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This paper provides an overview of the development of Jewish studies in Germany since reunification. After a brief historical review of the subject in the nineteenth century with the development of modern Reform Judaism and the science of Judaism (Wissenschaft des Judentums) created by Jewish religious and secular scholars, it focuses on the development of the past thirty years, in which not only the Jewish community but also Jewish studies have increased in importance. The growth of the Jewish community was largely due to immigration from the Soviet Union, but also partly to young Israelis who moved to Berlin. In line with these different backgrounds, a new interest in diaspora research emerged. The paper also deals with the difference between German Jewish studies (necessarily shaped by the Holocaust) and those of most other countries, where Jewish studies are mainly designed by Jewish scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following reunification after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the eastern German city of Dessau lost population and entire industrial sectors to the more dynamic economies of western Germany, leaving behind a glut of vacant and derelict properties. Dessau's planners proscribed their demolition, replacing them with a greenway surrounding neighbourhoods as water does an archipelago that has substantially increased biodiversity but has failed, despite the city's encouragement, to attract community support. This paper explores what adjustments might be necessary for the archipelago model to be more readily adopted by other shrinking cities and new urban developments worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper relies on special works and collections of recently published documents and highlights the importance of the date of 28 June 1940, starting from the entire evolution of the Romanian-Soviet relations, before and after World War II. The underlying idea of the paper is that the occupation of north-eastern Romania, in June 1940, was only a part of a more complex plan of the USSR to gain control over the entire Balkan-Pontic space. As a result of this conduct, Romania's hostility legitimately grew, our country seeking Germany's protection in the face of the Soviet danger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the criteria according to which world news presented in the Soviet Union-controlled press of Berlin, Germany is selected. Berlin of today, with its four sectors under U.S., British, Russian and French control respectively, offers a fertile field for the application of content analysis techniques developed in this country during the war. From the start of the quadripartite occupation Berliners have been aware that the press in the Soviet sector of Berlin differs radically from that in the sectors controlled by the Western Powers. Differences have not been confined to the editorial pages but have extended to the news columns. It is of particular importance to attempt to isolate criteria of selection at this time, since a critical news-print shortage limits nearly all German papers to one page or less of world news, and only a small percentage of available dispatches can be given space.

This paper introduces the Immigrant German Election Study (IMGES) as the first survey that explicitly targeted immigrant-origin voters in Germany. IMGES fills the gap of insufficient data in the field of immigrant-origin voters with a combination of proven and novel survey measures of the electoral behavior of people with a background from either Türkiye or from the former Soviet Union or its successor states. The study was carried out in a post-election, cross-sectional survey in 2017. Its compatibility with the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES), the Ethnic Minority British Election Study (EMBES), and the Dutch Ethnic Minority Election Study (DEMES) allows for in-depth comparative analyses between immigrant-origin voters and natives across different countries. In addition to standard measures of electoral behavior, the data include measures of immigrant-specific factors relevant to voting behavior. Moreover, the dataset is not limited to voting behavior in Germany, it also includes transnational voting behavior in the respective countries of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines how the issue of collaboration was presented and dealt with in Soviet, Western and post-Soviet Russian and Belarusian writings. Furthermore the paper discusses the national, socioeconomic and political preconditions of collaboration with the German occupation forces in Belarus. The author highlights the relationship of collaboration with the prewar Soviet policies and analyses the politics of Belarusian nationalists and independentist émigrés from 1917 to 1941. The Nazi recruitment of Belarusian exiles of different military, political and intelligence organisations and the funding of Belarusian pro-German oriented right-wing organisations are described. The reactions of the Belarusian civilian population and its attitudes vis-à-vis the German occupation authorities and Soviet partisans at the initial stage of the war are then discussed. The paper underlines the complexity of motives and the variety of forms of collaboration. The collaboration movement in Belarus was far from homogeneous: some people supported the Germans on the basis of their political principles, nationalistic ideas and state-building aspirations; some collaborated because they rejected Soviet economic and cultural polices, while the majority just wanted to survive the war and improve their postwar chances. Particular attention is devoted to the nature and peculiarities of Nazi polices in the occupied territory of Belarus. The harsh measures introduced by Germans (requisitions by the troops, forced labour program, collective reprisals and the genocide of Belarusian Jewry etc.) jeopardised the positive or neutral attitude of the local population toward the Germans, aroused hostility and became one of the main factors that caused the change in attitude. Finally, the paper analyses the transition from collaboration to resistance in late 1943-1944 on the basis of several considerations: the change in the course of the war, the influence of propaganda, and an emerging understanding that the Soviets would emerge victorious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to analyse the practical examples of closer political, economic and military relations between Germany and Soviet Russia, and then the Soviet Union, in the years 1921-1926. The paper lays out the thesis that the closer German-Soviet political, economic and military relations, in the years 1921-1926, posed a significant threat to the security of the Second Polish Republic. To justify the above thesis both the literature and source materials were examined, including first of all the materials held in the Central Military Archives (Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe) in Warszawa-Rembertów. The materials gathered in the groups of records of the Second Department of the Polish Army High Command and the Collections of Russian records were found out to be of key importance. The collected archival materials made it possible to identify different planes of cooperation between the Germans and the Soviets in the discussed period and to establish to what extent the Polish military intelligence was aware of the feasibility and effects of such closer relations, resulting in a direct threat to the security of the Polish state. On the basis of the presented information it can be stated that the Polish military intelligence provided an accurate diagnosis of the examples of German-Soviet cooperation, often anti-Polish in its form and character. In the years 1921-1926, this cooperation was particularly intensified, posing a threat to the security of the Second Polish Republic and leading to negotiations regarding both the western and the eastern borders of Poland established after the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Riga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Discourse: Journal of Childhood & Adolescense Research / Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that regular physical activity (PA) positively impacts individuals' mental health (MH). The PA-MH relationship may be critical among immigrants owing to psycho-social-cultural influences. This scoping review of 61 studies employed a holistic bio-psycho-socio-cultural framework to thoroughly investigate the complex relationship between PA (across life domains) and immigrants' MH in Western countries. A systematic search of five electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Anthropology Plus) was conducted to locate relevant articles. No limitations were applied to study design, age, gender, home country, MH condition or PA type. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed conceptual model guided the analysis of the multi-domain PA-MH relationship. Immigrant PA-MH studies were conducted and reported most commonly in the USA (38%), Australia (18%), and Canada (11%). Overall, PA was positively related to MH. Each domain-specific PA appeared to be associated with unique MH-promoting pathways/mechanisms. Leisure-related PA may support MH by enhancing self-agency and minimizing risky behaviors, whilst travel- and domestic-related PA may promote self-accomplishment and physical engagement. Ethnic sports appeared to enhance resilience. Occupational-related PA was associated with either positive or negative MH, depending on the type of occupation. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed model is required to gain an encompassing and integrated understanding of immigrants' health. The first iteration of such a model is presented here, along with an illustration of how the model may be used to deepen analysis and understanding of the multi-domain PA-MH relationship among immigrants and inform public health planners and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal for Baltic & Nordic Studies/Revista Romana de Studii Baltice si Nordice is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose — The aim of this paper is to show that there could still be the possibility of a complementary relationship between capitalism and socialism (effective state), so that a higher human, social and economic order is realised. Design/methodology/approach — The paper is a meta-analytical study, which relied on secondary sources of information. It is a qualitative study that is based on conceptual analysis, theory building and "emic" perspective (authors' viewpoint). Findings — With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1998 and the fall of the famous Berlin Wall, the final victory or triumph of capitalism over its alternatives was heralded. This development saw nations, most especially the developing ones, rushing to infuse themselves into the capitalist global system, which is reflected by the opening of borders to the capitalist onslaught. However, soon after this euphoric capitalist triumphalism, capitalism seems to be heading to another cross-road, which is capable of undermining the aforesaid euphoria. As capital is now set to continue its accumulation, expansion and profitability, unemployment is on the rise, as government ability to create lasting employment has become ineffective due to the privatisation of the public sectors, retrenchment by private business, etc. The state of affairs is exacerbating the crime rate (both within nations and globally), ethnic and global tension, poverty and ill-feeling. Hence, there could be other better global alternatives to the current single capitalist triumphant orthodoxy. Practical implications — Socialism has failed and capitalism is in the process of failing. Therefore, the only hope left to resurrect socialism and resuscitate capitalism, is a complementary and comprehensive ideological order. In that sense, there is a need to complement the positive aspects of both ideologies. Originality/value — This paper is original, since no other paper has taken up the topic of "Triumphant capitalism and the future of human, social and economic progress in the post-Cold War era". The suggestion given in the paper could help to achieve a higher level of human, social and economic progress in the post-Cold War era, most especially in the developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of invention performance, as measured by patenting activities, of six countries (France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, USSR, West Germany) relative to the United States for 41 SIC industries over the past 20 years. It turns out that non-U.S. countries as a group have increased their (relative) invention performance in all fields of technology, including high technology fields. In a second step hypotheses which can be supposed to explain the relative decline of the United States' patenting activities are discussed and tested. There is strong evidence that catching up processes contributed most to the relative decrease of the United States; there is only little evidence that government interventions regarding research and development activities have had counterproductive effects on invention performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the emergence of management education and training in the UK, France, Germany, USA, Japan, USSR, and China. It argues that given kinds of environmental changes may lead to a wide variety of training responses, depending on the industrial and cultural contexts in which they take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November, 1942, during the Anglo-Russian occupation of Iran in World War II, the British discovered the secret home of Franz Mayer, the undercover German political intelligence agent and spy for whom they had long been looking. Mayer had left behind a cache of documents providing, among other matters, the identities of a number of high-ranking Iranians in the military, police and public officer working with him on a plan for an uprising against the occupation to coincide with the arrival of German troops in the Caucasus and at Iran's door. This article examines the nature of the German plot, the activities of German agents and their Iranian collaborators in Iran during the war, the debate among British officials as to how to deal with the Officers Plot, and the eventual dismantling of the German fifth column. The article also examines the shift taking place in great-power influence in Iran and the differences between Britain and the United States over addressing the German conspiracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of economic education in Germany is based largely on the laws and ideals of the prevailing economic system. While Western concepts such as the competitive market typically are addressed in economic programs in Germany, they may be unfamiliar in Eastern European countries that were part of, or under the influence of, the former Soviet Union, where many youths living in Germany originate. Findings from large-scale quantitative studies of economic and financial literacy in Germany indicate that people who have a migration background (MB) perform worse on tests of economic literacy than those who do not; however, these studies do not provide sufficient insight into the underlying migration-related causes of the deficits in economic literacy. In this study we investigate the influence of family financial socialization on young adults' understanding of economic and financial concepts. We interview eight young adults with a post-Soviet MB living in Germany using a two-part procedure: problem-centered and think-aloud interviews. We found that migrant parents directly and indirectly influenced their children's understanding of economic and financial concepts in numerous ways, and we maintain that the best way to remedy the deficits in their understanding of such concepts is through targeted programs and teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By reaching a vote share of 12.6 percent in the 2017 federal election, the Alternative for Germany (AfD) ended Germany's rare status as a Western European polity lacking a significant Populist Radical Right Party (PRRP). Some of this support comes from a group not usually expected to vote for PRRPs: immigrant-origin voters. Recent survey data shows high levels of support for the AfD especially within the group of Russian-Germans – immigrants from the former Soviet Union and its successor states. What motivates these immigrant-origin voters to support an anti-immigrant party? This article argues that support for the AfD – besides immigration-related preferences – can be best explained by their levels of assimilation or incorporation for different domains regarding the mainstream German society. Especially low levels of economic and social integration, and in particular a strong ethnic identity, relate positively to favouring the German radical right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Diversitätsforschung und -Management is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ferrous scrap is a vital ingredient in the manufacture of steel, and it constitutes a strategic material of the greatest significance in modern warfare. During the late 1930s, Britain exported considerable quantities of scrap metal to Nazi Germany, a trade which subsequently proved embarrassing and which officialdom sought to obscure. Following the Second World War, Britain obtained large amounts of iron and steel from Western Germany, much of which it took—often surreptitiously—as war booty. Historians have paid relatively scant attention to this flow of scrap, yet it had important economic, strategic, and diplomatic consequences. Two reasons for this lack of attention are the overwhelming influence that the US and the USSR played in shaping the fate of postwar Germany, and a tendency of British policymakers and historians to support an overly simplified narrative that contrasted Western beneficence toward their former enemy with Soviet rapaciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines patterns of financial transfers between adult children and their parents in migrant families from the former Soviet Union in Germany. Data from the survey on Ageing of Soviet Union Migrants (ASUM) 2011 allows to compare the exchange of financial transfers in migrant families with elderly parents living in Germany as opposed to migrant families with elderly parents living in the country of origin. Results indicate a substantial number of transnational child-parent relationships among ethnic German migrants from the former Soviet Union. As to the exchange of resources, while financial transfers typically flow from parents to adult children if migrant's parents live in Germany, this is not the case in transnational child-parent relationships, here financial transfers flow more often from adult children in Germany to the elderly parents abroad. We interpret these different patterns in the direction of giving and receiving financial transfers between adult children and parents in transnational or non-transnational relationships as differences in the welfare systems which guarantee different levels of provision for old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the field of international migration engage a multilingual frame. Multilingualism raises a question of knowledge and meaning transferability in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. Migration studies focusing on the transnational settings require a reflective use of languages while confronting methodological challenges at all research stages. This notion is especially valid in the case of qualitative research oriented to capturing meaning which can be lost in translation. As the first objective, in this article I reflect on language use in the research conduct in general and in migration studies in particular. I address a set of methodological challenges connected to multilingualism during data gathering, processing, and interpretation. The second objective is to approach translanguaging as one of the features of multilingual practices and as an epiphenomenon of immigration and transnationalism. I rely on a research project on immigrant agency of immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU), arriving in Germany between 1990-2005. I exemplify how multilingualism can be utilized in empirical research, and how translanguaging helps to understand cross-cultural experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the conference "Victims of International Crimes," held October 6 to October 8, 2011 at the University of Marburg in Marburg, Germany, is presented. Topics considered include the victims' rights movement in Guatemala, rape committed by the Red Army in Germany following World War II, and peace and reconciliation in Rwanda. Speakers included Michael J. Kelly, Boris Barth, and Raquel Aldana.

Abstract: This paper quantitatively evaluates nation stability, defined as the state of a country''s social and economic system as measured by multiple evaluation indicators, and observes its transitions. Data Envelopment Analysis/Malmquist Index (DEA/MI) methodology is applied to the panel data for 97 countries for the period 1981–2004, although the DEA application is totally different from the DEA efficiency/productivity analysis. This analysis includes a “unified” country (Germany) and “split” countries (former Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia). Using the novel panel-data handling proposed in this study, we demonstrate shifts in stability before/after the unification or split. The stability of split countries fell by 50% or more, showing that they were extremely unstable before the split. The use of lower-bound DEA together with ordinary DEA enables a country''s stability to be evaluated in terms of both negative and positive aspects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article offers information on the "Zwangsarbeit als Kriegswaffe" conference that focused on forced labor during wars. It took place in Freudenstadt, Germany from September 22-24, 2011. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as how forced labor was used by the Ottoman Empire during the early modern period, how Germans used forced labor with Russian prisoners of war during World War I, and how the Soviet Union forced Romanians and Hungarians to perform forced labor.

The article presents a statistical evaluation of the Battle of Kursk, Russia that took place in 1943. As stated, Soviet Union-German Battle of Kursk increased dramatically with the Russians releasing numerous hitherto secret official records. It states that the German attacked the Soviets on the morning of July 5, 1943 The article also presents a short account of Lanchester theory.

Information is presented on several papers discussed at a conference on the Jewish Holocaust of 1939-1945, held in Boca Raton, Florida on November 4-7, 2010. Topics discussed include the relationship between the Soviet Union and Germany's Nazi Regime, diaries, and war veterans. The conference featured several scholars including Lauri Marhoefer, Geoffrey Hartman, and Jessica Anderson Hughes.

The article reports on the conference "Die nationalsozialistische Okkupationspresse in den besetzten Gebieten der Sowjetunion, 1941-1944" (The National Socialist Press in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union), held at the University of Heidelberg from November 5-8, 2010. Papers discussed various aspects of press politics and propaganda in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe, including their institutional organization, content, reception, and audience, as well as biographical questions.

Copyright of Romanian Journal for Baltic & Nordic Studies/Revista Romana de Studii Baltice si Nordice is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the diplomatic implications of United States troop movements in Germany before and after V-E Day. Existing accounts emphasize American good will and Soviet refusal to cooperate, pointing to the example of an American convoy en route to Berlin in June 1945. Citing an “agreement” of which the American convoy commander had never heard, the Russians would allow only one-half of his troops to proceed. The agreement did exist, however, and the episode must be seen against the backdrop of Soviet suspicions regarding Western willingness to withdraw from the Soviet occupation zone. United States President Harry S. Truman did overrule British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill's calls to link withdrawal to concessions from the Soviets, but he waited two months before doing so. Prior accounts have ignored the delay's effects on Soviet perceptions. The article argues that American actions had the unintended consequence of reinforcing Soviet Chairman Joseph V. Stalin's belief in Western bad faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop or Hitler-Stalin pact that was signed on August 23, 1939. It mentions that the Soviet Union has saved 12 million people including two million Jews in Poland from Hitler's wrath due to Stalin's wise decision of signing the Soviet-German pact. It also discusses insights of several American Jewish Communists arguing the importance of the pact and denouncing imperialism.

In August, 1939, the German-Soviet nonaggression pact was signed by the German and Soviet chancellors Joachim von Ribbentrop and Viacheslav Mijailovich 'Mólotov'. In this paper, we coherently review, from a strictly soviet point of view, such agreement, as well as the additional secret protocol to the pact. This review includes the official historical self-criticism on the pact and protocol carried out by Soviet authorities through the Congressional Commission presided by Alexandr Yákovlev. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated how as reported by Bandura (Self-efficacy: The exercise of control Freeman, 1997) sources of self-efficacy differ across socialization contexts for German students with diverse immigrant backgrounds. We measured all four sources of academic self-efficacy in three socialization contexts for students of former Soviet Union and Turkish descent as well as without an immigrant background, assuming that we would find differences between these groups. Participants were 1217 seventh-grade students in Germany. Multigroup structural equation analyses with latent variables revealed the differential importance of socialization contexts for the relation between academic self-efficacy and its sources across groups. For students of former Soviet Union and Turkish descent, verbal or social persuasion is the strongest contributing factor for academic self-efficacy, whereas for students without an immigrant background, it is mastery experience. In the school context, significant relationships between sources of self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy could only be observed for students without an immigrant background. The results both support and refine Bandura's social cognitive theory by showing that self-related constructs function differently in students with culturally diverse immigrant backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Historia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present contribution analyzes systematically diplomatic reports written by German, Italian, British, and Polish representatives in the Soviet Union at the time of the Great Famine. Based on both published documents and unpublished archival sources, the article examines comparatively the perception of the Great Famine in these four countries. After providing a short overview of the diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the four countries at the time of the famine, this article examines how German, Italian, British, and Polish diplomats explained three key issues for understanding the Great Famine: (1) the role of the conflicts between state and peasantry in unleashing the famine; (2) the issue of whether the Soviet government intentionally caused the famine; and (3) the role of intentions in the development of the famine and the relationship between the nationalities policy of the Soviet government and the famine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about Wernher von Braun, a German-American rocket engineer and space visionary. In his early career, von Braun was a designer of missiles, in fact, he was the leader of the team who designed V-2 ballistic missile for the Nazi Germany. However, when the United States Army made his rocket-engineer organization transfer to National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 1960, his career focus dramatically shifted from making weapons to peaceful space exploration. He had dreamt of space travel and planned of constructing a manned space station to function as a base for further space exploration and as a battle station and orbiting reconnaissance platform to achieve "space superiority" over the Soviet Union.

The article discusses the history of the preemption efforts of the U.S. against nuclear proliferation in various nations including Germany and Soviet Union. The U.S. aggressiveness towards stopping Saddam Hussein's nuclear aspiration have made them spent a long time on tabletop exercise, resulting to the production of nuclear weapons of Soviet Union, China and Pakistan. However, the use of military forces for nuclear nonproliferation are contended by many nations. This article describes the history and adversaries of the U.S. government against the nuclear facilities of Germany as with the Third Reich of Adolf Hitler.