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Vaccination coverage in the United Kingdom is below the level recommended by the World Health Organisation, and when vaccination coverage is not sufficient, outbreaks of infectious diseases can occur. In 2015, coverage of the first dose of the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine declined in the United Kingdom for the first time since 2008, indicating a need to raise public awareness and understanding of the importance of vaccination to public health. Identifying 16 - 18-year olds as a target audience, being future parents who would make decisions regarding vaccination of their children, a digital educational resource ('SimFection') was developed to deliver key messages about the spread and control of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases (identified via school curricula). The process of development utilised an iterative approach, involving a cyclic process of prototyping, testing, analysis and refinement with a range of audiences including students, schoolchildren, and trainee teachers. The completed resource is now available online for free download. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an overview of the development of women's history in the UK over the last twenty years or so. It is noted that over this period women's history has expanded massively, an expansion that has cut across national boundaries and drawn in scholars from other disciplines than History. Eight themes in women's history are identified as being prominent during this time—a focus on the modern period (post 1780), a strong empirical bent, a questioning of the dominance of a separate spheres discourse, a ‘spatial turn', an interest in life stories and biographies, an interest in the women's suffrage movement, a ‘religious turn’ and a ‘transnational turn’. Lastly, consideration is given to the influence of the digital revolution on the development and direction of women's history. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Context In the UK, applications to medicine from those in lower socio-economic groups remain low despite significant investments of time, interest and resources in widening access ( WA) to medicine. This suggests that medical schools' core messages about WA may be working to embed or further reinforce marginalisation, rather than to combat this. Our objective was to investigate how the value of WA is communicated by UK medical schools through their websites, and how this may create expectations regarding who is 'suitable' for medicine. Methods We conducted a critical discourse analysis of the webpages of UK medical schools in relation to WA. Our conceptual framework was underpinned by a Foucauldian understanding of discourse. Analysis followed an adapted version of Hyatt's analytical framework. This involved contextualising the data by identifying drivers, levers and warrants for WA, before undertaking a systematic investigation of linguistic features to reveal the discourses in use, and their assumptions. Results Discourses of 'social mobility for the individual' justified WA as an initiative to support individuals with academic ability and commitment to medicine, but who were disadvantaged by their background in the application process. This meritocratic discourse communicated the benefits of WA as flowing one way, with medical schools providing opportunities to applicants. Conversely, discourses justifying WA as an initiative to benefit patient care were marginalised and largely excluded. Alternative strengths typically attributed to students from lower socio-economic groups were not mentioned, which implies that these were not valued. Conclusions Current discourses of WA on UK medical school websites do not present non-traditional applicants as bringing gains to medicine through their diversity. This may work as a barrier to attracting larger numbers of diverse applicants. Medical schools should reflect upon their website discourses, critically evaluate current approaches to encouraging applications from those in lower socio-economic groups, and consider avenues for positive change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital media continue to reshape political activism in unexpected ways. Within a period of a few years, the internet-enabled UK citizens' movement 38 Degrees has amassed a membership of 3 million and now sits alongside similar entities such as America's MoveOn, Australia's GetUp! and the transnational movement Avaaz. In this article, we contribute to current thinking about digital media and mobilisation by addressing some of the limitations of existing research on these movements and on digital activism more generally. We show how 38 Degrees' digital network repertoires coexist interdependently with its strategy of gaining professional news media coverage. We explain how the oscillations between choreographic leadership and member influence and between digital media horizontalism and elite media-centric work constitute the space of interdependencies in which 38 Degrees acts. These delicately balanced relations can quickly dissolve and be replaced by simpler relations of dependence on professional media. Yet despite its fragility, we theorise about how 38 Degrees may boost individuals' political efficacy, irrespective of the outcome of individual campaigns. Our conceptual framework can be used to guide research on similar movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A huge change has occurred in the way people obtain weather information in the last few years and a large percentage of the population now get weather forecasts on their mobile phones. There is currently a wide range of smartphone weather apps available: in 2014, iTunes App Store alone offered 5043 active applications in the weather category. The rapid penetration of new broadcasting technologies strongly affects the way weather forecasts are communicated to, and used by, people. Portability, permanent connectivity and geolocalization allow location-specific and time-sensitive weather forecasts to be provided. This paper explores the main features emerging in the 39 most popular weather apps in the United States, United Kingdom and Italy, and focuses on the implications in the communication of uncertainty. The results show that even if the advances in mobile communication technologies could, in principle, improve the effectiveness of weather communication enormously, the expectations created around weather forecasts appear to be inconsistent with current forecasting capabilities, particularly with their inherent uncertainties in space and time, as well as in the nature of the predicted weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online bingo has seen significant growth in recent years. This study sought to increase understanding of this growth by exploring the appeal of online bingo. Our aim was to examine the content of ten online bingo websites in the UK and analyse a qualitative secondary dataset of 12 female bingo players to investigate the appeal of online bingo. Using two distinct data sources allowed us to assess how the key messages online websites are trying to convey compare with actual players’ motivation to play bingo. Our analysis of bingo websites found a common theme where websites were easy to navigate and structured to present a light-hearted, fun, reassuring, social image of gambling. In addition, the design decisions reflected in the bingo sites had the effect of positioning online bingo as a benign, child-like, homely, women-friendly, social activity. Comparison of the website content with our participants’ reasons to play bingo showed congruence between the strategies used by the bingo websites and the motivations of bingo players themselves and the benefits which they seek; suggesting that bingo websites strive to replicate and update the sociability of traditional bingo halls. Online bingo differs from traditional forms of bingo in its ability to be played anywhere and at any time, and its capacity to offer a deeply immersive experience. The potential for this type of online immersion in gambling to lead to harm is only just being investigated and further research is required to understand how the industry is regulated, as well as the effects of online bingo on individual gambling ‘careers.’ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online news platforms and social media increasingly influence the public agenda on social issues such as human trafficking. Yet despite the popularity of online news and the availability of sophisticated tools for analyzing digital texts, little is known about the relations between news coverage of human trafficking and audiences’ reactions to and interpretations of such coverage. In this paper, we examine journalists’ and commenters’ topic choices in coverage and discussion of human trafficking in the British newspaperThe Guardianfrom 2009 to 2014. We use latent semantic analysis to identify 11 topics discussed by both journalists and readers, and analyze each topic in terms of the degree to which journalists and readers agree or disagree in their topic preferences. We find that four topics were preferred equally by journalists and commenters, four were preferred by journalists, and three were preferred by commenters. Our findings suggest that theories of ‘agenda setting’ and of the ‘active audience’ are not mutually exclusive, and the scope of explanation of each depends partly on the specific topic or subtopic that is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article marks the completion of an online database catalogue of the records of taxation of the medieval and early modern clergy of England and Wales in the ‘E 179’ clerical series at The National Archives. It has two parts: an overview of the history of clerical taxation based upon the database's register of tax grants and an analytical guide to the contents of the series, with references to all key documents. The intention is to stimulate research in this important area of study by providing a blueprint for the future exploitation of this rich seam of neglected records. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Location, locality, and localism have long been important characteristics of news, but their functions have been given a dramatic twist with the advent of locative, mobile media. The capabilities of mobile media devices to determine, sense, incorporate, and conjure with the relative locations of reporting and audiences have emerged as key to alternative, small- and large-scale networked news-gathering and dissemination ventures. This paper explores the kinds of places and spaces these mobile worlds of news-making and consumption entail—and how news is being located in and through such new mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Dual-process models of decision making assume that we process information using two distinct 'systems': a deliberate and analytical system, and an intuitive system. This article uses 148 UK press articles about sexual crime to apply one such model - the 'prototype-willingness' model - to the study of social discourses about sexual crime in England and Wales. A small number of cases were significantly over-represented within the article sample (for example, the recent Jimmy Savile scandal). This finding is examined within the context of contemporary debates about sexual crime, and a model of social and political discourse is advanced. Implications for legislation and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report on a conference on the collective memory of World War I in Great Britain and Germany, organized by the Prinz-Albert-Gesellschaft historical society and held in Coburg, Germany, from September 4-6, 2014. Topics of discussion included the representation of the war in art, websites on the war, particularly the "Europeana 1914-1918" digital library project, and museum exhibitions about the war.

In 2011 the Home Office released the police.uk website, which provided a high-resolution map of recent crime data for the national extents of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Through this free service, crimes were represented as points plotted on top of a Google map, visible down to a street level of resolution. However, in order to maintain confidentiality and to comply with data disclosure legislation, individual-level crimes were aggregated into points that represented clusters of events that were located over a series of streets. However, with aggregation the representation of crimes as points becomes problematic, engendering spurious precision over where crimes occurred. Given obvious public sensitivity to such information, there are social imperatives for appropriate representation of crime data, and as such, in this paper we present a method of translating the 'point' crime events into a new representational form that is tied to street network geography; presenting these results in an alternate national crime mapping portal . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A project team from the United Kingdom Oncology Nursing Society developed a blended e-learning website to facilitate nurses to further develop their confidence and competencies in a range of skills related to assessing the holistic needs of people with cancer. The project team identified three areas which were integral to an holistic needs assessment (HNA) implementation project. These were project support information, project management skills, and practical competencies delivered in a blended e-learning package containing a series of accessible video presentations, supporting documents, and practical activities. The team worked with internal and external partners to ensure that a robust and inspiring programme was created. www.hnaforcancer.com was launched in October 2012 as a blended learning programme that incorporates e-learning on core subjects. These subjects are packaged as videoed presentations with supporting learning material and can be accessed via the UKONS website. By the end of the programme participants were equipped to identify and explore the essential requirements for HNA and care planning, more able to recognise potential need, and initiate care to prevent or minimise the risk of complications. Participants had also developed confidence and competency in new skills, including basic project management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of Web 2.0 tools in constituency-level campaigns in the UK 2010 general election. Specifically it examines whether Web 2.0 use was undertaken with a goal of promoting interaction with voters or was simply a 'window-dressing' exercise. It does so using data from a nationwide survey of election agents, content analysis of a subset of campaign websites, and information collected through interviews with candidates. The results show that while campaigns are keen to adopt Web 2.0 technology, they have largely eschewed the interactive potential of Web 2.0, replicating previous UK web campaigns that have demonstrated limited interactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the study of e-participation has gained increasing attention within political science, our understanding of its underlying structure and relationship to offline participation is limited. This article addresses these gaps by focusing on three interrelated questions: (1) Is e-participation a multidimensional phenomenon (differentiation hypothesis)? (2) If submodes exist, do they mirror existing modes of participation (replication hypothesis)? (3) If offline forms are replicated online, do they mix together (integration hypothesis) or operate in separate spheres (independence hypothesis)? We test our hypotheses through confirmatory factor analysis of original survey data from the U.K. General Election of 2010. The results show that distinct submodes of e-participation, comparable to those occurring offline, can be identified. Support for integration and independence varies according to the type of participation undertaken. Finally our results suggest that the online environment may be fostering a new social-media-based type of expressive political behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the founding of the music web resource Live Music Exchange (LMX), located at http://livemusicexchange.org. The author discusses the research project he developed on the history of live music in Britain, which was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). He explores the economic aspects of live music promotion and analyzes the market conditions for a successful live music industry.

The Internet has been to date used as a space for simple promotion by political parties; websites present an opportunity for the delivery of non-mediated communication directly to the online audience and nothing more. However, new patterns in usage during campaigns, particularly that of Barack Obama, aided by the technological innovations that fall under the umbrella of Web 2.0, offer new models of online political communication. Through an analysis of the websites and linked online presences of six parties that stood across the UK at the 2010 General Election, we find a dual strategy for Internet campaigning emerging. The persuasive traditions of electioneering remain a feature; however, the key emergent function is one of internal marketing to party supporters and activists. Large sections of party websites are being dedicated to harnessing supporters and converting them to being donators, promoters, and campaigners both online and offline. This suggests that the Internet is increasingly embedded within election communication and online communication strategies are becoming a feature of most of the parties' marketing communication mix. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In spite of a record number of female parliamentary candidates, the 2010 general election campaign became notable for the intensity of coverage given to the female spouses of the three main party leaders. We find that this resulted from a combination of party communication strategy, established media discourses, and the agency and visibility of the wives themselves. First, Labour and the Conservatives were the most prominent in integrating their leaders' wives into their campaigns, often to counter the less marketable qualities of the leaders themselves. Second, while mainstream media outlets—particularly newspapers—sought to cover all three women, they did so drawing upon established gender-based conventions, focussing on the wives' physical appearance and apparent dedication to their husbands. Third, while the wife of the Liberal Democrat leader opted for limited and strategic contact with media, the wives of the Conservative and Labour leaders exploited a range of new media platforms, combining official party websites, personal blogs, and webcasts. We argue that any assessment of the role of the spouses of party leaders has to look at media-driven priorities only alongside the various strategies open to parties and individuals in managing media activities. We also suggest that there is scope to use the coverage of leaders' spouses to explore the development, limits, and gender politics of any shift toward presidentialism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reviews the online database entitled "Victorian Popular Culture" produced by Adam Matthew Digital, available at http://www.amdigital.co.uk/m-collections/collection/victorian-popular-culture/.

This article examines the nature and significance of the ways in which some Zimbabwean migrants based in the United Kingdom (UK) appropriated the new media and established social and economic networks of survival during the period 2002–2007. An absence of a significant study of the nexus between migration, the recent diasporas and the formation of diasporic media by African, specifically, Zimbabwean migrants, makes an analysis of how migrants have appropriated and are putting to use the new media especially relevant. This study aims to determine how these strategies are allowing them to articulate their experiences and aspirations and have assisted them to establish linkages between places of exile and Zimbabwe. The websitesSwradioafrica.com,Newzimbabwe.com,Zimvigil.co.ukandZimdays.comare thus analysed to determine the role they played in the establishment of social solidarity. Furthermore, the essay will examine the roles of online shopping and money transfer sites such asZimbuyer.com, available onhttp://www.zimbuyer.com, andMukuru.com, available online onhttp://www.mukuru.com, to determine the role that they played in ensuring the social and economic survival of the Zimbabwean diaspora in the UK and the survival of those back home. Concepts focusing on discursive practices and strategies (Hall 1996) and everyday life tactics (De Certeau 1984) that enable ‘the excluded other’, in this case migrants, to constitute dynamic identities, and other empirical studies on migration, the new media and identity formation, are therefore considered in this article studying the nature and significance of the UK-based Zimbabwean migrants' appropriation of the new media and the discursive networks that they established in their use of the new media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sociohistorical perspective of human activity is particularly productive for defining educational quality in a certain sense. This article presents two studies to illustrate the use of this perspective in education. The first study describes the joint construction of websites on historical topics by elementary school children in the United Kingdom. The second study details the negotiation of the concept of consecutive numbers in a mathematics lesson that uses an Interactive Electronic Blackboard in Mexico. The statement is made that the participants attempt to construct knowledge through socialization in settings mediated by digital technology, and that their efforts can be reflected on and evaluated through methodological tools of the analysis of conversation and linguistic anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The increased utilization of smartphones within the clinical environment together with connected applications (apps) provides opportunity for doctors, including coloproctologists, to integrate such technology into clinical practice. However, the reliability of unregulated medical apps has recently been called into question. Here, we review contemporary medical apps specifically themed towards colorectal diseases and assess levels of medical professional involvement in their design and content. Method The most popular smartphone app stores (iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Nokia, Windows and Samsung) were searched for colorectal disease themed apps, using the disease terms colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, haemorrhoids, anal fissure, bowel incontinence and irritable bowel syndrome. Results A total of 68 individual colorectal themed apps were identified, amongst which there were five duplicates. Only 29% of colorectal apps had had customer satisfaction ratings and 32% had named medical professional involvement in their development or content. Conclusion The benefits of apps are offset by lack of colorectal specification. There is little medical professional involvement in their design. Increased regulation is required to improve accountability of app content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since December 2008, police forces in the UK have published crime statistics using an online crime mapping tool (www.police.uk). The drivers behind this were to help improve the credibility and confidence that the public had in police-recorded crime levels, address perceptions of crime, promote community engagement and empowerment, and support greater public service transparency and accountability. This article captures the policy rationale behind this initiative, and draws together the research evidence on its impact. We argue that many of the original objectives relating to improving engagement and empowerment have yet to be realized, poor cartographic discipline has led to misinterpretation and confusion, and that the initiative instead has primarily become a tool for promoting political transparency. We suggest that future focus should be on improving the quality and cartographic visualization of the published information alongside the integration of social media functionality to enrich local dialogue on crime issues. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article looks at the events in 2013 dedicated to commemorate the life and work of Scottish Congregationalist David Livingstone in Africa. It is suggested that the events were organized both in Scotland and African countries such as Malawi and Zambia, including conferences, publications, exhibitions, and the development of the Livingstone digital archive.

The article identifies priorities which formed part of seminar series on young people and new technologies in Great Britain. These priorities include a commitment in recognising a developmental perspective to consider ways that young people engage with digital technologies. It highlights topics that will likely remain high on the agenda of researchers and the gap that exists between the promise of new technologies and the ways it has been used in learning settings.

The article presents excerpts on topics relating to U.S. unemployment and mobile computing and applications, it reviews websites such as Internet Slang.com located at http://www.internetslang.com/SMS.asp and SearchReSearch located at http://searchresearch1.blogspot.com/, and it offers summaries of research on topics such as change in British libraries and how much electricity Internet product provider Google, Inc. uses.

In this article, the author discusses the challenges being faced by medical care systems in terms of safety and effectiveness of prescribing medicines. It highlights electronic format of summary of product characteristics (e-SPC), which help in developing new approaches to deliver drug information to prescribers. A Great Britain based study reveals that 10 percent of hospital prescriptions contain errors and senior doctors are almost as frequently culpable as those who have recently graduated.

The article discusses the practice of using Internet searches to conduct text mining in historical research, examining ways to reconcile traditional and computational methods of investigating texts. It comments on search company Google's literature scanning tool Ngram Viewer. The authors reflect on their experiences of mining texts for words identified as Victorian themes in the book "The Victorian Frame of Mind, 1830-1870," by Walter E. Houghton. They particularly examine the idea of the Victorian crisis of faith, exploring religious publishing and the frequency of the use of words such as "Jesus," "God," and "Christian."

Keeping in mind the potential consequences that digital communication may hold for democratic societies, this research focuses on better understanding the web presence of UK youth organizations. It is interesting to examine how such organizations tie their theoretical conception of citizenship (their ‘offline’ philosophy) to the choices they make about web presence (their ‘online’ structure). Web presence – in this case, websites but also the use of Web 2.0 applications – can aim to provide information and promote participation, but can also encourage a particular view of citizenship and use certain forms of communication to advance this view. This paper focuses on seven youth organizations that embrace either a more conventional or non-conventional view of citizenship and have expanded their web presence from a dedicated website into Web 2.0, particularly social networking sites. First, I will summarize interview findings with web producers to better understand the philosophy behind web presence of the youth organization, along with a look at official website content. Second, I will provide a first look at how such organizations have adapted to Web 2.0, specifically via Facebook and Twitter. This paper contributes to an understanding of how online spaces and in particular the adaptation to Web 2.0 reflect offline views towards citizenship, a particularly important focus in an environment of increasing concern as to how to reach youth via technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown limited awareness about cancer risk factors among hospital-based staff. Less is known about general cancer awareness among community frontline National Health Service and social care staff.Methods: A cross-sectional computer-assisted telephone survey of 4664 frontline community-based health and social care staff in North West England.Results: A total of 671 out of 4664 (14.4%) potentially eligible subjects agreed to take part. Over 92% of staff recognised most warning signs, except an unexplained pain (88.8%, n=596), cough or hoarseness (86.9%, n=583) and a sore that does not heal (77.3%, n=519). The bowel cancer-screening programme was recognised by 61.8% (n=415) of staff. Most staff agreed that smoking and passive smoking 'increased the chance of getting cancer.' Fewer agreed about getting sunburnt more than once as a child (78.0%, n=523), being overweight (73.5%, n=493), drinking more than one unit of alcohol per day (50.2%, n=337) or doing less than 30 min of moderate physical exercise five times a week (41.1%, n=276).Conclusion: Cancer awareness is generally good among frontline staff, but important gaps exist, which might be improved by targeted education and training and through developing clearer messages about cancer risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth in usage of social networking sites begs a reconsideration of the meaning of mediated political participation in society. Castells (2009) contended that social networking sites offer a form of mass communication of the self wherein individuals can acquire a new creative autonomy. Stiegler (2009) and the Ars Industrialis collective believe that the processes of individuation, and of speaking out, hold the key to empowerment, agency, and resistance. In this article the authors offer a critical reflection on the logic of mediated participation promoted by social media through a consideration of the differences between individual and collective forms of mediated political participation. Drawing on ethnographic research on alternative media within the Trade Union Movement in Britain and recent research on the political culture of social networking sites, the authors argue that far from being empowering, the logic of self-centered participation promoted by social media can represent a threat for political groups rather than an opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet is now an important element of most political parties' communication strategies during elections. While online communication might be claimed to enable smaller parties and marginal voices to compete more effectively with major parties, it might also enable minority languages to challenge the existing dominance of majority languages in traditional political communication. This paper explores Welsh-language provision on the websites of the 18 parties which fielded candidates in Wales during the 2010 UK General Election. Three websites making bilingual provision are examined in greater detail, considering the Welsh-language experience in terms of information seeking tasks, the use of web2.0 and resource generation. Overall the provision of regional information relating to Wales and of Welsh-language material has remained remarkably static since the last General Election in 2005. It appears that only parties which regularly contest seats in Wales make regional provision and that Welsh-language provision is limited to those parties who have websites specifically orientated to Wales. The Welsh language does not appear to have been a priority in terms of online political communication for most of the parties campaigning in Wales during the General Election. Even on those sites making a bilingual provision, the quality, timeliness and extent of the Welsh-language experience varied considerably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

York St John University was the first academic library in the UK to implement the resource discovery interface, OCLC WorldCat Local. Here the technical implementation and usability of the interface is discussed, along with the reasons that led to the decision to implement WorldCat Local, the processes involved and some of the problems encountered. Links are provided to further information on the project which attracted JlSC funding to produce an in depth case study of the implementation and the usability of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the project and online database The Paradox of Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286 (PoMS), located at http://www.poms.ac.uk/. It notes that the database aims to provide information concerning individuals in Scotland in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as well as their relationships and possessions, including lands, unfree people, and churches. The author notes that the database provides charters concerning property, positions, and privileges. Information about keyword searching is also presented.

The article provides information on the benefits of using wikis, websites that allow users to edit and add information to the web page, when attempting to teach and study Victorian history and culture. Emphasis is given to an analysis of the workings of the website "Victorian Contexts." The author explains how she incorporated wiki-use into her lesson plans and coursework on the Victorian-era British periodical "Punch." More broadly, the author is concerned with how the use of this technology fits in well with pedagogical methods celebrating collaborative learning.

Health and social care students spend up to 50% of their course in practice. Placements are distributed across a wide geographical area and have varying degrees of IT access and support. Consequently, students may feel isolated from peers, academic staff, and resources required for effective learning. Mobile technology has considerable potential to enhance the learning of these students. This paper presents the development and implementation of the Centre for Excellence in Professional Placement Learning's mobile learning project and the principles that both drove and emerged from this work. Handheld devices were matched to students' pedagogic need. Principles covered areas such as pedagogy, partnership working, technology, inclusivity, evaluation, and research. Collaboration across sectors and institutions and an understanding of professional cultures and contexts were seen as key in instigating and embedding mobile learning to support students on placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study explores the potential for a computerised self-help programme within the context of a higher education (HE) environment. At Teesside University the CALM Approach (CALM: Computer Aided Lifestyle Management) has been in operation since October 2007. There is a need within HE to cater for the increasing number of students who are presenting with distress in their mental health and well-being and to provide these students with alternatives to the traditional support services. Design: Nine students self referred to participate in the study. Participants self-referred to two groups: group 1 attended a face-to-face interview, and group 2 returned an anonymous questionnaire. The study evaluated six face-to-face semi-structured interviews and three anonymous semi-structured questionnaires. All participants had used the CALM Approach during the academic year. Data analysis: Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the participants' experience and personal views of using the CALM Approach. Results: In group 1, 10 superordinate themes were established. In group 2, five superordinate themes were established. The themes describe different aspects of how participants experienced using the CALM Approach and how this impacted on their personal and university development. Conclusions: It was suggested that the CALM Approach is a viable option for providing computerised selfhelp to meet the mental health and well-being needs of HE students. All participants reported positive experiences and positive changes in their lives as a result of using the CALM Approach. Computerised selfhelp was seen as a useful support tool for HE students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Television networks in many European countries have launched web participation channels in recent years, so that viewers can send a variety of news content. For some authors, they are a new form of "citizen journalism"; a more proper term for this concept, it is argued, seems to be "user generated content". This article deals with the essential aspects of this kind of participatory journalism in television websites, by analysing the initiatives of several television networks in Spain, Great Britain and France. It examines the nature of user generated content in those television websites case studies, and it enquires to what extent these initiatives can be regarded as "citizen journalism" and what kind of content they promote. Finally, it explores the challenges and opportunities posed by citizen journalism and user generated content to professional online television news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To describe the plans of English NHS hospitals to implement ePrescribing systems. Design and setting Questionnaire-based survey of attendees of the National ePrescribing Forum. Participants A piloted questionnaire was distributed to all NHS and non-NHS hospital-based attendees. The questionnaire enquired about any completed or planned implementation of ePrescribing systems, the specific systems of interest, and functionality they offered. Main outcome measures Estimate of the number of NHS Trusts planning to implement ePrescribing systems. Results Ninety-one of the 166 questionnaires distributed to NHS hospital-based staff were completed and returned. Of those, six were incomplete, resulting in a total usable response rate of 51% (n=85). Eightytwo percent (n=46) of the 56 Trusts represented at the Forum were either 'thinking of implementing' or 'currently implementing' an ePrescribing system, such as Ascribe (13%, n=7) and JAC (20%, n=11). Forty percent (n=22) of respondents specified other systems, including those procured by NHS Connecting for Health e.g. RiO, Lorenzo and Cerner. Knowledge support, decision support and computerized links to other elements of patients' individual care records were the functionalities of greatest interest. Conclusion There is considerable reported interest and activity in implementing ePrescribing systems in hospitals across England. Whether such developments have the desired impact on improving the safety of prescribing is however, yet to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades significant developments have occurred in the archiving of qualitative data in the UK. The first national archive for qualitative resources, Qualidata, was established in 1994. Since that time further scientific reviews have supported the expansion of data resources for qualitative and qualitative longitudinal (QL) research in the UK and fuelled the development of a new ethos of data sharing and re-use among qualitative researchers. These have included the Timescapes Study and Archive, an initiative funded from 2007 to scale up QL research and create a specialist resource of QL data for sharing and re-use. These trends are part of a wider movement to enhance the status of research data in all their diverse forms, inculcate an ethos of data sharing, and develop infrastructure to facilitate data discovery and re-use. In this paper we trace the history of these developments and provide an overview of data policy initiatives that have set out to advance data sharing in the UK. The paper reveals a mixed infrastructure for qualitative and QL data resources in the UK, and explores the value of this, along with the implications for managing and co-ordinating resources across a complex network. The paper concludes with some suggestions for developing this mixed infrastructure to further support data sharing and re-use in the UK and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses online archival resources useful for quantitative historical research on Great Britain. Online resources discussed include: two census collections hosted by the History Data Service in Great Britain, "Histpop: The Online Historical Population Reports Website" and the "Contemporary and Historical Census Collections"; British court records in "The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913"; and others. Other topics discussed include the importance of database organization, with attention to issues such as metadata.

Abstract: This paper argues that if new communications technologies and online spaces are to yield ‘new relationship[s] with learners’ (, p. 11) then research that is tuned to recognize, capture and explain the pedagogical processes at the centre of such interactions is vital. This has implications for the design of pedagogical activities within Initial Teacher Education (ITE) intended to develop student teachers’ professional knowledge and understanding of e-learning strategies. A case study is presented of an intervention, which attempted to synthesize a face-to-face and online school-based experience with University-based lectures, in order to develop student teachers’ capacity to theorize and reflect upon the development of their online pedagogical practice. Theory that focuses on the complex and symbiotic nature of professional knowledge and learning was developed to analyse data in the form of interviews with student teachers and archived extracts from their online interactions with the children. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pedagogical-research design based upon the authentic and situated use of e-learning strategies and technologies for developing student teachers’ professional knowledge and understanding of online pedagogy. Ultimately the paper concludes that, from the perspective of a dynamic conceptualisation of e-learning as continuously emerging () then a pedagogical-research design that develops and captures student teachers’ capacity to reflect upon the development of their own online pedagogy and professional knowledge and understanding in relation to e-learning is vital. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Information provision is an important resource for those living with acquired brain injury (ABI) and their families. Web-based health information services are now common additions to health service provision. Ideally, they should be easy to use and provide useful, relevant and accurate information. ABI injuries do not affect individuals in the same way, and survivors can have a wide range of abilities and impairments. Therefore, any informational resource intended for this group should take account of their needs and help to compensate for their limitations. This pilot study recruited a group of individuals with ABI (of a median Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale rating of “lower moderate disability”) who were clients of a UK National Health Service rehabilitation service and asked them to assess a specialised website provided by that service and hosted by their employing Primary Care Trust organisation. Participants completed a practical task and then gave their opinions on various aspects of website design, and content. They were also asked to suggest improvements and recommend additions. Overall the results were favourable. However, improvements in the legibility, layout and writing style were identified. There were also requests to add more information on the existing topics and add additional topics. The discussion also evaluates the utility of the methodology and the implications of the results for others considering constructing their own website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on the results of the project 'Evaluating the usage and impact of e-journals in the UK'. Using deep log analysis techniques, we evaluated the use of the Oxford Journals database in regard to life sciences, economics and history by 10 major UK research institutions. The aim of the study was to investigate researchers' digital behaviour, and to ascertain whether it varied by subjects and disciplines, or in relation to the institutions. The findings revealed significant subject and institutional differences. Life scientists were the biggest users. Economists made the greatest use of abstracts. Historians proved to be the most active searchers. Research intensive universities were characterized by high volume use and short session times, light sessions, and sessions which utilized few of the search functions available. Open access journals featured strongly in the ranked lists of life sciences and history; and Google was an extremely popular means of accessing journal content, especially so in the case of historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This annotated bibliography is intended as a guide to faculty members teaching courses on Victorian women, or in which Victorian women feature prominently. To make it as valuable as possible to scholars around the world, online sources have been chosen that are easily accessible to those with Internet access. Primary materials are a focus as these are the foundation of courses in many disciplines and can be used by instructors in a variety of ways. Suggestions on how to access information through these websites have been included to speed navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the evaluation of electronic Health (eHealth) in Great Britain. It states that eHealth is the organization and delivery of health services via information technology (IT) systems, which can introduce both harms and benefits. It discusses several scientific eHealth assessments influenced by the National Programme for Information Technology (NPFIT) including patient observation, formative and summative studies, and internal and external assessment.

The article reviews several British websites on the subject of Chartism including Chartist Ancestors, found at www.chartists.net, Images of England, found at www.imagesofengland.org.uk, and Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (NCSE), found at www.ncse.ac.uk.

The article reviews several British websites on the subject of Chartism including Chartist Ancestors, found at www.chartists.net, Minor Victorian Poets and Authors, found at www.gerald-massey.org.uk, and Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (NCSE), found at www.ncse.ac.uk.

A review of the websites of 43 UK-based agencies that are recruiting teachers in South Africa and other countries finds that important information about what to expect often is missing. An analysis of the marketing strategies shows that agencies overall are promising schools thorough vetting of candidates and low fees, are promising prospective teachers good pay while inviting them to imagine an exciting life outside the classroom, and are assuring both that the agency can make the “right” match. The article concludes with a list of recommendations for candidates and for agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]