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The objective of this research is to consider the possible relationship between academic performance and university students' beliefs about Mathematics, particularly in the subject of Integral Calculus. The methodology employed is quantitative, descriptive and correlational, based on a non-experimental design. The instrument used for the collection of information was based on a structured questionnaire of questions with Likert scale type answers, whose validity and reliability were studied, applied to 30 Mechanical Engineering students of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia, selected by non-probabilistic sampling. For academic performance, the grades of the first pre-test (corresponding to 23.33 % of the final grade of the subject) of Integral Calculus were used. The results strengthen the conclusion that beliefs about Mathematics, from the students' perspective, are related to their academic performance in this area.

The professional training processes within the undergraduate programs must be mediated by qualified teachers, with a broad theoretical background and significant recognition. These statements are the basis of this research article that aims to understand the stories of tutors who accompany the pedagogical practices of teachers in training at a public university in Norte de Santander -- Colombia. The methodological approach is oriented from the qualitative-interpretative paradigm using focus groups as a data collection technique. The conclusions of the study show that teachers who assume the monitoring and mediation of practices within the degree programs must be directly linked to the current context of the educational system in which they perform their work activity, given that in it they can be in constant assertive feedback regarding the teaching role, which can be observed in the practice classrooms of trainee teachers.

Combining the face-to-face and virtual modality in a hybrid environment is a didactic strategy that currently provides the development of knowledge and skills in educational institutions at all levels, allowing the creation of educational environments without space and time restrictions. The objective was to describe the use by teachers in the implementation of a virtual platform and ICT tools under a hybrid environment in the process of teaching and learning science in secondary education after the return to school due to the pandemic. It was developed under a quantitative, descriptive and field design approach. The sample consisted of 32 teachers who teach science in middle school, using a semistructured questionnaire as a data collection technique. It was verified that after the pandemic, some teachers returned to their traditional practices and did not continue with the use of ICT devices, such as the virtual platform to support the teaching and learning processes of students in natural sciences, which does not favor the construction of hybrid learning environments, so it is necessary to work on a digital culture aimed mainly at teachers, since the use of ICT alone does not make a difference, but needs the teacher in terms of curricular organization and its mediation to promote science learning.

The purpose of the research was to identify the perceptions and attitudes of university students in the main border and receiving city of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, to validate the tendency registered in several studies and surveys where discriminatory and xenophobic practices were evident. Through an instrument made up of 35 questions and applied to 216 young people between 16 and 28 years of age, it can be concluded that despite the information they receive from the media, university students understand that the decision to migrate was motivated by adverse situations that Venezuelan people face in their country, putting their survival at risk. This opens the possibility of designing and implementing strategies that promote economic integration, but also cultural integration, based on diversity, respect as a value and recognition of the other not only from the media scenario but also from the communicative action itself.

A bibliometric analysis was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the management variable in the quality of education in Latin America. The purpose of the analysis proposed in this document is to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2016-2021 in Latin American countries, achieving the identification of 1183 publications in total. The information provided by said platform was organized by means of tables and figures categorizing the information by year of publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, a qualitative analysis was used to refer to the position of different authors on the proposed topic. Among the main findings of this research, it is found that Brazil, with 589 publications, is the Latin American country with the highest production. The area of knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study of management in the quality of education was Medicine with 538 published documents, and the type of publication that was most used during the period mentioned above was the journal article, representing 71% of the total scientific production.

Purpose: To evaluate the real-life safety, morphological, and visual outcomes of the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) in patients with macular edema (ME) within a low-middle-income country (LMIC) setting. Methods: Patients with ME who received Ozurdex injections between 2012 and 2018 were included. Central retinal thickness (CRT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), lens status, and intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline and last follow-up were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors associated with visual improvement. Results: 154 patients were enrolled. Diabetic ME was the most common etiology (32.4%), followed by central retinal vein occlusion (18.8%), branch retinal vein occlusion (14.2%), and uveitis (9.99%). CRT was significantly reduced in all patients except those with uveitis but did not correlate with BCVA improvement. Lower baseline visual acuity (OR=1.67), younger age (OR=1.87), and ME secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (OR=1.34) were associated with BCVA improvement (p < 0.05). During follow-up, 11 patients (7.14%) developed cataracts, and 22 (14.2%) showed increased IOP; these complications resolved without affecting final BCVA improvement. Conclusion: In an LMIC setting, Ozurdex effectively reduces CRT in diabetic and retinal vein occlusion-related ME but not in uveitis. BCVA improvement depends on factors beyond CRT reduction. Cataracts and elevated IOP are manageable complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Reproductive Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new species of characid with remarkable sexual characteristics is described from the upper Guayabero River drainage from the Orinoco basin in Colombia. The new species is included in the genus Monotocheirodon by sharing most of the previously proposed diagnostic features of this genus. It differs from all Stevardiinae by the combination, in adult males, of an enlarged urogenital papilla in contact with the first anal‐fin unbranched ray and a highly modified anal fin with enlarged and distally elongated first and second branched anal‐fin rays, forming a gonopodium‐like structure. In addition, it differs from congeners by the presence of an adipose fin, an incomplete lateral line, an ascending process of the premaxilla dorsally oriented, and a long snout. The new species was discovered from a poorly sampled region in Colombia and is an unexpected new record given its disjunct geographic distribution from other species of the genus. Monotocheirodon species were previously known from piedmont drainages in Bolivia and Peru. The conservation status of the new species is herein categorized following IUCN criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To provide information about which pneumococcal vaccine could have greater coverage in Colombia. This is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) between 2015 and 2019 in Bogotá, Colombia. We compared the theoretical serotype coverage of the available anti-pneumococcal vaccines (i.e., PCV-10, PCV-10 SII, PCV-13, PCV-15, PCV-20, PCV-21, PCV24, PPSV-23) and the non-vaccine-covered serotypes stratified by age. 690 IPD cases were included. In children ≤5 y/o, of the approved vaccines PCV-20 showed the most theoretical protection (71.3 % [149/209]), while in adults aged 18–64 y/o was PCV-20 (61.8 % [164/265]), and in those ≥65 y/o was PPSV-23 (58.1 % [100/172]) followed by PCV-20 (55.2 % [95/172]). The non-covered serotypes represented one-third of the cohort (33.9 % [234/690]), being 6C (20.5 % [48/234]), 15A (12.8 % [30/234]), and 23A (11.5 % [27/234]) the most prevalent. Introducing PCV-20 for children and PCV-20 along with a PPSV-23 booster in adults may reduce IPD frequency in all ages in Colombia. The inclusion of non-covered serotypes is required for future vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Colombia is higher than the worldwide average. The identification of socio-geographical disparities might help to prioritize public health interventions. Aim: To describe variation in the probability of teenage maternity across geopolitical departments and socio-geographical intersectional strata in Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on live birth certificates in Colombia. Teenage maternity was defined as a woman giving birth aged 19 or younger. Multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) was applied using multilevel Poisson and logistic regression. Two different approaches were used: (1) intersectional: using strata defined by the combination of health insurance, region, area of residency, and ethnicity as the second level (2) geographical: using geopolitical departments as the second level. Null, partial, and full models were obtained. General contextual effect (GCE) based on the variance partition coefficient (VPC) was considered as the measure of disparity. Proportional change in variance (PCV) was used to identify the contribution of each variable to the between-strata variation and to identify whether this variation, if any, was due to additive or interaction effects. Residuals were used to identify strata with potential higher-order interactions. Results: The prevalence of teenage mothers in Colombia was 18.30% (95% CI 18.20–18.40). The highest prevalence was observed in Vichada, 25.65% (95% CI: 23.71–27.78), and in the stratum containing mothers with Subsidized/Unaffiliated healthcare insurance, Mestizo, Rural area in the Caribbean region, 29.08% (95% CI 28.55–29.61). The VPC from the null model was 1.70% and 9.16% using the geographical and socio-geographical intersectional approaches, respectively. The higher PCV for the intersectional model was attributed to health insurance. Positive and negative interactions of effects were observed. Conclusion: Disparities were observed between intersectional socio-geographical strata but not between geo-political departments. Our results indicate that if resources for prevention are limited, using an intersectional socio-geographical approach would be more effective than focusing on geopolitical departments especially when focusing resources on those groups which show the highest prevalence. MAIHDA could potentially be applied to many other health outcomes where resource decisions must be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blueberry, a deciduous shrub in the Ericaceae family, is celebrated for its delightful flavor, sweetness, and abundance of anthocyanins and antioxidants, qualities that have garnered significant attention for their potential health benefits. Blueberries grown in diverse environments and exhibit varied anthocyanin profiles, often influenced by factors such as altitude and climate. Varietal groups worldwide have been bred and categorized based on their growth habits and specific cold requirements, particularly with southern highbush cultivars thriving in temperate climates, demonstrating tolerance to higher altitudes or cooler climates—a result of hybridizations involving various Vaccinium species. In the Colombian Andes, southern highbush blueberries thrive in unique high-altitude conditions, leading to exceptional quality due to the region's cool climate and specific soil characteristics. In this context, this study aimed to chemically characterize and differentiate three southern highbush blueberry cultivars (i.e., 'Biloxi,' 'Legacy' and 'Sharpblue') cultivated in a Colombian Andean plateau and compare them to three commercially available highbush blueberries. This comprehensive evaluation involved examining total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin content, and DPPH· free-radical scavenging capacity, as well as conducting anthocyanin-targeted profiling via HPLC-DAD-HRMS. Through supervised multivariate analyses such as sPLS-DA, this study delved into the pattern recognition of those anthocyanins that could potentially serve as markers for quality and cultivar-related chemical trait determination. These findings locate blueberry-derived anthocyanins in a metabolic context and afford some insights into southern highbush blueberry cultivar differentiation to be used for further purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review indicates that age is a variable related to the students' affect toward mathematics in such a way that the older they are, the less affection they feel for mathematics. In the case of the Department of Norte de Santander, the administration is going to carry out an educational programfor 2050, whose aimis to make this region a science, technology, engineering, arts, mathematics (STEAM) territory, for which it is necessary for students, regardless of the grade, to reach optimum levels in the management of mathematical competencies. Therefore, having a picture of the department's situation in this respect is relevant. To this end, this research aims to apply a quantitative and descriptive methodology on the affective domain and achievement in mathematics to determine whether these vary with the students' grade level. A non-probabilistic sample of 2,729 students from fourth to eleventh grades (9 to 18 years old) from 13 educational institutions in a region of northwestern Colombia was used. The instrument used characterized the affective domain toward mathematics (attitudes, beliefs, and emotions) and math achievement, taking grade as the independent variable. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out to depict the affective domain toward mathematics in relation to grade level, considering whether students like the subject and achievement as factors. The results allow us to identify that for beliefs and attitudes, the favorable values are located toward the positive axis of the abscissae, contrary to what is found for emotions. It is noteworthy that students in the lowest grade, fourth grade, show positive beliefs, attitudes, and emotions toward mathematics as well as high achievement, while those in the last grade, eleventh grade, show low values of the three components, besides low performance. This situation is worrying as mathematical knowledge is integral to everyday life and is necessary for citizens in the development of any profession. For this reason, relevant administration should take this into consideration when developing the STEAM program in order to promote an improvement in mathematical performance by supporting students in developing their affect toward mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the evolving global food landscape and its detrimental impacts on society, the environment, and health, this research aims to understand consumer perceptions, preferences and involvement regarding sustainable food products and consumption practices. To this aim, three countries were chosen for their distinct economic, cultural, and demographic differences (Spain, Türkiye, and Colombia), enabling an exploration of how these factors influence sustainability perceptions. The results show high levels of awareness, knowledge, consumption, and willingness to switch to more sustainable habits, although differences between countries were also found (price sensitivity in Spain and demand for information regarding sustainable food in Colombia). In addition, a group of consumers has been identified that is influenced by health, shows positive behaviours and perceptions towards sustainable food, and is not price sensitive. The study is significant, as it addresses the information gap between consumers, producers, and policymakers regarding sustainable food awareness. It seeks to provide insights into cultural influences on sustainability perceptions and aims to assist in developing educational programs and policies to promote sustainable consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment in which 214 Colombian rural workers must choose between cash or voucher payment for completing a real effort task. Although the voucher may be perceived as non-fungible, it halves the probability of suffering a negative shock that will reduce the participant's payment by two-thirds. Participants made four decisions in which we vary the voucher values such that this payment method offers, in expectation, between 88% to 123% of the cash payment (fixed across decisions). We find that uptake rates go from 32% to 56%, from the least to the most generous voucher. These rates are consistently larger compared to a reference sample of undergrad students from the same region (p–values from the χ2 tests for all four decisions fall below 0.035). Our between-subjects variations reveal that presenting the vouchers in descending order yields a higher uptake than the ascending order (p < 0.001 for the corresponding coefficient in a tobit and ordered logit regressions including municipality characteristics, an effect driven by the two decisions with the lowest voucher values, with p–values of 0.008 and 0.072 in the χ2 tests, respectively). We interpret this result as an endowment effect of the voucher's risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crocodylus acutus is the most widely distributed crocodile in the Neotropics, playing a key role in the ecosystems it inhabits. However, unsustainable use and habitat degradation have depleted its populations across its range. In Colombia, it is classified as Endangered by local authorities, and a legislative framework for its protection has been created, implementing hunting bans and breeding programmes. Successful implementation of these programmes depends on the existence of baseline genetic information, which is currently insufficient for the species. We assess the genetic diversity, phylogeography, and demographic patterns of the American crocodile in Colombia based on three mitochondrial markers (cox1 , cytb , and trnP/trnF/D-Loop) and propose actions for its management and conservation. We processed 33 American crocodile samples from both wild and captive populations and performed genetic variability, phylogenetic, phylogeographical, and neutrality tests, including previously reported sequences. We found evidence of high genetic variability in Colombia, the existence of clearly differentiated mitochondrial phylogenetic clades, and possible human-influenced or stochastic demographic variation events. We propose guidelines for the translocation of American crocodiles based on our findings and present evidence of possible dispersal events in the Caribbean and Magdalena regions. Finally, we suggest the implementation of management units and identify research priorities for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in academic activities at home negatively impacted mental health, due to significant levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We investigated the association of depression and anxiety with university students' academic performance during the COVID-19 lockdown in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey during the lockdown, through the use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the grade-point average. Results: 1090 females, out of 1957 students, with mean age 22.2 ± 5.3 years, participated in the study. The prevalence of low academic performance was higher in men (4.7% p = 0.014). As for mental health, 2.5% of the students were classified as "definite cases" of anxiety and 8.2% were diagnosed with depression. Women with a low academic performance had a greater percentage of being "definite cases" (3.8%) of anxiety as compared to men (1.1%). Regarding depression, in men, 12.2% of those with low academic performance were "definite cases" (6.9% p < 0.05); in females with low academic performance, 10.1% were "definite cases" of depression, according to the Poisson regression analysis. The probability of low performance was 100% higher for women identified as "doubtful cases" of depression (PR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.10–5.18, p = 0.03). Conclusions: A positive association between the severity of anxiety/depression and lower grades, especially in women, was found. Mental health should be a special concern when considering university students, in order to improve their academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mutis is the property of Revista Mutis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ricoeur Studies / Etudes Ricoeuriennes is the property of University of Pittsburgh, University Library System and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The wandering spider, Phoneutria depilata, is one of Colombia's most active nocturnal arthropod predators of vertebrates and invertebrates. Its venom has been a relevant subject of study in the last two decades. However, the scarcity of transcriptomic data for the species limits our knowledge of the distinct components present in its venom for linking the mainly neurotoxic effects of the spider venom to a particular molecular target. The transcriptome of the P. depilata venom gland was analyzed to understand the effect of different diets or sex and the impact of these variables on the composition of the venom. We sequenced venom glands obtained from ten males and ten females from three diet treatments: (i) invertebrate: Tenebrio molitor, (ii) vertebrate: Hemidactylus frenatus, and (iii) mixed (T. molitor + H. frenatus). Of 17,354 assembled transcripts from all samples, 65 transcripts relating to venom production differed between males and females. Among them, 36 were classified as neurotoxins, 14 as serine endopeptidases, 11 as other proteins related to venom production, three as metalloprotease toxins, and one as a venom potentiator. There were no differences in transcripts across the analyzed diets, but when considering the effect of diets on differences between the sexes, 59 transcripts were differentially expressed. Our findings provide essential information on toxins differentially expressed that can be related to sex and the plasticity of the diet of P. depilata and thus can be used as a reference for venomics of other wandering spider species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CienciAmérica is the property of Revista Cienciamerica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the relationship between the technocrats of the River Meta Navigability Project and the Achagua indigenous community in Colombia. The importance of the Achagua's participation in co-directing the project to ensure the survival of the river and future generations is highlighted. The article examines the impact of neoliberal techniques on the daily life of the Achagua people and how it seeks to impose itself as the only valid way of proceeding. Other anthropological studies that explore the meaning of rivers for different societies are also mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an underrecognized genetic disorder associated mainly with pulmonary emphysema and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). All individuals with COPD regardless of age or ethnicity should be tested for AATD, but in Colombia its prevalence in unknown. Main objective: To determine the prevalence of the genetic mutations, present in AATD in adult patients with COPD in Colombia, using a genotyping test on cells from the oral mucosa. Methods: This was a multicentre, observational, cross-sectional study which included adult patients attending seven COPD care centres in Colombia. Demographic data, medical history, including history of exposure to smoking and biomass smoke, most recent spirometry, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment received, serum AAT levels, and mutations detected by the genotyping test were recorded for all the recruited patients. For the comparison of variables between the groups with and without mutation, we used the X2 test for the qualitative variables and the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test according to their distribution. Main findings: We collected a sample of 1,107 patients, the median age was 73.8 years (87.6–79.9). Mutations were documented in 144 patients (13.01%), the majority had the M/S mutation (78.50%), followed by M/Z (9.72%). One patient had a ZZ mutation and two patients had null alleles. In total, 23 patients had mutations associated with serum AAT deficiency (levels below 60 mg/dl). Conclusions: Genetic mutations were documented in 13.01% of patients with COPD in Colombia and 2.07% were AATD-related, showing that there is a significant number of underdiagnosed patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is no characterization of resource use in the hospital setting for immigrants in Colombia, we aimed to describe the resource use by Venezuelan immigrants, comparing those enrolled in the national health insurance system with those with and without the ability to pay. Methods: Retrospective review in the billing data system of our Hospital from 2011 to 2020. We collected information for 6,837 hospital episodes associated with 1,022 Venezuelan patients, hospital's billing information for all services rendered was extracted. Results: The mean cost per patient event were 4,595 USD for those without the ability to pay, costing 2.37 times more than a legal resident insured. Care in the ICU, inpatient days, surgery, and OB-GYN department consume most resources provided to vulnerable migrants. Discussion: Enrolment in the national health insurance may allow better access to health services by vulnerable Venezuelan migrants and thus reduce resource use for the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peace agreement signed by the Colombian government and FARC- EP, recognizes the victims of violence, as the main actor in the armed conflict. In order to complay with objective number 5 of the accord, a whole new system which aims at every victim's right to expect truth, justice, reparation and guarantee of not repetition, has been created. The peace agreement also takes into account the repositioning of survivors's historical memory. Accordingly, the current Project analyses, throughtout a systematic revision how important historical memory is for rebuilding the social fabric, helping the associativity as an initiative, and also contemplates the ethical -- political perspective as a key element. A qualitative research method has been carried out by implementing an electronic search on different sources of information, based on English and Spanish articles, published from 2010 until 2019 on databases such Science Direct, Scopus, SPRINGER, Taylor & Francis, OXFORD, PSICODOC, EBSCOHOST, PSYCARTICLES, Jstor, PubMed, ERIC, Medline, Redalyc and Scielo. All of them focused on the studies categories in Colombia, with some characteristics of PRISMA. The results give account of the need of transforming the emphasis that historical memory has, into something that develops practices and strategies of empowerment and dignity. It is necessary to keep on working on historical memory research projects, as to resignify victims as subjects of rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Científica General José María Córdova is the property of Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Entramado is the property of Universidad Libre Seccional Cali and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder in which patients are heterozygous carriers for hemoglobin S (HbAS) and are usually asymptomatic. We performed a descriptive analysis of clinical manifestations and outcomes associated with SCT. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that included patients with SCT from 2014 to 2020 at Hospital Militar Central, the reference center of the Military forces in Bogota, Colombia. Results: Of 647 hemoglobin electrophoresis analyzed, we identified 51 patients with SCT, including 43 males (84.3%) and eight females (15.7%), with a median age of 22 years (IQR 15-36 years). Of these, 28 (54.8%) were Afro-Colombian, 23 (45.1%) were Colombian mestizos, and 31/51 (60.8%) of patients were active military members. Twenty-four patients (47.1%) were asymptomatic, and Twenty-seven patients (52.9%) were symptomatic (systemic complications); Most of the patients who presented symptoms were active military members of the Colombian military forces. Splenic complications were the most important (85.2%), p=0.0005, and there was a wide spectrum of splenic complications. In addition, we found significant elevations in leukocytes, bilirubin, LDH, and CRP. Eighteen patients (66.7%) received medical management, five (18.5%) required splenectomy, and only 5.9% of patients were sent for genetic counseling. Conclusions: Military Personnel is a population with a high risk of developing symptoms, and splenic complications were the most relevant in symptomatic patients. Most patients received medical treatment, and 18.5% of patients required splenectomy. Our results reflect the absence of redirection of these patients to genetic counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to understand the social representations of violence in two educational institutions in different contexts in north-eastern Colombia. It is theoretically based on Moscovici and Jodelet's theory of representations, under the epistemological assumptions of qualitative research. The population consisted of children from each participating educational institution. The semi-structured in-depth interview was used as a tool to collect the data, which were then analysed using Atlas Ti software, making use of open coding, which generated the creation of categories based on the similarity of the concept supported by the constant comparative method. The theoretical structure was constructed with Normalisation of school violence as a form of social interaction in school as a central category and conceptual categories such as: school violence as a form of normal interaction between peers in the school context, control mechanisms that normalise violent behaviour, behaviour of the perpetrator, behaviour of the victim, dehumanisation of the other. The review of the existing literature together with the current regulations was contrasted with the information obtained in the interviews, which allowed the realization of approximations of the causes of school violence at the individual, family and school level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to characterize the curricular structure of the various undergraduate and postgraduate programs offered in the six faculties of a public higher education institution domiciled in Colombia. The study had a mixed approach adopting a cross-sectional descriptive level. A semi-structured interview was applied to two directors of academic programs who voluntarily agreed to be part of this process. The findings of the study reveal that there are elements or characteristics of academic programs that are considered essential in their functioning process, such as having a mission, vision or training objectives, but they also consider that there are aspects that begin to vary in coherence. with the regulation defined by the Ministry of National Education of Colombia, so a permanent review of the curricular proposals must be carried out so that they are always in line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reports the effects derived from the application of mathematical modelling in classroom work within the development of mathematics classes, which allowed the resignification of the concept of linear function, making use of various semiotic registers of representation applied to a wide range of everyday situations. The fieldwork was based on the application of a didactic sequence to two groups of ninth grade students from a public educational institution located in the capital city of northeastern Colombia. The students were expected to build a mathematical model that would fit the data provided framed in the situations in context in order to contribute to the re-signification of mathematical knowledge. The results show that the practice of modelling favours the motivation of students in relation to mathematical knowledge, giving it meaning and significance when confronted with real situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The results of a research developed through a hermeneutic analysis of drawings and narratives of children, adolescents and young people from the municipalities prioritized for the implementation of the Peace Agreement in Catatumbo - Norte de Santander, who participated in a training on the peace process in Colombia since the emergence of the guerrilla movements. They contributed to the pillars of the Program for Development with a Territorial Approach (PDTA) and to the vision of the territory from artistic and narrative approaches, drawing and narrating the Catatumbo they dream of and can build. Emphasis is placed on the contributions of the NNAJ to the pillars "Social organization of rural property and land use" and "Economic reactivation and agricultural and livestock production". The analysis allows recognizing the social phenomena typical of post-conflict scenarios and even of permanent armed conflict, which define the condition in which the inhabitants of this territory find themselves, for land use and economic reactivation, where the presence of illegal armed groups persists and restricts legal economic alternatives to illicit crops, all this in a scenario of transitional justice and the implementation of the peace agreements between the FARC and the Colombian State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article identifies the representations of the Bari and Uwa ethnic groups constructed by the regional press, in the case of La Opinión (Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia) between 1992 and 2018. The selected period obeys the first 25 years of the Political Constitution promulgated in 1991 after a political process that demanded the establishment of a secular and social state of law. Through the documentary review of 78 copies of the newspaper in its printed version, being this an intentional sample conformed by the newspapers of October 11, 12 and 13 of each year (eve, day and after the commemoration of the discovery of America or Columbus Day), a process of codification and categorization was applied, which evidenced the infantilization of the Bari, showing them through caricatures and illustrations in the children's offprint. In addition, it made the Uwa invisible; they are only mentioned twice. The newspaper represents the indigenous Bari and Uwa as warriors, associated with the resistance to the conquest and colonization during the 17th and 18th centuries, and as heritage, as it values their existence, their ancestral practices that allow the care of the territory, but in general, there is an underrepresentation of these communities in the media. This situation is recognized as an opportunity to make an intercultural educational commitment in the Department and the recognition of pluriethnicity from the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research was to identify the perceptions and attitudes of university students in the main border and receiving city of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, to validate the tendency registered in several studies and surveys where discriminatory and xenophobic practices were evident. Through an instrument made up of 35 questions and applied to 216 young people between 16 and 28 years of age, it can be concluded that despite the information they receive from the media, university students understand that the decision to migrate was motivated by adverse situations that Venezuelan people face in their country, putting their survival at risk. This opens the possibility of designing and implementing strategies that promote economic integration, but also cultural integration, based on diversity, respect as a value and recognition of the other not only from the media scenario but also from the communicative action itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The professional training processes within the undergraduate programs must be mediated by qualified teachers, with a broad theoretical background and significant recognition. These statements are the basis of this research article that aims to understand the stories of tutors who accompany the pedagogical practices of teachers in training at a public university in Norte de Santander - Colombia. The methodological approach is oriented from the qualitative-interpretative paradigm using focus groups as a data collection technique. The conclusions of the study show that teachers who assume the monitoring and mediation of practices within the degree programs must be directly linked to the current context of the educational system in which they perform their work activity, given that in it they can be in constant assertive feedback regarding the teaching role, which can be observed in the practice classrooms of trainee teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on the need to discuss the responsible use of natural resources, on the predatory and devastating role that the human species has played on this planet. But as the research process progressed, other variants of the problem emerged, since it was identified that the irrational use of natural resources has not only affected the ecosystem but has also impacted the lives of various indigenous communities in Colombia. In many cases, these communities realized over time that their ancestral territories were decimated to the point of being cornered into small areas of land with limited access to natural resources, which are necessary for the development of their daily activities and, in the absence of these resources, they experienced a process of colonization that is leading to their extinction as an ancestral culture. This is the actual context in which this research is located, for which the qualitative approach is used since interviews were conducted with four people who are knowledgeable about the problem and who provide valuable information about the understanding of the consequences. This allows concluding that by working towards sustainability and the sustainability of natural resources, society is contributing to the survival of these indigenous communities that are part of the cultural heritage of the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to consider the possible relationship between academic performance and university students' beliefs about Mathematics, particularly in the subject of Integral Calculus. The methodology employed is quantitative, descriptive and correlational, based on a non-experimental design. The instrument used for the collection of information was based on a structured questionnaire of questions with Likert scale type answers, whose validity and reliability were studied, applied to 30 Mechanical Engineering students of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colombia, selected by non-probabilistic sampling. For academic performance, the grades of the first pre-test (corresponding to 23.33 % of the final grade of the subject) of Integral Calculus were used. The results strengthen the conclusion that beliefs about Mathematics, from the students' perspective, are related to their academic performance in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: Suficiencia is a large database that encompasses information of 15.1 million enrollees at ten health maintenance organizations (HMOs) on each healthcare service provided to patients, being the main source of information for estimating cost at the individual level. It constitutes a reliable tool for measuring prevalence and costs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Colombia, where these data are scarce. The aim of this study is to describe and show the utility of the Suficiencia database for studies on RA and SLE in Colombia. Methods: To estimate the RA and SLE cost, patients were identified according to ICD-10 codes in the Suficiencia dataset for year 2015. We calculated the number of RA/SLE patients and their individual cost as the sum of all claims in each type of facility (i.e., inpatient, outpatient, emergency, domiciliary). We then estimated the total cost of care and average cost per patient. We also report RA and SLE prevalence. Results: The estimates of prevalence of RA and SLE were 737/100,000 and 117/100,000 respectively. Results show that the annual average healthcare cost of a person with RA is $1625, while the cost for a person with SLE is $1693. Women were more affected by these conditions, but men's care was more expensive. Conclusion: The cost of RA and SLE care in the developing world may be relatively high. Total cost represents about 4% of total healthcare expenses in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Latin American Law Review is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research is to analyze the tourism policy, Red de Pueblos Patrimonio de Colombia (RPPC), considering its opportunities for tourism and local development, involving the participation of multiple actors, who take advantage of its attributes and globalization trends to position themselves nationally and internationally. A case study was conducted, with a qualitative, descriptive approach, through in-depth interviews to several public and private actors applied in Girón Santander, Colombia. It was found that the network of interrelationships of the actors involved is limited because many are unaware of the policy and the benefits of belonging to it; it also has strengths in the management of the brand and resources implemented. As a result, local development consistent with the objectives of the RPPC is not achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Lupus nephritis is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and it has been estimated that can occur in up to 60% of patients. Direct costs of lupus nephritis have not been studied in developing countries. This study aimed to describe lupus nephritis direct costs in Colombia. Methods: Administrative data from two Colombian health maintenance organizations for 2014 and 2015 was obtained. An algorithm based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision codes was developed to identify patients with lupus nephritis and lupus nephritis under study. Results: The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost for lupus nephritis was US$ 12,624, 7.5 times higher than the average lupus patient without lupus nephritis. For lupus nephritis cases under study, estimated direct cost was US$ 3,664, 2 times higher than average lupus patient in Colombia. Difference in lupus nephritis patients is mainly accounted for the cost and frequency of procedures, exceeding by a factor of 5 the cost for durable medical equipment and the cost for drugs, respectively. Conclusion: Lupus patients who progress to lupus nephritis stage increased seven-fold the average annual per-patient, all-claims, and all-cause direct cost for the Colombian health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colombia's health system allows workers to claim paid sick leave due to health conditions, some of this conditions are related to metabolic and cardiovascular disease. There has been an association between these diseases and depression. However, the effect of behavioral disorders such as depression on absence from work is unknown in the developing world. The objective of the research is to estimate whether low-wage workers suffering from depression, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease request more paid sick days than people with the same medical comorbidities, but without depression. Data and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using data from an insurer in the southwestern region of Colombia in 2016. Depression was identified using an international algorithm that detects chronic conditions from diagnosis and pharmacy data. Outcome variables were the number of days on sick leave allowed by the insurer in one year, and the amount paid by the insurer. We used multivariate regression to estimate whether depression increases sick leave due to metabolic and cardiovascular disease after pre-processing the data using coarsened exact matching. Results: Individuals diagnosed with depressive disorders and absent from work due to metabolic and cardiovascular disease tend to have more paid sick days throughout the year than individuals with no depression suffering from these diseases. Additional absence days were statistically significant in nutritional and metabolic disease (10.6 days) and circulatory diseases (7.4 days). Conclusions: Depression comorbid with a physical disease increases the number of days and consequently the associated costs to the insurer. The incremental cost due to depression is higher compared to what insurers receive annually from the government to cover health services; consequently, additional research is warranted to identify prevention activities that can treat depression, thus lowering the healthcare system's financial burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological specimens belonging to the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera) moth family deposited in the "Luis María Murillo" National Taxonomic Collection of Insects (NTCI) in Cundinamarca, Colombia were studied. A total of 202 specimens, 50 species, 33 genera, and seven subfamilies were found. Of these, two species are endemic, and 20 species are reported for the first time in Colombia. The Heterocampinae subfamily and the genus Hemiceras had the highest number of species, with 19 and 10 species respectively. Additionally, six new host plants are reported for the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]