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Objectives: To evaluate the short‐term evolution and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in community‐dwelling male residents aged 40 years and above in central Taiwan. Methods: This was a 3‐year longitudinal cohort study. From January 2012 to December 2012, community residents aged 40 years and above, living in central Taiwan, were invited to participate in this study. A yearly Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence, incidence, remission, persistence, and relapse of OAB for three consecutive years. OAB was defined as total OABSS ≧4 and urgency score ≧2. Results: Nine hundred forty‐one male residents aged ≧40 years were recruited. The prevalence of OAB was 15%. The male residents with OAB were older, had a history of urological surgery, were unemployed, had lower educational levels, and lower yearly incomes compared with male residents without OAB. The prevalence increased with age when stratified into different age cohorts (40‐49, 7%; 50‐59, 12.7%; 60‐69, 18.2%; ≧70, 32%; P <.001). Age ≧60 (odds ratio [OR] 2.58; 95% CI, 1.62‐4.11) and history of urological surgery (OR 2.85; 95% CI, 1.29‐6.30) were the major risk factors after multivariable logistic regression analysis. Eight hundred participants completed all the 3 years' questionnaires. The second‐ and third‐year incidence rates of OAB were 10% (69/691) and 6.2% (42/674), respectively. The remission rates were 47.7% (52/109) and 46% (58/126), respectively. The two‐year OAB persistence rate was 30.3% (33/109). Conclusions: The prevalence and yearly incidence of OAB are high in community‐dwelling male residents aged ≧40 years in central Taiwan. Age is an important risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The direct cost of operations and health care expenditure for treating pelvic floor dysfunction are substantial. In this study, we evaluate the number of inpatient surgical procedures and direct expenditures for treating pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence under the coverage of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan. Methods: Thirteen years of population‐based NHI inpatient claims were used in this study. The number of surgical procedures and the average direct cost of inpatient fees for treating pelvic floor dysfunction for each patient from 1999 to 2011 were calculated. The patients were stratified based on age into a younger than 65 years group and 65 years or older group for comparisons. Results: The number of patients per year increased by 27%, increasing from 5278 patients in 1999 to 6706 patients in 2011. The total direct cost of inpatient (surgical and admission) fees for pelvic floor dysfunction increased by 57.2%, increasing from $6 674 968 USD in 1999 to $10 494 894 USD in 2011. However, while the expenditures for women 65 years or older increased by 102.2% from 1999 to 2011, there was only a 38.3% increase for those younger than 65 years when we stratified the patients by age. Conclusion: The increasing expenditures for inpatient surgery for pelvic floor dysfunction are mainly due to the escalating utilization of inpatient surgical procedures, especially those for pelvic organ prolapse in women aged 65 or older. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None.

The objectives of this study were to define the associations among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 ( MACC1 ) gene, development and clinicopathological characteristics of uterine cervical cancer, and patient survival in Taiwan. Genotypic frequencies of 5 MACC1 SNPs rs975263, rs3095007, rs4721888, rs3735615 and rs1990172 were identified for 132 patients with invasive cancer, 99 with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 338 normal controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction. It revealed that there were no associations of these MACC1 SNPs with cervical carcinogenesis. In the meantime, cervical cancer patients with genotype GG in MACC1 SNP rs975263 tended to display more risk to have vaginal invasion than those with AA/AG ( p =0.042, OR: 8.70, 95% CI: 0.81-433.22). In multivariate analysis, positive pelvic lymph node metastasis could significantly predict worse 5 years survival rate ( p =0.001; HR=9.98, 95% CI=2.64-37.77) for cervical cancer patients. In conclusion, pelvic lymph node status rather than MACC1 SNPs was the only independent parameter that could significantly predict 5 years survival rate in Taiwanese women with cervical cancer., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

The purposes of this study were to examine whether there were associations among matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11) gene polymorphisms, development and clinicopathological characteristics of uterine cervical cancer as well as patient survival or not. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MMP-11 gene rs738791, rs738792, rs2267029, rs28382575, and rs131451 from one hundred and thirty patients with invasive cancer, 99 patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of uterine and 335 normal controls were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results revealed that genotypic frequencies of CT/TT in MMP-11 SNP rs738791, with CC as a reference, tended to exhibit significantly different distributions (p=0.044, AOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41-0.99) between patients with cervical invasive cancer and normal control women when controlling age. After multiple significance adjustment, the tendency becomes insignificant (Holm's adjusted p 0.176). Although CT/TT genotype of MMP-11 gene rs738791 tended to increase the risk of developing stage II disease at least (p=0.035; OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.05-4.44) and deep stromal invasion more than 10 mm (p=0.043; OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.02-4.26) with CC as a reference in patients with uterine cervical cancer. They became insignificant after multiple significance adjustment and the Holm's adjusted p values would become as 0.245 and 0.258, respectively. However, lymph node metastasis exhibited significant worse recurrence-free survival (p=0.033; HR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.09-7.35), and overall survival (p=0.001; HR: 4.80, 95% CI: 1.82-12.62) compared to those without pelvic lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, it indicates no impact of the MMP-11 SNPs on uterine cervical cancer in Taiwanese women., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.