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Multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) in global environmental governance are either praised for their problem-solving capacities and inclusion of various societal actors or criticized for their limited accountability and corporate dominance. Despite the lively scholarly debate and the continued promotion of MSPs by international organizations and governments, knowledge about how environmental MSPs are perceived by the public is very limited. Understanding the sources of public support for MSPs is important, given its crucial role in MSPs' abilities to secure resources and achieve their goals. In this article, we evaluate whether and how institutional features of MSPs influence citizens' legitimacy beliefs. Building on previous studies, we theorize which institutional dimensions of MSPs matter for citizens' level of support. We conduct population-based survey experiments in Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States, encompassing more than 6,000 respondents. The results from the survey experiments have substantive implications for our understanding of the role of MSPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incidents of child abuse such as the Oxfam case in 2010 of sexual abuse of children by volunteers' and cases of abuse in orphanages by high‐risk overseas volunteers have highlighted the need for the development of effective safeguarding in the international context. This is of equal importance for faith‐based organisations (FBOs) who, like non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), are obligated to create safe spaces for their beneficiaries. This paper reports the findings from an online survey conducted in 2019, which was completed by 72 participants, 39 were representatives from organisations based in the UK which support individuals to engage in International Christian Work (ICW), 33 were individuals who are or have been engaged in ICW in the last three years. The online survey collected qualitative data, which was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis whilst descriptive analytical techniques were employed on the quantitative data. The findings illustrate commitment to safeguarding children and young people in ICW but also the complexities, challenges and tensions around this. The necessity to work collaboratively in local contexts with co‐production was identified as key to developing effective safeguarding practice. These findings have implications beyond faith‐based organisations to others working in the international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting a structural violence approach, this article explores, with survivors and practitioners, how early coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic conditions affected forced migrant sexual and gender-based violence survivors' lives. Introducing a new analytical framework combining violent abandonment, slow violence, and violent uncertainty, we show how interacting forms of structural violence exacerbated by pandemic conditions intensified existing inequalities. Abandonment of survivors by the state increased precarity, making everyday survival more difficult, and intensified prepandemic slow violence, while increased uncertainty heightened survivors' psychological distress. Structural violence experienced during the pandemic can be conceptualized as part of the continuum of violence against forced migrants, which generates gendered harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are associated with an increased risk of occurrence of cancers of the lip or oral cavity. This paper presents an updated report on the nomenclature and the classification of OPMDs, based predominantly on their clinical features, following discussions by an expert group at a workshop held by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer in the UK. The first workshop held in London in 2005 considered a wide spectrum of disorders under the term "potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa" (PMD) (now referred to as oral potentially malignant disorders: OPMD) including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, lupus erythematosus, epidermolysis bullosa, and dyskeratosis congenita. Any new evidence published in the intervening period was considered to make essential changes to the 2007 classification. In the current update, most entities were retained with minor changes to their definition. There is sufficient evidence for an increased risk of oral cancer among patients diagnosed with "oral lichenoid lesions" and among those diagnosed with oral manifestations of 'chronic graft‐versus‐host disease'. These have now been added to the list of OPMDs. There is, to date, insufficient evidence concerning the malignant potential of chronic hyperplastic candidosis and of oral exophytic verrucous hyperplasia to consider these conditions as OPMDs. Furthermore, due to lack of clear evidence of an OPMD in epidermolysis bullosa this was moved to the category with limited evidence. We recommend the establishment of a global research consortium to further study the natural history of OPMDs based on the classification and nomenclature proposed here. This will require multi‐center longitudinal studies with uniform diagnostic criteria to improve the identification and cancer risk stratification of patients with OPMDs, link them to evidence‐based interventions, with a goal to facilitate the prevention and management of lip and oral cavity cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization classified COVID‐19, caused by Sars‐CoV‐2, as a pandemic. Although not much was known about the new virus, the first outbreaks in China and Italy showed that potentially a large number of people worldwide could fall critically ill in a short period of time. A shortage of ventilators and intensive care resources was expected in many countries, leading to concerns about restrictions of medical care and preventable deaths. In order to be prepared for this challenging situation, national triage guidance has been developed or adapted from former influenza pandemic guidelines in an increasing number of countries over the past few months. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of triage recommendations from selected national and international professional societies, including Australia/New Zealand, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Pakistan, South Africa, Switzerland, the United States, and the International Society of Critical Care Medicine. We describe areas of consensus, including the importance of prognosis, patient will, transparency of the decision‐making process, and psychosocial support for staff, as well as the role of justice and benefit maximization as core principles. We then probe areas of disagreement, such as the role of survival versus outcome, long‐term versus short‐term prognosis, the use of age and comorbidities as triage criteria, priority groups and potential tiebreakers such as 'lottery' or 'first come, first served'. Having explored a number of tensions in current guidance, we conclude with a suggestion for framework conditions that are clear, consistent and implementable. This analysis is intended to advance the ongoing debate regarding the fair allocation of limited resources and may be relevant for future policy‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The implementation of biosimilars has been shown to reduce costs and improve access to biological medicines in many countries around the world. This is important in the field of oncology where the use of targeted biological medicines has improved cancer outcomes in several tumour types. In 2019, an ISOPP survey identified several barriers to biosimilar implementation faced by oncology pharmacists internationally. The African region was identified as facing several challenges to implementation that were different from those experienced in higher-income settings. Purpose: The survey was designed to explore these challenges further, with a view to designing educationalmaterials and resources which meet the specific needs of oncology pharmacists and other oncology professionals in Africa. Method: A questionnaire was drafted based on the original international questionnaire, and then discussed with a focus group of African pharmacists via Zoom to adapt the questions to reflect African practice. The finished questionnaire was distributed to ISOPP members and shared further using local professional networks and national oncology pharmacy associations. Results: Sixteen responses were received from a range of African countries: Nigeria (n = 5), Kenya (n = 3), Ghana (n = 2), Malawi (n = 2), Rwanda (n = 1), South Africa (n = 1), Uganda (n = 1) and Zambia (n = 1). The majority (94%) of respondents were hospital pharmacists from a range of institutions including private, government, academic and specialist hospitals. 94% of respondents were already using biosimilars, and all planned to use them in the future. The biggest factor influencing the decision to use biosimilars was cost, with most treatments being funded completely or partly out of pocket or via a health insurance scheme. The range of products available varied. Supportive medicine biosimilars such as filgrastim and epoetin were available to 87% and 69% of respondents, respectively; around 60% of respondents had access to rituximab, trastuzumab and bevacizumab biosimilars. Infliximab (16%) and cetuximab (25%) were the least available biosimilar products. The biggest barriers to implementation were a lack of availability of licensed biosimilar products and the reluctance of prescribers to switch established patients to a biosimilar. A quarter of respondents indicated the availability of unlicensed biologic medicines, known as ‘biomimics’. Knowledge and awareness of biosimilars were rated as low among both patients and healthcare professionals, highlighting a continued need for education and training. Suggested resources to address these needs were prescribing guidelines, patient education materials and healthcare professional education materials, with in-person training and webinars being the preferred platform for education. Conclusion: African pharmacists are keen to use biosimilars in their institutions, seeing cost savings as the main advantage. The main challenges identified were the availability of licensed products, suggesting regulatory issues of problems with the market for biosimilars in Africa, and a lack of understanding about biosimilar products among both patients and healthcare professionals. It would be useful for ISOPP to develop some education and training materials adapted for use in the African region, but further work is required at the governmental level to improve biosimilar availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global health donors increasingly embrace international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) as partners, often relying on them to conduct political advocacy in recipient countries, especially in controversial policy domains like reproductive health. Although INGOs are the primary recipients of donor funding, they are expected to work through national affiliates or counterparts to enable 'locally-led' change. Using prospective policy analysis and ethnographic evidence, this paper examines how donor-funded INGOs have influenced the restrictive policy environments for safe abortion and family planning in South Sudan and Malawi. While external actors themselves emphasise the technical nature of their involvement, the paper analyses them as instrumental political actors who strategically broker alliances and resources to shape policy, often working 'behind the scenes' to manage the challenging circumstances they operate under. Consequently, their agency and power are hidden through various practices of effacement or concealment. These practices may be necessary to rationalise the tensions inherent in delivering a global programme with the goal of inducing locally-led change in a highly controversial policy domain, but they also risk inciting suspicion and foreign-national tensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses electronic resource management, library schools, and continuing education.

The West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic was the largest and most devastating outbreak of EVD the world has ever seen. Its impact was felt far from the shores of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, with public health systems and clinicians across the globe confronted with an international response both in the affected region and within their own borders. The UK had a prominent role in response efforts, particularly in Sierra Leone. This article highlights how UK academic, health service, military, commercial and public health professionals all played a signifi cant role both at home and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Being a mentor in any setting brings challenges in addition to recognised benefits. Working in a low-income country confers specific challenges including logistical and communication issues. The need to adequately support UK-based international health volunteers prior to, during and after their trip is recognised at government level. Whilst the need to support mentors is recognised little is known about their support needs. This study aims to explore the lived experience of mentorship in a low-income country and gain insight into mentors' support and information needs and the barriers and facilitators to mentoring. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit UK-employed, palliative care clinicians: four consultants, two specialty trainees, and two nurses, who were mentors with an international palliative care project. Semi-structured telephone interviews were recorded and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Results: Participants became mentors to help others. Uncertainty about their achievements constituted a significant challenge. This study highlights the need to prepare mentors before their in-country visits by exploring motivation, describing the reality of international volunteering and ensuring realistic expectations. Post-trip debriefing is important for reducing uncertainty around trip outcomes and maximising transferable impacts. Challenges to mentoring were logistical, related to the concept of mentorship and cultural. Facilitators included shared passion, mentor credibility and serendipity. Conclusion: Awareness of the support needs of mentors and the facilitators and challenges to mentoring can improve mentor preparation and support. This may minimise potential negative emotional impact of being a mentor, maximise positive personal and professional impacts and improve in-country project impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the Hand Hygiene Torch Tour (HHTT) whose aims are to raise awareness on the importance of hand hygiene, support the World Health Organization (WHO) annual call to action for healthcare workers and promote the Infection Prevention Society nationally and internationally. The Torch Tour planning group led by Carole Hallam allocated dates for each IPS Branch to receive the Tourch who would then promote hand hygiene at local events that would meet the aims of the campaign.

Children who have been removed from their parents need stability and permanence; this is as true for disabled children as it is for others. Yet many children are subject to extended periods of uncertainty and instability. Growing attention has been paid to the need to achieve permanence within a timescale which meets children's needs. As disabled children are over-represented in looked after (in care) populations it is especially important that their needs are considered when formulating policy and practice in this area. This review of literature covers international material related to stability and permanence for disabled children, in particular permanence achieved through fostering and adoption. A scoping method was used to identify and analyse a broad range of material. Ninety texts were included in the review, including material from the US, the UK, Canada, Australia, China and the Netherlands. Empirical research included quantitative, mixed methods and qualitative studies. Other sources included literature reviews and a small number of research-based ‘think pieces’ and briefings. Disabled children often have permanence outcomes and experiences which differ from those of other children; most often they are disadvantaged by systematic features of services and by the latent disablism of decision-makers, professionals, carers and potential carers. The findings also show that disabled children are not a homogenous group and that characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity and impairment type show complex relationships with permanence through adoption and foster care. Important gaps in current knowledge are identified, including disabled children's views and experiences in relation to achieving permanence. Several areas of policy and practice are highlighted where effort to improve permanence needs to be made. These range from tackling negative professional attitudes about the prospects of placing disabled children to further development of non-traditional approaches to the recruitment of foster carers and adopters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jackie Cheeseborough and Shane Godbolt describe the role that UK health information professionals have in global health and in supporting colleagues from developing countries to continue to develop as a provision. They give an overview of a range of organisations working to improve access to health information in developing countries and in particular Sub-Saharan Africa including Book Aid International, HIFA, INASP, ITOCA, Phi, TALC, THET and Research4Life. Even in a recession, many UK health librarians are choosing to get involved in international development activities in low-resource countries by volunteering, and discovering hidden benefits for their own organisations, and their own continuing professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the practice of mui tsai, the selling of Chinese girls to upper class families. The author comments on the social activism of the British during the 19th century and early 20th centuries, who demonstrated and protested against mui tsai. She describes the role of international organizations, including the League of Nations during the interwar period, who designed and implemented policies against child slavery and trafficking. An analysis of the history of the anti-mui tsai protests is also provided.

The article presents 2012 news on serials librarians. The North American Serials Interest Group announced the winners of its 2012 annual awards on May 21st. The International Organization for Standardization has published and released the document "Information and Documentation: Digital Object Identifier System". The U.S. Library of Congress announced on May 2, 2012 that it has had partnered with the company Zepheira to help launch the Bibliographic Framework Initiative.

Abstract: There is currently an increased interest of Government and Industry in the UK, as well as at the European Community level and International Agencies (i.e. Department of Energy, American International Energy Agency), to improve the performance and uptake of Ground Coupled Heat Pumps (GCHP), in order to meet the 2020 renewable energy target. A sound knowledge base is required to help inform the Government Agencies and advisory bodies; detailed site studies providing reliable data for model verification have an important role to play in this. In this study we summarise the effect of heat extraction by a horizontal ground heat exchanger (installed at 1 m depth) on the soil physical environment (between 0 and 1 m depth) for a site in the south of the UK. Our results show that the slinky influences the surrounding soil by significantly decreasing soil temperatures. Furthermore, soil moisture contents were lower for the GCHP soil profile, most likely due to temperature-gradient related soil moisture migration effects and a decreased hydraulic conductivity, the latter as a result of increased viscosity (caused by the lower temperatures for the GCHP soil profile). The effects also caused considerable differences in soil thermal properties. This is the first detailed mechanistic study conducted in the UK with the aim to understand the interactions between the soil, horizontal heat exchangers and the aboveground environment. An increased understanding of these interactions will help to achieve an optimum and sustainable use of the soil heat resources in the future. The results of this study will help to calibrate and verify a simulation model that will provide UK-wide recommendations to improve future GCHP uptake and performance, while safeguarding the soil physical resources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Connections between global governance and poverty are usually made in relation to what are loosely called ‘poor countries’ of the ‘global south’. However, global governance also significantly shapes dynamics of impoverishment in ‘rich countries’ of the ‘global north’. These impacts become all the more apparent when global governance is understood to involve not only well-known intergovernmental agencies such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation, but also additional institutional forms such as transgovernmental networks and private regulatory mechanisms. This broad complex of global governance has often exacerbated poverty in the global north, for example through neglect of the issue, through marginalisation of the people affected, and through the promotion of neoliberal policy frames. At the same time, global governance has in other ways also promoted poverty alleviation in ‘high-income countries’, for example with rules that work in their structural favour, with policy learning, with rights discourses, and with some promotion of global-scale social democracy. Thus, the challenge for efforts to reduce poverty in the global north is, on the one hand, to counter the negative implications of global governance and, on the other hand, to nurture the positive forces. Global coalitions of anti-poverty campaigners – in particular across north–south lines – could especially serve these politics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Climate change has become a major area of concern over the past few years and consequently many governments, international bodies, businesses, and institutions are taking measures to reduce their carbon footprint. However, to date very little research has taken place on information and sustainable development in general, and on the environmental impact of information services in particular. Based on the data collected from various research papers and reports, this review article shows that information systems and services for the higher education and research sector currently generate massive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and it is argued that there is an urgent need for developing a green information service, or green IS in short, that should be based on minimum GHG emissions throughout its lifecycle, from content creation to distribution, access, use, and disposal. Based on an analysis of the current research on green information technology (IT), it is proposed that a green IS should be based on the model of cloud computing. Finally, a research agenda is proposed that will pave the way for building and managing green ISs to support education and research/scholarly activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diaspora organisations are increasingly being lauded as important actors in the development of their communities and countries of origin. Focusing on London-based Nigerian organisations and their interventions in Nigeria, this article assesses the particular claims that diaspora organisations reach, benefit and 'empower' women and 'the poor' at 'home'. It argues that, while many London-based Nigerian organisations do connect with and support these groups, they often do so in ways that reinforce rather than transform established gender relations and socio-economic inequalities. If international agencies are to support the progressive potential of the organised diaspora, it will be necessary to acknowledge the alternative and socially mediated ways in which development might be imagined and enacted both in diaspora and at 'home'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to take a look at the growth and development of Depaul International, the parent company of a group of charities that work to tackle homelessness around the world, as an international homelessness charity.Design/methodology/approach - The paper looks at the approach of Depaul International and the key role that community networks and local start-ups have to bear on the company's expansion into becoming a global organisation.Findings - This paper shows how the ability to work within a broad network of governments and an international community with grass roots impact has been vital to Depaul International's expansion.Originality/value - Homelessness is an issue that affects people across the world in a variety of ways and it means different things in different cultures. This paper demonstrates Depaul International's response to this issue: not to offer a top down response, but to help local people set up their own independent charities that are governed locally but have the guidance and expertise of the Depaul group, so that together a global response can be offered to homelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine variations in nongovernmental organizations' (NGOs') responses to post- 2001 changes in counterterrorism regulations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. We connect the presence of different ideal type responses- hiding, shirking, vocal opposition, participating, and litigating-to the extent of change in regulations, the degree of uncertainty (and risk) created by new regulations, and the availability of political institutions for NGO participation in policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about the international endodontic groups and associations in Great Britain. It provides data on European Society of Endodontology (ESE) and various national societies associated with ESE. These organizations include the Austrian Society for Endodontology, Belgian Association of Endodontology and Traumatology (BAET) and Bulgarian Endodontic Society.

The article presents news briefs related to research and legislation on smoking as of December 1, 2015. The Quebec Court of Appeal has ruled that the Quebec government has the right to sue tobacco companies to recover health care costs. The Smoke-free (Private Vehicles) Regulations 2015 law in England and Wales bans smoking in vehicles carrying children. A new research institute dedicated to studying tobacco ingredients and the harmful effects of smoking opened in Korea.

The article discusses the aim of Alma Ata Declaration to constitute a workforce of globally health care professionals. It is stated that Alma Ata defined health as everyone's obligation, from international organizations and national governments to patients and communities. The declaration suggested that by collective participation individuals can enhance their health services. In Great Britain, the Alma Mata, an online community of over 900 professionals interested in global health, was created. Alma Mata network directed to establish awareness for the health and allied professionals. It is believed that these young professionals and students will be fitted to shape future developments in global health.

A conference paper about the interception measures of the British government and their impact on the role of refugee non-governmental organizations (NGO) is presented. The debate over the issue of asylum and immigration between the Conservative Party and the Labor government is explored. The interception measures, by which the British government and European Union increasingly use, that are described include visa restriction, juxtaposed border controls and carrier sanctions.

Presents information on the research and development initiatives of member countries of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. Australia; Canada; Japan; Great Britain; U.S.

Presents several tables of gross domestic expenditures on research and development of member countries of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1991 to 2003. Austria; Japan; Mexico; New Zealand; Great Britain.

The question of how development agencies should assess their impact has no simple answers and so is often either unasked, or is framed in terms that privilege time-bound and quantitative findings. Describing a council estate neighbourhood project in the UK, the author probes the understandings and perceptions of different stakeholders concerning what they believe has changed over the life of the project, and to what they would attribute those changes. The findings suggest that the impact of development interventions is always contingent upon many factors and can only be properly viewed over time; and that many of the most critical factors in shaping change are intangible and have to do with a wide range of social relations and with human motivation and drive, both individual and collective. The author does not present a ‘blueprint’ for how to conduct impact assessment, but offers some insights into how to frame the questions and interpret the answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers news and ethics resources. These include the International Care Ethics (ICE) Observatory whose aim is to engage in research and scholarship showing the importance and complexity of care activities, call for nominations for the 2015 Human Rights and Nursing Awards and the Summer Cours on Ethics in Dementia Care to take place from July 1 to 3, 2015 in Leuven, Belgium.

An obituary for health sciences librarian John Richard van Loo is presented.

The UK Government reneging on its long-standing commitment to spending 0-7% of gross national income on international aid is being lamented as a stain on the country's proud record on international aid. Originally based on a 1970 UN General Assembly resolution,[1] the UK first reached the 0-7% spending target in 2013, and enshrined it in law in 2015.[2] In 2019, the UK's official development assistance spend was £15-2 million, representing a 4-4% increase on 2018, and probably the highest spend we will see for several years. [Extracted from the article]

Editorial. Provides insights into the efforts to strengthen international action on drug abuse in Great Britain. Details regarding the International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking held on June 17-26, 1987 in Vienna, Austria; Topics discussed in the conference; Instruments of the international drug control system, adopted by the United Nations.

The article examines the role of underdeveloped countries' participation in international organizations in their development. In this context, the author cites the case of Barbados, which was an island dependency of Great Britain. This area got representation in an international conference headed by the U.S. diplomat Charles W. Taussig in 1946. The conference marked the first time in the history of international diplomacy that native leaders from backward, dependent areas had been permitted to attend an intergovernmental conference in the capacity of official delegates empowered to speak and vote on behalf of their territories. The Caribbean Commission has pioneered other new developments in the techniques of international organization. Since its modest beginning in 1942, the Caribbean Commission has compiles an enviable record in constructive efforts to ameliorate conditions in the area. The organization has employed on its staff and made extensive use of experts in community development and in the organization of marketing cooperatives and credit unions.

Presents several charts of technology balance of payments reported by member countries of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, from 1991 to 2002. Denmark; Ireland; Korea; New Zealand; Great Britain.

Vivienne Taylor considers how culture influences parenting in the context of societal and legal views of child abuse and summarises international efforts to eradicate the practice of female genital mutilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of incorporating musculo-skeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) into the rheumatology training curriculum to allow practitioners early detection of inflammatory arthritis (IA). Topics discussed include benefits of early detection of IA to provide subsequent treatment that could possibly alter the prognosis of the disease. Also discussed is the MSUS fellowship program at the Ultrasound School of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology under Dr. Esperanza Naredo.

The author reflects on the highlights of the "2016 International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Therapists (IFOMPT)" conference held in Glasgow, Scotland in July 2016. Topics covered include the author's contribution to the presentation relating to IFOMPT cervical guidelines, the presentations relating to the conference's theme "Expanding Horizons," and the presentation titled "Expanding our understanding of the inflammatory process and its role in pain and tissue healing."

The article presents abstracts of articles related to chronic alcoholism such as "Emotional Decoding Abilities in Alcohol-Dependence: A Categorical Perception Study," by F. D'Hondt and colleagues, "Interactions Between Drinking Motives and Impulsivity in Binge Drinking: A Cluster Analysis," by S. Lannoy and colleagues.

In this article the author discusses the prevalence of and financial burden that is associated with dementia in Great Britain. In the article the author offers opinions on efforts which British Prime Minister David Cameron is making in 2014 to address the physical, emotional and fiscal burdens of dementia and dementia care and to increase research on developing dementia drugs and treatment.