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• A study about parameters influencing solar energy received by greenhouse. • Comparison of the captured global solar radiation in the six shapes of greenhouse in winter. • The optimal orientation for greenhouses at different latitudes. • The E-W orientation sawtooth greenhouse per square meter to save heating costs 46.2$/(m2 swason). In this study, we calculated the amount of global solar radiation captured by the greenhouses at different latitudes. The energy can be used to heat the greenhouses in winter, hence reducing the consumption of fossil energy for greenhouse heating. A script developed in Matlab was used to calculate the captured amount of global solar radiation from 1 November to 1 March of the next year for all the selected greenhouse shapes. The mathematical model of the greenhouse global solar radiation is applicable not only to different regions of the world but also to other types of buildings. This analysis compared six typical greenhouse shapes commonly found in southern China (even span, uneven span, ellipse, arch, sawtooth, and vinery) to select the most suitable type for maximum solar radiation capture. The latitudes ranged from 20° N to 30.6° N. In addition, we considered the orientation of the greenhouse and calculated the cost savings per square meter regarding greenhouse heating in winter. The results showed that sawtooth captured the highest amount of global solar radiation in winter at all latitudes. E-W orientation greenhouses captured the maximum amount of global solar radiation in winter at all latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distributions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface sediments are of great significance in studying the ecological process of nutrient cycling in intertidal flats. However, little is known about N and P's spatial distribution in intertidal flats of the Yellow River Delta (YRD). We analyzed the N and P contents in surface sediments and Suaeda glauca density at the low-tidal level to identify the spatial distributions of nutrients and their influencing factors in coastal tidal flat sediments. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in this study were both lower than the background values of China's shallow sea sediments. The spatial distributions of N and P had significantly spatial heterogeneity, while those of the nutrients at different distances from the low-tidal level to the coastline showed no significant distance effects. The spatial distribution of S. glauca in coastal tidal flats had significant location characteristics and was closely related to the distribution of TN and pH. The TN in non-estuarine intertidal flats was less than that in estuaries; in contrast, the TP was higher in non-estuaries. There are some differences of N and P between estuary and non-estuary areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate the acute effect of extreme cold weather on circulatory disease mortality of older adults in Jinan, with individual and regional-scale characteristics as subgroup analyses to further identify vulnerable populations. This study contained the death data of Jinan from 2011 to 2020 (Nov–Mar). A time-stratified case-crossover method was used to estimate the effects of extreme cold weather and lags 0–8 days, controlling for holiday and relative humidity. To evaluate the impact of different durations and thresholds of extreme cold weather, we considered 4 cold day and 12 cold wave definitions Our results showed an increase in circulatory disease deaths under several definitions. The number of older adults died of circulatory diseases totaled 92,119 during the study period. In the definitions of cold day, the maximum significant effect ranging from 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03,1.14) to 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04,1.24) and appeared on Lag5 or Lag6. In the definitions of cold wave, the maximum significant effect ranging from 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12) to 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.25). The cold effect is mainly attributable to cold day rather than an added effect related to the duration. Our research confirmed that extreme cold weather had a stronger impact on women [maximum effects with an OR of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.36) in P1, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.36) in M12)], and the effect gradient increased with age. Our findings support the evidence on the impact of extreme cold weather on circulatory disease mortality and provide a basis for policymakers to select target groups to develop policies and reduce the public health burden. • Extreme cold weather increased the death risk of older adults from circulatory diseases. • The cold effect on death risk of circulatory diseases was mainly attribute to "main effect". • Maximum significant estimates mostly appeared on the Lag5 or Lag6. • Stronger effect estimates were observed in women, and the effect gradient of vulnerability increased with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies had suggested increased risk of death of residents was associated with typhoons, particularly coastal regions. However, these findings ignored the impact of inland typhoons on the health of residents, especially the indirect death risk caused by typhoons. This study aimed to investigate the acute death risk of residents during inland typhoon Lekima in Jinan, further identify vulnerable populations and areas., Methods: We selected the daily death from 11 to 27th August 2019 in Jinan as case period, and conducted a time-stratified case-crossover design to match the contemporaneous data from 2016 to 2018 as control period. We used the generalized linear Poisson models to estimate the related effects of death risk during typhoon Lekima and lag days., Results: During the Lekima typhoon month, there were 3,366 deaths occurred in Jinan. Compared to unexposed periods, the acute death risk of non-accidental diseases (especially circulatory diseases), female and the older adults increased significantly in the second week after the typhoon. The maximum significant effect of circulatory disease deaths, female and older adult deaths were appeared on lag9, lag9, and lag13 respectively. And the typhoon-associated RR were 1.19 (95%CI:1.05,1.34), 1.28 (95%CI:1.08,1.52), and 1.22 (95%CI:1.06,1.42) respectively. The acute death risk of residents living in TQ and CQ increased significantly on Lag2 and Lag6 after the typhoon, respectively, while those living in LX, LC, HY, JY, and SH occurred from Lag 8 to Lag 13 after the typhoon. LC lasted the longest days., Conclusions: Typhoons would increase the vulnerability of residents living in Jinan which mainly occurred from the seventh day after the typhoon. Residents suffering from non-accidental diseases (circulatory diseases), female and the older adults were more vulnerable. The vulnerability of TQ and CQ occurred on Lag2 and Lag6 after typhoon Lekima, respectively, and the other areas except ZQ and PY occurred from Lag 8 to Lag 13. LC lasted the longest duration. Our findings emphasized the importance of the emergency response, which would help policymakers to identify vulnerable regions and populations accurately during typhoons and formulate the emergency response plan., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Previous studies have shown that carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs mostly in winter and is associated with severe cold weather (e.g., ice storms, temperature drops). However, according to previous studies, the impact of low temperature on health has a delayed effect, and the existing research cannot fully reveal the delayed effect of cold waves on CO poisoning., Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal distribution of CO poisoning in Jinan and to explore the acute effect of cold waves on CO poisoning., Methods: We collected emergency call data for CO poisoning in Jinan from 2013 to 2020 and used a time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the impact of the cold wave day and lag 0-8 days on CO poisoning. In addition, 10 definitions of a cold wave were considered to evaluate the impact of different temperature thresholds and durations., Results: During the study period, a total of 1,387 cases of CO poisoning in Jinan used the emergency call system, and more than 85% occurred in cold months. Our findings suggest that cold waves are associated with an increased risk of CO poisoning in Jinan. When P01, P05, and P10 (P01, P05, and P10 refer to the 1st, 5th, and 10th percentiles of the lowest temperature, respectively) were used as temperature thresholds for cold waves, the most significant effects (the maximum OR value, which refers to the risk of CO poisoning on cold wave days compared to other days) were 2.53 (95% CI:1.54, 4.16), 2.06 (95% CI:1.57, 2.7), and 1.49 (95% CI:1.27, 1.74), respectively., Conclusion: Cold waves are associated with an increased risk of CO poisoning, and the risk increases with lower temperature thresholds and longer cold wave durations. Cold wave warnings should be issued and corresponding protective policies should be formulated to reduce the potential risk of CO poisoning., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wei, Ren, Zhang, Yin, Chu, Ma, Du, Cui and Zhou.)