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The global trend in offsetting for no‐net‐loss (NNL) is increasing, focusing on protecting high‐condition habitats and restoring degraded ones. Australia's New South Wales (NSW) Biodiversity Offset Scheme (BOS) promotes active restoration (AR; reconstruction of missing ecosystem properties, AR) on offset sites. We examined (1) the adoption of AR under the BOS, and (2) practical constraints and attitudes toward AR. Records of management actions on 138 proposed offset sites revealed that AR was proposed for 19.3% (12,180 ha) of the total offset area (67,310 ha). For areas with a low‐moderate condition score (26,528 ha), AR was proposed for only 27.3% (7248 ha), despite these being the areas where it would be most likely to be necessary. A survey of 111 individuals involved in offsetting policy and restoration revealed that while 76% agreed AR was necessary for NNL, financial constraints were seen as a major barrier. A structural equation model indicated that positive attitudes toward AR rules and AR as a social imperative were strongly linked to agreement on the necessity of AR for NNL outcomes. Our results indicate that attitudes could influence the adoption of AR on offset sites, even in cases where policies are explicitly designed to provide financial incentives for AR, as exemplified in the context of NSW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archival concepts are grounded in cultural traditions and often difficult to translate because equivalent terms do not exist. This may lead to misunderstandings which may impact on intercultural understanding and international collaboration. This article looks at how the Records Continuum Model, which was developed in Australia in the 1990s in response to the perceived deficiencies of the life cycle model to deal with digital records, is understood by francophone archivists and records managers. Misunderstandings can be attributed to problems of translation and transposition of Records Continuum ideas in other archival contexts, as well as to the specific terminology, which in itself is confusing because the terms used—in particular records, recordkeeping and continuum—have meanings that differ from their meanings in everyday language or in other cultural contexts. Through interviews with francophone archivists in Switzerland, the author explored their understanding of the model and the measures they were trying to put in place to encourage the creation of records and their preservation for as long as they would be needed by various stakeholders. The author shows that although the interviewees were all working within a life cycle framework, some of them were taking small "continuum actions" that can have a significant impact on the creation, management and preservation of records and on their ability to meet the needs of various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multidisciplinary team meeting (MDM) processes differ according to clinical setting and tumour site. This can impact on decision making. This study aimed to evaluate the translation of MDM recommendations into clinical practice across solid tumour MDMs at an academic centre.Methods: A retrospective audit of oncology records was performed for nine oncology MDMs held at Liverpool Hospital, NSW, Australia from 1/2/17-31/7/17. Information was collected on patient factors (age, gender, country of birth, language, postcode, performance status, comorbidities), tumour factors (diagnosis, stage) and MDM factors (number of MDMs, MDM recommendation). Management was audited up to a year post MDM to record management and identify reasons if discordant with MDM recommendations. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with concordant management.Results: Eight hundred thirty-five patients were discussed, median age was 65 years and 51.4% were males. 70.8% of patients were presented at first diagnosis, 77% discussed once and treatment recommended in 73.2%. Of 771 patients assessable for concordance, management was fully concordant in 79.4%, partially concordant in 12.8% and discordant in 7.8%. Concordance varied from 84.5% for lung MDM to 97.6% for breast MDMs. On multivariable analysis, breast and upper GI MDMs and discussion at multiple MDMs were significantly associated with concordant management. The most common reason for discordant management was patient/guardian decision (28.3%).Conclusion: There was variability in translation of MDM recommendations into clinical practice by tumour site. Routine measurement of implementation of MDM recommendations should be considered as a quality indicator of MDM practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore how and why the Australian records and archives professions are in decline by examining job advertisements. The hypothesis was that competencies, developed as standards to communicate a professional identity to recruiters, would show in job advertisements. Design/methodology/approach: Searches were set up to capture job advertisements for records and archives positions advertised on Australia's largest job seeking website: Seek.com.au. Criteria developed to identify relevant advertisements were based on existing competencies and standards outlining records professionals' skills, knowledge and attributes. Statistical analysis was used to assess the data. Findings: Employers and recruiters are looking for generalist skills rather than specialist knowledge. Additionally, the requirement of having experience outweighs qualifications. Most job advertisements did not demonstrate awareness of records professionals' specialist skills, knowledge and attributes. Originality/value: There is a dearth of research into the Australian records workforce. There has been only one other research project into job advertisements in Australia, which focussed only on Western Australia. This research collected data over a three-month period for jobs advertised all over Australia. This paper raises questions about the role of competencies in establishing and communicating professional identity, as well as the future of records profession in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive management is central to improving outcomes of environmental water delivery. The Australian Government's Murray−Darling Basin (MDB) Plan 2012 explicitly states that adaptive management should be applied in the planning, prioritisation and use of environmental water. A Long Term Intervention Monitoring (LTIM) program was established in 2014 to evaluate responses to environmental water delivery for seven Areas within the MDB, with evaluation also undertaken at the Basin scale. Adaptive management at the Area scale was assessed using two approaches: (a) through a reflective exercise undertaken by researchers, water managers and community members and (b) through an independent review and evaluation of the program, where relevant reports were reviewed and managers and researchers involved in the LTIM program were interviewed. Both assessment approaches revealed that the scale of management actions influenced the extent to which learnings were incorporated into subsequent actions. Although there were many examples where learnings within an Area had been used to adaptively manage subsequent environmental water deliveries within that Area, there was inconsistent documentation of the processes for incorporating learnings into decision making. Although this likely limited the sharing of learnings, there were also examples where learnings from one Area had influenced environmental water management in another, suggesting that sharing between concurrent projects can increase learning. The two assessments identified ways to improve and systematically document the adaptive management learnings. With improved processes to increase reflection, documentation and sharing of learnings across projects, there is an opportunity to improve management of environmental water and ecosystem outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the findings of a pilot research project investigating current best practices, operating within national law firms in Australia, that support women lawyers in their advancement to partnership and other leadership positions. Academic research and professional body reports suggest that current diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives across the private sector are not resulting in significant change to advancement, retention and attrition of women in the legal profession. However, work done by the Women Lawyers' Association of New South Wales in Australia, through the Data Comparison Project (DCP), indicates that some firms have made better progress than others. Building on the DCP, this article presents the findings of a pilot project involving in-depth interviews with four of the top-achieving national law firms in Australia on gender equity criteria. It finds that these firms are collectively engaging with many of the best practice initiatives for D&I recommended by the current national and international research and scholarship, and in some instances go beyond international best practice. What is apparent, however, is that the current best practices have yet to achieve significant advancement of women, or to break through the glass ceilings that continue to operate for women in large Australian law firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a descriptive examination and traces the historical development of records management approaches, as well as their significance to the records management practice and their limitations. The study focuses on the records continuum model, developed in Australia's archival sciences field in recent years and discusses its implications for the practice of records and archival management. Prior to the emergence of the records continuum model, the life-cycle theory dominated most records management fields globally. The records continuum model responds - in ways that the life-cycle theory is unable to deal with the challenges of electronic records and proposes a new set of management thinking of the preservation of the electronic environment, in which contemporary institutions and their associated electronic records coexist. There appears to be insufficient literature on the practice of these two records management theories in the organizational context. To contribute to bridging this gap, this study analysed the major components of each records management theory and presents models of organizations built on these approaches. Therefore, the study examines the uses of the records continuum model and life-cycle theories within the broader field of archival research. The study is a literature review within a qualitative, interpretative paradigm. Relying on historical and narrative analysis, the findings established evidence of the practice of the records management theories in the organizations. The study concluded that records management practice in organizations can be enhanced, if specific factors within each records management approach are given adequate consideration in their application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: There are limited population‐based data documenting the incidence and management of lentigo maligna (LM) and invasive lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). We report the data on occurrence and management of LM and LMM in an Australian population. Methods: Prospective collection of incidence and clinician‐reported management of melanoma in situ (MIS; n = 450, capped) and localised invasive melanoma (n = 3251) notified to the New South Wales Cancer Registry over 12‐months in 2006–2007. Results: The estimated annual incidence of all MIS was 27.0 per 100 000 (LM 12.2, non‐LM MIS 5.9 and unclassified MIS 9.0). Patients with LM or LMM were on average approximately 10 years older than those with other melanoma subtypes (P < 0.001). The head and neck was the location of 59% of LM, 44% of LMM and <20% of other melanoma subtypes (P < 0.001). The majority of LM and LMM were treated only by specialists. Diagnostic partial biopsies were more frequent for LM and LMM than for other melanoma subtypes, and primary care physicians were more likely than specialists to do a punch partial biopsy than a shave biopsy. The reported median definitive excision margin for LM was 5.0 mm compared with 7.2 mm for non‐LM MIS (P = 0.001). Conclusions: In this Australian population, LM was twice as frequent as other types of MIS. Improved strategies for diagnosis and management are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to present findings from a recent study examining current records management as fit for digital government in Australia.Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on findings from the first phase of research for a postdoctoral degree. This research was collected through an online quantitative survey of government records management professionals in Australia. The survey’s purpose was to understand whether the profession has kept pace with advances in, and expectations of, digital government. Building on the findings of the survey, this paper explores the concepts of methodology and methods and applies them to current digital records management in the Australian Government. Methodology for Australian Government digital records management is contained in the 2015 Digital Continuity 2020 policy. However, measuring method proved more difficult. The researcher supplemented data published by the National Archives of Australia and the Department of Finance with data from her own research to measure the validity of methods by examining suitability of current requirements.Findings Australian Government records management professionals overwhelmingly feel requirements, organisational culture and behaviour form a barrier to implementing successful records management programs. This paper finds that the Australian Government is buying ten times more digital storage per year than the sum of all of the digital Australian Government records known. This suggests perhaps not all records are recognised. While there will always be more storage than records, the ratio should not be so inflated. Further problems are found with requirements for records management being seen as mostly paper-based and too resource intensive to be of use. This research, combined with a contemporary literature review, shows that there is an imbalance with the current methodology and methods and asks the question: Has a methodology (Digital Continuity 2020) been created without suitable and known methods being in place?Research limitations/implications The method for collecting survey data was based on self-reporting, which can lead to limitations in that the population sample may exaggerate their response or demonstrate bias. However, responses to the survey were common enough to eliminate bias. The study is based on the Australian Government; however, findings may translate to other governments. This paper presents findings from the first phase of research of a postdoctoral degree. Not all findings are presented, only those relevant to the topic.Originality/value As the Australian Government moves to become a true digital government, records management is still required to ensure accountability of government actions and decisions. However, while the government transitions to digital, and information stores continue to grow, the question of whether records management has kept up with the rapid pace of digital information flow and expansion does not need to be asked. Instead, the time has come to ask, “What can we do to keep up?” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democracy in Australia is gravely threatened by a flood of measures harmful to human rights that have been introduced since 2001, a large proportion of which are unjustified and not subject to effective controls. The passage of these measures through the Parliament has been achieved on the basis of their proponents' assertions and without appropriate scrutiny. Parliament had available to it various forms of impact assessment techniques, but failed to require that such methods be applied. The study reported here had as its focus one particular form of evaluation – Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA). The study found that the PIA process should have been performed for each proposal, but was in fact seldom applied, and where it was applied the process and report were in almost all cases seriously deficient. Survival of democracy is dependent on the Parliament standing up to the national security extremism that has taken hold of the Attorney-General's Department. Ministers and Parliamentary Committees must demand prior evaluation of proposals that restrict civil freedoms, must ensure transparency in relation to the proposals and their justification, and must require effective controls over, and mitigation features within, those measures that survive the evaluation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Who Am I? research was an interdisciplinary, action research project focused on the past and present record-keeping practices for people growing up in out-of-home care in Australia. This paper reports on two of the nested projects directed at current record-keeping practices. For the 100+ Points of Identity study, a tool was developed (the Document Accessibility Exercise or "Daesy") to determine the number of personal records critical to identity that could be accessed by practitioners prior to a young person leaving a placement. The Backpack of Identity project developed a further iteration of the action research cycle, as the first project identified the vulnerability of the record when placements for the young person changed. A number of implications for practice arose, including the need for greater attention to the development of personal records (as against an administrative record) and the need for practitioners to understand their responsibilities for the story "of the record" as well as the story "in the record". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the stories of re-mapping the archives based on art and poetic-prose from the ideas of haunting through memory in the blood. It states the collections of data and stories as well as brutal surveillance being revealed in Australia. It also emphasizes the detective-like methods used in creating re-mapping archives with categorizations of people, places and landscapes.

This article endeavours to highlight a variety of issues around accountability and appraisal and does so from the perspective of parliamentary systems of government. These include many African countries as well as Australia, Barbados, Canada, India, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK). This should be an appropriate perspective as existing literature, with the exception of that from Australia, has relatively little to say about the role of parliamentarians and political parties (Hurley 2005; McKemmish 2005). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - However well-intentioned are public sector reform movements, they are often compromised by misunderstandings about meanings and directions and by the organisational amnesia that comes from too rapid change and too little attention to the past. A better appreciation of these problems is needed. This paper aims to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach - The paper combines discussion about factors that inhibit successful outcomes of many reform programmes with examples drawn mostly from the Australian experience. Findings - Reform programmes are likely to have better outcomes if they are designed with these possible impediments in view. Similarly theoretical understandings will be safer and sounder if more attention is given to administrative history and more care is taken to reconcile conflicting views. Originality/value - The paper focuses on issues that have not been given much attention in the literature of public sector reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess examples of digital recordkeeping practice in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) and determine whether the discipline is tipping into a period where digital recordkeeping will change for the better, or whether it is tipping into digital oblivion. After assessing numerous case studies and examples, the paper also seeks to recommend some small but significant steps that can be taken to stem the tide and improve digital recordkeeping practices.Design/methodology/approach – The approach is based on the authors' experiences and observations of recordkeeping practice in NSW.Findings – Digital records and recordkeeping are at a critical juncture across all business environments. The tremendous benefits that digital records and recordkeeping can realise are in danger of being offset by significant threats, complexities and costs. All individuals, organisations and business environments need to take small steps now to start to make digital recordkeeping achievable and to make long-term digital record sustainability possible.Practical implications – The case studies presented in this paper provide both positive and negative digital recordkeeping scenarios for practitioners to consider. The paper also makes a number of practical suggestions that all recordkeeping environments can reflect on to tip the balance in favour of achievable and sustainable digital recordkeeping.Originality/value – The paper is of value to all practitioners seeking to implement and sustain effective digital records management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mention competency standards in Australia and you will invariably get a response involving rolling the eyes, as well as enthusiastic acceptance. Why? The Australian competency standards framework, like any education system, has its supporters and detractors among educators and the profession or occupation to which the standards apply. The record-keeping competency standards are no different. This article by examining the conundrum that surrounds the record-keeping competencies in Australia, by examining them, the way they are used, the way they relate to other competency frameworks and, in particular, the challenges facing the record-keeping professions using them, will raise questions for any professional body or organisation which is exploring the possibility of using competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 1990s the Archives of Ontario adopted a version of the Australian "series system" for the arrangement of Government of Ontario records. Series-based systems of arrangement and description provide an alternative means for archives to represent the relationships between a body of records, the functions and activities that generated them, and the organizational entities that carried out those functions. Integral to these systems is the use of archival authority records to represent the people and groups that create archival records. Implementing such a system does present challenges. It forces an archival repository to closely analyze the organizational context from which it receives records and to make systematic decisions about how this administrative environment will be represented in authority records so as to consistently represent the context of records creation. Moreover, once established, systems that document record creating bodies in archival authority records require a considerable ongoing resource commitment as new records are acquired and new context entities are described. This article outlines the characteristics of the Archives of Ontario's descriptive system and discusses some of the challenges presented in adopting such a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the development of the corporate web site as a medium for sustainability reporting. Drawing upon survey data of corporate web sites in Australia, Germany and the United Kingdom and the experiences of six companies, it seeks to identify how issues of accessibility and functionality of the web site affect web based sustainability reporting. The study highlights the diversity of approaches to sustainability reporting on the internet and identifies a number of hurdles faced by managers responsible for sustainability reporting. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores teaching, continuum style, in transdisciplinary environments with reference to the recordkeeping and archiving program at Monash University, Australia. It explains how continuum approaches and activity-based learning can address the challenges of growing complexity, and the ever expanding universe of content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper emerged from an earlier survey of developments in knowledge management within the Australian Public Service (APS). The earlier study pointed to future research possibilities in an emerging relationship between knowledge management and archives and records. The resultant case-based research reported here shows that this relationship operates most strongly in the context of key drivers of knowledge management within government agencies and departments, and in linkages between the work of the National Archives of Australia (NAA) and that of other Commonwealth organisations. Knowledge management also emerges as an important strategic issue for the National Archives of Australia. Eleven issues emerging as common in the previous study were discussed at the NAA: Perceptions, Approaches, Drivers, Links to core business, Obstacles, Enablers, Structures, Frameworks, Metrics, Champions and inter-agency networks. In overall terms the NAA emerged as an organisation that was at the development stage for knowledge management and one that was taking conscious strides in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To review the challenges associated with ensuring the capture and preservation of and long-term access to government records and publications in the digital age and to describe how libraries and archives in Australia are responding to the challenge. Design/methodology/approach - Literature- and case-study-based conceptual analysis of what makes government online information so vulnerable and initiatives at the National Library of Australia and the National Archives of Australia. Findings - Democracy, governance, consultation and participation all depend on the availability of authentic and reliable information. Government agencies as well as educational and research institutions are producing increasingly large volumes of information in digital formats only. While Australia has done more than most countries to date to address the need to identify, collect, store and preserve government publications and public records in digital formats, large amounts of information are still at risk of loss. Research limitations/implications - Focuses on circumstances and initiatives in the Australian Government. Practical implications - Librarians and archivists need to become more proactive in influencing the behaviour of government agencies to ensure that important evidence of democratic governance is created and managed in ways that facilitate their accessibility and long-term preservation. Originality/value - Emphasises the vital role that information management agencies such as libraries and archives have to play in supporting transparent and accountable governance in the digital age, and explores innovative strategies for ensuring the long-term preservation of this important documentary heritage material for the use of future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using as its basis the Australian Records Management Standard (AS 4390 - now superseded by the International Records Management Standard, ISO 15489), the National Archives of Australia (NAA) has developed an extensive range of detailed and practical standards, guidelines, policies and manuals to assist Australian public sector organisations to implement strategies to make and keep full and accurate records. The NAA committed to this course of action in response to evidence of widespread poor record keeping in the Australian Government, the result of changes to work practices in the public sector including the spread of electronic business systems and the devolution of managerial responsibility. This article describes the major components of the "e-permanence"' suite of best practice record keeping guidance and discusses implementation strategies pursued by the Archives in support of these products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues for a fresh and renewed approach to the study of record-keeping in Australia. Description of the development of record keeping in the country; Implications for library science; Instances of alleged unauthorized records destruction in the country's history; Issues facing Aboriginal record-keeping; Problems with traditional notions of archives.

The article presents information about the task of compiling historical records kept on women in Australia. It discusses which women the author chose to include such as those from the Female Factory women's prisons, employed women, and charitable volunteers, and the women excluded such as those from prominent families, women writers, or upper class women.