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The iron‐armored chain horse is a military strategy in ancient China to enhance the combat force of the entire army, especially when individual fighters are vulnerable to being picked off one by one. Herein, this strategy is adopted to generate highly efficient metal‐free blue room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) using the world's largest production of dicarboxylate acid. By encapsulating the commercially available chemical disodium terephthalate (DTPA) within the iron armor of α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD), and subsequently linking the iron‐armored DTPA@α‐CD horses into a crystalline array mediated by hydrogen bonds and Na+ coordination, a highly confined and segregated arrangement of DTPA is achieved, leading to heavy atom‐free deep‐blue phosphorescence with a maximum efficiency of 83.3%. Since the crystalline array of the iron‐armored chain horse DTPA@α‐CD can be facilely obtained through water evaporation, the current phosphorescent material allows for rapid, high‐throughput solution processing of deep‐blue afterglow display, offering an economic and environmentally benign approach for deep‐blue RTP materials and facilitating their application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taihu Lake is the most important drinking water source of the major cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollution of endocrine disruptors (EDCs)in Taihu Lake has been increasing recently, the accurate determination is an important guide for predicting its health risks and developing appropriate controls. Monitoring organic pollutants in water using the diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) has attracted much attention due to more accuracy and convenience than the grab sampling methods. In this study, a novel cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) synthesized by the simple and green method in water was taken as an adsorbent for the binding gel. Four endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol A (BPA), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), were taken as models to determine the diffusion coefficients (4.68 × 10 -6 , 3.38 × 10 -6 , 3.34 × 10 -6 and 4.31 × 10 -6  cm 2 /s) and to test the performance of DGT, such as adsorption capacity and deployment time (1-5 day). The assembled CDP-DGT was adopted to determine four EDCs in a simulated water environment (3-9 of pH, 0.001-0.5 M of ionic strength (IS), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) of 0-20 mg/L). The ability of CDP-DGT sampling was verified in the Jiuxiang River and was carried out for a large-scale field application of in situ sampling EDCs in Taihu Lake basin. The results show that the total EDCs concentration range and the estradiol equivalent concentrations (EEQ) in Taihu Lake and its main rivers are 2.78 ng/L to 11.08 ng/L and 2.62 ng/L to 10.91 ng/L, respectively. The risk quotients (RQs) of all sampling sites in the region were greater than 1, indicating that EDCs pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms in the area. Therefore, the monitoring of EDCs in the Taihu Lake basin should be further strengthened., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Problems associated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)-contaminated sites have received wide attention. To address the associated environmental concerns, innovative ex situ techniques are urgently needed. Materials and methods: As regards long-term contamination by OCPs in Wujiang region, China, we investigated the feasibility of a cleanup strategy that employed hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and peanut oil to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting OCPs, followed by the addition of supplemental nutrients to the residual soil. Results and discussion: Elevated temperature (50 °C) in combination with ultrasonication (35 kHz, 30 min) at 50 g L HPCD and 10 % peanut oil were effective in extracting, and therefore washing, the OCPs in soil. Ninety-three percent of total OCPs, 98 % of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes, 93 % of chlordane as well as 85 % of Mirex were removed from soil after three successive washing cycles. Treating the residual soil with nutrients addition for 12 weeks led to significant increases ( p < 0.05) in the average well color development obtained by the BIOLOG Eco plate assay, Shannon-Weaver index, Simpson index, and EC ecotoxicological evaluation compared with the controls. This implied that this cleanup strategy at least partially restored the microbiological functioning of the OCPs-contaminated soil and has the advantage of being an environmental-friendly technology. Conclusions: The ex situ cleanup strategy through HPCD and peanut oil enhanced soil washing followed by nutrients addition could be effective in remediation of OCPs-contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The crude recycling of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) is now creating soil pollution problems with organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The present study aimed to compare the phytoremediation potential of four plant species (rice, alfalfa, ryegrass and tall fescue) for PCBs contaminated soil from Taizhou city, one of the largest e-waste recycling centers in China. In addition, the enhanced effects of randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrins (RAMEB) on PCBs phytoremediation potential were evaluated. Higher PCBs removal percentages of 25.6–28.5% in rhizosphere soil were observed after 120 days, compared with those of the non-rhizosphere (10.4–16.9%) and unplanted controls (7.3%). The average PCBs removal percentages of four plant species increased from 26.9% to 37.1% in the rhizosphere soil with addition of RAMEB. Meanwhile, relatively high microbial counts and dehydrogenase activity were detected in planted soils and a stimulatory effect by RAMEB addition was found. The present study indicated that all the plant candidates were feasible for phytoremediation of PCBs contaminated soil from the e-waste recycling area, and tall fescue with RAMEB amendment seemed as a promising remediation strategy. High PCBs removal percentage was due to the increased PCBs bioavailability as well as biostimulation of microbial communities after plantation and RAMEB addition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The surface of zeolite was modified by cationic β-cyclodextrin (CCD), which was synthesized with 2, 3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (ETMAC) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), to prepare a novel and effective sorbent for removal of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) from aqueous solution. FTIR, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the surface modification. It was found that CCD, which was synthesized at different conditions such as the mole ratio of ETMAC against β-CD and pH, made an impact on sorption capacity of p-NP on CCD-modified zeolite (CCDMZ). Given ETMAC: β-CD = 7:1 and pH = 13, the cationic process of β-CD might be optimum for CCD to bond to zeolite surfaces. In addition, CCD concentration and modification time affected sorption capacity of p-NP on CCDMZ too. The sorption of p-NP on CCDMZ, activated zeolite (AZ) and natural zeolite (NZ) was investigated by contact time, initial p-NP concentration and sorption isotherms with the batch sorption experiments. The results showed that the sorption of p-NP on CCDMZ satisfactorily fitted the known Langmuir model and the sorption capacity of CCDMZ was higher than that of AZ and NZ although the contact time of CCDMZ appeared to be shorter than other two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The sex pheromone of the chrysanthemum gall midge, Rhopalomyia longicauda (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the most important insect pest in commercial plantations of chrysanthemum, Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel., in China, was identified, synthesized, and field-tested. Volatile chemicals from virgin females and males were collected on Porapak in China and sent to the United Kingdom for analysis. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAG) analysis of volatile collections from females revealed two compounds that elicited responses from antennae of males. These compounds were not present in collections from males. The major EAG-active compound was identified as 2-butyroxy-8-heptadecene by gas chromatographic (GC) retention indices, mass spectra, in both electron impact and chemical ionization modes, hydrogenation, epoxidation, and derivatization with dimethyldisulfide. The lesser EAG-active compound was identified as the corresponding alcohol. The ratio of butyrate to alcohol in the collections was 1:0.26. Racemic (Z)-8-heptadecen-2-ol and the corresponding butyrate ester were synthesized from (Z)-7-hexadecenyl acetate, and the synthetic compounds found to have identical GC retention indices and mass spectra to those of the natural, female-specific components. Analysis of the volatile collections on an enantioselective cyclodextrin GC column showed the natural pheromone contained (2S,8Z)-2-butyroxy-8-heptadecene. Field tests showed that rubber septa containing racemic (Z)-2-butyroxy-8-heptadecene were attractive to R. longicauda males. The (naturally occurring) S-enantiomer was equally as attractive as the racemate, while the R-enantiomer was not attractive to males, and did not inhibit the activity of the S-enantiomer. The attractiveness of the butyrate was significantly reduced by the presence of even small amounts of the corresponding alcohol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the research about the β -cyclodextrin influence on Vibrio fischeri toxicity of 10 phenylsulfonyl carboxylates. It is illustrated that the formation of 1:1 cyclodextrin-solute inclusion complexes dominates the toxicity influence of phenylsulfonyl carboxylates to Vibrio fischeri and greatly weakens the toxicity level. Using the octanol-water partition coefficients lg KOW, the grouped electrotopological state (E-state) index S(> SO2) and the stability constants of inclusion complexes lg KS, three models with high squared correlation coefficients r2adj at 0.908, 0.951 and 0.917, respectively were constructed to evaluate the β-cyclodextrin influence on Vibrio fischeri toxicity. For the type of phenylsulfonyl carboxylates, the inclusion stability constants lg KS can reliably model and predict the β-cyclodextrin influence on Vibrio fischeri toxicity (TI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poyang Lake is the first freshwater lake in China, which is an important drinking water source. In recent years, industrial pollution has led to the increased phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in Poyang Lake. PAEs are a class of typical endocrine disruptors that can accumulate in organisms and interfere with their secretion systems. Thus, the accurate determination of PAEs in Poyang Lake is important for health risk prediction and the development of corresponding control means. Monitoring organic pollutants in water using the diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT) has attracted much attention due to more accuracy and convenience than the traditional methods. This study used an inexpensive amphiphilic cyclodextrin polymer (PBCD) as the sorbent for the binding gel. This new binding gel has an ultra-high specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance. Diffusion coefficients of the five PAEs were determined, and the performance of DGT such as adsorption capacity and deployment time (1-4 days) was tested using five PAEs as models. The assembled PBCD-DGT was used to examine the performance in a complex simulated water environment. The sampling capability of PBCD-DGT was verified in Yangshan Lake, and a large-scale field application was conducted in Poyang Lake basin. The results of 11 sampling points showed that the concentration ranges of dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate were 434-2594 ng/L, 40-314 ng/L, 80-527 ng/L, 45-308 ng/L, and ND-182 ng/L, respectively. The health risk index (HI) and ecological risk quotient (RQ) values of PAEs in the Poyang Lake watershed were far below 1, indictating a lower health and ecological risk. Considering that PAEs are bioaccumulative and persistent, it is very necessary to continue to pay attention to its pollution status and health and ecological risk changes in Poyang Lake Basin in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interests on the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A novel ionic-liquid-based vortex-simplified matrix solid-phase dispersion method using 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin was established by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. 2,6-Dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin was first used as a promising adsorbent in this proposed method for simultaneous determination of eight compounds in Gardeniae fructus. These compounds are terpenoids (geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, 8-o-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester), crocins (crocin-I, crocin-II), quinic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid), and flavonoids (isoquercitrin), respectively. Several parameters were investigated in the adsorption and desorption processes to obtain the optimal conditions, including 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin as sorbent, 0.5 mL 100 mM 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as the extraction solvent, 2:1 of sample/sorbent ratio, grinding for 2 min and vortexing for 60 s. The recoveries of the eight compounds ranged from 96.6 to 100% (<3.50%). The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.02-0.30 and 0.06-1.25  μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, a good linearity was attained with r values (>0.9997). The established method showed higher extraction efficiency and less reagent consumption than traditional matrix solid phase dispersion and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Hence, it could be applied for sample preparation and analysis of natural products., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)