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Background: The field of pancreas transplantation has undergone transformative phases, progressing from its promising inception in 1966 to becoming a standard treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. This bibliometric analysis explores the progression of pancreas transplantation research over a period of four decades, mapping milestones, contributors, and emerging trends. Methods: Our bibliometric analysis utilizes the comprehensive Scopus database, which includes publication titles, author information, affiliations, abstracts, keywords, and journal details. The search strategy was centered on research related to pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantation. The analysis encompasses the time frame spanning from 1983 to 2023, with the data extraction taking place on October 7th, 2023. Results: The analysis of 4,897 articles uncovered unique trends in the field of pancreas transplantation research. The years 1989, 1996, and 2021 saw significant increases in the number of publications, which corresponded to the responses to clinical challenges and advancements. Contributions by authors from the United States of America were the most numerous, with 1,905 publications and 49,949 citations. The research topics were highlighted by keywords such as "graft survival," "graft rejection," and" Immunosuppressive treatment." Conclusion: The fluctuations in publication trends that have been identified indicate dynamic reactions to changing priorities and challenges. Although it has limitations, this analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers who are dealing with the complex field of pancreas transplantation literature. Further bibliometric research may advance our knowledge and direct future initiatives in this developing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly defined as a transitional subclinical state between normal aging and dementia. A growing body of research indicates that health behaviors may play a protective role against cognitive decline and could potentially slow down the progression from MCI to dementia. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature focusing on health behaviors and MCI to summarize the factors and evidence regarding the influence of health behaviors on MCI. Methods: The study performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index subdatabases within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, a total of 2,843 eligible articles underwent co-citation, cokeywords, and clustering analyses. This methodology aimed to investigate the current status, trends, major research questions, and potential future directions within the research domain. Results: The bibliometric analysis indicates that research on healthy behaviors in individuals with MCI originated in 2002 and experienced rapid growth in 2014, reflecting the increasing global interest in this area. The United States emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for more than one-third of the total scientific output with 982 articles. Journals that published the most articles on MCI-related health behaviors included "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease," "Neurobiology of Aging," "Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience," and other geriatricsrelated journals. High-impact papers identified by VOSviewer predominantly cover concepts related to MCI, such as diagnostic criteria, assessment, and multifactorial interventions. Co-occurrence keyword analysis highlights five research hotspots in health behavior associated with MCI: exercise, diet, risk factors and preventive measures for dementia, cognitive decline-related biomarkers, and clinical trials. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive review of literature on health behavior in individuals with MCI, emphasizing influential documents and journals. It outlines research trends and key focal points, offering valuable insights for researchers to comprehend significant contributions and steer future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article understands how women and girls in the Grand Duchy of Saxe‐Weimar‐Eisenach negotiated core issues in the Age of Revolutions: early industrialization and political representation. The baroness Julie von Bechtolsheim (1751–1847) leveraged war, widowhood, courtly connections, and poetry to pursue a public 'career' as First Principal of Eisenach's Women's Association (Frauenverein) from 1814 to 1831, establishing a material link between her private estate and the political estate. The Association itself was contrived as a polity in microcosm. Accusations of Bechtolsheim's 'despotic' governance prompted a majority bourgeois managerial staff to establish electoral conventions. Not all women had equal claim to citizenship, however. The Association's records reveal a Romantic theory of labour that reinforced a social order built on women's work, and its 'Industry School' sustained a supply of female labour into the state's predominant industry, linen manufacture, as into the servant's quarters of its affluent homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes recent scientific production in health literacy, assessing professional involvement and identifying areas for attention, gap addressing, and collaboration network establishment to enhance health outcomes. This comprehensive analysis examined scientific literature from 2018 to 2022 retrieved from Scopus database. The study focused on original articles in multiple languages and utilized tools like Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. It explored publication patterns, citation metrics, authorship trends, country contributions, keyword evolution, clusters of related terms, and professional involvement. This analysis yielded valuable insights into the research landscape of health literacy during the specified time frame, providing a deeper understanding of the field. The analysis encompassed 3,489 articles, revealing a significant increase in publications since 2019. Prolific authorship did not always correlate with citation impact in health literacy research. Nguyen H.C. emerged as the most cited author, particularly in COVID-19-related symptoms and health literacy. The analysis revealed significant contributions from influential countries such as the United States, Australia, Germany, Iran, and China. "Mental health" emerged as a prominent area of investigation based on keyword analysis. The study also found underrepresentation of nursing professionals but identified diverse health-related professionals and institutes as influential contributors. Health literacy publications, particularly related to COVID-19, have significantly increased, indicating a rising interest in addressing pandemic-related health literacy needs. The research landscape on health literacy is global, with the USA, Australia, Iran, China, Germany, Norway, and Denmark as leading contributors. Collaborations among institutions like the University of Houston, Uppsala University, and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences highlight the importance of international cooperation in advancing health literacy research. Research hotspots in health literacy include COVID-19, interventions, chronic disease management, healthcare access, and health disparities, guiding future research to improve health outcomes and tackle key challenges in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on data collected by the Zurich Survey of Academics (ZSoA), a unique representative online survey among academics in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (DACH region), this paper replicates Johann and Mayer's (Minerva 57(2):175–196, 2019) analysis of researchers' perceptions of scientific authorship and expands their scope. The primary goals of the study at hand are to learn more about (a) country differences in perceptions of scientific authorship, as well as (b) the influence of perceived publication pressure on authorship perceptions. The results indicate that academics in Switzerland interpret scientific authorship more leniently than their colleagues in Germany and Austria. The findings further indicate that, as perceived pressure to publish increases, researchers are more likely to belong to a group of academics who hold the view that any type of contribution/task justifies co-authorship, including even those contributions/tasks that do not justify co-authorship according to most authorship guidelines. In summary, the present study suggests that action is required to harmonize regulations for scientific authorship and to improve the research culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publications in peer-reviewed journals are the most important currency in science. But what about publications in non-peer-reviewed magazines? The objective of this study was to analyze the publications of scientists, with a focus on pharmacologists, in the non-peer-reviewed German science magazine Biospektrum from 1999 to 2021. Biospektrum is edited by five scientific societies in Germany including the Society for Experimental and Clinical Society Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and provides opportunities to researchers to showcase their research to a broad audience. We analyzed 3197 authors of 1326 articles. Compared to the fields of biochemistry, microbiology, and genetics, pharmacology was largely underrepresented. Just three institutions in Germany contributed most papers to Biospektrum. Researchers with a doctoral degree were the largest author group, followed by researchers with a habilitation degree. Among all major fields, women were underrepresented as authors, particularly as senior authors. The Covid pandemic leads to a drop of publications of female first authors but not last authors. Compared to publications in the peer-reviewed journal Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (Zehetbauer et al., Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 395:39-50 (2022)), female pharmacologists were underrepresented in the Biospektrum. Thus, German pharmacologists as a group do not value investing in "social impact" gained by publications in Biospektrum, and this attitude is even more prominent among female pharmacologists. Investing less in "social impact" by female pharmacologists may result in reduced visibility on the academic job market and may contribute to reduced opportunities to achieve high academic positions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Research collaboration is promoted by governments and research funders, but if the relative prevalence and merits of collaboration vary internationally then different national and disciplinary strategies may be needed to promote it. This study compares the team size and field normalized citation impact of research across all 27 Scopus broad fields in the 10 countries with the most journal articles indexed in Scopus 2008–2012. The results show that team size varies substantially by discipline and country, with Japan (4.2) having two‐thirds more authors per article than the United Kingdom (2.5). Solo authorship is rare in China (4%) but common in the United Kingdom (27%). While increasing team size associates with higher citation impact in almost all countries and fields, this association is much weaker in China than elsewhere. There are also field differences in the association between citation impact and collaboration. For example, larger team sizes in the Business, Management & Accounting category do not seem to associate with greater research impact, and for China and India, solo authorship associates with higher citation impact in this field. Overall, there are substantial international and field differences in the extent to which researchers collaborate and the extent to which collaboration associates with higher citation impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author traces Leopold von Ranke's use of rhetoric to represent history by building on Hayden White's thesis of the poetic prefiguration of scholarly historiography in the nineteenth century in Europe. Ranke is considered the central figure for the modernization of German historiography and its status as an academic and scholarly discipline. An analysis of the sisterhood between Clio and Callipe in Ranke's historiography is presented.

The relative backwardness of eighteenth-century German literature and the presumed ambivalence of German writers towards political power have traditionally been explained by the lack of a copyright law in Germany, which meant that German writers, in contrast to their British contemporaries, were often financially dependent on the state. This paper argues that the differences between British and German writers in economic terms have been overstated. British copyright law did not in fact serve the interests of writers to the extent that has traditionally been supposed. In Germany and Britain the situation of writers was determined more by the underlying economics of the publishing trade, especially the high cost of book production, which enabled publishers to pursue monopolistic practices and tilted the tables in favour of publishers and against writers. This argument has further implications for our understanding of the politics of German literature in the late eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the practical application of Integrative Validation Therapy (IVA) in a nursing home for people with dementia was investigated and evaluated from the perspectives of professionals and relatives by using Fourth Generation Evaluation. IVA, a complex intervention frequently applied in Germany’s long-term care settings, is a modification of Feil’s Validation Therapy and contains a specific attitude and several components of action. The findings demonstrate that professionals as well as relatives of nursing home residents gave the intervention a positive rating. From the perspective of the participating professionals, the application of IVA results in less agitated residents which also has an influence on the consumption of benzodiazepine and neuroleptics. The authors conclude that IVA is a beneficial nursing intervention helping to facilitate the illness-related transition process of people with dementia. IVA is able to support them to cope with emotional distress during transition (e.g. irritability, anxiety, depression, changes in self-esteem). Another conclusion is that IVA supports person-centred care because, with IVA, professionals react to typical needs people with dementia have: comfort, inclusion, attachment and identity (Kitwood, 2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A total of 22,367 bibliometric articles have been indexed by Web of Science (WoS). The most significant contribution to the field has not yet been identified through bibliometric analysis. A comparison of individual research achievements (IRAs) and trend analysis of article citations are required after extracting bibliometric articles. The study aimed to confirm whether the leading author has a dominant RA and which articles are worth reading for readers using trend analysis., Methods: We identified authors with at least 100 articles related to bibliometrics in the WoS core collection. A total of 399 articles were collected to cluster author collaborations. Co-word analysis and chord diagrams were used to match chief authors in clusters with Keywords Plus in WoS core collection. The category, journal impact factor, authorship, and L-index (CJAL) score and the absolute advantage coefficient (AAC) were used to compare IRAs and identify the leading author who dominated the field significantly beyond the next 2 authors. In addition to network charts and chord diagrams, 4 visualizations were used to report study results, including a Sankey diagram, a dot plot, a temporal trend graph, and a radar plot. The temporal bubble graph was used to select articles that deserve to be read., Results: The top 3 authors were Lutz Bornmann, Yuh-Shan Ho, and Giovanni Abramo, with CJAL scores of 176.22, 176.02, and 112.06, respectively, from Germany, Italy, and Taiwan. Based on the weak dominance coefficient (AAC = 0.20 < 0.70), it is evident that the leading bibliometric author has no such significant power beyond the next 2 leading authors in IRAs. A trend analysis of the last 4 years was used to illustrate the 2 articles that deserve to be read., Conclusion: Three leading authors were identified through a co-word analysis of bibliometrics. There was no evidence of an author who possessed a dominant position due to a lower AAC on the leading author. The CJAL score and the AAC can be applied to many bibliographical studies in the future rather than being limited to bibliometric studies that evaluate the leading authors in a field, as we did in this study., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

This essay uses the Viennese remigré writer and journalist, Friedrich Torberg (1908–1979), his Austrian Jewish cohort, and their invented “Central Europe” and “Austrian Literature” to argue for a paradigmatic shift in émigré historiography. The cosmopolitan narrative predominating in émigré historiography has marginalized traditional Judaism. By shifting the focus from the German to the Austrian émigrés, and from the European nation state to the Austrian Empire, historians can reclaim traditional Jewish culture and pluralize the hegemonic narrative. Late imperial Austria, constitutionally federalist and ethnically and culturally diverse, made room for a Jewish national culture in ways that Germany did not. The Austrian émigrés shaped visions of Central Europe that foregrounded Jewishness and provided wider space for Jewish life than comparable visions of leading German émigrés. Yet, even Austrian émigré visions remained largely incognizant of rabbinic culture, the core of traditional Jewish life. To make traditional Jews agents of Jewish European history, European historiography must now move to incorporate rabbinic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany has an unusually large number of literary prize foundations in international comparison. The historical and socio-political reasons for such a widespread ritual appropriation of 'award-winning' authors can tell us a great deal about changing notions of German cultural identity. This paper argues that whereas the long-running named literary prizes (such as the Büchner and Kleist prizes) place their laureates in a retrospective tradition that is firmly tied to national and regional cultural politics, a new breed of prizes - spearheaded by the German Book Prize - has emerged since the beginning of the twenty-first century that deliberately seeks to propel authors beyond the confines of the German literary field. These prizes proactively 'celebrify' the author with the explicit intention of bringing to market a self-consciously contemporary, more diverse image of Germanness. Pursuing a literary career in such a context is both a challenge and an opportunity, as the specific case of Daniel Kehlmann shows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we investigated the representation of countries and continents in the publication of six English language journals of sport and exercise psychology from 1997 until 2011. We selected all articles (N = 2093) published in theJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,The Sport Psychologist,Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,Journal of Sport Behavior,Psychology of Sport and Exercise, andInternational Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychologyduring 1997–2011 and all proceedings (N = 2034) in the last four World Congress of Sport Psychology (1997, 2001, 2005, and 2009). Then, we classified them by country and continent where the first author's institution was located. Five English-speaking countries (USA, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) represented 82% of the total publications in the six journals and 38.5% of congress proceedings. These were followed by five European countries (France, Germany, Greece, Norway, and Belgium) accumulating 10% of the total publications. The continents of Asia, Africa, and Latin America represented less than 4% of the publications but 28.2% of congress proceedings. There was a very high correlation between continents' representation in journal editorial boards and journal publications. Reviewers and readers should be aware of systematic errors that might happen in the review process of submitted manuscripts describing studies which have been conducted in non-English-speaking countries but which are eventually rejected in English language journals of sport and exercise psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the author's work on his book "William Stern (1871-1938): A Brief Introduction to His Life and Works," which focuses on German psychologist and philosopher William Stern. Stern's work in theoretical psychology and the psychology of personality is described, including discussions of his invention of differential psychology, his theory of critical personalism, and his thought on the distinction between persons and things. Stern's invention of the intelligence quotient (IQ) is noted, and the author's lectures on Stern as a guest professor at the Philosophy institute at the University of Hamburg are discussed.

Background: One quality parameter of medical theses is the number of articles published by the doctoral candidates. Over the course of the past decade the Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin has taken steps to improve the quality of the theses completed by its doctoral students in medicine and increase their publication activity. This study was designed to verify the efficacy of these measures and to detect general trends. Method: Medical theses completed in 1998, 2004 and 2008 (sample size >250 for each year) were retrospectively analyzed with regard to associated publications within a 7-year period (from 5 years before completion to 2 years thereafter). Quality and quantity were recorded. Publications found in the PubMed database were evaluated; the impact factor of the publishing journal was used as quality parameter. Results: The sample sizes were 264 for 1998, 316 for 2004, and 316 for 2008. The number of publications per doctoral student increased from 0.78 to 1.39 over the course of the study period, and the average impact factor rose from 2.42 to 3.62. Analysis using the current impact factors of the publishing journals showed an increase from 3.13 to 3.85. The proportion of case reports fell from 12.7% to 8%. The proportion of first authorships remained about the same. Conclusion: The past decade has seen an increase in the number of publications by doctoral students at the Charité and a rise in the aver age impact factor of the journals concerned. INSET: KEY MESSAGES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Governmental funding support is seen as a prerequisite for the growth of research in general practice. Several funding programs in the amount of € 13.2 Mio were introduced in Germany from 2002 to February 2012. We aim to provide an overview of publications reporting original data and systematic reviews from German academic family medicine published between 2000 and 2010. Methods: Publications were identified by searching the database Scopus and screening publication lists of family medicine divisions or institutes. Papers had to report original primary research studies or systematic reviews; at least one of the authors had to be affiliated to a German academic family medicine division or institute. Results: 794 articles were included. The number of publications increased steadily starting from 107 in the period from 2000 to 2003, to 273 from 2004 to 2007, and finally to 414 from 2008 to 2010. Less than 25% were published in English in the first period. This proportion increased to 60.6% from 2008 to 2010. Articles published in a journal without impact factor decreased from 59.8% to 31.9%. Nevertheless, even in the most recent period only 31.6% of all articles were published in a journal with an impact factor above 2. The median impact factor increased from 0 in the first period to 1.2 in the last. Conclusions: The output of original research publications from academic research divisions and institutes for general practice in Germany greatly increased during the last decade. However, professionalism of German primary care research still needs to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gedruckte Bücher um 1500 sind in Deutschland im Normalfall lateinisch, religiös und belehrend. Der Eulenspiegel ist in jeder Beziehung eine Ausnahme, was seinen sofortigen, internationalen und vielerorts bis heute ungebrochenen Erfolg ebenso erstaunlich macht wie es ihn erklären dürfte. Die Vorrede macht keinen Hehl daraus: Der Autor sei des Lateins unkundig und bittet die Leser, das Buch nicht zu Zeiten des Gottesdienstes aufzuschlagen, das er „Nur allein“ zusammengestellt habe, „umb ein frölich Gemüt zu machen in schweren Zeiten“. Die Traditionalität der Vorrede ist bekannt, doch sie betrifft diesen letzten Punkt nicht, sodass wir durchaus danach fragen können, wie der Text mit seinem Verzicht auf Lehre und Wissenstransfer umgeht und ob sich dieser Umgang im Laufe der 500jährigen Rezeptionsgeschichte ändert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines artist Daniel Buren's visual work, together with his critical and analytical writings. Buren believes that writing is composed of more than a mere explanation of his work a posteriori. It is said that the artist uses critical writing to show that the visual practice alone cannot convey the totality of his artistic practice and that words are needed to elucidate that which is not yet seen. In 1965, Buren made the decision to limit his artistic practice to painting only vertical stripes 8.7 centimeters wide. In the 1970s, he started to alter his site-specific practice. It cites the creation of the Cabane éclatée for the site in Situ show presented at the Konrad Fischer Gallery in Düsseldorf, Germany.

The article presents a comparative study on the differences and similarities of the laws and case law of copyright ownership in works created in employment relationships in Colombia, Germany, and the U.S. It discusses the ownership of specific kinds of works particularly computer programs regulated in the European Community Directive 91/250. Furthermore, it analyzes the authorship and differences between the author's right law system and the Anglo American Copyright system.

This study explores Keller's Romeo und Julia and Storm's Der Schimmeireiter to show the persistence of myth in German realism. Although the ciphers for myth differ significantly in the two novellas, they have a common source-the discourse of sacrifice. In both texts, sacrifice delimits violence, generates ritual in the social sphere, and demonstrates how community is engendered. The key difference is that in Romeo und Julia the sacrificial concern is with the production of an enigmatic space that functions aesthetically, as it relates to play and childhood. In the case of Der Schimmelreiter, by contrast, the concern is with instrumentalizing the sacrificial object with the effect that it becomes society's mythical founder and shield. The texts share motifs of entombment, crypts, specters, secrets, and uncanny spaces, motifs that are at once the repression and disclosure of myth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents analysis on the authorship of the book "De Reductione." Dieter Hattrup, a professor from Paderborn, Germany who presented an argument on Roger Bacon's involvement in the composition of the book which is evoked by the fleeting memory of a pop culture game. While hesitating the claims of Roger Bacon and Bonaventure on the authorship, Hattrup developed a systematic study that leads step by step, association to association, back to Roger Bacon. It also emphasizes a particular point where Hattrup objected on the Bonaventure's authorship as it revolves on the text's willingness to ascribe to Hugh on the role of contemplative exemplar.

The article analyzes American perspectives on German historiography and of the German-American scholarly community during the 1960s. An exploration of many historians' personal papers, as well as of institutional files shows the different American views on modern German history and the German historical profession. The author also challenges the predominant West German historiographical master narrative, which suggests a nearly linear modernization of the West German historical profession since the 1960s. In addition, the author offers an overview of the historiograpical developments in the 1970s that eventually highlights the argument developed about the past decade.

The article focuses on the novel "Ferdinand, der Mann mit dem freundlichen Herzen," by Irmgard Keun. It mentions that the novel refers repeatedly to writing, and specifically to difficulties with writing experienced by someone who has returned to western Germany after 1945. According to Keun, the novel talks about her present and future capacity as an author in postwar West Germany almost entirely in terms of her circumstances after 1945.

The article attempts to draw together an eclectic selection of recent work on Germany's long nineteenth century to underscore the ways in which scholars are already meeting Jürgen Osterhammel's challenges by pushing past once-stifling periodizations and rethinking notions of the modern, the nation, and the trajectories of the country's history in remarkable and instructive ways. It notes that scholars like Osterhammel have not only challenged the presentist notions of many political scientists and sociologists engaged in theorizing globalization as a reasonably recent phenomenon, they have also used their global perspectives to reconsider the contours of German history.

Abstract: This paper analyses how the authority of west German media workers to produce ‘truthful’ representations about unification and eastern Germany after 1989 was discursively constructed. Rather than simply assuming the superiority of western knowledge, I show that the right of western media producers to speak for and about east Germany had to be constructed and defended discursively on a number of registers. Western journalists, in particular, had to demonstrate their credibility towards west and east German audiences, evidence their ability to report objectively and authoritatively, and prove themselves superior in the production of knowledge. Their truth claims had to be negotiated in the midst of a range of competing discourses. The complicated constitution of audiences meant that western journalists had to cast themselves in various different roles to justify their position as ‘knowing subjects’: as explorers, surveyors, observers, commentators, mediators and/or educators. The paper explores, how the divergence between these different positions was reconciled through a number of discursive strategies. I highlight the ambivalences and internal contradictions produced within journalistic discourses as well as through the existence of differentiated audiences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the confessionalization and literature in Germany from 1555 to 1700. It also aims to identify the concept of confessionalization that has been molded in recent decades in German historiography as an interpretative tool for the period, and to explore the relationships between confessionalization and literature as well as the applicability of the tenet of confessionalization to the history of literature.

This article outlines the presence of Thomas Wolfe in Nazi concentration camps and his influence to his inmates. The works of Wolfe were not identified that much to be included in their collections and not actually read by some prisoners during this period. This suggests that it may have been easier to obtain his books in a concentration camp than elsewhere in Germany. His presence in the archetypical sites of Nazi persecution and repression provides a curious footnote to the account of his multifaceted connections to the Germans and their land.

When Germaine de Staël published De I'Allemagne in the fall of 1813, Europe was undergoing rapid change. The nationalistic rhetoric in German states that accompanied the defeat of Napoleon created an unfavorable environment for the reception of a French book on Germany. As a result, Staël's book elicited negative reactions in the German literary community. In contrast, the German-Jewish salonnières Sophie yon Grotthuß and Rahel Levin offered more nuanced responses. In their correspondence, they contested an exclusive and inward-looking German identity and took Stall's book as an opportunity to reflect on questions of authorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an interview with author Reginald McKnight. He stresses that he was born in Fürstenfeldbrü, Germany at the time his military father was stationed in the area. He asserts that he considers Colorado as his home because it is where he had experienced all the major rites of passage. He claims that about five percent of the story he's writing is about the things he know.

Objectives: Our objectives were to analyze and assess data formats for their suitability for conclusive and secure long-term archiving and to develop a concept for legally secure transformation of electronically signed documents that are not available in data formats appropriate for long-term archiving.Methods: On the basis of literature review and Internet searches we developed general evaluation criteria to assess data formats with regard to their suitability for conclusive and secure long-term archiving. The assessment of data formats refers to format specifications and available literature. For the analyses of the transformation of signed documents we analyzed legal requirements on the basis of laws and ordinances as well as technical requirements by means of literature reviews, Internet searches and technical specifications.Results: The following evaluation criteria are suited for this kind of assessment of data formats: transparency and standardization, stability, presentation and security. According to our assessment the following data formats are most suitable for conclusive and secure long-term archiving: PDF for formatted and unstructured text documents, XML for markup languages, TIFF for images in general, DICOM for medical images and S/MIME for the storage of e-mail. To transform electronically signed documents we propose an elementary procedure and universal basic model in form of an XML schema definition that includes the necessary legal and technical information.Conclusions: If electronic documents are to replace paper-based documents in patient records, they have to conform to the criteria for secure long-term archiving. The analyzed data formats are to be extended by mechanisms to guarantee the long-term security of electronic signatures. To transform large quantities of documents in a legally secure way, our basic model has to be extended for automated procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the work of film director Douglas Sirk as a case study of a central deliberation in David Bathrick's work, "the limits and possibilies of artistic agency." Sirk has exerted strong influence on discussions about authorship and authorial resistance to the ideolological determinations of Hollywood and the studio system. He also contributed to the international discovery and subsequent valorization of the New German cinema.

The Joint Polish—German Commission for the Revision of School Textbooks was set up in 1972, bringing together historians from Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany in view of reopening a scholarly dialogue after decades of almost complete noncommunication. Until the late 1980s, the commission played a prominent role as a forum for cross-national discussions on Polish-German Beziehungsgeschichte, and most of the leading Polish experts in German history participated in its proceedings. For the development of Polish historiography on Germany the work of the commission seems to have been relevant in at least two respects. The commission's regular conferences on controversial or methodologically complex issues of Polish-German Beziehungsgeschichte contributed, on the one hand, to defining a new agenda for Polish historiography on Germany. The interest in explicitly comparative approaches to German and Polish history increased, and the focus shifted from specifically 'Polish interests' in German history to more general issues. On the other hand, these conferences provided Polish historians with the opportunity to make their research more visible to German historians (even outside the field of specialised East Europeanists)—a fact that encouraged Polish historiography on Germany to pursue more ambitious tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author discusses German "Holocaust memorials" in terms of culture during the period of November 9, 1989, and October 3, 1990. He describes that events of 1989 and the unification that followed are a turning point that necessarily also transforms the overall view of twentieth-century Germany. Before 1990 German historiography was largely preoccupied with the origins of National Socialism. The growing scholarly interest more in the consequences than in the origins of National Socialism: in the development of East and West Germany and in their links to Nazi society, politics, economy, and culture.

Presents an article on writing "Rachel Marker and Her Book of Shadows," the tenth text in the series of "Traveling Companions/Fractured Worlds" essays that deal with world histories. Presentation of the text "Rachel Marker and Her Book of Shadows"; Range of histories included in the essays; Highlights of a trip to Berlin, Germany; Reflections made in the course of writing about Asia in the "Obdurate History" text.

Background: In light of replication and translational failures, biomedical research practices have recently come under scrutiny. Experts have pointed out that the current incentive structures at research institutions do not sufficiently incentivise researchers to invest in robustness and transparency and instead incentivise them to optimize their fitness in the struggle for publications and grants. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe whether and how relevant policies of university medical centres in Germany support the robust and transparent conduct of research and how prevalent traditional metrics are., Methods: For 38 German university medical centres, we searched for institutional policies for academic degrees and academic appointments as well as websites for their core facilities and research in general between December 2020 and February 2021. We screened the documents for mentions of indicators of robust and transparent research (study registration; reporting of results; sharing of research data, code and protocols; open access; and measures to increase robustness) and for mentions of more traditional metrics of career progression (number of publications; number and value of awarded grants; impact factors; and authorship order)., Results: While open access was mentioned in 16% of PhD regulations, other indicators of robust and transparent research were mentioned in less than 10% of institutional policies for academic degrees and academic appointments. These indicators were more frequently mentioned on the core facility and general research websites. Institutional policies for academic degrees and academic appointments had frequent mentions of traditional metrics., Conclusions: References to robust and transparent research practices are, with a few exceptions, generally uncommon in institutional policies at German university medical centres, while traditional criteria for academic promotion and tenure still prevail., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Motivated by the worldwide debate on gender equality, we analyzed the gender structure of the authors and the editorial board of Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. We wrote an algorithm to assign authors' first names to a gender to determine the gender distribution of publications. We evaluated publications from German research institutes from 2000 to 2020. This resulted in a data set of 2929 authors. We could assign a first name to almost all authors. The percentage of female authors increased until 2008, but thereafter stagnated at around 30%. The position of senior author is far less often held by women (around 15%). Even though multiple political measures were implemented to increase the female participation, our analysis has shown no increase regardless. We also observed a strong decrease in German authorship (both male and female) since 2000. In the editorial board and for advisory editors, there has been a substantial increase in the proportion of women since 2016 as the result of appointments by the editor-in-chief. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our study in context with the literature and current developments in society and science and methodological pitfalls of studies in this field. More research is required to obtain a full picture of gender structure in science and to be able to properly interpret the data., (© 2021. The Author(s).)