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This paper introduces the first index for the market diversification of tourist arrivals. Using this new index, we revisit the tourism-growth nexus for eight countries in the Mediterranean region: Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. For this purpose, we run the individual Granger and the panel data non-Granger causality tests for the period from 1995 to 2014. We find the causality from market diversification to economic growth in Egypt and Greece and observe the causality from economic growth to market diversification in France, Morocco, and Turkey. We also find bidirectional causality in Italy, Spain, and Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aim of this article is to investigate the relationship among tourists' utilitarian needs, non-utilitarian needs, destination image, and personality of Mykonos Island. The research objectives of this article are twofold: (i) to investigate Mykonos tourists' utilitarian and non-utilitarian needs; and (ii) to examine the degree to which the destination image and personality of Mykonos affect visitors' behavior and to determine whether this influence can be strengthened. Data are collected on the basis of a structured questionnaire. The research results show that destination image and personality have a direct and positive effect on each other and on tourists' utilitarian and non-utilitarian needs. There is no study until now that investigates the notions of utilitarian and non-utilitarian needs of tourists, in terms of destination image and personality of a holiday destination, during the current economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents the evolution of spatial planning as it was implemented in Greece since the end of the 2nd World War in connexion to its influence in the shaping and growing of Greek tourist destinations. The paper acknowledges that the spatial planning policies implemented and the spatial status that they form are proven to be crucial factors in the organizational model followed by the Greek tourist destinations. The lack of a consistent and complete planning for the Greek tourist destinations, which would have developmental dimensions, results to the application of incoherent and, in many cases, controversial policies that affects their evolution and prospects. As a consequence, referring to specific time periods based on the philosophy on the shaping of the tourist destination proves to be a very difficult task, since tourism policies have shown over time a wide discordance between the intentions of state planning and the policies implemented at a local level through a large number of legal exceptions. Moreover, there is an obvious lack of uniformity and consistency on the policies applied by a large number of competent authorities, such as the Greek Tourism Organization (GNTO), the Ministry of Culture, The Ministry of Environment, Regional and Local Authorities. In the long term, this inconsistency that prevails in the applied spatial and urban policies has served small properties and local interests and, consequently, the dominance of an indigenous "non-industrial" model of tourism development. The article concludes with the examination of complicated issues that spatial planning has to deal with during this current period of economic crisis in Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a global high consumption industry with important sustainability implications. Given the strong link between tourism and transport, this research analyses the opinion of local authorities and stakeholders to help promote sustainable transport in the touristic islands of Chios and Lesvos, in the Aegean Sea, in Greece. The attitudes of stakeholders towards the current state of tourism, future targets of the tourism industry and ways that green transport may assist the local tourism industry achieve these targets, were analyzed. A total of 82 completed questionnaires were collected from public consultations in Chios and Lesvos. Tourism seasonality, an emphasis on sun and sea, the small size of tourist enterprises and pressure from tour operators were seen as problems of the existing situation of the tourist industry. Stakeholders considered the independent operation of local institutions, a reduction of the emphasis on sun and sea tourism as well as an increase in the size of enterprises, important future targets for the tourist industry. Finally, it was established that stakeholders thought that green transport may prove to be particularly helpful with an increase in the size of tourist enterprises, legalization of more unlicensed establishments and less emphasis on sun and sea tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use changes in Greece are the end product of social shifts and influences, historical developments and changes over time to the land which, combined with the effects of European, national and in particular sectoral policies, have brought about a complex and diverse land situation subject to a variety of continuing pressures. One such pressure is tourism, with various significant consequences for economic and social activities on the land and natural resources. The authors' objective is to explore and briefly analyze both in what ways spatial policies in Greece (including tourism policies) have had an impact on tourism and vice-versa how tourism activities have generally speaking affected land uses in Greece, especially over the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents a direct comparison of destination image based on representative sample and empirical research of British first time visitors to the island of Corfu, Greece. The sample members were provided two questions, one at their arrival and before the departure. The study showed the pragmatic dimensions, indicated the priorities for management and marketing actions and recommended through comparison of a new kind of image.

The article presents a study on the different characteristics of the Greek islands of Lemnos and Hydra. The study showed that the economic parameters contribute on the perceptions of 400 residents of Hydra and Lemnos about tourism development. It revealed that there is a lessened perception on the negative impact of tourism on environment and society, particularly when the income is depended directly from tourism.

At the turn of the nineteenth century, the blurred contours of the mythical landscapes of Greece acquired sharpness and definition in Western travelers' accounts and visual representations. They were experienced from the mobile elevated platform of steamboats and filtered through the lens of new visual technologies. Traversed by a new category of organized "scientific cruisers," the Greek landscape was a repository of universal values as well as a site of tensions: between a mythical ancient past and a geopolitically dynamic present; between poetic imagination and "clear" scientific observation; between land and sea. Sailing between these tensions, a new cosmopolitan community took shape. This, however, ultimately remained a western elite sailing at a distance from contemporary Greece and its people. It remained a metaphor for ephemeral utopian visions--like the idealized dioramic landscape through which it moved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses coastal leisure shipping activity in Greece and estimates its economic contribution to the national economy. Even though the activity is encompassed by the shipping transport sector and is supervised by the Ministry of Merchant Marine, its product appears to be offered exclusively to tourists. The magnitude of the economic contribution of coastal leisure shipping to the Greek economy is assessed through the implementation of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). Although the contribution of coastal leisure shipping to the national economy is not very substantial, it is significant to the local economies of the insular and coastal regions. The tourist 'day ships' constitute a dependable means of connecting the small islands with the larger islands and the ports of continental Greece. The role of the daily sea tours for the inhabitants of small islands is purely that of a means of transportation, since for most of them the tourist boats are an alternative, or sometimes the only means of connection with the rest of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern Sporades Island of Greece, or the Dodecanese as they came to be called around of the 20th century, the islands of the south-eastern Aegean, lie scattered between Crete and Asia Minor. Their two age-old and brilliant civilizations are historically-linked with these islands, which, great or small, inhabited or now uninhabited, number more than twenty, all bearing the traces of human habitation upon them. Today main characteristic of these islands is strong development of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to 'promote' the use of moving image visual ethnography within tourism research while concurrently acknowledging the methodological and practical challenges inherent in the use of this method. The paper introduces Dziga Vertov's 1929 groundbreaking film 'The Man With the Movie Camera' and argues that a certain parallel can be drawn between the film and contemporary moving image visual ethnography in so far as the latter is, like Vertov's film, about the glimpses of the everyday as perceived by the researcher/filmmaker. Important within this context is the role of the 'self' of the researcher, something further explored through a case study of academic filmmaking, a project which investigates the construction and consumption of images of Greekness by visitors to the Athenian Acropolis. This case also highlights the practical challenges involved in adopting this method and investigates various filming techniques which could successfully be used by tourism researchers to either 'collect data' or create ethnographic documentaries, which can in turn be used for a range of other academic and pedagogic purposes. The paper concludes that being a 'researcher with a movie camera' although challenging can prove to be remarkably fruitful and rewarding, especially in the context of tourism studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]