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La participació en el context de la planificació urbana està creixent en els processos urbans i arquitectònics de les ciutats democràtiques. La co-creació urbana significa treballar amb les comunitats integrant les seves necessitats i imaginaris, donant-los l'oportunitat de col·laborar en la transformació de la ciutat. Per a aconseguir-ho, es requereix una metodologia participativa complexa i preparada perquè professionals de l'urbanisme, de l'arquitectura i del paisatgisme treballin de manera interdisciplinària juntament amb altres agents socials. Aquesta recerca presenta un mètode comparatiu d'estudis de cas utilitzant una taxonomia semiòtica, generada a partir d'estudis anteriors. En aquesta nova etapa de la recerca, presentada en aquest article, es compara casos d'estudis i els seus “codis” per a poder trobar similituds entre si i entendre com influeix cada part d'una acció participativa. Els resultats mostren que aquests "codis" amb denominadors comuns es repeteixen en contextos a vegades molt diferents. Participation in the context of urban planning is growing in the urban and architectural processes of democratic cities. Urban co-creation means working with communities by integrating their needs, giving them the opportunity to collaborate in the transformation of the city. To achieve this, a complex and prepared participatory methodology is required for urban planning, architecture and landscape architecture professionals to work in an interdisciplinary way together with other social actors. This research presents a comparative case study method using a semiotic taxonomy, generated from previous studies. In this new stage of the research, presented in this paper, case studies and their "codes" are compared in order to find similarities between them and to understand how each part of a participatory action influences the other. The results show that these "codes" with common denominators are repeated in sometimes very different contexts. La participación en el contexto de la planificación urbana está resurgiendo en los procesos urbanos y arquitectónicos de las ciudades democráticas. La co-creación urbana significa trabajar con los habitantes para transformar las ciudades, dándoles la oportunidad de colaborar en la transformación de la ciudad. Para lograrlo, se requiere una metodología participativa compleja y preparada para que urbanistas, arquitectos paisajistas trabajen de forma interdisciplinar con otros especialistas. Esta investigación presenta un método de comparación de estudios de caso utilizando una taxonomía semiótica, generada a partir de estudios anteriores. Los resultados son "códigos" con denominadores comunes que se repiten en contextos a veces muy diferentes. Esta investigación ha sido apoyada por el Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad con referencias BIA2016-77464-C2-1-R y BIA2016-77464-C2-2- R. Ambas del Plan Nacional para Investigación científica, desarrollo e innovación tecnológica 2013– 2016, del Gobierno de España.

This article evaluates the various forms of emerging approaches in the professional conduct of the architectural practice and other forms of professional activities related to the design, planning, and space making in general, making explicit or inherent use of the notion of solidarity as an approach, method, and means of communication. A broad review of the evolution of the status of the professional attitude has been made with consideration of the changing social dynamics and social movements, throughout the recent history of modernization. The common characteristics observed with the adoption of the professional solidarity approach, are the dissolving of the duality and distinction between the professional and the community, the shift or enlargement of the target of the professional activity from the individual or people in need to a wider community, most of the time being the oppressed, less privileged, deprived and disadvantaged sections of the society. In line with this description, the concept of Solidarity Architecture can be evaluated to be an understanding in architecture attaching importance to the performance of the professional activities which are determinant in the formation of the built physical environment in a socially minded manner and together with the interacted social groups., Bu makale, mimarlık mesleki uygulaması ile birlikte tasarım, planlama ve genel olarak mekân yapımına ilişkin mesleki faaliyetlerin ifasında dayanışma kavramını bir yaklaşım, yöntem ve iletişim biçimi olarak açık veya örtülü bir şekilde içermek üzere çeşitli şekillerde ortaya çıkan yaklaşımları irdelemektedir. Mesleki tutumların özellikle modernleşmenin tarihsel süreci içindeki gelişimi ve değişimi, değişen toplumsal dinamikler ve toplumsal olaylar dikkate alınarak genel olarak değerlendirilmiş bulunmaktadır. Mesleki anlamda dayanışma yaklaşımını içeren bir tutum alınmasına ilişkin incelenen genel özellikler profesyoneller ve toplum arasındaki ikilik ve ayrışmanın giderek ortadan kalkması, mesleki faaliyetlerin hedeflerinin birey ölçeğinden veya ihtiyaç sahibi olan kesimlerden daha geniş katmanlara, özellikle toplumun çoğunlukla baskı altında bulunan, daha az ayrıcalıklı, yoksun ve dezavantajlı gruplarını içine alır şekilde genişlediği tespit edilmektedir. Bu tanımdan hareketle, Dayanışma Mimarlığı, yapılı fiziksel çevrenin oluşmasında etkin olan mesleki faaliyetlerin toplum odaklı bir şekilde, etkileşimde bulundukları toplumsal gruplarla beraber yürütülmesini önemseyen bir mimarlık yaklaşımı olarak ele alınabilir.

This paper explores the role of women’s struggle within residents’ movements in the production and transformation of space in Porto during the PREC (the Portuguese Revolutionary Process of 1974-1976), analysing the spaces where these movements started, the issues they focused on, and how it related and acted within explicit and implicit views of family and gender relations in institutional approaches to housing development. It also considers how these were mirrored in housing policy options and design paradigms. In this way, by shifting the focus to women’s struggle at the grassroots, looking at those who were both the recipients of houses and actors of an ongoing struggle, this research explores the intersection between class and gender in the processes of housing and urban development. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion