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The phylum Actinobacteria is recognized as the most promising producer of many bioactive compounds. Among Actinobacteria, the genus Streptomyces is a prolific producer of many antibiotics, for example, Streptomycin. The present study investigates the bioactivity profiles of Actinobacterium BTA 1-131 (A1205) isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge, Melophlus sarassinorum. Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolate is similar to Streptomyces kunmingensis (98.4%). The isolate was cultivated in three fermentation media (ISP2, YS, and SYP) to select the best media for producing bioactive compounds. The compounds were extracted from solid and liquid cultures using methanol as a solvent. The crude methanolic extracts were tested for antibacterial and anticancer activities. The bioactivity screening indicated potential activity of the extracts against bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13420, invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells CACO-2. Profiling using LC-MS/MS indicated the probable influence of fermentation media to induce the selective production of bioactive compounds. Although further dereplication and fractionation are essential for the specific identification of bioactive compounds, the present study demonstrates the potential of Streptomyces BTA 1-131 as a producer of tetracycline and/or staurosporine. Further genomic analysis, such as whole genome sequencing, will also be beneficial to enable comprehensive exploration of the bioactive potential of BTA 1-131 via a genome-mining approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Actinomycetes isolated from marine habitats are known to have the potential for novel enzymes that are beneficial in the industry. In-depth knowledge is necessary given the variety of this bacterial group in Indonesia and the lack of published research. Actinomycetes isolates (BLH 5-14) obtained from marine sediments of Sarena Kecil, Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, showed an ability to produce pectinase and xylanase that have equal or even higher potential for pectic-oligosaccharides (POS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from raw biomass than from commercial substrates. This study's objective was to characterize both enzymes to learn more for future research and development. Results: Pectinase had the highest activity on the 6th day (1.44±0.08 U/mL) at the optimum pH of 8.0 and optimum temperature of 50 °C. Xylanase had the maximum activity on the 6th day (4.33±0.03 U/mL) at optimum pH 6.0 and optimum temperature 60 °C. Hydrolysis and thin layer chromatography also showed that pectinase was able to produce monosaccharides such as galacturonic acid (P1), and xylanase was able to yield oligosaccharides such as xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4), and xylopentaose (X5). BLH 5–14 identified as the genus Streptomyces based on the 16S rDNA sequences and the closely related species Streptomyces tendae (99,78%). Conclusions: In the eco-friendly paper bleaching industry, Streptomyces tendae has demonstrated the potential to create enzymes with properties that can be active in a wide range of pH levels. The oligosaccharides have the potential as prebiotics or dietary supplements with anti-cancer properties. Further research is needed to optimize the production, purification, and development of the application of pectinase and xylanase enzymes produced by Actinomycetes isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine invertebrates have been reported to be an excellent resource of many novel bioactive compounds. Studies reported that Indonesia has remarkable yet underexplored marine natural products, with a high chemical diversity and a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review discusses recent updates on the exploration of marine natural products from Indonesian marine invertebrates (i.e., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) throughout 2007–2020. This paper summarizes the structural diversity and biological function of the bioactive compounds isolated from Indonesian marine invertebrates as antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral, while also presenting the opportunity for further investigation of novel compounds derived from Indonesian marine invertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]