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Agriculture 4.0 and 5.0 generate good expectations of satisfying the growing demand for food in a sustainable way. However, in order to make effective use of scientific and technological developments, infrastructure, knowledge, experience and skills are required. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze the technological capacity of the Mexican agri-food sector for the adoption of new technologies. The documentary research method was used, and the information was obtained from the Encuesta Nacional Agropecuaria, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and the Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad. A cluster analysis was performed to generate a typology of states, in addition to an analysis of variance with the Kruskal–Wallis H Test for independent samples, for which the IBM® SPSS Statistics program was used. The variables analyzed presented very low values, indicating low technological capabilities. Three clusters of states with different technological capabilities were identified. The first was formed of four states in the north of the country with high technological capabilities, for which it was expected that they would have higher adoption rates. Next, there was a group made up of ten states in the north and center of the country with intermediate technological capabilities. Finally, there was a group of 18 states of the country made up of states from the center and south of the country, which present the lowest levels. The results indicate that the technological capacities for the adoption of new technologies in the Mexican agri-food sector are low in general, and are concentrated in some highly specialized regions linked to international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors that influence young Mexicans' choice of career is essential to generate strategies able to attract new students to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The objective of this study was to develop and verify the psychometric properties (realibility and construct validity) of the scales "Student peer support" (APE-STEM) and "Outcome expectations" (EXREC-STEM) in high school students' choice of STEM college degrees by generating a structural equation model. Likert scales were administered to 167 students from rural and urban schools in southeastern Mexico. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses show adequate fit and an internal consistency of a = .82 and .84, confirming the empirical soundness of the model and leading to the conclusion that these scales are highly reliable for use in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past fifty years have witnessed intense local and international gender equity activism. However, the gender landscape has not transformed significantly to reflect a gender equal and just space. Men continue to occupy top influential political and economic positions. While current theoretical work on gender has developed incisive analytic tools which problematise gender essentialism, normative gender stereotypes persist and continue to dominate the institutional practices in many management positions in technological institutions in Mexico. The purpose of this study was to interrogate gender representation in key management positions in the state technological institutes of the central zone of Mexico. We analysed employment and recruitment documents available on the national database and compared the statistics on gender lines to establish the percentage of male and female managers in the science and technological institutes. The results showed that a greater proportion of management positions were occupied by men who were underqualified academically and professionally. Though there were few women in these posts, those women had appropriate and relevant qualifications. We conclude that gender difference may be used to explain the gender biased employment practices in key leadership positions in the technological institutes in Mexico. We also suggest possible research, policy and practical implications beyond the borders of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work makes a recount on the ideological and economic heritage of 36 years of domination of neoliberalism in Mexico, as well as of the presence of exacerbated individualism, and the need to renew nationalism as a binding factor. All which becomes in a manufacturing sector dominated by transnational corporations with internal and external economic and political powers, and interests that do not necessarily match national ones; also, in a national entrepreneurship that avoids competition and takes refuge in sectors that produce goods and services that are not internationally tradable, in addition to a scientific and technological system disconnected from the production apparatus. All this makes it necessary to recover lost time through a more active role of the state in planning growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Social studies of sciences have shown that they use the concept of the usefulness of science and technology as a contributor to well-being and social and economic development to legitimize scientific activity. This usefulness is concretized in interactions which are materialized in the scientific-technological production that legitimizes scientific and technical endeavors. In the case of the Mexican Space Agency, for example, the author maintains that in emerging institutions, "sociability" plays the role of materializing the usefulness expectations to bestow legitimacy on scientific-technological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is to honor EDUARDO IBARRA COLADO. He was one of those who had started the critical thoughts into the Administration field in Mexico. He went beyond to the pragmatism's Administration as to the contemplation of the Sociology itself. The authors of this article have taken two of his texts, where he though-turnover of the phenomenon of the inequality and marginalization, which happens into no hegemonic society's sectors. From their own critical opinion, they dealt with some of the relations between Administration and Organizational Studies in Latin-American countries, mainly in Mexico. They also showed its relevance outlining the implication of the definition of curricula and the studies programs related to one of the most requested professional career in Mexico: Administration bachelor's degree. The authors described in, how the legitimated way of the occidental orthodox discuss into the organization's knowledge does, to marginalize another types of non-hegemonic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico is the second country in Latin America with regard to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research and Development, according to various indicators. Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies are viewed as strategic areas in government policy since 2001. In the last few decades, important policy changes in Science and Technology (S&T) have been implemented with an aim to integrate the business sector with government scientific research. This article reviews information from the Web of Science relevant to articles on nanoscience and nanotechnology stretching back 12 years, and explains the changes in S&T policy. The information uncovered leads to three conclusions: the participation of the business sector is negligible; there is a significant concentration of scientific production among a very few institutions; and the country is essentially divided geographically, with scientific production concentrated in the center and north of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the social representation, held by elementary school teachers in the municipality of Puebla, of science and technology as elements that allow society to know and transform nature. The basis of the description is the theory of social representations, with the methodology proposed by its structural branch. In general terms, science and technology are perceived as somewhat more favorable for humans than for nature. A reconsideration of their roles in society may trigger a process of transition toward a Mexican model of science and technology that will respond better to the nation's social, cultural, and natural needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of some of the gains and constraints in the process of construction of a knowledge society in the state of Morelos, Mexico, focusing mainly on the development and use of ICT and on the role of institutions of higher education (IES- acronym in Spanish). To this end, documentary and field research methods were applied; interviews were conducted with experts and a case study from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos [Autonomous University of the State of Morelos] is reported. The following conclusions were highlighted: a) while Morelos has made significant progress in scientific and technological matters, challenges remain in order to be able to even speak of a knowledge society; b) the fact that institutions of higher education have ICT does not necessarily mean that they have adequately appropriated them and employ them to improve their processes; and c) institutions of higher education need to generate outreach programs that engage with the region so that technological developments are translated into benefits for the people of Morelos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Sociologica (0186-6028) is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filosoficas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)