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Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims to understand theoretical and cultural aspects related to the typical cuisine of the Brazil-Paraguay border from the analysis of the “chipa” as an alternative element to income generation and as a potential for geographic indication in strengthening local tourism. The research evaluated a sample by adhesion of 4 (four) traditional Ñas in the region, sellers and producers of artisanal “chipas”, mapped from the field observations and the tacit knowledge of the researchers. For the analysis, we considered the economic theories, geographical indication, and cultural heritage. The results showed that the level of differentiation and the commercialization channels used are factors that interfere in the creation and distribution of the added value of the product in the artisanal process of “chipa” production. It was possible to conclude that the typicality of regional cuisine, when preserved and valued by the local population, is an important element for the generation of income, based on what indicate the references on geographical indication and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plural - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of Revista Plural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to analyze the effects of education on the income of individuals residing in Brazil and, specifically, in the South and Northeast regions. Estimates are made from the PNAD database for the year 2017 using the income equation proposed by Mincer (1974) and Heckman’s (1979) procedure to correct the selection bias. The method of Trostel (2004) is also used to calculate the returns to schooling both in Brazil and in the South and Northeast regions. As a main result, the theoretical model and its estimates indicate that in all the regions analyzed, human capital presents increasing returns, which are increasingly higher as the individual reaches higher degrees of education, pointing out that in Brazil people with 4 years of study have returns of 2.9% in their salaries; with 15 years of study the returns are 33.2%. In the South and Northeast, the values are respectively 1.8% and 2.7% for 4 years, and 26, 3% and 33.2% for 15 years of study, indicating higher returns for the Northeast region. Therefore, the results suggest that it is of fundamental importance to devise policies that encourage the completion of higher levels of education to increase workers’ income. Keywords: human capital; income; return of schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a worldwide concern regarding the harmful effects of child labor and its effects on the living conditions of individuals. This issue has been the focus of several discussions between researchers, the State and social entities, such as this study which aimed to analyze the effects of early work on schooling, income and the condition of the occupation of an adult individual who was a child worker. For this purpose, a statistical and econometric analysis of data from the National Household Sample Survey, 2015, was carried out, referring to workers aged between 18 and 70 years, from the states of the southern region of Brazil. The results showed that: of the total number of workers investigated in the region, 38% were informal workers. In the three southern states, more than 55% of these informal workers began to work when they were 14 years old. In terms of income, it was found that people who entered work with less than 10 years old had a lower average monthly income, when compared to the average of those entering after 18 years old. In the same direction, the lower the age that you started working, the lower the average years of study presented. In the three aspects investigated, rural workers were in a worse condition: informality among them is greater, income and education are lower. Finally, this research showed that child labor is a human, social and economic problem latent in time, which lacks efforts by the State and society for its complete eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors such as herd composition, productivity, milk quality and technology level influence the costs and profitability of milk production. Objective: To evaluate indicators that could predict production performance and financial efficiency in three dairy production systems in southern Brazil. Methods: Monthly records of milk quality, production performance and costs from fifty dairy farms were collected. The farms were classified into grazing, semi-feedlot, or feedlot systems. Total revenues, effective operational cost, total operational cost, total cost, gross margin, net income, total cost leveling point, profitability and final milk price were calculated. Results: The feedlot system resulted in greater herd size and milk production per lactating cow (p<0.05), but greater variable costs compared to semi-feedlot and grazing systems. On the other hand, the grazing system achieved greater profitability per year. Factor II (fat and protein rates), and Factor III (herd size and productivity per area) were associated with milk price per liter paid to the farmer (p<0.05), together accounting for approximately 13% of this price. Conclusion: Dairy production systems are influenced by area, lactating cows, productive performance, productivity per area, milk quality, and use of artificial insemination as well as supplementation (concentrate and minerals). Nearly 13% of milk price can be attributed to its fat and protein content as well as herd size and productivity per area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents partial results of a research on the musicians' job market during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was based on a simple and multiple regression analysis and performed with data collected through an online questionnaire (RedCap). It was possible to identify and compare demographic and socioeconomic features of musicians from the larger regions of Brazil. This method allowed us to examine the relationship between loss of income and musicians' demographic, socioeconomic, academic level, and employment features. Results show that musicians who faced the greatest income reduction were among the self-identified as blacks, those with lower academic level (less years of study), the younger ones who did not have formal employment before the pandemic. Male musicians, who are largely the main family providers, are also among those who experienced more income loss when compared with the female share of the sample, who, in turn, have higher academic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to verify an association between income and eating habits of hypertensive people in Health Multicenter (Multicentro de Saúde in Portuguese) in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Method: cross-sectional study with 221 hypertensive patients. Sociodemographic and eating habits data were collected through interviews and a standardized instrument from July to December 2017. Bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test. The level of statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results: predominance of consumption of vegetables (69.1%) and fruits (57.6%) less than five days/week, and use of salt substitute products (69.6%) by people with an income of less than one minimum wage; statistically significant associations were found (p=0.027, p=0.003, p=0.043, respectively). Conclusion: the association between income and eating habits of hypertensive people showed that those with income lower than a minimum wage consumed fruits and vegetables less frequently and used salt substitute products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of physical activity of adolescents has been a concern for public health agencies, suggesting the maximum use of the physical activities available in daily life. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of passive commuting to school and analyze the sociodemographic factors associated with adolescents from two Brazilian cities. The participants of this cross-sectional, epidemiologic, and school-based study were adolescents boys and girls, aged 15 to 18, from a city of Southern Brazil, São José/Santa Catarina (=1024), and from a city of Northern Brazil city, Manaus/Amazonas (n=1109). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire with information regarding commuting to school, age, gender, and Family income. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios and confidence intervals of 95% (CI95%). The adolescents from Santa Catarina were more passive (53.5%; CI95%: 50.1-56.0) than adolescents from Amazonas (37.3%; CI95%: 34.5-39.7) in commuting to school. Female gender and being part of a Family with higher monthly income were associated with increased chances of passively commuting to school in both cities. The ages of 16 and 17 were associated with diminished chances of passively commuting to school in adolescents from Amazonas. Measures to avoid and reduce passive commuting should target, especially, girls and adolescents from higher-income Families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the socioeconomic condition of fishermen of the Amazonian shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum) in the municipality of Breves, Marajó archipelago (Pará - Brazil). The study was carried out from January to June 2019, using a questionnaire for eighteen fishermen. As for gender distribution, the presence of women in fishing is observed with 61.0% representation. They are aged between 31 and 40 years old (28.0%), with more than half (33.0%) having 4 to 5 children. As for education, the municipality of Breves has 22.0% of illiterate fishermen and 52.0% who have incomplete elementary education, which corresponds to the majority of respondents. It was found that the Amazon shrimp fishermen need public policies to promote educational and fishing activities, job and income generation, with improved quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia & Antropologia is the property of Sociologia & Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Sociais - Brazil is the property of Revista de Ciencias Socias do Universidade Federal do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is an economic tool that can be used in waste management as a way of encouraging the work of waste pickers and, consequently, recycling. Payment for the work done is a demand from many waste picker organizations in Brazil, which do an important service to society by allowing recyclable materials to return to the production cycle rather than being discarded in landfills. This was a claim from the waste pickers associations of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, and to address this, this paper set out to draft a PES policy proposal. The results were presented to the Viçosa Waste and Citizenship Forum, in 2017, and led to discussions that culminated in the hiring of two associations of municipal waste pickers by the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service of Viçosa in 2018. It concludes the importance of University works to be applicable to the reality that surrounds it, in order to fulfill its role and bring about real changes in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To verify if indirect taxes on the income of taxpayers actually tend to be regressive, increasing the disparity between Brazilian taxpayers. Methodology: The empirical strategy consisted in estimating a simple linear regression model, based on the model developed by Pintos-Payeras (2008). The database was based on the data from the family budget survey (POF / 2002-2003). Results: The results show that indirect taxation tends to be regressive when family income is taken as the basis, since it affects all without distinguishing between its taxable capacity. Contributions of the Study: The study demonstrates that those who are in better economic conditions have less and less to bear with this tax burden, and, therefore, taxes are more heavily burdened on people with lower purchasing power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal de Pediatria is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: to determine if the level of education and income of the guardians of children seen at the Hearing Health University Hospital, influences on the adherence to the use of hearing aids. Methods: a retrospective study using a survey of secondary data in Supplementary Examination Laboratory University Hospital was conducted. Data on the type and degree of hearing loss, type of adaptation, family income and education of parents or guardians were verified. Adherence to the use of hearing aids was verified by the presence in annual consultation after discharge. Results: 105 patients were analyzed. 35(10,47%) cases reported to receive a minimum wage as a single income family, 54(51,4%) between one and three minimum wages, 4(3,8%) from three to 10 minimum wages and 12(11,4%) cases the information was not reported in the interview. Regarding the level of education of parents or guardians, 51(48,5%) had no formal education or at most elementary school, 39(37,1%) began or completed high school, 5(4,7%) began or completed a university degree and in 10(9,7%) cases there was no information. 94 patients adhered to the hearing aids, and 11 did not. There was no statistical significance between family income or education and the adherence to the use of hearing aids in children treated at University Hospital. Conclusion: the family income or education of parents or guardians does not influence the adherence to the use of hearing aids in children up to 12 years seen in University Hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance is the property of Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O projeto extensionista de desenvolvimento da apicultura familiar, teve início em 2007 no Município de Monteiro Lobato-SP, foi vencedor do XI Concurso da Universidade Solidária-UNISOL e se constituiu na parceria entre a Universidade de Taubaté-UNITAU, Prefeitura Municipal de Monteiro Lobato-SP, Associação de Pequenos Produtores Rurais(APPR) e Universidade Solidária-UNISOL / ABN-AmroBank. Este trabalho teve como objetivo proporcionar aos apicultores da APPR o acesso a assistência e acompanhamento que envolveu conceitos técnicos de manejo, de empreendedorismo, de comercialização dos produtos e questões de relacionamento e convivência em grupo. Devido a capacidade de atuação e alcance de resultado, este projeto atualmente está sendo desenvolvido em mais dois municípios, Redenção da Serra e São Luiz do Paraitinga, e conta com o apoio de novos parceiros, que são as associações de apicultores destes municípios, poder público local e da empresa Fibria A metodologia desenvolvida e denominada de "Ciranda do Mel" é resultante do aprimoramento do Projeto: "Difusão de Abelhas Rainhas - DIFAR" desenvolvido em 10 municípios no Vale do Paraíba-SP no período de 1994. Os resultados obtidos foram ampliação da consciência ambiental, provocando mudanças de atitudes, ampliação de competências empreendedoras entre os apicultores e familiares, aumento da participação da apicultura na renda familiar de 23,6% para 25,7%, aumento no numero de colmeias por apicultor de 20,8 para 22,8 colmeias, elevação da produtividade de mel por colmeia de 11,5 quilos para 19,4 quilos de mel/colmeia/safra, implantação de uma infraestrutura coletiva para o beneficiamento do mel, melhoria na qualidade, melhoria na comercialização do produto com o uso de embalagens adequadas, criação da Trilha do Mel juntamente com a peça teatral encenada pelos filhos dos apicultores (agroturismo), criação e desenvolvimento de artesanato com a temática relacionada a apicultura e meio ambiente. A atuação de práticas extensionistas permitiu não só alcance dos objetivos propostos, bem como a melhoria na autoestima e o próprio empoderamento entre os atores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegócio is the property of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegocio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lua Nova is the property of CEDEC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After having been branded for a long time as one of the most unequal countries in the world, Brazil has experienced a reduction in its income inequalities since the second half of the 1990s. This has been a result of the “relative de-industrialization” process which this country entered at the end of the 1980s and not a consequence of the economic policies of the Lula Administration. Contrary to what may be supposed, the appearance of a new middle class also does not necessarily constitute an opportunity for economic growth in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectiva Econômica is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this work was to assess a few biometric characteristics, yield and gross revenue of four taro clones cultivated in a Dystrorthox soil, clay texture. Macaquinho, Japonês, Chinês and Cascudo clones were studied, in a randomized block experimental design with six replications. Plants of Chinês and Cascudo taro showed the highest heights and fresh leaf mass. For the values of diameter and length of RM, diameter of commercial RF and of length of non-commercial RF, percentages of dried leaf mass, RM and RF significant influences of clones were detected. These four studied clones showed similar statistics for yield values (t ha-1) of fresh mass of corm (from 4.22 for 'Japonês' up to 4.49 for 'Macaquinho') and of cormels (from 14.84 for 'Macaquinho' up to 16.83 for 'Cascudo') and non-commercial cormels (variation from 4.44 for 'Macaquinho' up to 5.19 for 'Chinês'). Observing average estimates regarding to gross revenue, it was concluded that cultivation of Cascudo taro was the best, which was R$ 192.00, R$ 2,136.00 and R$ 2,388.00 over revenues for 'Japonês', 'Chinês' and 'Macaquinho', respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The artisanal fishing is an important economic and social activity in the State of Amazonas, despite the reduced socioeconomic information on the section, which are necessary for its planning. Information was collected by means of interviews with users in the fishery harbor of Manaus, and the different functions and income were evaluated. It was registered that the first commercialization of the fishing production generates a monthly income that varies between R$ 2,318.00 and R$ 4,802.40 for the boat-owner, R$ 760.00 to R$ 1,480.00 for the middleman-auctioneer, and R$ 89.30 to R$ 893.00 for the fishermen according to their function. Larger boats facilitate larger production and income for fishery, which motivated an increase in the size of ships along the last two decades. The boats of small load do a great number of trips per month, optimizing the use of the production factors and generating superior monthly incomes in comparison to medium and big boats. The family working system of small boats makes possible the largest income to the fishermen, due to its equalitarian partition. The boat-owner and the middleman control the fishing of large scale and maximize their income in this case, besides practicing other income activities out of the fishery sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]