2 and 95% humidity and 37ºC) incubated. The control group determined glucose's IC50 value based on the viability tests executed on MTT cells. Cells were seeded in plates as each would have 2x106 cells. The control, the test, and the crossbreed test (glucose; (285 mM), glutathione (250 &micro ,M)) groups were prepared. After 24 hours of incubation, trypsinized cells were designed for analysis through vitrification. In the lysate of the cell culture that was procured, Oxidative DNA damage, TAS, TSO, and OSI were measured by the spectrophotometric system with ELISA. Results: It was observed that 8-OHdG levels increased significantly with glucose application. Moreover, the increase in the HG+GSH group was more significant when compared to the control group (p≤0.05). No difference with the control group was found only in the group where GSH was applied. As for TAS, whereas any difference was observed in GSH used groups, the increase in the HG+GSH group was significant compared to the control group (p≤0.05). that were the same as the control group. TOS and OSI considerably increased in HG + GSH implemented groups as to the control group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, no protective impacts of glutathione at the cellular level in the doses mentioned above were observed on high-dose glucose implemented cells. On the other hand, it was revealed that the applied amounts of glutathione in the process did not cause any toxic effects.

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacilik Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We aimed to determine the potential damage mechanisms of exposure to widely used sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the effects of Thymus vulgaris on this exposure. Rats were divided into six groups: control, T. vulgaris, 4% NaOCl, 4% NaOCl + T. vulgaris, 15% NaOCl, and 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. Serum and lung tissue samples were taken after applying NaOCl and T. vulgaris by inhalation twice a day for 30 min for four weeks. The samples were examined biochemically (TAS/TOS), histopathologically, and immunohistochemically (TNF-α). In serum TOS values, the mean of 15% NaOCl was significantly higher than in 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. This was the opposite in terms of serum TAS values. Histopathologically, there was a significant increase in lung injury in 15% NaOCl; significant improvement was observed in 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. Immunohistochemically, there was a significant increase in TNF-α expression in both 4% NaOCl and 15% NaOCl; significant decreases were observed in both 4% NaOCl + T. vulgaris and 15% NaOCl + T. vulgaris. The use of sodium hypochlorite, which is harmful to the lungs and is widely used in homes and industries, should be limited. In addition, using T. vulgaris essential oil by inhalation may protect against the harmful effects of sodium hypochlorite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD by interfering with the protease/antiprotease and oxidant/antioxidant balance. There is no adequate data about the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients. Prospective cohort study, designed in tertiary care chest disease hospitals' outpatient clinic. COPD patients were approved informed consent were included in the study. The total antioxidant status (TAS,), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), IL1 IL6, and TNFα levels were measured. The mean age of 33 COPD patients who joined the study was 61±9,32 years, while their average body mass index (BMI) was 27±4,31 kg/m2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, weight, smoking status and comorbidities. According to the results of the analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in TOS, TAS, oxidative stress index (OSI), TT, NT, DIS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα between the control and COPD patient groups (p [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 770-74]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common diseases that starts in adolescence and is common in women of reproductive age. PCOS patients have menstrual dysfunction, signs of hyperandrogenism (such as hirsutism, acne), metabolic problems, increased cardiovascular risk, insulin resistance, risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress; It has high levels in patients with central obesity, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenicity. Human and animal studies on oxidative stress in insulin resistance in Turkey and in the world are insufficient. Based on this information, we aimed to obtain new data on the relationship between oxidative stress parameters, total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels, with obesity in adolescence with PCOS. Between 01.02.2021 and 01.02.2022, Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Education and Research Hospital Preferred to Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinics, four groups were created, 31 normal weight and 32 overweight/obese non-PCOS; 30 normal weight and 32 overweight/obese PCOS. Rotterdam criteria was used for PCOS diagnosis. Research permission and informed consent were obtained from all patients. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulant hormone (FSH), estrogen, progesterone, 17OH-progesterone (17OH-P), creatinine and hemogram levels. TAS, TOS and OSI were calculated with TAS and TOS kits and differences between groups were examined. Among the study groups, TT, 17OH-P, DHEA-S, WBC, CRP, ALT values, TAS, TOS and OSI were significantly higher in the obese and PCOS groups. While there is a strong correlation between TOS and OSI; there is a moderate degree between TAS and OSI. As part of the research, especially in the Obese/PCOS group patients, as the WBC value increased compared to other groups, TOS increased; TAS increased as CRP value increased; TOS increased as TT increased; As the ALT value increased, it was found that both TAS and TOS increased. A statistically significant difference in TOS and TAS values was found in the Obese/PCOS groups with Normal Weight/Normal Patient. A statistically significant difference in TAS values was found in the Obese/PCOS binary group comparison with Normal Weight/PCOS. In our study, we observed changes in TOS and OSI levels in overweight/obese and non-overweight/obese adolescences with PCOS and non-PCOS. An inflammatory process in obesity was found to be effective in pathology of adolescence PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the oxidant/antioxidant balance and proinflammatory status in amniotic fluids collected during cesarean section of patients diagnosed with abruptio placenta. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with ablatio placenta with intact membranes who went to emergency cesarean section were included in the study. A diagnosis of AP was made in those who had at least one of the following criteria or, in suspicious cases, two findings. (i) Antepartum hemorrhage starting after 20 weeks of gestation, (ii) presence of retroplacental hematoma on ultrasonography, (iii) severe fetal distress or death, (iv) localized or diffuse uterine tenderness or pain. The control group consisted of 25 patients who presented for delivery, who were not diagnosed with AP, and whose membranes were intact. NF-κB, total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (TOC/TAC=OSI) levels were measured in amniotic fluids collected during cesarean section from both groups. RESULTS: Amniotic fluid TAS values of the AP group were significantly lower than the healthy controls (1.14±0.33 vs. 9.05±3.40, p<0.01). Amniotic fluid TOS values were significantly increased in the AP group (36.1±8.10 vs. 11.4±2.77, p<0.02). OSI values were significantly higher in the AP group (31.6±9.03 vs. 1.26±0.02, p<0.01). Amniotic fluid NF-κB expression of the AP group was approximately 5 times higher than the control group (10.4±2.56 ng/mL vs. 1.86±0.30 ng/mL, p<0.01). High blood pressure and smoking history were significantly higher in the AP group. Gestational age and fetal birth weight of the AP group were lower than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Since the increase in amniotic fluid oxidant capacity and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis cannot be neutralized by the antioxidant system, hypoxic cell damage may lead to premature separation of the placenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study aims to compare serum HMGB-1, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), TAS, TOS, and OSI levels in Wettype Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) patients and healthy controls to determine the correlation of these parameters with each other. Methods: Thirty patients with Wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (wAMD) and 27 healthy adults, as controls were enrolled in the study. We determined the TAS and TOS levels in serum samples of both groups using commercial kits on a microplate reader. Serum HMGB-1 and 3-NT levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: HMGB-1 levels were significantly higher in the patient group (137.51 pg/mL, p=0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups in serum 3-NT levels (p = 0.428). A statistically significant difference found in the levels of TOS and OSI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively) between the patients and controls, however, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of TAS levels (p = 0.228). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and HMGB-1 levels were increased in wAMD patients and enhanced oxidative stress may be associated with increased tissue necrosis and inflammation. Thus administration of antioxidant treatment in addition to routine therapy should be considered in wAMD.

Copyright of Kocatepe Veterinary Journal / Kocatepe Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Medical Biochemistry is the property of Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of COPD by interfering with the protease/antiprotease and oxidant/antioxidant balance. There is no adequate data about the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and FEV1 values in stable COPD patients. Prospective cohort study, designed in tertiary care chest disease hospitals' outpatient clinic. COPD patients were approved informed consent were included in the study. The total antioxidant status (TAS,), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), IL1 IL6, and TNFα levels were measured. The mean age of 33 COPD patients who joined the study was 61±9,32 years, while their average body mass index (BMI) was 27±4,31 kg/m2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, weight, smoking status and comorbidities. According to the results of the analysis, there was a statistically significant difference in TOS, TAS, oxidative stress index (OSI), TT, NT, DIS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα between the control and COPD patient groups (p<0.001 for all variables). Compared to healthy controls, COPD patients had greater TOS, OSI, disulfide (DIS), IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα levels. Healthy controls, had considerably higher TAS, TT, and NT values than the COPD group. No significant correlation was detected between the pulmonary function test results and oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, no significant correlation was detected between the pulmonary function test results and oxidative stress markers besides TOS was increased while TAS was decreased, in accordance with the pathophysiology of COPD, oxidative stress markers can also be utilized in COPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behcets disease is known as a chronic and inflammatory vasculitis with multiple system and organ involvement. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between BD and oxidative stress by evaluating the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in healthy control group and patients with Behcets disease (BD). Materials and Methods: Study groups were composed of BD patients (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 54). Serum total TAS, TOS, (OSI) and serum lipid levels were measured by photometric method. All measurements were made on Beckman Coulter AU5800 Series (Japan). OSI was determined by the TOS / TAS ratio. Serum TAS levels in BD were lower than the healthy controls (p = 0.039). Serum levels of TOS, OSI and lipids did not differ significantly in BD patients compared to healthy controls. Also, the sensitivity of TAS for BD was high (0.825). Low TAS levels can play an important role in the etiopathology of BD. Increasing serum TAS levels may be beneficial for the clinical process. More studies are needed in this regard. [Med-Science 2020; 9(3.000): 625-8]

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has created great problems in healthcare systems throughout the world. Although, just like other respiratory tract viral infections, it is a disease with pathophysiological processes associated in general with cytokine production, inflammation, cell death, and redox imbalance or oxidative stress, very little is known about the pathology. Also, in recent studies, the effect of asprosin, which has an important and complex role on metabolism, on COVID-19 is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the level of asprosin, a new hormone that has the potential to affect many metabolic pathways such as glucose metabolism, in COVID-19 patients. In addition, it is to determine whether asprosin is associated with oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 confirmed with RT-PCR test and 30 healthy control subjects. The serum asprosin level was analyzed with ELISA, and total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels with colorimetric analysis. Results: The asprosin and TAS levels were determined to be statistically significantly decreased in the COVID-19 patients, and the TOS and OSI levels were significantly increased. Conclusions: It can be thought that a decrease in asprosin level in COVID-19 patients causes a decrease in metabolic activity, prevents sufficient energy production in patients, and therefore oxidative stress increases in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iron overload, common in patients with hematological disorders, is a key target in drug development. This study investigated the effects of curcumin on iron overload in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 139.78 ± 11.95 gm (Mean ± SD) were divided into three equal groups: (i) controls; (ii) iron overload group that received six doses of iron dextran 1000 mg/kg--1 by intraperitoneal injections (i.p.); and (iii) iron overload curcumin group that received six doses of curcumin (1000 mg/kg BW by i.p.). In addition to six doses of iron dextran 1000 mg/kg--1 by i.p., we studied the effects of curcumin on liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]); antioxidant enzymes (malondialdehyde [MDA], total oxidant status [TOS], total antioxidant status [TAS]); hematological parameters (hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], red blood cells [RBC], white blood cells [WBC], mean corpus volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC]); and iron parameters (serum iron profile, transferrin, total iron-binding capacity [TIBC], ferritin, and transferrin saturation [TS%]). Results: Curcumin caused a significant decrease in the Hct and Hb concentrations in Group III (P < 0.05). It also significantly reduced the serum levels of ALT (52.45 ± 4.51 vs 89.58 ± 4.65 U/L) and AST (148.03 ± 6.47 vs 265.27 ± 13.02 U/L) at the end of the study (P < 0.05). The TIBC, transferrin levels, and TS significantly decreased when the rats were administered curcumin serum iron (P < 0.05). The TAS level significantly increased in Group III in comparison to Group I (the control group) (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, curcumin significantly reduced the serum levels of TOS (12.03 ± 2.8 vs 16.95 ± 5.05 mmol H2O2/L) while the TAS (1.98 ± 0.42 vs 1.06 ± 0.33 mmol Trolox equiv./L) was increased. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest the therapeutic potential of curcumin against iron overload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Changes in oxidative stress and thiol / disulfide balance are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Our study investigates total oxidant level (TOS), total antioxidant level (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI) levels and thiol / disulfide balance in pediatric patients with acute and chronic ITP. Methods. Thirty four patients with acute ITP, eighteen patients with chronic ITP and thirty three healthy children (control) were included. TOS, TAS, OSI, thiol / disulfide balance were analyzed. Results. In acute ITP, TAS levels were lower than chronic ITP and control, TOS and OSI levels were higher than control, and native thiol level was lower than chronic ITP (p <0.05). In acute ITP; disulfide level, disulfide / native thiol and disulfide / total thiol ratios were higher than chronic ITP and control, and native thiol / total thiol ratio was lower than chronic ITP and control group (p = 0.038, p = 0.018, respectively). TOS and OSI levels of the chronic ITP were higher than the control group (p <0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study have shown that oxidative stress increases in children with acute ITP and chronic ITP, that thiol / disulfide balance is disrupted in favor of disulfide in acute ITP, and that thiol / disulfide balance isn't disrupted in chronic ITP patients whose platelet count is close to normal and who don't require treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of low and high dose pregabalin that was administered in rat in a spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) study model. Material and Method: We used 24 Wistar albino rats as subjects in our study. They were divided into 4 groups; randomized Control (C group), I/R (I/R group), I/R-low dose (30 mg/kg) pregabalin (I/R-LP group) and I/R-high dose (200 mg/kg) pregabalin (I/R-HP group). All groups have undergone a laparotomy intervention under anesthesia. In I/R group, a cross clamp was placed in the abdominal aorta just after the laparotomy for 120 minutes (to cause spinal cord ischemia injury) and then reperfusion was achieved by opening the vascular clamp. At the end of the study, kidney tissue was obtained for determining total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, histochemical and immunohistochemical determination. Results: Total Oxidative Status (TOS) enzyme activity was significantly higher in I/R group when compared to the control, I/R-LP and I/R-HP groups. Likewise, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) enzyme activity was remarkably higher in I/R group when compared with the C, I/R-LP and I/R-HP groups. VEGF staining has yielded no expression in renal tissues. In microscopical analysis of the tissue slides which were immunohistochemically stained with p53 antibody, some crucial findings have been established as follows: As p53-expressing cells were not detected in the control group, the presence of p53-expressing cells were clearly identified at different intensities in several bowman capsules in the I/R group. However, no expression was detected in general tubules. Interestingly, p53 expression levels were prominently lower in low-dose pregabalin given group and considerably higher in the 200 mg/kg pregabalin administered group, which was more pronounced than the I/R group. Conclusion: Results established from the current study suggest that pregabalin given at different doses may have a partial protective effect in kidney tissues of rats undergone experimental spinal cord IR injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovarian torsion is an important gynecological emergency and various agents are used in the experimental phase to prevent ovarian injury. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) use on ischemia/reperfusion injury in torsion/detorsion model of rat ovary. Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was designated as the sham group, and torsion/detorsion was applied to the remaining three groups. The third group was given saline and the fourth group was given G-CSF before detorsion. The total antioxidant and oxidant status, oxidative stress index, catalase, malondialdehyde and total thiol values were measured in rat ovaries, and after torsion/detorsion the follicles numbers of rat ovary were determined by histopathological examination. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in oxidative stress markers. However, the primary and secondary follicle numbers in the G-CSF group were significantly higher than the other torsion/detorsion groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Although the use of G-CSF in the rat ovary torsion/detorsion model was histopathologically protective in terms of the number of primary and secondary follicles, no difference was found in biochemical markers associated with reperfusion injury.

This study was planned to investigate the protective effect of Allium schoenoprasum L. (Sirmo) against acrylamide toxicity. Thirty-two Wistar-Albino rats were used as the study animal material. Rats were divided into 4 groups. No application was made to the first group. The second group received 25 mg / kg Acrylamide gastric gavage daily. The third group received 200 mg / kg Allium schoenoprasum L. (Sirmo) ethanol extract by gastric gavage. Fourth group received 25 mg / kg Acrylamide and 200 mg / kg Allium schoenoprasum L. ethanol extract at by gastric gavage. The study period was planned as 15 days. On the 16th day, all rats were sacrificed by high blood collection. As a result of the analysis, TAS levels were decreased and TOS levels were increased in acrylamide group. Allium schoenoprasum L. groups showed increased TAS levels and decreased TOS levels. BUN and HDL levels were decreased in the acrylamide and sirmo group. Zn, Mn and Cu heavy metal levels were decreased in all groups compared to control group. As a result, it was observed that Allium schoenoprasum L. has benefits against oxidative stress caused by acrylamide toxicity. However, ALT and AST levels were increased in groups where this plant was given. In the same groups, BUN levels decreased compared to the control group. These parameters are important indicators showing adverse conditions in the liver. These results are important in the long term, since the plant we use may have harmful effects on the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to test different doses of L-glutamine and trehalose in the canine semen diluent while determining their protective effects on spermatological and biochemical indices of the thawed samples. Semen samples were collected from three fertile dogs using the digital manipulation method. The mixed ejaculates were divided into five portions at 37 °C and diluted with additives. Five study groups were formed with L-glutamine (10 and 20 mM), trehalose (25 and 50 mM), and no additives (control). After the dilution, the semen samples were cooled for 1.5 h at 5 °C and frozen (-110 to -120 °C) in liquid nitrogen vapor. Then, they were stored at -196 °C. For spermatological evaluations, samples were thawed at 38 °C for 30 s. L-glutamine (20 mM) was found to be significantly different (P < 0.05) and led to higher percentages of motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity compared to the control group. Considering the total oxidant status (TOS) assay, the lower values were determined in all the antioxidant groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Supplementing the semen extender with L-glutamine showed a higher total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). As a result of this study, a higher protective effect was found in all the spermatological evaluations after thawing the frozen semen samples, especially in the group containing L-glutamine (20 mM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, women with habitual abortus (HA) and healthy control groups were determined for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), retinol, cholecalciferol, α-tocopherol, phylloquinone, total antioxidant (TAS) and total oxidation status (TOS) levels, also, and the relationships of these variables with HA were evaluated.Material and Methods: The study included 39 women with HA and 39 healthy control subjects. In this study, trace element and mineral analyses by ICP-OES and vitamin analyses were determined using HPLC method.Results: Statistical analysis found that in the HA group was significantly lower than the control group with regarding cholecalciferol, phylloquinone, TAS, Se, Zn, Cu, Mg, K and Na levels (p < .05, p < .01, p < .01, p < .001, p < .05, p < .05, p < .01, p < .01 and p < .05). However, HA group was also significantly higher than control group regards to TOS, OSI and Ca⁄Mg levels (p < .05, p < .001, p < .05). In the HA group, significantly positive correlations were observed between phylloquinone and Ca (r = 0.495; p = .027), also, indicates negative significant correlation between cholecalciferol and Co (r = -0.598; p = .031).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the results could be helpful in the monitoring of women with HA in terms of deficiency. It is important that in terms of the evaluation of phylloquinone, cholecalciferol Se, Zn, Cu, Mg and Ca/Mg ratio is required to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Celtis tournefortii fruit extract (Ct) against copper-induced liver damage in rats. Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided into four equal groups (n = 8): Control, Copper (Cu), Copper + C. tournefortii (Cu+Ct), and C. tournefortii (Ct). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were analysed in the liver tissues. Liver histopathology was also evaluated. Alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the Cu+Ct group compared with the Cu group. Oxidative stress parameters MDA and TOS significantly increased with copper administration, whereas they decreased with C. tournefortii co-treatment compared to Cu group. GSH concentration and TAS showed significant decreases with copper administration. Celtis tournefortii co-supplementation with copper significantly enhanced antioxidant parameters such as TAS, SOD, and GPx. Celtis tournefortii remarkably attenuated degenerative and necrotic changes caused by the oral exposure of copper in the liver tissue of rats. Celtis tournefortii may provide amelioration of the antioxidant status and moderation of severity of liver damage against copper toxicity. The therapeutic use of C. tournefortii may exhibit protective effects in liver injury treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Newborn calf diarrhea causes significant economic losses. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the effect of adding probiotics on Total Antioxidant (TAS) and Total Oxidant (TOS) levels in routine treatment of calf diarrhea. Material-Method: The material of the study consisted of 12 calves, routine treatment (Group 1, n=6 calves) and probiotic group. (Group 2; n=6 calves). Results: TAS values increased statistically after treatment (P <0.05) in group 2 compared to pretreatment. Comparison of the groups after treatment revealed that TAS significantly increased (P <0.05) in group 2. While there was no statistical difference in TOS values between the groups a statistically significant increase (P <0.05) was detected after treatment compared to pretreatment. Conclusion: It was concluded that adding probiotics may be useful in addition to routine treatment in newborn calf diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The larval form of Echinococcus granulosus, hydatid cyst is an important parasitic zoonosis commonly seen in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of cystic echinococcosis with antioxidant / oxidant status in sheep sera. The material of the study was composed of sheep infected with hydatid cyst and healthy cut in slaughterhouse in Van province. The general health status of the sheep before slaughtering was checked by physical examination and blood samples were taken. After slaughtering, cyst hydatid examination was performed in different organs of the animals. The control group consisted of 25 sheep study cases with positive (fertil cyst) and 15 sheep without any pathological lesion on organ examinations and healthy on physical examination. Blood samples taken from animals infected with healthy and hydatid cysts were transported to the laboratory under appropriate conditions and centrifuged. Total antioxidant / oxidant status, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured by using commercial kits. Compared with cystic echinococcosis group and healthy group, the importance was calculated on the TAS, PON1 activities (P <0.01), TOS, ARES activities differences (P <0.001), It decreases. This may cause tissue necrosis and increased inflammation . Decrease in antioxidant reserves; excessive free radical formation in the ewes with cystic echinococcosis causes deterioration of the normal histological structure of the organ in the cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to investigate the effect of melatonin on oxidative damage in rats exposed to Wi-Fi. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Wriless waves biophysically and biochemically. This study was to investigate the effects of Wi-Fi electromagnetic field (Wi-Fi-EMF) on total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in various rat tissues. In this study, we used 30 male Wistar Albino rats of 230- 250 grams of body weight. Animals were divided into five groups as control, saline (1 ml/kg/day olive oil for 30 days), Wi-Fi (12 hours/day for 30 days), melatonin (10 mg/kg/day for 30 days) and melatonin + Wi-Fi (10 mg/kg/day + 12 hours/day for 30 days). In thirtieth day, thirty min after the last drugs administration at the indicated doses, PTZ was administered 45 mg / kg to induce epileptic seizure. The animals were observed for 30 min. Seizure stages (according to the Racine Scale) and first myoclonic jerk times (FMJ). Twenty four hours after PTZ injection, kidney tissuss were collected for biochemical evaluation. Oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI)) were measured in kidney tissues. In the control, no electromagnetic wireless exposure was applied. The quantities of TAS, TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI) in the collected kidney tissues were compared between the control and the exposure groups. Wi-Fi reduced antioxidant effect of melatonin (p<0.05). Moreover, Wi-Fi increased cell damage in kidney tissue (p<0.05). In terms of each parameter that is indicative for antioxidant levels and oxidant activity, there were significant differences between kidney tissues (P < 0.05). This is a original study, due to the fact that by revealing in length the Wi-Fi effects of oxidative damage on kidney tissues of rats. Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Wi-Fi directly reduced the effect of melotonin. The effects of Wi-Fi are caused by oxidative means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yiğit Kılıç,1 Abdullah Özer,1 Tolga Tatar,1 Mustafa Hakan Zor,1 Mehmet Kirişçi,2 Hakan Kartal,3 Ali Doğan Dursun,4 Deniz Billur,5 Mustafa Arslan,6 Ayşegül Küçük7 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, 2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ardahan State Hospital, Ardahan, 4Department of Physiology, Ankara University Medical Faculty, 5Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University Medical Faculty, 6Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, 7Department of Physiology, Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty, Kütahya, Turkey Introduction: Many structural and functional damages are observed in cells and tissues after reperfusion of previously viable ischemic tissues. Acute ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury of lower extremities occurs especially when a temporary cross-clamp is applied to the abdominal aorta during aortic surgery. Research regarding the treatment of I/R injury has been increasing day-by-day. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of picroside II on skeletal muscle of rats experiencing simulated I/R.Materials and methods: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats weighing between 210 and 300 g were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (control, I/R, control + picroside II, and I/R + picroside II). The infrarenal section of the abdominal aorta was occluded with an atraumatic microvascular clamp in I/R group. The clamp was removed after 120 minutes and reperfusion was provided for a further 120 minutes. Picroside II (10 mg kg–1) was administered intraperitoneally to the animals in control + picroside II and I/R + picroside II groups. At the end of the study, skeletal muscle tissue was obtained for the determination of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL experiment.Results: TOS levels were significantly higher in I/R group than that of control and I/R + picroside II groups (P=0.014, P=0.005, respectively). TAS levels were significantly higher in I/R group than that of control and I/R + picroside II groups (P=0.007 P=0.005, respectively). TUNEL assay revealed that picroside II reduced cell necrosis.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that picroside II plays a critical role to prevent I/R injury. Even though our results were found to be satisfactory, it should be encouraging to those who want to conduct future research on this topic. Keywords: ischemia reperfusion, picroside II, hind limb skeletal muscle, TOS, TAS

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the predictive power of plasma prolidase activity and oxidative-stress parameters for distinguishing in patients with various causes of non-traumatic abdominal pain who presented to the emergency department.Methods: This study enrolled 100 consecutive adult patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The patients were divided into surgically treated patients (STP); medically treated patients (MTP) and nonspecific abdominal pain (NSAP) patients. As predictors of early oxidative changes, the plasma prolidase activity, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were assessed using a novel automated method.Results: No significant difference was observed between the patients and the controls with respect to age or sex (p = 0.837 and 0.188, respectively). The plasma TOS, OSI value, and prolidase activity were significantly higher in the patients with abdominal pain than in the controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively); however, there was no significant difference in the TAS (p = 0.211). The mean plasma TOS, OSI value, and prolidase activity differed significantly among the three groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The STP had the highest TOS and prolidase activity. However, there was no significant difference in the mean plasma TAS in either group of patients (p = 0.419).Conclusion: The plasma prolidase activity and TOS level, as biomarkers of oxidative stress, enable discrimination of patients with NSAP from those with surgical abdominal pain that requires emergent surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on some resistance parameters in tomato-Rhizoctonia solani pathosystem under pot conditions were aimed. At the end of the experiments, the colonization rates of Glomus intraradices (Gi) and mixture of mycorrhisal fungi (MMF) were 51.0% and 62.0%, respectively. Depending on the colonisation, growth parameters including plant height stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of tomato plants were increased by myorrhisal fungi compared to control. Disease severity was reduced by Gi and MMF by 51.85% and 70.86%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds were measured for six weeks in the experiment. In all applications, total phenolic compounds were higher than control. The amount of phenolic compounds was highest in the first week immediately after pathogen inoculation. In the following weeks, the amount of phenolic compounds gradually decreased. The effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the oxidative-antioxidative parameters were also observed. TOS, OSI, levels were significantly higher in R. solani infected plants than in all treatment. TAS levels were higher in mycorrhizal and/or pathogen combinations. As a result of the study, mycorrhizal fungi were decreased the disease severity by increasing the amount of phenolic compounds and total antioxidant level against Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78 and CHOP in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) and to examine relations with degrees of AMI-related intestinal injury.Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. Group I and Group III represented the control groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after laparotomy without superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ligation. Group II and Group IV constituted the ischemia groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after SMA ligation. The ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were investigated in each group. Ileum specimens were assessed in terms of ischemic injury, and appropriate comparisons were performed.Results: Significantly higher GRP78, CHOP, TOS, and TAS values were determined in the ischemia groups (groups II and IV) compared to the control groups (groups I and III). This elevation was greater in the 6 h ischemia group, the group exposed to the greatest ischemic injury (Group IV). Significant and powerful correlation was present between histopathological damage and levels of the ER stress markers and oxidative markers.Conclusion: According to our results, ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) increase significantly following ischemic injury. This elevation has the potential to be used diagnostically and also in prognostic terms due to the powerful correlation it exhibits with AMI-related ischemic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of wheatgrass on antioxidant capacity and DNA damage in rats with renal failure. In the study, 200-300 g 24 healthy Wistar -Albino male rats obtained from YYU Experimental Animal Unit were used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and each group was formed with 6 rats. Groups were allocated as; ' . Control Group, 2. Renal Failure Group (Genta Group) 3. Renal Failure + Wheatgrass Group (Genta +Wheatgrass) 4. Wheatgrass Group. Gentamicin sulfate was given intraperitoneal at a dose of 50 mg/kg for ' week and once a day to the groups with renal failure (Groups 2 and 3). Wheat grass extract ('0 ml/kg) was added to the drinking water of the wheatgrass group rats (3rd and 4th groups) once a day. This practice lasted for 4 weeks. Total oxidant, antioxidant quantities, DNA damage were evaluated at the end of 4 weeks. The result that wheatgrass could be useful in renal failure was reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, the parameters of oxidative stress markers and thiol-disulfide homeostasis as a novel biomarker were evaluated in experimental groups of adult individuals, which were formed according to the body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: A total of 165 adult patients were grouped as normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9, n=39), preobese or overweight (BMI 25-29.9, n=47), obese (BMI 30-34.9; n=44), and severely obese (BMI >35, n=35). In addition to thiol-disulfide homeostasis parameters, the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), albumin, and ceruloplasmin levels were determined. Results: Native thiol, total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol % levels were significantly decreased in the overweight, obese, and severely obese groups compared to the normal weight group (p<0.001). Disulfide levels were elevated in the overweight group compared to the normal weight group (p<0.01). While the TOS and OSI levels of the normal weight group were elevated compared to the overweight (p<0.001) and obese/severely obese groups (p<0.05), albumin levels of the normal weight group were reduced compared to other groups (p<0.001). The IMA levels of the overweight group were elevated compared to the normal weight and severely obese groups (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). Ceruloplasmin levels of the severely obese group were increased compared to the normal weight and overweight groups (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: In our study, oxidative stress was increased in groups with a BMI greater than normal (≥25). In addition to this, the oxidative stress and thiol-disulfide homeostasis markers are observed to be further increased in the overweight group than the obese (≥30) group due to body's reaction to first inconsistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The exact etiopathogenesis of steroid-induced cataracts (SIC) is not known. Although oxidative stress is one of the most acceptable hypotheses, the exact molecular events in steroid-induced oxidative events in the lens need to be clarified. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the innate immune system components in SIC formation have not been studied previously. The aim of the present study was to study the oxidative system and the innate immune system components in the cataractous lenses of a developing chick embryo SIC model. Materials and methods: The study included 20 specific pathogen-free (SPF) fertilized eggs divided into two groups, with one hydrocortisone (HC)-treated group (G1) and one non-HC-treated control group (G2). On the 15th day of incubation, the SPF eggs in the two groups were removed from the incubator; HC was injected into G1, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into G2 using insulin injectors into the chorioallantoic membrane. On day 17, all of the chick embryos were removed from the eggs, and all lens and liver tissues were dissected from the embryos. Cataract formation was evaluated in all lenses, and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were measured in all lens and liver tissues. Results: The lenses in the SIC group had lower levels of GSH, GSSG, TAS, and IL-6 (p = 0.016, 0.022, 0.000, 0.000, respectively), and higher levels of TOS (p = 0.000) than the control group. Furthermore, the liver tissues in the SIC group had decreased levels of TAS and IL-6, and increased levels of TOS compared to the control tissues (p = 0.000). Although the IL-1β levels in the lens and liver tissues in the HC-induced cataract group were lower than in the control group, these differences were not statistically significant. In addition, the GSH levels in the liver tissues did not statistically differ between the two groups despite the significant GSH difference in the lens tissues. Conclusions: Steroid therapy causes a decrease in GSH, GSSG, and TAS levels and an increase in TOS levels in lens tissues, which means there is increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence. Furthermore, lenses with SIC have lower IL-6 levels compared to non-cataractous lenses. The interaction between lenticular IL-6 and antioxidant defence needs to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze the serum total antioxidant/total oxidant (TAS/TOS) levels and thiol/ disulphide balance of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and draws a comparison with those of healthy children. Methods: The study involved 46 children diagnosed with ASD, along with 45 healthy children. The devel-opmental stage, degree of intelligence and autism symptom severity of the ASD group were assessed using the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Problematic Behavior Control List (PBCL), Childhood Autism Checklist Scale (CARS) and developmentally appropriate screening or IQ tests. Clinical, sociological and demographic data were obtained for both groups. The TAS/TOS levels and thiol/disulphide balance of both groups were analyzed and their oxidative stress index was obtained from the formula TAS/TOSx100. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analyses. p<0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant. Results: While lower TAS, native thiol and total thiol levels were found in the ASD group, other indices such as TOS, OSI and serum thiol-disulphide were similar for both groups. Discussion: Although no measurable effect upon the severity of autism was noted, the total antioxidant and thiol levels may be a significant cause of oxidative imbalance in ASD and our findings may suggest a predictive useful-ness for TAS/TOS and thiol/disulphide balance, suggesting that treatments for ASD that take advantage of the po-tential advantages of antioxidants should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA) in the treatment of endometriosis in an experimental rat model by evaluating biochemical and histopathologic parameters. Experimental endometriosis was induced by the peritoneal implantation of autologous endometrial tissue. The rats were randomly divided into two groups with eight rats each. Group I was intraperitoneally administered ALA 100 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Group II was intraperitoneally administered saline solution at the same dosage and over the same period. Endometrial implant volume was measured in both groups both pre- and post-treatment. Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) was measured in peritoneal fluid. Total antioxidant status ( TAS), total oxidant status ( TOS), and oxidative stress index ( OSI) were assessed in serum. The implants were histopathologically evaluated. In the ALA group, the serum TOS and OSI levels, the endometrial implant volumes, the TNF-α levels in serum and peritoneal fluid, and the histopathologic scores were significantly lower compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). Alpha-lipoic acid may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of endometriosis due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to search the effect of barley grass (BG) on the Total Antioxidant (TAS)-Oxidant Status (TOS) and DNA damage (8OHdG) in rat with renal failure. The rats which are used in the study were randomly divided into 4 groups that each of has 8 rats: Control (C) group; injected i.p. with physiological saline once a day for 7 days, GM group; Gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) was injected i.p. for 7 days, BG group; was given oral BG (250 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks, GM+BG group was injected gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day) with i.p. for 7 days and BG (250 mg/kg/day) was given by oral for 4 weeks. After from the process of experiment for 4 weeks, blood sample and kidney tissue were taken. The analyses of urea and creatinine were done by autoanalyser; TAS, TOS levels by colorimetric kits; 8OHdG level by ELISA kits in serum. The kidney tissues were examined histologically. In the GM+BG group was statistically decreased levels of urea, creatinine, TOS (p<0.05) and OSI (p<0.01) compared to GM group. In the group of BG was determined the levels of TAS p<0.05 statistically increased other groups. The statistical significance was not found in the level of serum 8OHdG differences between the groups. BG decreased widespread damage to the renal glomerulus and proximal tubulus. As a result, adverse effects of highdose gentamicin application such as kidney damage can be reduced when used barley grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant status of the indigenous brown trout (Salmo sp.) caught from Munzur stream (Tunceli, Turkey) at different seasons in different tissues. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured. These measurements were read in a microplate reader using commercial kits with ELISA method. At the end of the study, significant variations of oxidative stress biomarkers were observed between seasons and tissues. The results of this study show that oxidative stress responses in tissues of Salmo sp. are sensitive to the tissues and the seasons in relation to the contaminants, climatic parameters and reproductive period in Munzur stream. The selected parameters are in valuable biomarkers for monitoring of water systems since at molecular levels they give an early warning signal of xenobiotics on aquatic organisms. It was concluded that the measurement of antioxidants biomarkers known such as SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, TAS and TOS levels may also be promising indicators of an oxidant impact on aquatic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]