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Background: At present, a number of systematic reviews (SRs) on Xuebijing injection (a patent in China) in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have been published. However, the quality of evidence is uneven and has not been comprehensively evaluated. Aim: We evaluated the efficacy of Xuebijing injection for AP/SAP through an overview of SR, and to provide a scientific basis for its effectiveness and safety. Methods: We searched Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP comprehensively. The retrieval period from inception to 30 November 2021, and the two reviewers independently complete the literature retrieval, data extraction and evaluation. The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) were used to evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of the SRs, respectively. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to evaluate the quality grading of outcomes and the risk of bias in SRs was evaluated by ROBIS Tool. Finally, the RCTs involved in SRs were synthesized. Stata15.1 was used for quantitative analysis of total effectiveness rate, time until relief of abdominal pain, time until relief of abdominal distension, and serum amylase level. Results: Nine eligible SRs were included, including 92 RCTs and 6,837 participants. The quality of SRs was relatively good, and the manuscript structures were relatively complete. However, the methodological quality of SRs was low or critically low. RoB rated 5 SRs as low risk of bias and 4 SRs as high risk of bias. In GRADE, a total of 47 results were included in the 9 SRs, of which 5 results (10.64%) were moderate quality, 22 results (46.81%) were low quality, and 20 results (42.55%) were very low quality. The results of data synthesis showed that Xuebijing injection combined treatment increased the total effectiveness rate of AP patients (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.17-1.23, p < 0.0001), and there was no heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.589). Compared with the control group, Xuebijing injection group shortened the abdominal pain and distension relief time in AP patients (WMD = -1.69, 95% CI -1.88--1.50, p < 0.0001; WMD = -1.48, 95% CI -1.74--1.23, p < 0.0001), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 84.3%, p = 0.000; I2 = 72.2%, p = 0.000). Serum amylase level was also reduced (WMD = -2.06, 95% CI -2.47--1.64, p < 0.0001), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 71.6%, p = 0.000). A total of one SR reported adverse drug reaction (ADR), no ADRs were observed in the control group. Conclusion: Although the quality of the evidence is not high, it can still reflect the clinical value of Xuebijing injection as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of AP/SAP. Therefore, future clinical studies should focus on the long-term efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospice nurses may devote more emotional labor during the empathy process with patients, and this empathy can be used as a form of psychological behavior of emotional labor in the hospice care model. The aim of this study was to analyze hospice nurses' empathy characteristics in the context of emotional labor theory, and explore the impact of empathy on patient care. Methods: We conducted semi-participant observations from three hospitals and multicenter in-depth interviews with n = 26 hospice nurses from eight cities. Interviews were transcribed, and directed content analysis was applied. Results: Two categories with four sub-categories were extracted from the data analysis. Category 1 described the "empathic labor" process which covers cognitive empathy (including empathic imagination, empathic consideration, and empathic perception) and affective empathy (including natural empathy, surface empathy, and deep empathy). The second category concerns the outcome of nurses' "empathic labor" which incorporates both positive and negative effects. Conclusions: The findings indicated that hospice nurses' empathy process should be understood as emotional labor. Nursing managers should pay more attention to raising the ability of deep empathy with hospice nurses, and explore more sufficient active empowerment strategies to alleviate the negative impact of empathy on nurses and to strengthen nurses' deep empathy with terminal ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sweetgum inscriber (SI) Acanthotomicus suncei Cognato is an emerging bark beetle pest that seriously damages American sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua) and Chinese sweetgum trees (L. formosana) in China. Since 2013, SI has killed more than 30,000 sweetgum trees in Shanghai and adjacent areas. In Shanghai, SI was observed to emerge from infested wood between April–September and exhibited two generations per year. Both the flying populations and those in colonized logs were female‐biased. After the parental adult initiates a gallery, the emergence of new adults required 73.4 ± 0.7 days at 30°C and 163.5 ± 0.9 days at 20°C. SI could not sustain population development at constant temperatures ≤15°C. The fungi Geosmithia spp. and Phaeoacremonium tuscanum were common associates of SI. The results suggest that SI has a long flight period, and its development is sensitive to low temperatures. Fungi associated with SI were not pathogenic to American sweetgum trees, but their presence may indirectly increase the probability of tree mortality. Our findings contribute to the prevention and control of this important emerging bark beetle pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine whether there have been any changes in the causes and management of urethral strictures in China. Patients and Methods The data from 4 764 men with urethral stricture disease who underwent treatment at 13 medical centres in China between 2005 and 2010 were retrospectively collected. The databases were analysed for the possible causes, site and treatment techniques for the urethral stricture, as well as for changes in the causes and management of urethral strictures. Results The most common cause of urethral strictures was trauma, which occurred in 2 466 patients (51.76%). The second most common cause was iatrogenic injures, which occurred in 1 643 patients (34.49%). The most common techniques to treat urethral strictures were endourological surgery (1 740, 36.52%), anastomotic urethroplasty (1 498, 31.44%) and substitution urethroplasty (1 039, 21.81%). A comparison between the first 3 years and the last 3 years showed that the constituent ratio of endourological surgery decreased from 54% to 32.75%, whereas the constituent ratios of anastomotic urethroplasty and substitution urethroplasty increased from 26.73% and 19.18% to 39.93% and 27.32%, respectively ( P < 0.05). Conclusions During recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of urethral strictures caused by trauma and iatrogenic injury. Endourological urethral surgery rates decreased significantly, and open urethroplasty rates increased significantly during the last 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: The rivers and lakes are not only important parts of the wetland, but the main agricultural irrigation water and important freshwater resources. The changes of the rivers and lakes have heavy effect on the environment and economy. Taking Zhuhai City as the study area, selecting the rivers and lakes as research object, using the Landsat5 TM data in 1995, Landsat7 ETM+data in 2002, CBERS-02B CCD and HR data in 2009 as the main information source, this paper makes an remote sensing interpreation using the combined method of the supervised classification, non-supervised classification, man-computer interactive interpretation and rule-decision classification. Thus, the thematic information of the rivers and lakes are extracted at the three phases in Zhuhai City; then the spatial distribution pattern and dynamic change rules of the rivers and lakes in Zhuhai City are monitored; finally, the driving force of these changes are analyzed. The results show: the area of the rivers increased 6% from 1995 to 2009; but to the lakes, decreased 58%. The increase of the rivers area is because reclamation projects cause the big change of the sea-land position; whereas the decrease of the lakes area is due to the factors such as the warming climate and increasing populaiton. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Rock mass characterization is one of the most basic and important tasks in rock mechanics and engineering. Literature review indicates that although there are many publications available on weathered rocks, there are few reports in English on weathered argillaceous limestone rocks and their chemical and mechanical properties. This paper presents a case study of characterizing a group of highly weathered thick argillaceous limestone rocks. Most importantly, they can be easily and quickly decomposed into soils after they are exposed due to excavation. Consequently, they would substantially lose their mechanical strengths. Geohazards such as landslides and sinkholes could occur in uncovered highly weathered argillaceous limestone rocks. The problematic weathered rocks were found during the development of a new town in upper mountains above the Three Gorges Reservoir on Yangtze River in Central China in the past 20 years. The factual data are presented on the changes of chemical compositions and mechanical properties of the weathered argillaceous limestone rocks due to chemical weathering. Some empirical correlations are given to quantify the changes in their uniaxial compressive strength and deformation moduli in terms of their contents of calcium carbonate. The data and findings presented in the paper can be useful to future urban development in geologically poor mountainous environments occupied by highly weathered argillaceous limestone rocks in the world. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the environmental changes and the increases of anthropogenic disturbance, the area and degree of salinization in saline-alkaline lands of Songnen Plain have been increasing with an unprecedented rate. In this study, the effects of restoration of natural vegetation, Leymus chinensis , Avena sativa and Medicago sativa, on the enzymatic activities and thermomechanical characteristics of enzyme catalyzed reaction of two oxidoreductases (catalase, polyphenol oxidase) and three hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, urease) were investigated in heavily saline-alkaline soils from western Songnen Plain. The results showed that the activities of those five soil enzyme as well as the activation free energy (Δ G ) increased with increasing temperature, reaching respective maximum at 40 and 45 ℃. The activation enthalpy (Δ H ) and entropy (Δ S ) of soil enzyme did not change with increasing temperature. The temperature coefficient ( Q 10 ) slightly changed and ranged from 1.05 to 1.36 by every 10 ℃ enhancement of temperature. Compared with the bare land, catalase activity increased in natural vegetation and L. chinensis rehabilitated land, but decreased in A. sativa and M. sativa remediation land. The change of Δ G of catalase showed a contrary trend with that of enzyme activities, while Δ H and Δ S increased in the restoration areas of L. chinensis and A. sativa , and decreased in the restoration of natural vegetation and M. Sativa . The activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased or remained unchanged in all restoration sites, and Δ H and Δ S decreased in natural vegetation and L. chinensis restoration sites, while remained unchanged in A. sativa and M. sativa restoration sites. Δ G of polyphenol oxidase reached the maximum at 40 ℃ in each restoration site and decreased or remained unchanged at other temperatures. The activities of three hydrolytic enzymes increased in each restoration site compared with the bare land, and the Δ G of the enzymes decreased or remained unchanged in each repaired area, while Δ H and Δ S varied greatly among the restoration sites. Taken together, significant responses of soil enzyme activity and their thermodynamic characteristics to temperature change and vegetation restoration were detected, which would provide better understanding for the restoration of heavily salinized soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, orange-coloured bacterium, designated YR1-1 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from the Yellow River Delta wetlands (PR China). Growth was observed at a salinity of 1.0-15.0 % NaCl, 4-45 °C and pH 6.0-9.0. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that YR1-1 T represented a member of the genus Psychroflexus , with the highest sequence similarity to Psychroflexus sediminis YIM-C238 T (97.9 %), followed by Psychroflexus aestuariivivens (97.1 %) and Psychroflexus torquis (96.4 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between YR1-1 T and other closely related type strains of species of the genus Psychroflexus were 68.7-86.3% and 17.8-30.9 %. The genome of the strain was 2 899 374 bp in length with 39.8 % DNA G+C content. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that YR1-1 T represents a novel species within the genus Psychroflexus , for which the name Psychroflexus aurantiacus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YR1-1 T (=KCTC 72794 T =CGMCC 1.17458 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CWB-1 T , was isolated from a haloalkaline lake sediment sample collected from the bottom of Chaiwopu Lake, Urumchi, Xinjiang Province, PR China. Strain CWB-1 T grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30-35 °C), pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and with 0.5-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5-3.0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the whole genome sequence both revealed that strain CWB-1 T belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae . The strain had the highest similarity of the 16S rRNA gene sequence to Psychroserpens jangbogonensis PAMC 27130 T (92.8 %). The genome of strain CWB-1 T was 3 548 011 bp long with 36.3 % DNA G+C content. The predominant fatty acids (>10 %) in the CWB-1 T cells were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 1 (iso-C 15 : 1  H/C 13 : 0 3-OH). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, as well as the phenotypic characteristics, a novel genus and species of the family Flavobacteriaceae , Paucihalobacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is CWB-1 T (=KCTC 72450 T =CGMCC 1.17149 T ).

Strain SDU3-2 T was isolated from a soil sample collected in Shandong Province, PR China. Cells of SDU3-2 T were spherical, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and non-motile. Cellular growth of the strain occurred at 25-45 °C, pH 5.5-8.5 and with 0-1.5 % (w/v) of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SDU3-2 T was closest to the type strain Deinococcus murrayi ALT-1b T with a similarity of 95.2 %. The draft genome was 3.49 Mbp long with 69.2 mol% G+C content. Strain SDU3-2 T exhibited high resistance to gamma radiation (D 10 >12 kGy) and UV (D 10 >900 J m -2 ). The strain encoded many genes for resistance to radiation and oxidative stress, which were highly conserved with other Deinococcus species, but possessed interspecific properties. The major fatty acids of SDU3-2 T cells were C 15 : 1  ω 6 c , C 16 : 1  ω 7 c /C 16 : 1  ω 6 c , and C 17 : 1  ω 8 c , the major menaquinone was menaquinone-8, and the major polar lipids were an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, four unidentified glycolipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization results further indicated that strain SDU3-2 T represents a new species in the genus Deinococcus , for which the name Deinococcus terrestris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SDU3-2 T (=CGMCC 1.17147 T =KCTC 43098 T ).

A pale yellow bacterial strain, designated SDU1-6 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected in the Jinan campus of Shandong University, Shandong Province, PR China. The strain was aerobic, motile, Gram-stain-negative and rod-shaped. Cellular growth occurred at 13-37 °C, pH 5.0-10.0 and with 0-0.1 % (w/v) NaCl, and the optimal growth was at 25 °C and pH 7.5. SDU1-6 T had the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity of 95.42 % with Chryseolinea serpens DSM 24574 T . The genome was 6 542 746 bp in length with 43.5 mol% DNA G+C content. The major fatty acids of SDU1-6 T were C16 : 1ω5 and iso-C15 : 0, the major menaquinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence and the 16S rRNA gene sequence, SDU1-6 T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseolinea, for which the name Chryseolineaflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SDU1-6 T (=CGMCC 1.13492 T =JCM 32520 T ).

Although many molecular ecological surveys have been conducted, there is little concerning the details of specific bacterial groups, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the microorganismal composition and community structures in the environment. Myxobacteria are micropredators that are metabolically active in the soil microbial food web and have typically been considered minority components of soil bacterial communities. In this study, we surveyed the percentage of myxobacteria in a single soil sample via pyrosequencing on combined universal libraries of the V3-V4 and V6-V8 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Surprisingly, myxobacteria accounted for 4.10% of the bacterial community and 7.5% of the total operational taxonomic units at the 3% similarity level in the soil, containing almost all of the cultivated myxobacterial families or genera. To testify the appearance of myxobacteria in soil niches, we retrieved myxobacteria-related 16S rRNA gene sequences of 103 high-throughput sequencing data sets obtained from public databases. The results indicated that myxobacteria-related sequences were among the predominant groups in these data sets accounting for 0.4-4.5% of bacterial communities. The abundance of myxobacterial communities were correlated with site temperature, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and pH values. Based on these results, we discussed the survival strategies of myxobacterial community in soil., (© 2013 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Since the spring of 2008, an epidemic of urinary tract stones was noted among children in China. This is believed to be associated with consumption melamine-contaminated powdered formula. A few patients presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) due to bilateral renal or ureteral calculi requiring surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction. We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data, ultrasonograms and treatment methods in children with melamine-induced urolithiasis and AKI who were hospitalized at seven hospitals from September to November 2008 in Gansu Province, China. Treatment given included conservative treatment, cystoscopic or urethroscopic lithotripsy, retrograde ureteral catheterization, ureterolithotomy and nephrostomy. Patients were monitored postoperatively with data of ultrasonography, urinalysis and blood and urine biochemistry. The mean age of the 47 children was 10 months (mean ± SD, 10.83 ± 5.11 months). Thirty-four (72.34%) were male. Calculi size ranged from 3 to 14 mm in diameter. Nine patients (19.15%) were successfully treated with conservative treatment; 32 (68.09%) underwent retrograde ureteral catheterization and eight had simultaneous cystoscopic or urethroscopic stone removal; four were successfully treated with ureterolithotomy, and 1 underwent percutaneous nephrostomy. Thirty-eight patients were followed up for a mean ± SD of 18.50 ± 5.27 months and their renal functions were found to have completely recovered. Five (13.16%) cases had residual renal stones with diameter ranging from 2 to 4 mm. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that melamine-induced urolithiasis could lead to AKI. Removing obstruction promptly by surgical intervention has been found to be effective with satisfactory outcomes observed at mean follow-up period of 18-month. However, residual renal stone remained in 13.16% of the cases which required continued close observation.

Based on the data of bottom trawl surveys in the vicinity of Pearl River estuary in August (summer), October (autumn), December (winter) 2006, and April (spring) 2007, the faunal characteristics and distribution pattern of crustaceans were analyzed. A total of 54 species belonging to 25 genera, 17 families, and 2 orders were collected, including 22 species of shrimps, 22 species of crabs, and 10 species of squills. Most of the crustaceans were tropical-subtropical warm-water species, a few of them were eurythermal species, and no warm-water and cold-water species occurred. Euryhaline species were most abundant, followed by halophile species, and the low-salinity species were the least. Most of the crustacean species belonged to the fauna of Indian Ocean-western Pacific Ocean. The faunal assemblages were closer to those of the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, Indonesia Sea, and the Japan Sea, and estranger with those of the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, and Korea Sea. The dominant species were Metapenaeus joyner, Oratosquilla oratoria, Charybdis miles, Portunus sanguinolentus, Harpiosquilla harpax, Charybdis feriatus, Charybdis japonica, Oratosquilla nepa, Solenocera crassicornis, Portunus trituberculatus, and Calappa philargius. The crustaceans had the largest species number (33) in autumn and the least one (26) in spring, and the highest stock density at the water depth of < 40 m, especially at 10-20 m. The average stock density of the crustaceans was estimated to be 99.60 kg x km(-2), with the highest (198.93 kg x km(-2)) in summer and the lowest (42.35 kg x km(-2)) in spring. Of the 3 species groups, crabs had the highest stock density (41.81 kg x km(-2)), followed by shrimps (38.91 kg x km(-2)), and squills (18.88 kg x km(-2)). The stock densities of the 3 species groups showed an obvious seasonal variation. Shrimps had the highest stock density (120.32 kg x km(-2)) in summer and the lowest density (0.67 kg x km(-2)) in spring, while crabs and squills had the highest density (62.01 and 29.49 kg x km(-2), respectively) in winter and the lowest density (24.64 and 6.30 kg x km(-2), respectively) in autumn.

Adopting the definition suggested by the United Nations, a risk model for regional debris flow assessment is presented. Risk is defined as the product of hazard and vulnerability, both of which are necessary for evaluation. A Multiple-Factor Composite Assessment Model is developed for quantifying regional debris flow hazard by taking into account eight variables that contribute to debris flow magnitude and its frequency of occurrence. Vulnerability is a measure of the potential total losses. On a regional scale, it can be measured by the fixed asset, gross domestic product, land resources, population density, as well as the age, education, and wealth of the inhabitants. A nonlinear power-function assessment model that accounts for these indexes is developed. As a case study, the model is applied to compute the hazard, vulnerability and risk for each prefecture of the Yunnan province in southwestern China.