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aimel,1 Mohammed M Alshehri,4 Bader A Alqahtani,1 Faris A Alodaibi51Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Physical Rehabilitation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Joint Clinic, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Rehabilitation Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Correspondence: Ahmed S Alhowimel, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, Tel +96611558888, Email a.a; [email protected] Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to validate the Arabic version of the Attitude toward Education and Advice for Low Back Pain (AxEL) Questionnaire. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. First, the AxEL questionnaire was translated into Arabic and cross-culturally adapted. Second, the psychometric properties (such as validity) of the translated AxEL were evaluated. Results: The results showed that back translators and language specialists had no trouble translating the AxEL. The translators' agreement was very high (88.2%), and the questionnaire items were logically and clearly translated from English into Arabic. Conclusion: The Arabic version of AxEL is a valid tool that can assess individuals' beliefs and attitudes towards low back pain (LBP). It fills a significant void in cross-cultural research and can help healthcare providers understand the attitudes and beliefs influencing individuals' management of LBP within the Arabic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Family & Community Medicine is the property of Wolters Kluwer India Pvt Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives. This study aimed to assess fall prevalence, identify related risk factors, and establish cut-off scores for fall risk measures among community-dwelling adults in Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in community, Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. A sample of 276 Saudi citizens aged ≥40 years who were able to read and write in Arabic. Fall history and number of falls in the past 12 months were determined via self-reports. Variables assessed included demographic information, self-reported chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, and back pain severity. Results. Participants were classified as either fallers (n = 28, 10.14%) or non-fallers. Fallers were more likely to have arthritis (odds ratio [OR]: 7.60, pD0:001), back pain (OR: 5.22, p = 0:002), and higher depressive symptom scores (OR: 1.09, p = 0:013) than non-fallers. The number of reported falls was significantly associated with an elevated body mass index (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.09, pD0:045), arthritis (IRR: 8.74, p<0:001), back pain (IRR: 4.08, pD0:005), neurological diseases (IRR: 13.75, p<0:007), and depressive symptoms (IRR: 1.08, pD0:005). Cut-off scores predictive of falls associated with back pain and depressive symptoms were 1.5 (sensitivity: 0.61; specificity: 0.79; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.70) and 11.5 score (sensitivity: 0.57; specificity: 0.76; AUC: 0.66), respectively. Conclusions. The prevalence of falls was relatively low among the individuals considered in this study. Chronic conditions, back pain severity, and depressive symptoms were determined to be associated with falls among community-dwelling individuals in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of pet owners and their sources of information regarding pet-related health risks. It also assesses pet owners' perception of pet-related health risks and evaluates their attitudes and practices regarding preventative measures toward pet-related health risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from September 2020 to February 2021. The target population was pet owners visiting pet stores. The city was divided into five equal sectors and data were collected from each sector using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 508 participants were engaged in the study. Of these, 402 participants fit the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the participants was 25.5 years. Gender was almost equally distributed, and the majority of participants were single, however most of the participants lived with four or more family members. Around 49.5% of participants had household members at a higher risk for pet-related diseases. The most common pet types were cats (77.4%), followed by birds (24.6%) and dogs (9.7%). Most participants were satisfied with their understanding of pet-related health risks and were not concerned about getting sick because of contact with pets. Physical harm was the most common pet-related health risk that the participants were satisfied with their level of understanding about, on the other hand their satisfaction with their understanding about gastrointestinal infections from pet contact was the lowest. Most participants had good pet husbandry and hygiene practices. Social media and veterinarians were the most common sources of information regarding pet-related health risks. Conclusion: Although most pet owners reported having good pet husbandry practices, further education is needed to raise awareness about pet-related health risks. Since most pet owners receive their information about this topic from social media and veterinarians, further education through these platforms might be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical data point toward gender-based differences in COVID-19 severity. However, there is insufficient research examining whether gender predicts physical activity (PA) and fatigue severity in patients recovering from COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the PA and fatigue severity in a cohort of patients recovering from COVID-19 infection and measure the extent to which gender-based differences moderate the relationship of PA with fatigue. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The sample comprised patients recovering from COVID-19 over at least 3 months. Recovered patients were stratified into two groups based on gender. The survey included items pertaining to sociodemographic, a fatigue severity scale and a self-reported international PA questionnaire. Results: Eighty-seven patients (44 women and 43 men) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with men, women reported sedentary behavior (70%) and high fatigue severity (64%). A significantly higher number of women had a low PA score compared with men (p =.002). The findings indicated that gender significantly moderates the effect of total PA in metabolic equivalents (METs; min/wk) on fatigue severity [F = 4.8, p =.03, ΔR2 = 0.24]. Conclusions: The current study suggests that women might be at risk of higher fatigue severity, in addition to engaging less in PA. Physical activity may plays a significant role in modulate the fatigue severity. Consequently, interventions aimed at promoting physical activity in women stand high chances of addressing the disparity in the distribution of prevalence of fatigue between men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehydration is linked to worse cognitive functions and preference for beverages that are linked to obesity and other health conditions. Saudi Arabia's hot climate can exacerbate these effects and it is important to ensure that children in the region understand the benefits of adequate water intake. To evaluate secondary school student perceptions and practices regarding water intake, investigate how water intake is related to BMI and school performance, and compare international schools to national schools. This cross-sectional study surveyed understanding and practices relating to water intake of national and international secondary school students using a questionnaire based on a random selection of schools and students. One-hundred and sixty-two students from international schools (I) and 157 from national schools (N) responded. Most were aged 16 and 17 years old (I:61.1%, N:76.5%, p =.005). The average BMI of all students was 24.9 ± 6.013 (I:23.6 ± 4.658, N:26.1 ± 6.931, p < 0.001). Students understood beverages do not replace water intake (I:80.2%, N:75.8%, p =.337) and preferred water when thirsty (I:77.8%, N:75.2%, p =.549). However, water consumption was low with more than 50% of students drinking less than 1500 ml a day (I:54.3%, N:70.7%, p =.002). A positive correlation between BMI and water intake was observed only among international school students. Students have inadequate water intake despite understanding the importance of hydration. There are some differences between international school students and national school students that can be attributed to the availability and sources of water, though other factors cannot be excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prevalence of frailty has been previously established in different Western countries; however, the prevalence and the burden of in the aging populations of Saudi Arabia has not been examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of frailty, and associated factors among Saudi older population.Methods: The study included a total of 486 community-dwelling elderly adults aged 60 years and over living in the Riyadh area. This study took place from August 2019 to June 2020. The prevalence of frailty was determined using the Fried's frailty phenotype. Association between sociodemographic features and clinical factors and frailty was estimated by Odds Ratio and confidence intervals (OR, IC 95%) using a multinomial logistic regression model.Results: The overall prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty were 47.3 and 21.4%, respectively. The following factors were associated with being frail: age (OR: 6.92; 95%CI 3.11-15.41); living alone (OR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.12-5.59); had more chronic conditions (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16-3.30); and cognitive impairment (OR: 7.07; 95%CI: 3.92-12.74).Conclusions: The Compared with other populations, the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia was high. The implications of frailty in this population should be discussed in future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Radiation is an integral part of routine medical practice, but it carries a risk to the health of medical staff. Hence, it should be assessed periodically. The study's goal was to quantify the levels of radiation exposure for medical staff at King Faisal Medical Complex (KFMC), Taif City Saudi Arabia, and to assess their radiation protective procedures in practice. The study looked at the thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) records of 50 medical professionals who were exposed to radiation while working at KFMC from 2019 to 2020 in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. In Riyadh, radiation exposure is read from skin TLDs using Harshaw model 6600 plus detectors. The Excel software was utilized to process the obtained data for calculating effective doses. A questionnaire was also distributed to the medical staff to assess their radiation protection procedures. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 23 was used to analyze the obtained data. The mean annual effective doses of the medical staff in 2019 and 2020 were determined to be 1.14 mSv and 1.4645 mSv, respectively, with no significant difference in effective doses between males and females in either year. The socio-demographic features of the medical personnel were examined, and the findings revealed that the majority of participants were male radiological technologists. The rate of adherence to radiation protection techniques was 68%, with a normally distributed dispersal. The amount of adherence varied significantly depending on nationality, occupation, and academic qualification. According to the research, the mean annual effective dosage for medical professionals at KFMC was significantly below the recommended level, indicating satisfactory compliance with the ALARA radiation safety concept. • The study determined the levels of radiation exposure for medical staff for 50 participants at Taif city, Saudi Arabia. • The results revealed mean annual effective doses for the medical staff were 1.13 and 1.46 mSv in 2019 and 2020 respectively. • The results showed that the level of adherence to radiation protection practices was 68% with mean value of 2.72. • Effective doses for medical personnel two years 2019 and 2020 was well below the dose limit recommended by ICRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B is one of popular health problem and is considered as major global infectious hazard. It represents an occupational risk for all people who are working in healthcare, including doctors, nurses, laboratory staff, and training interns as well as the student who is trained in hospitals. This can be correlated with their contact with body fluids during clinical rotations and activities. However, protection from getting any infection logically is mandatory for healthcare worker. Aim: Our problem in this study was to assess how our new doctors in Saudi Arabia, specifically those in Riyadh Region and Eastern Region are safe and are protected from hepatitis B infection by evaluating their knowledge, attitude and practice towards Hepatitis B. Method: That was a cross-sectional study which was conducted to intern doctors in Riyadh and Eastern Regions. Random sampling technique was used to select 350 intern doctors. Study tool was a self-administrated questionnaire that is made online by using Google drive forms and sent as an internet link to all interns via WhatsApp mobile application. Data analysis was done using computer application SPSS 24. Comparison between results and many variables was done using Chi-Square test and statistical significance is considered when P-Value < 0.05. Result: In this study, 131 intern doctors participated out of 350 who received the questionnaires (response rate 94.6%). Regarding the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice, around 86% of participants have good knowledge, 63% of them have a positive attitude and 85% have a good practice. Chi-Square test was applied to compare our results of KAP with gender and region. No difference between males and females was found in the level of knowledge and attitude (P-value > 0.05). Males were better than females in practice (P < 0.05). Intern doctors in Riyadh region were better than those in Eastern region in knowledge and attitude (P-value < 0.05), no difference was found between them in practice (P-value > 0.05). Conclusion: It was obvious that our new doctors in Eastern and Riyadh regions have good knowledge, attitude and practice for Hepatitis B. People in Eastern region have less knowledge and attitude compared to those in Riyadh with a significant difference between them. Also, males interns have a better practice than females interns in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]