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Intensive economic and human activities present challenges to the carbon storage capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in arid regions that are sensitive to climate change and ecologically fragile. Therefore, accurately estimating and simulating future changes in carbon stocks on the northern slope economic belt of Tianshan Mountains (NSEBTM) holds great significance for maintaining ecosystem stability, achieving high-quality development of the economic belt, and realizing the goal of "carbon neutrality" by 2050. This study examines the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the NSEBTM carbon stocks in arid regions from 1990 to 2050, utilizing a combination of multi-source data and integrating the Patch-generating Land use Simulation (PLUS) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models. Additionally, an attribution analysis of carbon stock changes is conducted by leveraging land use data. The findings demonstrate that (1) the NSEBTM predominantly consists of underutilized land, accounting for more than 60% of the total land area in the NSEBTM. Unused land, grassland, and water bodies exhibit a declining trend over time, while other forms of land use demonstrate an increasing trend. (2) Grassland serves as the primary reservoir for carbon storage in the NSEBTM, with grassland degradation being the leading cause of carbon loss amounting to 102.35 t over the past three decades. (3) Under the ecological conservation scenario for 2050 compared to the natural development scenario, there was a net increase in carbon storage by 12.34 t; however, under the economic development scenario compared to the natural development scenario, there was a decrease in carbon storage by 25.88 t. By quantitatively evaluating the land use change in the NSEBTM and its impact on carbon storage in the past and projected for the next 30 years, this paper provides scientific references and precise data support for the territorial and spatial decision making of the NSEBTM, thereby facilitating the achievement of "carbon neutrality" goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, and TB remains a public health concern. Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China. However, molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking. A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns. A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2 (46.0%), 3 (27.5%), and 4 (26.5%). The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid (7.4%, 124/1,668), streptomycin (6.0%, 100/1,668), and rifampicin (3.3%, 55/1,668). The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8% (23/1,290) in the new cases and 9.4% (32/340) in the previously treated cases. Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains, respectively: 18.6% vs. 8.7 or 9%, P < 0.001. The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9% (432/1,668). Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex, age, occupation, lineage, and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission. Despite the low rate of drug resistance, drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains (adjusted odds ratio, 1.414; 95% CI , 1.023–1.954; P = 0.036). Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), 78.4% (171/218) were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains. Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data from the Gurbantunggut Desert, the largest fixed/semi-fixed desert in China, and ERA5-Land reanalysis data, the long-term variations and spatial surface heat source (SHS) differences in the Gurbantunggut Desert are discussed herein. The results show the following: (1) The hourly SHS at the Kelameili station during the 2013–2021 period was a weak heat source at night; contrastingly, it was a strong heat source during the day. The duration of the hourly SHS increased gradually from January to July, but it decreased gradually from July to December. The daily SHS showed obvious seasonal variation, reaching the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter. The ERA5-Land reanalysis can reproduce all the variation characteristics of the SHS well. (2) The climatology (i.e., multi-year mean) of the monthly SHS intensity was lower than 50 W/m2 during the January–March and September–December periods in the Gurbantunggut Desert, indicating a weak heat source. On the other hand, the climatology recorded in April–August was higher than 50 W/m2, with a strong heat source. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the eastern and western regions of the Gurbantunggut Desert show strong heat sources, while the central region shows weak heat sources. The spatial distribution of the first and second modes of the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition reflected the consistent spatial variability and a north–south (or east–west) polarity variation of the monthly SHS in the Gurbantunggut Desert, respectively. (3) The yearly SHS showed negative anomalies during the 1950–1954, 1964–1982 and 2004–2015 periods, and positive anomalies during the 1955–1963, 1983–2003 and 2016–2021 periods in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Additionally, the time series of the SHS anomalies was positively correlated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) index. During the negative IPO phase, the yearly SHS showed a negative anomaly in the Gurbantunggut Desert, while the yearly SHS showed a positive anomaly during the positive IPO phase in most regions of the Gurbantunggut Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassland ecosystems are an important component of global terrestrial ecosystems and play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is important to study the carbon dioxide (CO2) process in the Middle Tien Shan grassland ecosystem, which can be regarded as a typical representative of the mountain grasslands in Xinjiang. Eddy covariance (EC) and the global carbon fluxes dataset (GCFD) were utilized to continuously monitor the Middle Tien Shan grassland ecosystem in Xinjiang throughout the 2018 growing season. The findings revealed notable daily and monthly fluctuations in net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco). On a daily basis, there was net absorption of CO2 during the day and net emission during the night. The grassland acted as a carbon sink from 6:00 to 18:00 and as a carbon source for the remaining hours of the day. On a monthly scale, June and July served as carbon sinks, whereas the other months acted as carbon sources. The accumulated NEE, GPP, and Reco during the growing season were −329.49 g C m−2, 779.04 g C m−2, and 449.55 g C m−2, respectively. On the half-hourly and daily scales, soil temperature (Ts) was the main contributor to CO2 fluxes and had the greatest influence on the variations in CO2 fluxes. Additionally, air temperature (Ta) showed a strong correlation with CO2 fluxes. The grassland ecosystems exhibited the strongest CO2 uptake, reaching its peak at soil temperatures of 25 °C. Moreover, as the air temperatures rose above 15 °C, there was a gradual decrease in NEE, while CO2 uptake increased. The applicability of GCFD data is good in the grassland ecosystem of the Middle Tien Shan Mountains, with correlations of 0.59, 0.81, and 0.73 for NEE, GPP, and Reco, respectively, compared to field observations. In terms of remote sensing spatial distribution, the Middle Tien Shan grassland ecosystem exhibits a carbon sink phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exchange of energy between the land surface and atmosphere is dependent upon crucial parameters, including surface roughness, emissivity, bulk transfer coefficients for momentum (CD) and heat (CH). These parameters are calculated through site observation data and remote sensing data. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the aerodynamic roughness of the Gurbantunggut Desert measures 1.1 × 10−2 m, which is influenced by the varying conditions of the underlying surface. The roughness decreases as wind speed increases and is seen to be directly proportional to the growth of vegetation. From April to June, the aerodynamic roughness increases with increasing vegetation cover, but begins to gradually decrease after July. Spatially, the middle regions show higher roughness values than the eastern and western areas. In the central part of the desert, the roughness is between 2.37 × 10−2 m and 2.46 × 10−2 m from April to November. The northwest and northeast regions measure 1.41 × 10−2 m–2.04 × 10−2 m and 1.53 × 10−2 m–2.39 × 10−2 m, respectively. (2) The surface emissivity is 0.93, and it varies depending on the snow and vegetation present in the underlying area. (3) CD and CH exhibit an inverse relationship with wind speed. When wind speed falls below 6 m/s, the CD declines rapidly as wind speed increases. In contrast, once wind speed surpasses 6 m/s, the propensity for the CD to decrease with increasing wind speed slows down and approaches stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, no consensus exists regarding Sotos syndrome in the Chinese population. Here, we present a case of neonatal Sotos syndrome, followed by a retrospective analysis of five cases of neonatal Sotos syndrome, reported in China. The study subject was a twin premature infant, heavier than gestational age, with characteristic facial features, limb shaking, and hypertonia. Transient hypoglycemia, abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging, multiple nodules in polycystic kidneys and liver, abnormal hearing, patent ductus arteriosus, and an atrial septal defect were also noted. The subject showed overgrowth and developmental retardation at 3 months of age. Sequencing revealed a novel missense mutation, c.5000C>A, in the nuclear receptor binding the SET domain protein 1 gene, resulting in an alanine-to-glutamate substitution. The bioinformatics analysis suggested high pathogenicity at this site. This study provides insights into diagnosis of neonatal Sotos syndrome based on specific phenotypes. Subsequent treatment and follow-up should focus on developmental retardation, epilepsy, and scoliosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate multidrug resistant loop-mediated isothermal amplification (MDR-LAMP) assay for the early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and to compare the mutation patterns associated with the rpoB, katG, and inhA genes at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. MDR-LAMP assay was evaluated using 100 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates obtained from the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis in China. Phenotypic resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin and whole-genome sequencing served as reference standards. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MDR-LAMP were 85.5%, 93.6%, 96.7%, and 74.4% for the detection of resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively, and 80.5%, 92.3%, 98.6%, and 41.4% for the detection of Mtb cultured from smear-positive sputum samples, respectively. When DNA sequencing was used as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MDR-LAMP were 93.1%, 92.3%, 97.2%, and 82.8% for the detection of katG and inhA gene mutations, respectively, and 89.1%, 88.9%, 93.4%, and 81.1% for the detection of rpoB gene mutation, respectively. MDR-LAMP is a rapid and accessible assay for the laboratory identification of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance of Mtb isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Information on the prevalence and resistance spectrum of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in China is mainly based on regional or local data. To estimate the proportion of NTM cases in China, a national survey of NTM pulmonary disease was carried out based on acid-fast positive sputum samples collected in 2013. Methods: Sputum samples collected from enrolled presumptive cases in 72 nationwide tuberculosis surveillance sites from the 31 provinces in the mainland of China were cultured using L-J medium at the National tuberculosis reference laboratory (NTRL). MALDI-TOF MS identified the species of re-cultured strains, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined to evaluate the drug susceptibility of NTM isolates. Data analysis used statistical software SPSS version 22.0 for Windows statistical package. Results: Of 4917 mycobacterial isolates cultured, 6.4% [317/4917, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8%–7.2%] were confirmed as NTM, among which 7.7% (287/3709, 95% CI 6.9%–8.6%) were from the southern region. In inland and coastal China, 87.7% (95% CI 78.7%–93.2%) and 50.0% (95% CI 43.7%–56.3%) of isolates, respectively, were slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM), with the remaining rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM). A total of 29 species were detected, Mycobacterium abscessus had higher clarithromycin-inducible resistance rates than M. massiliense (65.67% vs 2.22%). M. kansasii presented lower resistance rates in linezolid and moxifloxacin than M. avium-intracellulare complex (3.23% vs 66.67%, 0 vs 47.22%) and other SGM (3.23% vs 38%, 0 vs 26%). Conclusions: More NTM pulmonary disease was observed in the south and coastal China (P < 0.01). SGM was widely distributed, and more RGM are present in southern and coastal China (P < 0.01). The antimicrobial resistance spectrum of different NTM species was significantly different and accurate species identification would be facilitated to NTM pulmonary disease treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame oil is popular in China and many other Asian countries due to its pleasant flavor and high nutritional value. Sesame oil essence is often illegally added to other vegetable oils to counterfeit sesame oil. This study aimed to propose a rapid and cost-effective method, which could help to identify the sesame oil and counterfeit sesame oil. For this purpose, the counterfeit samples were prepared by adding essence to inferior oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, corn oil), all oil samples were examined and their Raman spectra served as data for the construction of the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) models and the important variables for distinguishing between authentic and counterfeit sesame oil were selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The results showed that SIMCA is a strong chemometric technique for classification of authentic sesame oils and the types of counterfeit sesame oil samples based on Raman spectra, and a total 100% correct classification rate of sesame oil could be achieved. The methods allowed the identified counterfeit sesame oil in commercial sesame oil samples, opening the door to further research into the counterfeit detection of other liquid foods. • A rapid detection method for counterfeit sesame oil based on Raman spectra was developed. • OPLS-DA was successfully applied for the selection of important variables from Raman spectra. • The model based on the selected variables by SIMCA yielded the perfect results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, using methods of emission coefficient, we measured the total pollutant emissions of livestock manure and rural life, which are important non-point source pollution source in agriculture, in zhejiang province from 1990 to 2009. We investigated the relationship between rural net income and rural environmental quality of zhejiang province with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model. The results shows that there is no significant relationship between rural pollution and per capita net income of rural residents in zhejiang province, which means it doesn’t well agree with EKC curve. Other factors may have a great influence on relationship of them. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Vortex-related data using continuous observations at Kelameili Station in the Gurbantunggut Desert. • The correlation analysis of NEE, GPP, Reco and various environmental factors was carried out. • Assess the carbon sequestration capacity of China's second largest desert and largest fixed semi-fixed desert (Gurbantunggut Desert). • The comparison of carbon source/sink functions in different terrestrial ecosystems provides a reference. • a new direction for finding "carbon failures". Although previous studies have illustrated the variation of CO 2 fluxes in different terrestrial ecosystems, more needs to be reported on desert ecosystems. This study, based on the eddy covariance (EC) measurements data over the Gurbantunggut Desert, analyzed the controlling factors and variations of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco) during the growing season (April-September2021) in Gurbantunggut Desert. The results were as follows: 1) Carbon fluxes in the Gurbantunggut Desert had prominent daily and seasonal variations during the growing season. On the daily scale, it showed a net uptake during the day and a net release at night, and the monthly average daily change curve of NEE was "U" shaped; on the seasonal scale, carbon uptake was observed in all months, with a peak of −37.76 gC m−2 month−1 in May. 2)The cumulative amounts of NEE, GPP, and Reco in the Gurbantunggut Desert were −193.74, 235.43, and 41.69 g C m−2, respectively, throughout the growing season, showing carbon sinks. 3) Correlation analysis with environmental factors revealed that NEE, GPP, and Reco of desert ecosystems were highly significantly correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at different time scales (p < 0.01). Second, at the half-hourly scale, all environmental factors showed vital significance, with a high correlation with air temperature (Tair) and soil temperature (Tsoil); at the monthly scale, they were significantly correlated with Precipitation (p < 0.05). 4) Photosynthetically active radiation is the dominant factor affecting the daily net ecosystem carbon exchange rate. The two are consistent with the rectangle hyperbola model where the daily net ecosystem carbon exchange rate decreases with increasing photosynthetically active radiation. The results indicate that carbon fluxes in the growing season of the Gurbantunggut Desert ecosystem are more sensitive to the response of photosynthetically active radiation. The results have significant reference value for further understanding and research in predicting the source-sink function and influence mechanism of desert ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of algal detritus export on the trophic structure of macrozoobenthic community in the adjacent benthic habitat during the bloom and decline of macroalgae, we collected macrozoobenthos from the adjacent sea area of Dalian Island in the North Yellow Sea in May (the algal bloom period) and August (the algal decay period) of 2020. We quantifyied the seasonal changes in the trophic structure of macrozoobenthic community by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques. Results showed that δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of macrozoo-benthos in May ranged from -23.14‰ to -14.24‰, 6.21‰ to 12.90‰, respectively, and -22.36‰ to -14.13‰, 5.33‰ to 12.00‰, respectively in August. Results of PERMANOVA analysis showed that δ 13 C values of macrozoobenthos differed significantly between the two months, while δ 15 N values were not significantly different. Based on the Euclidean distance, the macrozoobenthic communities in both months could be classified into five trophic functional groups. The trophic levels of macrozoobenthos ranged from 2.00 ( Nitidotellina minuta ) to 3.97 ( Glycera onomichiensis ) in May and from 2.00 ( N. minuta ) to 3.96 ( G. onomichiensis ) in August. The δ 13 C range, δ 15 N range, mean centroid distance, total area and corrected standard ellipse areas which represented community trophic structure indices in August were higher than those in May. Our results indicated that the trophic diversity level and trophic niche width of the macrozoobenthic community in the adjacent sea area of the seaweed bed were higher in the algal decline season.

To investigate the role of NEAT1 and the microRNA (miR)‑377/fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) axis in cervical cancer (CC), the expression levels of NEAT1, FGFR1 and miR‑377 were detected in CC tissues and cell lines. NEAT1 or FGFR1 was knocked down by transfection with short hairpin RNA (sh)‑NEAT1 or sh‑FGFR1, and miR‑377 was overexpressed by transfection with miR‑377 mimics in HeLa and C33A cells. Cell viability and migration were measured using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. A dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the presence of binding sites between miR‑377 and FGFR1. The results revealed that the expression levels of NEAT1 and FGFR1 were significantly elevated, whereas miR‑377 expression was markedly decreased in CC tissues and cell lines. In HeLa and C33A cells, after NEAT1 knockdown, miR‑377 expression was increased, cell viability and migration were inhibited, and apoptosis was induced. Similarly, silencing FGFR1 inhibited cell viability and migration, and induced apoptosis of HeLa and C33A cells. A dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified a targeting relationship between NEAT1 and miR‑377. Inhibition of miR‑377 or overexpression of FGFR1 reversed the effects of NEAT1 knockdown on cell function in HeLa and C33A cells. Moreover, a dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FGFR1 was a direct target of miR‑377. In conclusion, suppression of NEAT1 inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted apoptosis of CC cells, and these effects were achieved through regulation of the miR‑377/FGFR1 axis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive factors of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and BRAF V600E mutation in Chinese patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)., Methods: A total of 943 PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2014 to 2016 at our hospital were enrolled. Those patients were divided into PTC > 10 mm and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) groups by tumor size. The BRAF V600E mutation was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine risk factors associated with CLNM and the BRAF V600E mutation., Results: The frequency of CLNM was 53% (505/943). Both univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that the risk factors for CLNM in PTC patients were male, younger age, and larger tumor size (P < 0.05). Coexistent Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) was an independent protective factor against CLNM when the tumor was > 10 mm (P = 0.006). Stratified analysis revealed that male, age ≤ 30 years, and tumor size > 5 mm were independent risk factors for CLNM. The BRAF V600E mutation rate was 85%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001) and coexistent HT (P = 0.005) were independent predictive factors of BRAF V600E mutation in PTC patients. Only age was a risk factor for the BRAF V600E mutation when the tumor was > 10 mm (P = 0.004). In the PTMC group, the BRAF V600E mutation was significantly correlated with tumor size (P < 0.001) and coexistent HT (P = 0.03). Stratified analysis revealed that age > 30 years and tumor size > 5 mm were independent predictive factors of BRAF V600E mutation. Furthermore, the incidence of CLNM was significantly higher in BRAF V600E mutation-positive patients (P = 0.009) when the tumor was ≤ 5 mm., Conclusion: The factors male, younger age (≤ 30 years), large tumor size (> 5 mm), and coexistent HT are independent predicative factors for CLNM. The BRAF V600E mutation is associated with both large size and without HT in PTMC patients, age > 30 years in the PTC > 10 mm group. The BRAF V600E mutation was an independent risk factor for CLNM when the tumor was ≤ 5 mm. For optimal management, these features should be comprehensively evaluated to determine the initial surgical approach for PTC patients., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Combining organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer may affect the microbial processes related to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions under different degrees of soil salinization. A mild saline soil (S 1 ; electrical conductivity (EC) 0.46 dS·m -1 ) and moderate saline soil (S 2 ; EC 1.07 dS·m -1 ) in the Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia were selected. Under equal N rates, the study involved five treatments:U 1 (240 kg·hm -2 of chemical fertilizer), U 3 O 1 (180 kg·hm -2 of chemical fertilizer+60 kg·hm -2 of organic fertilizer), U 1 O 1 (120 kg·hm -2 of chemical fertilizer+120 kg·hm -2 of organic fertilizer), U 1 O 3 (60 kg·hm -2 of chemical fertilizer+180 kg·hm -2 of organic fertilizer), and O 1 (240 kg·hm -2 of organic fertilizer). In addition, a blank control treatment (CK) was employed to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the N 2 O emissions from the two saline soils. The results showed that the total N 2 O emissions from the S 2 soil in the same treatment were between 11.86% and 47.23% higher than those from the S 1 soil ( P <0.05). the dynamic trend of the soil N 2 O fluxes among the different treatments were similar. The peak N 2 O emissions occurred after fertilization, and the N 2 O cumulative emission fluxes accounted for nearly 60% of the emissions during the entire growth period. The proper application of organic fertilizer could significantly reduce the soil N 2 O emission; the S 1 and S 2 saline soils treated with U 1 O 1 and O 1 , respectively, had the lowest N 2 O emissions, whereby there were significant reductions of 33.62% and 28.51% in comparison to the U 1 treatment ( P <0.05). Moreover, higher maize yields could be obtained and the N 2 O flux was significantly positively correlated with the NH 4 + -N content ( P <0.01) but negatively correlated with the NO 3 - -N content. The results demonstrated that nitrification was the main way to produce N 2 O in the studied salinized maize farmland, and that the addition of organic fertilizer could reduce the N 2 O production by decreasing the soil NH 4 + -N content. Based on the changes in the corn yield and a reduction in the greenhouse effect, suitable organic and inorganic fertilizer management models for the Hetao irrigation area were the mild saline soil:120 kg·hm -2 of urea +120 kg·hm -2 of organic fertilizer), and the moderate saline soil:240 kg·hm -2 of organic fertilizer.

BACKGROUND TaohongSiwu decoction (THSWT), a traditional herbal formula, has been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as essential hypertension (EH) in China. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. To investigate the mechanisms of THSWT in the treatment of EH, we performed compounds, targets prediction and network analysis using a network pharmacology method. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected chemical constituents and targets of THSWT according to TCMSP and UniProtKB databases and collected therapeutic targets on EH from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Drugbank and DisGeNET databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed by using String database. Then network was constructed by using Cytoscape&#95;v3.7.1, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment was performed by using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. RESULTS The results of our network pharmacology research showed that the THSWT, composed of 6 Chinese herbs, contained 15 compounds, and 23 genes regulated the main signaling pathways related to EH. Moreover, the PPI network based on targets of THSWT on EH revealed the interaction relationship between targets. These core compounds were 6 of the 15 disease-related compounds in the network, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, Myricanone, beta-sitosterol, baicalein, and the core genes contained ADRB2, CALM1, HMOX1, JUN, PPARG, and VEGFA, which were regulated by more than 3 compounds and significantly associated with Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This network pharmacological study can reveal potential mechanisms of multi-target and multi-component THSWT in the treatment of EH, provide a scientific basis for studying the mechanism.

Introduction: The AP4B1 gene encodes a subunit of adaptor protein complex-4 (AP4), a component of intracellular transportation of proteins which plays important roles in neurons. Bi-allelic mutations in AP4B1 cause autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia-47(SPG47)., Case Presentation: Here we present a Chinese patient with spastic tetraplegia, moderate psychomotor development delay and febrile seizures plus. Brain MRIs showed dilated supratentorial ventricle, thin posterior and splenium part of corpus callosum. The patient had little progress through medical treatments and rehabilitating regimens. Whole exome sequencing identified novel compound heterozygous truncating variants c.1207C > T (p.Gln403*) and c.52&#95;53delAC (p.Cys18Glnfs*7) in AP4B1 gene. Causal mutations in AP4B1 have been reported in 29 individuals from 22 families so far, most of which are homozygous mutations., Conclusions: Our study enriched the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of SPG47. Early discovery, diagnosis and proper treatment on the conditions generally increase chances of improvement on the quality of life for patients.

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic and frequently detected monocyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, which poses a great threat to the natural ecosystem and public health. It is very important to seek environment-friendly and cost-efficient methods to remove MC-LR in water. In this study, the MC-degrading capacities of a novel indigenous bacterial community designated as YFMCD4 and the influence of environmental factors including various temperatures, MC concentrations and pH on the MC-degrading activities were investigated utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the MC-degrading mechanism of YFMCD4 was also studied using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization interface (HPLC-ESI-MS). The data showed MC-LR was completely removed at the maximum rate of 0.5 µg/(mL·h) under the optimal condition by YFMCD4. Two pure bacterial strains Alcaligenes faecalis and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiohila were isolated from YFMCD4 degraded MC-LR at a slower rate. The MC-degrading rates of YFMCD4 were significantly affected by different temperatures, pH and MC-LR concentrations. Two intermediates of a tetrapeptide and Adda appeared in the degradation process. These results illustrate that the novel YFMCD4 is one of the highest effective MC-degrading bacterial community, which can completely remove MC-LR and possesses a significant potential to treat water bodies contaminated by MC-LR.