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Background: Research to date suggests that physical activity (PA) can buffer menopausal symptoms and support well-being, but there is limited evidence on the link between PA and menopausal symptoms in the United Kingdom, and no study has assessed how PA affects well-being through menopausal symptoms and three psychosomatic factors (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress). Objectives: This study investigated whether PA affects well-being through menopausal symptoms and psychosomatic factors. This study focuses on how PA influences working women with menopause. Design: A cross-sectional design based on the STROBE (i.e. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist was adopted. Methods: The participants were 324 working women in England. An online self-reported questionnaire was utilised to gather data through Qualtrics. The data were analysed with path analysis through structural equation modelling, and sensitivity analyses were performed to avoid or reduce statistical bias. Results: PA had a negative effect on menopausal symptoms (β = −0.21; p < 0.001) but a positive effect on well-being (β = 0.19; p < 0.001). Menopausal symptoms had a negative indirect effect on well-being, but PA had a positive indirect effect on well-being through menopausal symptoms and the three psychosomatic factors. Conclusion: PA was positively associated with well-being but negatively associated with menopausal symptoms. Menopausal symptoms may lower well-being through anxiety, depression and stress, but PA can be associated with better well-being through depression, anxiety and stress. Plain language summary: The influence of physical activity on well-being through menopausal symptoms, depression, anxiety, and stress Why was the study done? Studies have assessed the potential influence of physical activity on menopausal symptoms among women, but no study in the United Kingdom has examined this relationship. Although the positive effect of physical activity on well-being is well researched and documented, no study has explored how it is mediated by menopausal symptoms and psychosomatic factors (i.e. stress, anxiety, and depression). Evaluation of this potential mediation is needed to improve stakeholders' understanding of the best ways to manage menopause at work. What did the researchers do? The researchers designed an online survey and used Qualtrics to distribute it among 324 working women with menopause in England. They used the appropriate statistical analysis technique to ascertain how the effect of physical activity on well-being is mediated by menopausal symptoms and the psychosomatic factors. What did the researchers find? Women who reported higher physical activity experienced fewer menopausal symptoms. Women with higher physical activity reported better well-being through fewer menopausal symptoms and lower stress, anxiety, and depression. Physical activity may help to improve well-being among working menopausal women by lowering menopausal symptoms, stress, anxiety, and depression. What do the findings mean? Working women can maintain well-being and experience less menopausal symptoms, stress, anxiety, and depression if they participate in physical activities. Organizations can manage menopause by rolling out workplace programmes encouraging employees to regularly participate in physical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'local' as a site of peacebuilding and as a subject position has played a significant role in scholarly debates on peacebuilding and international intervention, and increasingly so in work on the implementation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. Local women are called upon to represent the conflict experience, and localisation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda is becoming part of the rhetoric around implementation. This article examines the impacts of this focus with reference to peacebuilding and women's inclusion initiatives in Iraq in locations previously held by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. The article analyses three programmatic case studies situated in Ninewa, a governorate in northern Iraq. The analysis offers a four-part typology of local women participants – local women as peacebuilders, a-political (and a-sectarian), non-elite and intermediary – and uses these types to explore how the participation and presence of local women is constructed within peacebuilding programming. By introducing these types, this article makes visible the practical and conceptual impact of the focus on the 'local' on the Women, Peace and Security agenda, its implementation in post-conflict contexts, and on how local women and their contributions are perceived in Women, Peace and Security-focused peacebuilding interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn in a range of industrial environments by women and men alike. However, the majority of PPE is designed around male anthropometrics and the impacts of this on women are largely undocumented. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop themes from in-depth interviews with 30 women working in diverse roles in industrial environments, around their experiences of wearing PPE. Four themes developed: ‘There's nothing here for me’; ‘Collateral damage’; ‘Organisational culture and the burden of responsibility’; and ‘Personally protective women’. The findings significantly expand upon previous literature concerning: the reduced range of PPE available for women when compared with men; considerable fit and comfort issues; and physical, day-to-day and health-related consequences. This work evidences the increased PPE-related burden on women, and demonstrates fundamental links between women wearing ill-fitting or inappropriate PPE and their reduced sense of belonging, confidence and morale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High temperatures and air pollution exposure are individually known risks to human health, with amplifying adverse health effects during periods of co-exposure. This study compared co-occurring individual-level exposures to particulate matter (PM5, aerodynamic diameter of ≤5 μm) and heat among women in residential and agricultural settings in Guatemala. We measured personal and ambient exposure to PM5, temperature, and humidity among 21 female sugarcane workers in the fields and on their off days. We measured similar exposures among a group of 30 community members not involved in sugarcane work. We collected 171 personal PM5 measurements across 18 sampling days. The median workday personal PM5 concentration was 271 µg/m3, which was 3.6-fold higher than ambient area levels in the fields. The median personal PM5 concentration was 95.8 µg/m3 for off-work days and 83.5 µg/m3 for community days. The average workday individual-level temperature and humidity were 39.4 °C and 82.4%, respectively, with significantly lower temperatures on off-work and community days. The women workers and community members were exposed to high levels of PM5 and heat in both occupational and residential settings. Research needs to consider individual-level exposures at both work and home to help tailor more effective comprehensive prevention efforts to reduce risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the impacts of different types of family benefits expenditures on the positive relationship between female employment and fertility rates in developed welfare states. It does this by theorizing how these family benefits align with welfare state regimes' preferences for different normative gender-role ideologies. Rather than treating family benefits as a monolith, this article investigates the impact of disaggregated expenditures in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) family policy database (1. services and in-kind benefits, 2. child-related cash benefits and 3. tax-based financial support for children) on both female employment and fertility rates. This is done using pooled time-series analysis covering the period 2000–9. The analysis yields evidence that expenditure most reflecting a 'full egalitarian' gender ideology including service and in-kind benefit provision has the most positive association with female employment and fertility due to an emphasis on defamiliarization. The picture for child-related cash benefits is mixed due to the presence of cash transfer provisions not employment-contingent captured in the indicator. In contrast, tax-based financial support for children harms female employment, reflecting a maternalistic 'traditional' ideological orientation, but is positive for fertility rates indicating a moderate pro-natal effect of tax-based financial support for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of the marriage bar at the Irish national broadcaster Radio/Telefís Éireann from 1962, when the station went to air, until 1972, when the station lifted the bar. The marriage bar was a regulation that required women to give up their jobs upon marriage. It applied, on a statutory basis, to all female civil servants, and as a cultural practice for most lines of white collar employment in Ireland. This article takes the Irish national broadcaster as a case study to examine the implication of the bar in the media sector in Ireland. It looks at multiple classes of women at the national broadcaster and examines the varied implementation of the bar and its impact on female workers. To that end, it looks first at women at the higher levels of the station who worked as department heads and producers. It then moves on to discuss the marriage bar’s impact on women who worked on screen at Radio/Telefís Éireann. Finally, it looks at women in the lower ranks of programme making roles who worked as Production Assistants and Research Assistants. It argues that the Irish national broadcaster utilised the marriage bar similarly to other public sector bodies in that it was used to reinforce a male breadwinner ideal within the organisation. This article will discuss multiple classes of women workers at the station drawing out some of the differences and similarities in the bar’s implementation across classes. It will first discuss the ways in which the marriage bar was applied to producers and directors, the highest-ranked female workers at the station. It will then move on to the treatment of married women who worked on screen before addressing women who worked as production assistants and research assistants. Significantly, those who worked as PAs and RAs represented some of the lowest ranking women at the national broadcaster. Finally, the article will discuss the end of the marriage bar at the station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergy (1841-7191) is the property of Editura ASE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The study aimed to examine anemia prevalence and risk factors in employed women at a medical center compared to unemployed women from a charity center, with anemia defined as hemoglobin <120 g/L and iron deficiency as serum ferritin <30 ng/mL or serum iron <10 mcg/dL. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 651 employed, non-pregnant randomly selected women aged 20-67 years. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic, nutritional, and obstetrical characteristics. Blood indicators such as hemoglobin, serum ferritin, iron, and TIBC were measured. Results: Out of 651 participants, 395 (60.7%) had anemia/IDA (Hb <120 g/L, ferritin <30 ng/mL, or iron <10mcg/dL), comprising 308 (47.3%) having IDA and 215 (33%) having anemia. Younger age (<40 years) and menorrhagia were individually associated with 1.84- and 2.79- times increased risk of developing anemia in the studied population, respectively. A higher number of shifts and lack of vegetable consumption were found to be significantly prevalent in the anemic group. The prevalence of anemia/IDA among hospital staff and referred women was 60.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Conclusions: The study emphasized the influence of employment on the prevalence of anemia/IDA among hospital staff compared to unemployed women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the current women's retirement age reform in Israel that raised their retirement age from 62 to 65, suggesting that high-income salaried women are more likely to benefit from the reform. It found that raising women's Retirement Age (RA) alone does not improve their Replacement Rate (REP) and recommends implementing a two-stage policy reform. In the first stage, gender wage gaps should be mitigated during working-time period; in the second stage, women's RA should be raised to the average of 63.81 years of the OECD countries. These suggestions should be adopted by policymakers in countries with low REP, such as Britain and Japan, accompanied by ensuring equal employment opportunities for relatively older women approaching RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genesis 3:16 is arguably the most troubling biblical verse for issues of gender relations and women's roles. It figures prominently in later Jewish and especially Christian sources, and discussions in those texts have influenced subsequent understandings of the verse and of the Eden narrative in which it is embedded. This article engages in a careful reading of the biblical text in order to elucidate its meaning apart from later traditions. Recognizing the poetic character of the four lines of this verse is an important part of the analytical process, as is situating it within the Eden tale. Also, because no text arises in a vacuum, considering the Iron Age context—the world of the Israelite populace, that is, the world behind the text, a world vastly different from our own—provides the requisite socio-historical sensitivity. An awareness of that ancient context means openness to a suggestion about what Gen 3:16 may have meant to its ancient audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women in corporate sectors across South Africa are not adequately represented. Despite the influx of women in the workforce, they are still experiencing challenges in leadership positions compared to their male counterparts. Thus, the gender gap has caused most women to put extra effort into building their careers through personal efforts - mentorship, networking, and further training. This article analyzed quantitative data and discussed how access to higher education influences career choice and the advancement of women in the telecommunication industry in South Africa. One hundred and thirty-three (133) junior and middle women workers from a telecommunication company were chosen randomly to understand how they plan to build their careers and the challenges they have encountered. The finding indicates that the driving force among the respondents was the opportunities they had created for themselves to progress in their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives about women and girls are often used to illustrate abuses in global trade. The article begins by amending the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to include the agency of (women) characters and to take into account North–South asymmetries. The framework then serves to study NGO gender narratives in ethical trade campaigns, based on advocacy documents and semi-structured interviews on the recent campaigns for the European Union's new Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). The results show that the successful campaigns have focused one-sidedly on women workers in the global South, portraying them as mere victims of corporate greed. NGOs diverted attention away from women’s responsibility as consumers and citizens for grievances in transnational supply chains. The solution presented by activists was consequently to demand gender-sensitive policy interventions from outside. Campaigns missed opportunities for narratives of women as agents of change and potential for mutual solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A rapid increase has been observed in aesthetic surgery procedures in recent years and it has been determined that females have more aesthetic procedures. While different groups of female groups were taken as a sample in the studies, no study on female nurses was found. In this study, it is thought that psychological reasons such as stress, anxiety, desire to be liked and lack of self-confidence that lead women to plastic surgery will reduce the professional performance of nurses and this situation will create additional workload for other colleagues. Therefore, the aim of the study is to reveal the effect of desire to be liked and social appearance anxiety on the acceptance of female nurses to plastic surgery. Methods: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of 243.565 nurses working in public, private and university hospitals in Turkey. A questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool in the study. In the first part of the form, there are statements aiming to reveal the socio-demographic characteristics, social media usage levels and aesthetic surgery experiences of nurses, and in the second part, there is a desire to be liked scale, social appearance anxiety scale and aesthetic surgery acceptance scale. The 1004 questionnaire forms collected as a result of the study were subjected to percentage, frequency, correlation and regression analysis. Results: 41.2% of the nurses have had aesthetic procedures before and 68.4% of them want to have aesthetic procedures when there is an area they do not like in their body. A strong positive relationship was found between the desire to be liked, social appearance anxiety, and aesthetic surgery acceptance (r > 0.500, p < 0.01). Aesthetic surgery acceptance is affected by the desire to be liked and by social appearance anxiety. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that social appearance anxiety and the desire to be liked led female nurses to plastic surgery. According to the results of similar studies conducted in different groups, it may be recommended that awareness training be organized both in schools and through digital media about the consequences of unnecessary plastic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite Bangladesh's continued attempts, gender disparity in the workplace has long been a concern, and progress has been slow. Studies conducted earlier indicate that working women in Bangladesh experience an unwelcoming work environment, leading to unequal pay and limited opportunities for their career growth. Academic literature focuses little on the connection between gender and the physical work environment. This chapter focuses on the connection between the masculinist culture of organizations, how work is carried out, and workplaces are set up, illuminating the crucial role played by the built environment in maintaining gender equality. Infrastructure, spatial design, safety measures, amenities, and the biased culture often influence the obstacles to women's long-term success in the workplace. This chapter investigates and comprehends the constraints female employees encounter in Bangladesh during their work by scrutinizing the influence of the physical space and the biased socio-psychological environment. As women's long-term professional progress depends on how these elements are interrelated, improving the environment is the first step toward a fairer and more empowered work environment. A qualitative approach has been used in this study. Seventy-eight Bangladeshi graduate, working women have participated in this research. The results show that, regardless of efforts, the environment in Bangladeshi workplaces is inhos-pitable, directly affecting women's careers. Building a welcoming workspace accommodating all genders is crucial for creating gender parity and promot-ing long-term professional growth. Therefore, this research suggests that the government should capitalize on successful efforts and investigate alternative techniques to improve this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of work outcomes (work stress, work-life balance, workplace bullying, and support) on the well-being of working women has been argued for decades. As the rate of employed women rises, the negative impacts of work outcomes on well-being require urgent investigation to retain employees. Thus, this review identifies the associations between work outcomes and psychological well-being among working women. Utilising seven databases (EBSCOhost Research Database, Scopus, Sage Publications, PubMed, Taylor and Francis Online, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online), a total of 13 quantitative studies and ten qualitative studies were included in the review. This review reported moderate links between work stress and well-being (r = -0.20 to -0.44), weak to strong links between work-life balance and well-being (r = 0.12 to 0.70), moderate links between workplace bullying and well-being (r = -0.21 to -0.24), and weak to moderate links between support and well-being (r = 0.20 to 0.38). The most thoroughly researched constructs were work-life balance, workplace bullying, and well-being. Leaders' characteristics, leadership style, employer maltreatment, and workplace bullying have harmed workers' well-being. Furthermore, job stress, workload, staff shortage, loss of privacy, and prejudice detrimentally impacted well-being. Notably, qualitative studies on work stress and support experience are lacking. Overall, studies on work outcomes and well-being among working females are limited. This review identifies the current gaps in work outcomes and well-being. It provides recommendations for future research directions and informs organisations on the importance of work outcomes on the well-being of these working women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women's physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From a gender historical perspective, labour precarity constitutes a long-term phenomenon. Women's work represents a privileged observatory to understand how instability and precarity also characterised the cycle of economic and industrial expansion of the 1950s and 1960s. The article compares the conditions of female factory workers with those of home-based workers, a traditionally invisible category of workers, who between the 1960s and 1970s promoted demonstrations and protests with the support of trade unions, women's associations and local institutions. Changes in the subjectivity of women workers and homeworkers, whose demands often came together and gave rise to joint protests, not only became part of broader discussions on the relationship between industrial crisis and precariousness, but also generated discourses on specific forms of work that are now central to debates on flexible/precarious work such as part-time work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been and continues to be a substantial amount of work done to encourage, support, and retain women in mathematics. However, very little has been written about the faculty leading these gender-based initiatives, most of whom are women. This dynamic—women advocating on behalf of other women—is connected to identity-based activist movements. In the following, I describe how I have started to see gender-based work in STEM as a form of institutional activism. I then describe how this change of conceptualization led me to rethink the landscape of gender-based work in STEM. I reflect on literature from institutional activism and describe how that literature has changed my own engagement in gender-based service. My goal in this article is to provide math practitioners with some ideas for reflecting on their own actions in contesting historical forms of sexism. As we begin to understand the rules, norms, and cultures that constrain us, we will be better equipped to strategically contest them and create the sorts of institutional change that we want to see. I conclude the article with a series of questions to challenge all of us to think strategically about the future of our work supporting women in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to explore organizational factors that impact women's career advancement. Knowledge of organizational practices that promote or obstruct women's career progress is vital for women, firms and governments. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 237 women participated in the study from the service sector in Johannesburg (South Africa). Participants were selected using a convenient sampling approach. Researchers used a questionnaire, consisting of demographic and open-ended questions, to gather data. Comments were analyzed using a thematic content analysis approach. Findings: Findings reveal that prioritizing women, offering skills development opportunities, providing growth opportunities, assisting women in managing their careers, offering mentorship and having work-family support initiatives are practices that promote women's career advancement. Conversely, practices that foster stagnation of women's careers, distrust in women's leadership abilities, preference for external candidates, people–related malpractices, male domination/preference, lack of role models and work-family balance support, hamper women's career advancement. Practical implications: The findings of this study will contribute to women's empowerment. Organizations should provide a conducive atmosphere by instituting practices that promote their female employees' career advancement. Firms also should intentionally take practical steps to address practices that impede women's career progression. The results of this study will also help the government to design appropriate policies that will promote the career progression of women employees. Originality/value: This study presents findings from an analysis of qualitative data collected from 237 women to provide insight into the experiences of women working within the service industry in Johannesburg, South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted in order to investigate cyber feminism in Iran and with the objectives of identifying the demands represented in feminist social networks. In the qualitative phase of this study, library sources were used to identify the demands represented, as well as to check the content of feminist social networks, therefore, a total of 44 pages were identified with the following related indicators: "1- Semiotic signs of feminist approaches in text editing and the content used, 2_ the presence of feminist keywords and related ideas in the text and content used, 3_ active feminist pages expressing demands. 4- The posts are related to the demands of women. 5- Focusing on Iranian women, 6- Introducing yourself as a feminist in the profile (bio) section of these networks", 16 popular pages with more than K50 followers were selected and subjected to data analysis. The findings of the qualitative phase were conducted using thematic analysis method, It is worth mentioning that in the current research, the classification has been done up to the level of main themes, And finally, the main themes have been obtained from the classification of minor themes, And we have reached 5 main themes. Classification at all levels has been done by manual coding, which finally resulted in a main core under the title of "removing restrictions imposed against women" and five main themes including: "1. Resolving gender injustice and inequality, 2. Resolving relative deprivation from relationships and lived experience, 3. Resolving the crisis of female agency, 4. Resolving stereotypes built around the discourse of discrimination, 5. According to these data, we can conclude: Cyber feminists take actions in the field of cyberspace, taking into account the premise of "applying restrictions against women", which results in the representation of demands in cyberspace. Introduction One of the important issues this research examines is to what extent the virtual havens of Iranian cyber feminisms, given the limitations they have in forming real-world havens, have been able to connect the separate and individual cells of the existing feminist system to the main sources and through that have a maximum impact on the women's community. From this aspect, the most important objectives pursued in this study are as follows: examining the characteristics of the demands represented in social networks, investigating the desires and axes of activism in feminist social networks, and reviewing the major schools of feminist thought present in feminist social networks. Materials and Methods The method of data collection in this study is conducted through qualitative thematic analysis, which examines and analyzes posts and texts in several feminist Instagram networks that have led to the representation of demands in the field of women's issues. The population includes all active feminist pages that meet the criteria for entry into the study. The sampling method was theoretical or purposive, where the researcher actively participated in the social network Instagram and engaged in participatory observation to search for samples. In summary, for sampling, after an extensive search among active networks that met the entry conditions to the study, a smaller number that had significantly represented demands and guided the research author in answering the qualitative phase questions were selected. This included 16 pages with over 50K followers and a collection of 320 relevant and necessary posts to answer the questions. Discussion and Results From the point of view of these feminist pages, throughout history, all kinds of norms have become customs and habits which, by determining gender roles, have restricted and encouraged women to the private sphere and engaged in domestic work and caring duties, and have pushed men towards social activities and Being bossy and high-handed which has led. Therefore, from the point of view of these feminist pages, it is very important to get rid of these stereotypes and prevent future generations from falling into them, and give women a chance to get rid of these gender roles. From the point of view of many pages, supporting and serving women by applying official laws and customary norms is only a fallacy that has been done in line with the systematic exclusion of women from all public spheres and social affairs. And this is while in order to achieve equality, we need to remove the repressive laws that have created the ground for limiting women's competition with men and removing women from the labor market and social affairs in favor of men during the determination of gender roles. It is organized in a way that always reproduces the domination of men over women. Therefore, according to these pages, the basis of the gender order is the inferiority of women, and all institutions and social relations are organized on this basis, therefore, according to the claim, the important issue is the empowerment of women in the structure. More precisely, what is said about the inferiority of women in relationships and isolation based on the content of feminist networks means that at the top of the gender hierarchy, in any way, is hegemonic masculinity, which is characterized by dominance, authority, and physical strength, and in contrast to it. All kinds of femininity are in subordinate positions of hegemonic masculinity; either when the woman is in the position of central femininity, complementing the hegemonic masculinity, or when they form subordinate femininities at the end of the power pyramid. In any case, women are marginalized and their experiences and narratives are forgotten, because culture and power are reproducing the gender order, and women with different opinions and thoughts are faced with laws, customs, and barriers that make them "oppressed" in this field. " Conclusions So from the point of view of these social pages, what has been evident so far in performance and relationships, Male dominance and following a male-centered procedure and the dominance of patriarchal relations have been, which has led to ignoring the basic rights of women and after that has caused women to be excluded and marginalized. So in terms of these pages in feminist social networks, If the society is to be freed from the male-centered practice and patriarchal relations in all elements of the family and social system, it is necessary to achieve a justice-oriented rethinking in her perspective and performance and seek compensation with an egalitarian and egalitarian attitude. These networks believe that not only women's rights should be recognized in private and family spheres, Rather, in the public sphere, the presence of women in society should be improved both quantitatively and qualitatively, and instead of being a decorative and showy presence Efforts should be made towards a creative, active, independent presence and to expand the goal of gender equality in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feminism has assumed an indispensable part in the transformation of current cultures. Feminist international development has changed customary man centric attitudes and helped the women to convey for their social and political space in a male-overwhelmed biosphere. This research explores a widespread worth of feminist beliefs and their appearance inside a semi-religious Islamic republic, Pakistan. This research was subjective in nature in which hypothetical testing procedure were followed, where 10 ladies were recruited as research participants from Sialkot and experts from Lahore through purposive sampling technique. A Connell's theory of masculinity was utilized for methodological and analytical understandings. The findings of the study portrayed ongoing trend amongst women to surrender their rights to be the part of society in favor of patriarchal culture in Pakistan society. Amongst the socio-cultural determinants, patriarchal set-up, lack of awareness about women rights, less policy implementations are high up the orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through qualitative research conducted with migrant women, this study is relevant for analyzing their perceptions and experiences of gender-based discrimination against them, when looking for a job, for marriage and family reunification, or for studying. It is about a series of difficulties encountered by migrant women in the process of integration in Romania. The study is structured as follows: I) The first part offers an analysis of empirical data extracted from specialized literature and relevant studies to highlight the main defining aspects regarding gender-based discrimination criteria in relation to migrant women's access to the labor market; II) The second part of the study consists in explaining the research methodology; III) The third part provides an analysis of the findings from oral history six interviews conducted on Zoom with migrant women, between June 2021 and January 2022; IV) The last part offers a set of relevant conclusions on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social support for women in sex work is essential for their overall health and well-being. In the city of Cúcuta, Colombia, both domestic Colombian and migrant Venezuelan women utilize the sex industry to obtain an income. However, with limited resources in this area and little prior research about the current supports, this study explores the social support accessed and received, the social support desired, and identifies the formal social support available to women in sex work in Cúcuta, Colombia. To conduct this research, 28 interviews were conducted: 10 with Colombian women in sex work, 12 with Venezuelan women in sex work, and 6 with professionals representing various social service organizations. Findings indicated that most of the women relied on informal support, yet many women also expressed a desire for formal social support services, specifically related to health care, food, and housing assistance. Nonetheless, gaps persist in the availability of desired formal services This research demonstrates the importance of service providers working with women in sex work directly to understand their lived experiences, while also demonstrating self-determination and empowerment. Further research is needed to measure the implementation efficacy of formal services and the barriers to access for women in sex work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although a significant lack of physical activity has been linked to an increase in obesity among Emirati women, the factors associated with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times in Emirati women remain unclear. Objectives: To explore the association of accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors among Emirati working women. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 163 healthy working Emirati women aged 18–45 years was used. Sedentary and physical activity times were measured using the Fibion accelerometers worn on the thighs for 4–7 days. General demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and self-reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index score) were collected. Only participants who had valid data (i.e. wear time of ⩾600 min (10 h) per day for a minimum of 4–7 days) were evaluated. All values were normalized to a 16-h day to mitigate differences in wear time among the participants. Results: Overall, 110 Emirati women were included. The mean sitting time per 16-h day was 11.6 ± 1.1 h; mean moderate activity time per day, 40.88 ± 17.99 min; and mean vigorous activity time per day, 2.41 ± 1.21 min. Longer sitting time was associated with high body fat, secondary education, and divorce. Sitting time was reduced in those with good sleep quality. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time was increased in women with postgraduate education and was decreased in women with a longer work experience and with comorbidities. The total activity time increased with increasing age and good sleep quality, whereas it decreased with increasing body fat, presence of at least one comorbidity, secondary education, and divorce. Conclusion: Certain demographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors were associated with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times among Emirati working women. Future longitudinal studies should consider these factors when investigating predictors of physical activity levels in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Work-life conflict (WLC) is important in organizational behavior research and human resource management. The present research aimed to investigate the underlying causes, consequences, and solutions to WLC in Iranian working women. Materials and methods: The present qualitative study was conducted through a content analysis method among 19 working married women in Birjand, a city in the east of Iran, from December 2021 to February 2022. To collect the data, semi-structured interviews were held. The average interview time was 45 minutes, and all interviews were recorded upon the participants' consent. Finally, after coding, the information was analyzed with MAXQDA software. Findings: The causes of conflict included 4 main categories of individual, interpersonal, organizational, and cultural factors, with seven subcategories: the pressure of the mother's role at home, personality traits, lack of individual skills, insufficient support, work characteristics, organizational policies, and the traditional role of women in society. The consequences of conflict included 2 main categories, Decreasing quality of life and work problems with 4 subcategories: physical and mental illnesses, forgetting one's role towards others, limiting social communication, and reducing productivity. Conflict resolution methods included 3 main classes of individual-oriented, other-oriented, and organization-oriented with 8 subclasses: program-oriented, meaning-oriented, emotion-oriented, avoidance, emotional support, instrumental and work support, support work policies, and correct management views. Conclusion: To solve the problem of conflict, different aspects should be considered and help to solve this challenge by influencing each dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although women play a significant role in non-profit organizations as employees, volunteers, and clients, there is insufficient knowledge about these women and their unique work experiences in the current era, which is characterized by outsourcing of social services. This study explored work experiences among women in professional care settings of social service non-profit organizations (SSNPOs). Forty in-depth interviews were conducted with women with postsecondary education working as care professionals (such as social workers and occupational therapists) in Israeli SSNPOs. The sample reflected Israel's geographical, religious, ethnic, and job (full-time and part-time) diversity. Interviewees were asked about their employment experiences, struggles, and challenges. Thematic analysis was used. The findings shed light on how care work in SSNPOs enters the private sphere and is internalized, i.e. boundaries between home and work that are continuously blurred and endanger employees' well-being. Our study suggests that women working in care professions in contracted SSNPOs are more vulnerable due to their working conditions, despite their postsecondary education and defined professions. Negative psychosocial outcomes are the major challenge for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year the number of Moroccan women who travel temporarily to Spain to work in the berry farm grows. In the year 2022 there were 19,000 women. However, this activity is accompanied by labor irregularities, complaints of sexual abuse and other problems that have drawn the attention of international organizations. The aim of this article is to expose the existing breach of labor rights based on the construction of a recruitment profile and the emerging response and attitude of resistance on the part of migrant women in the province. The methodology starts from a feminist point of view and an ethnographic study is carried out, from February to April 2022, where the main axis will be the stories of Moroccan women. Among the conclusions we discover how the search for a recruitment profile based on discriminatory elements that guarantee the return of women workers leads to serious consequences such as the systematic breach of their labor rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, scandal has been associated with a negative situation for women in the Ancien Régime. They were considered scandalous if they did not conform perfectly to the limits and models established for them. Even worse, they lost their honour -- both their own and their families'. However, there were exceptional situations, such as in cases of marital violence, in which scandal worked for the benefit of women. Mistreatment was accepted and even consented to by ecclesiastical and civil authorities, but always within certain limits. The main one was disproportion in what were understood as corrective actions by husbands towards their wives, especially when they involved publicity or resulted in a scandal that disrupted the coexistence and tranquillity of the neighbourhood. To analyse this, we have consulted documentation from the Real Chancillería of Valladolid, which has granted us with further insights into the ex officio intervention of justice officials, both in the first instance and on appeal. Thanks to this, we have been able to reconstruct how the justice system worked, how the women's honour was affected in eyes of their neighbours, and if the latter provided any support. More specifically, we have paid particular attention to whether the scandal led the husband to leave the house, thus bringing back pace to the house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently, more and more experiments with a reduction in working time are taking place. Most experiments and introductions of shorter workweeks do not leave the choice of the type/form of reduction up to employees, but to employers. An experiment with a 30-hour workweek in a women's organisation in Belgium was rather unique in the sense that employees were free to choose how to reduce their working hours on a weekly basis. Based on longitudinal survey and time-diary data as well as in-depth interviews and focus groups, this article investigates what form of working time reduction was preferred by the female employees and what factors influenced these preferences. The life course perspective is taken as a lens through which we analyse women's preferences and choices. Results show that there was a clear preference for having one day off per week instead of shorter daily hours. This choice was mostly related to meso-factors concerning work and private circumstances and is not fixed but rather dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Sciences Journal / Revue des Sciences Humaines is the property of Universite des Freres Mentouri Constantine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Based on the role congruity theory (RCT), this study aims to determine the effects of gender roles on life satisfaction and occupational commitment levels of female employees working in law enforcement. Design/methodology/approach: Hypotheses were tested through a series of hierarchical regression analyses on the data collected from 394 female respondents who are having their first year in law enforcement. Findings: Both male and female gender roles were positively related to the life satisfaction levels of women working in law enforcement. Female gender role was also positively linked to higher levels of occupational commitment. The link between male gender role and occupational commitment was nonlinear; therefore, the positive relationship between the variables turns into a negative one for higher levels of male gender role. Originality/value: This study furthers the understanding of RCT and its implications regarding how gender roles link to work-related outcomes, especially for women working in a male-dominated work context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I argue that non-disclosure agreements represent the latest in a continuum of tools used to silence women who seek justice in response to the misconduct of those in authority. I draw a connection between the use of these apparently objective, non-corporeal organizational processes and the historic use of the scold's bridle, a corporeal instrument of control applied to physically silence. Specifically, I argue that both are on a continuum of violence from the antiquated, overt and embodied, to the present day, covert and epistemic with embodied effects. This article offers a critical phenomenological analysis of the effects on women who submitted evidence of their experiences to the UK Parliament Women and Equalities Committee Inquiry into the use of non-disclosure agreements in Discrimination Cases. By critically analysing these accounts I offer a contribution toward a continued understanding of the ways in which oppressive organizational practices according to gender continue to function and reproduce through practices of embodied epistemic injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and associated factors in female shift workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 450 female workers, aged 18 years or older (± 36.1 years), from an industry located in Southern Brazil. CMD was assessed using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8 points), and sociodemographic, occupational, behavioral, morbidity, and self-rated health characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire survey. The prevalence of CMD was 47.3% (95% CI: 42.6–52.1). After adjusting, female workers with black/brown race/skin color had a 22% higher probability of CMD than white workers (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.49), and workers with sleep disorders or poor sleep quality were 147% more likely to have CMD compared with those with good sleep quality (PR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.70–3.58), and workers with fair/poor self-rated health were twice as likely to have CMD (PR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.43–2.80) compared to those with excellent/very good self-rated health. A high prevalence of CMD was observed in female shift workers, especially in workers with a black/brown race/skin color and with poor sleep quality and self-rated health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the problems arising due to the gender discrimination experienced by women working in the kitchen department of food and beverage businesses in Kütahya, Türkiye, and to examine the effects of these problems on the work motivation of working women., In this study semi-structured interview technique which is common in social sciences was used in line with the purpose of the research. Thus, various questions were asked to working women and findings related to problems based on gender discrimination were obtained. According to the findings of the study the most common problem based on gender discrimination experienced by female kitchen workers is stereotypical prejudices stemming from physical characteristics. Although there are studies on gender discrimination in hotel businesses in the literature, no research has been found on this subject in food and beverage businesses. Because of the fact that the study was conducted with face-to-face communication with female kitchen workers and the problems related to gender discrimination in food and beverage businesses were analyzed with primary data, it's thought that the study will contribute to filling the gap in the literature on making the right decisions for the future of the sector, and suggestions for the sector are presented in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may lead to significant work limitations, especially in female manual workers. There is scarce evidence on the perspective of female manual workers with CTS. To explore the perspective of female workers who suffer from CTS regarding triggers, coping strategies, and economic impact. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted involving 18 manual workers with CTS diagnosed by the neurology service of a public hospital. Purposive sampling was applied, and data were collected using in-depth interviews and researchers' notes. An inductive thematic analysis was applied to identify themes reflecting the participants' experience. Guba and Lincoln criteria were applied to establish the trustworthiness of the data. The mean age of participants was 40.06 years (SD 9.86). Four themes were identified: (a) coping with work limitations; (b) work activities that aggravate symptoms; (c) relationships at work; and (d) the economic burden of CTS. The effect of work on CTS, daily constraints, work situations that trigger the symptoms, and the strategies used by participants to adapt to their work are described. In addition, they recounted how relationships with managers and coworkers are modified and how CTS affects family finances. The findings describe aggravating factors among working women, coping strategies used, and the social and occupational impact of CTS. • Carpal tunnel syndrome is found in hotel and catering workers, cleaners, shop assistants, and hairdressers. • At work, forced wrist flexion, precise finger movements, gripping, handling tools, and lifting cause pain and limitation in female workers. • Qualitative methodology helps to better understand the work life experience of female manual workers suffering from this peripheral neuropathy. • Women suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome develop strategies to adapt their work. • There is an economic impact on female manual workers with carpal tunnel syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent reviews link higher levels of occupational physical activity (OPA) to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence for women is inconsistent and studies of activity‐limiting symptomatic CVD are prone to healthy worker survivor effect. To address these limitations, this study investigated OPA effects on asymptomatic carotid artery intima–media thickness (IMT) among women. Methods: Participants include 905 women from the population‐based Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study with baseline (1998–2001) data on self‐reported OPA and sonographic measurement of IMT. Linear mixed models with adjustment for 15 potential confounders estimated and compared mean baseline IMT and 8‐year IMT progression for five levels of self‐reported OPA. Analyses stratified by cardiovascular health and retirement status were planned because strong interactions between preexisting CVD and OPA intensity have previously been reported. Results: Light standing work, moderately heavy active work, and heavy or very heavy physical work were all consistently associated with greater baseline IMT and 8‐year IMT progression than light sitting work. The greatest baseline IMT was observed for heavy or very heavy physical work (1.21 mm), and the greatest 8‐year IMT progression for light standing work and moderately heavy active work (both 0.13 mm), 30% above sitting work (0.10 mm). Stratified analyses showed that these differences were driven by much stronger OPA effects among women with baseline carotid artery stenosis. Retired women experienced slower IMT progression than those working at baseline. Conclusions: Higher levels of OPA predict higher baseline IMT and 8‐year IMT progression, especially among women with baseline stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though women are capable of carrying out all the works that men can do but there are some certain high physiological cost demanding physical works in the agricultural field that need to be carried out by men only. It is strange to know that women are facing difficulties in carrying out farm mechanization works. The survey conducted using the structured interview schedule gave an insight into the constraints faced by women agricultural workers. Workers were asked to rank the predetermined constraint which was evaluated using the Garrett's ranking method. It was evident from the results obtained that lack of awareness about the machines and its controls together with lack of training and extension services prevented the women workers from benefiting from mechanization. Also, financial dependence, gender gap, difficulty in operating machines and exclusion from power and decision making were ranked 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th by the workers, respectively. The women workers were also worried about the technical knowhow of the machines as most machines required frequent troubleshooting and maintenance. The comparison made on the anthropometric data showed that out of the twenty six anthropometric parameters involved just ten parameters viz. buttock popliteal height, elbow rest height, wall to acromion, shoulder grip length, thigh clearance sitting, hip breadth sitting, grip diameter, grip span and span akimbo have higher values for female workers than that of the male workers. The exerting force required to operate machinery controls were significantly different. Hence there was urgent need to develop women friendly designs that will suit women anthropometric measurements which will be incorporated into the machines so as to make Indian women workers or operators comfortable with the use of agricultural machines and tractors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction, objectives: Although cardiovascular events have been traditionally associated mainly with men, some data reflect an increase in women, which may even exceed their male counterparts, constituting the leading cause of death in working women in Spain. The objective of this present study was to analyze the level of cardiovascular risk in Spanish working women by assessing the influence of age, type of work, and tobacco consumption. Material, methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 172,282 working women from different Spanish geographical areas and from different companies between January 2018 and June 2020. A range of variables and risk factors were assessed and various cardiovascular risk scales were used to analyze the data. Results: An increase in cardiovascular risk was observed in the least qualified work groups, mainly corresponding to blue-collar workers, when using the SCORE or REGICOR risk equation. The prevalence of altered values for all the parameters analyzed (overweight and obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, fatty liver, hepatic fibrosis, atherogenic indexes, and cardiovascular risk scales) was higher among blue-collar women. Age was the only factor that influenced all the cardiovascular risk scales studied, increasing risk when comparing the group of women aged 50 years and older with the others. Conclusions: Aging and belonging to the blue-collar job category meant worse results in the cardiovascular risk scales and in all the parameters analyzed. This is in line with numerous studies that argue that age and zip code are more influential than genetic code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: we aim to discuss the (im)productivity of reproductive work, potentialities and limits of capital expansion on this work to change the oppression that manifests itself in the conditions of exhaustion of women in contemporary times. Theoretical approach: starting from a Marxian perspective, we believe that debates about the productivity of reproductive work should overcome analyzes based on the immediacy of this work and apprehend the determinants that involve the absorption of work by capital as productive, reproductive or unproductive work. Methods: we collected secondary statistical data provided by IBGE, Sebrae and the British Cleaning Council, the analysis was based on historical materialism. Results: we demonstrate that capital has productively appropriated reproductive work, however, such appropriation has not meant changing the conditions of sexual division of labor and women's exhaustion. Conclusion: we conclude that instead of the transmutation of reproductive to productive work being an advance towards the emancipation of women, it has been a source of greater exploitation of their workforce and of exhaustion, since such appropriation does not overcome the exploitation that engenders the universality of oppression under capitalism, according to the needs of valuing value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate relationship between locus of control and psychological distress among working women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A mixed method study was conducted among 81 working women in Bangalore identified through convenient and purposive sampling. In Phase 1, Levenson's Locus of control Scale and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were administered to measure the locus of control orientation and the level of psychological distress. In Phase 2, interviews were conducted based on open ended questions developed by the researchers to understand the perception of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal and professional life. Results: Pearson's product moment correlation was used for Phase 1 and thematic and content analysis for Phase 2. The findings from Phase 1 revealed a moderate negative correlation between internal locus of control and psychological distress, and a weak negative correlation between external locus of control and psychological distress. The thematic analysis showed the variations in the perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 on the personal and professional lives and the adaptable nature of women. Conclusion: The present study helps to understand whether a relationship exists between locus of control orientation and psychological distress during the time of COVID-19 and reflects on the how the COVID-19 has affected the personal and professional lives of working women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the objective of this study was to analyze the participation of women in the labor market and the effect on economic growth in Mexico, 2000-2021. Design/Methodology/Approach: three multiple linear regression models were developed using the Ordinary Least Squares method. Results: the most statistically significant variables were the exchange rate, wage and the employed female population. The most significant elasticities were found at an increase of 10.0% of the employed female population, the GDP would increase by 7.83%. For the model where only the employed female population was analized, at an increase of 10% in it, the GDP would increase by 10.01%. Study limitations/Implications: the main limitation was that the information is not available from a single source and the figures vary depending on the official institution. Findings/Conclusions: based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the participation of women in the labor market does increase economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores new pathways to women's empowerment, including household structure, family support, satisfaction and self-esteem, and trust in institutions and politicians, and their impact on labor market participation, with a specific focus on gender differences. Using a microeconomic database of 7,860 individuals from North Africa and employing a Probit model, we find that gender significantly influences labor market participation. Surprisingly, our results reveal that education operates in an unexpected direction in the North African region, confirming the "MENA paradox". Moreover, household structure's impact on labor decisions varies by gender, as gender norms prevalent in male-dominated societies hinder women's labor market participation, leading to a "marriage penalty." In a similar vein, our estimations reveal a significant positive correlation between men's belief that "men should have greater job rights than women during scarce work periods" and their labor force participation, shedding light on the influential role of gender norms in North Africa. Our study emphasizes the critical role of networking, social capital, and how North Africans' perception of political life impedes their labor force participation. As for policy implications, our contribution illuminates new pathways for women's empowerment, advocating for comprehensive legislative reforms to promote gender equality and foster inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is increasing worldwide. Some previous studies have explored the impact of work–family conflict on depressive symptoms of married working women. However, little is known about the moderating relationship underlying them. Objectives: This study aims to determine the moderating effects of marriage satisfaction and organizational gender discrimination climate in the relationship between work–family conflict and depressive symptoms of married working women in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the data of the 8th Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF). The data of 1,816 married working women employed and paid by an individual or an enterprise were analyzed. Results: The work–family conflict had a significant effect on depressive symptoms of married working women. In the dynamics between work–family conflict and depressive symptoms, no significant moderating effect of marriage satisfaction was found. On the contrary, the organizational gender discrimination climate displayed a moderating effect on the relationship between work–family conflict and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Nursing strategies in the workplace or community are needed so that married working women can cope positively and actively between work–family conflicts and maintain healthy mental health. To this end, gender role awareness education should be prioritized to improve awareness of gender discrimination in the workplace. In addition, nursing interventions such as linking local or government support and information delivery should be provided so that married working women can be consulted about situations related to work–family conflicts or gender discrimination climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the transition to retirement affect female subjective wellbeing? The major theoretical perspectives that have been applied as frameworks to study the heterogeneous adjustment to retirement include role theory and continuity theory. They have often been integrated with a lifecourse approach, which allows us to study retirement as a transition set inside a lifelong process. In this paper, I assess how working life courses are related to changes in subjective wellbeing before and after retirement, using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and concentrating on women. Firstly, I conduct sequence analysis and cluster analysis to identify groups of typical working lifecourses from ages 20 to 50. Secondly, regression models estimate how retirement transition is associated with changes in life satisfaction, according to the different working trajectories. The results show that some of the trajectories, constituted of discontinuity or part-time periods, exhibit a continuous increase in life satisfaction, passing from employment (or unemployment) to retirement. For other trajectories, such as the full-time one, retirement seems not to have implications for subjective wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]