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If there is a topic on which the humanities might make a distinctive claim, it is that of consciousness--an essential aspect of human being. And within the humanities, music might make its own claims in relation to both consciousness and being human. To investigate this connection, David Clarke and Eric Clarke brought together a wide variety of contributors in the book "Music and Consciousness: Philosophical, Psychological, and Cultural Perspectives" (OUP, 2011). The collection contributes to debates in consciousness studies at large, but also maps out areas peculiar to music and consciousness. Additionally, it lays bare the sheer multiplicity of discourses that emerges when consciousness is approached from even a single field of inquiry, such as music. If this poses a challenge for arriving at any agreed notion of consciousness (in relation to music or otherwise), this instability is something that might be best embraced rather than "resolved". While the study of music and consciousness affirms the importance of the humanities, this is not to foreclose dialogue with scientific disciplines, even as this means maintaining awareness of how the different discursive formations of the humanities and sciences may connote different--and frequently incommensurable--sensibilities and values.

This article examines the sequential, temporal, and interactional aspects of sexual assaults using sequential analysis. Fourteen statements taken from victims of bedroom-based assaults were analyzed to provide a comprehensive account of the behavioral patterns of individuals in sexually charged conflict situations. The cases were found to vary in the sexual severity of assault, distinguishing a variety of motivations and behavioral repertoires of offender and victim. Two quite distinct styles of offense were identified: multiple and single, which may have very different implications for research into rapist taxonomies and rape prevention strategies.

Within-field soil heterogeneity can lead to large variation in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Crop simulation models provide a multi-faceted approach to management considering both soil and plant interactions. However, research using crop models for investigating within field variation in NUE is limited, in part because of challenges quantifying spatially variable soil model parameters. Here soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and measured soil properties were used to map spatial variations in soil characteristics across a Long-Term Experiment in Norfolk, England. The relationship between plot ECa across the 3 ha experiment and agronomic data across three different nitrogen rates (0, 110, and 220 kg N ha-1) over five wheat years (2010–2020) was quantified. The Sirius crop model was parameterized for two soils representing the extremes of ECa. Sirius was validated using recorded plot data. Site-specific optimal nitrogen and associated leaching risks were simulated across 29 years of weather data. Variation in soil properties had significant impact on measured NUE. At 220 kg N ha-1 mean observed yields across 5 years ranged from 9.0 to 10.7 t ha-1 and grain protein from 11.6% to 11% on the low EC and high EC plots, respectively. On average fertiliser grain N recovery was 19.7 kg N ha-1 lower on the low ECa plots. Sirius simulated the variation in yield, grain protein and grain N recovery to a good level of accuracy with RRMSE of 19.5%, 15.4% and 19.5%, respectively. Simulated optimal nitrogen on the low EC soils was on average 12 kg N ha-1 lower, with >1 in 4 years with optimal nitrogen <200 kg N ha-1. Our work demonstrated that using a combination of proximal soil EC scans and targeted soil sampling we can optimize the data requirements for model parameterisation to support site-specific N management. [Display omitted] • Nutrient use efficiency is shown to vary across a LTE in response to heterogeneous soil properties. • Electrical conductivity and targeted measurements are used to spatially parametrise a crop model. • Sirius crop model simulated observed spatial-temporal variation in yield and grain protein well. • Sirius was used to simulate site specific optimum N fertiliser using long term weather data set. • Crop simulation models were shown to be potential N management tools for UK wheat crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) support high value commercial and recreational fisheries, however the Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) of the northern Atlantic stock (ICES divisions 4.b–c, 7.a, and 7.d–h) has rapidly declined to an unsustainable level. The decline in SSB has been attributed to high fishing pressure combined with poor recruitment. By tracking juvenile fish their spatial ecology can be identified, and appropriate fisheries management policies designed to boost recruitment can be implemented. Using acoustic telemetry 146 sub-adult European bass (25.2–60 cm fork length) were tracked for up to 370 d across three sites in the southwest of the UK. Tagged fish were detected 2 724 548 times (Range: 166–106 393 detections per fish). Linear modelling estimated tagged fish were resident within 2.4–20.1 km of the site where they were first caught for 42.9–75.5% of the year. Some fish were however resident throughout summer and winter. Individual fish were also tracked moving up to 317 km to other coastal sites, 81% of which returned to their original capture site. Fisheries management should account for the high site fidelity displayed by juveniles and sub-adults of this species and coastal nursery sites should be considered essential habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of older people (> 65 years) in hospital have frailty and are at increased risk of readmission or death following discharge home. In the UK, following acute hospitalisation, around one third of older people with frailty are referred on for rehabilitation, termed 'intermediate care' services. Although this rehabilitation can reduce early readmission to hospital (< 30 days), recipients often do not feel ready to leave the service on discharge, suggesting possible incomplete recovery. Limited evidence suggests extended rehabilitation is of benefit in several conditions and there is preliminary evidence that progressive physical exercise can improve mobility and function for older people with frailty, and slow progression to disability. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Home-based Older People's Exercise (HOPE) programme as extended rehabilitation for older people with frailty discharged home from hospital or intermediate care services after acute illness or injury.Methods: A multi-centre individually randomised controlled trial, to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the HOPE programme. This individualised, graded and progressive 24-week exercise programme is delivered by NHS physiotherapy teams to people aged 65 and older with frailty, identified using the Clinical Frailty Scale, following discharge from acute hospitalisation and linked intermediate care rehabilitation pathways. The primary outcome is physical health-related quality of life, measured using the physical component summary score of the modified Short Form 36- item health questionnaire (SF36) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include self-reported physical and mental health, functional independence, death, hospitalisations, care home admissions. Plans include health economic analyses and an embedded process evaluation.Discussion: This trial seeks to determine if extended rehabilitation, via the HOPE programme, can improve physical health-related quality of life for older people with frailty following acute hospitalisation. Results will improve awareness of the rehabilitation needs of older people with frailty, and provide evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the targeted exercise intervention. There is potential for considerable benefit for health and social care services through widespread implementation of trial findings if clinical and cost-effectiveness is demonstrated.Trial Registration: ISRCTN 13927531 . Registered on April 19, 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self‐harm amongst young people is an increasing problem, with looked‐after young people at higher risk. Despite this, little research exists on what young people who self‐harm find helpful. Method: One hundred and twenty‐six 11–21 year olds (53 who had experience of the care system and 73 who did not) were recruited from the community and NHS. All participants had self‐harmed in the past 6 months. Participants completed an Audio Computer‐Assisted Self‐interview (ACASI) regarding their views about the support they had received, how helpful it was, and what further help they felt they needed. Results: Looked‐after young people reported the three most helpful sources of support were Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), friends and pets and the least helpful were CAMHS, Accident and Emergency (A&E) and Social services. For non‐looked‐after young people, CAMHS, counselling and Harmless (user‐led support service for self‐harm) were most helpful and CAMHS, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and general practitioner (GP) were the least. Compared with the other group, more looked‐after young people had received help from A&E and CAMHS, whereas more non‐looked‐after young people had accessed GPs, parents, psychological therapies, self‐help books and websites. More looked‐after young people found support groups helpful, and more non‐looked‐after young people reported that distraction techniques, medication and their siblings were helpful. Conclusion: Young people who self‐harm have mixed views about CAMHS. Differences in the pattern of access and preferences for support between looked‐after and non‐looked‐after young people should be reflected in service availability and commissioning. Key Practitioner Message: Little is known about what young people who self‐harm find helpful, particularly for looked‐after young people.CAMHS was named amongst the most helpful and the least helpful services by both looked‐after and non‐looked‐after young people.Social services and A&E were frequently cited amongst the least helpful sources of support.Young people report finding informal support helpful, including family and friends.There appears to be a need for explorations of the reasons behind the apparent negative perception of statutory services in young people, and what is required to shift that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background provision of care for care home residents with complex needs is challenging. Physiotherapy and activity interventions can improve well-being but are often time-limited and resource intensive. A sustainable approach is to enhance the confidence and skills of staff who provide care. This trial assessed the feasibility of undertaking a definitive evaluation of a posture and mobility training programme for care staff. Design and setting a cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial with embedded process evaluation. Ten care homes in Yorkshire, United Kingdom, were randomised (1:1) to the skilful care training package (SCTP) or usual care (UC). Participants residents who were not independently mobile. Intervention SCTP—delivered by physiotherapists to care staff. Objectives and measurements key objectives informed progression to a definitive trial. Recruitment, retention and intervention uptake were monitored. Data, collected by a blinded researcher, included pain, posture, mobility, hospitalisations and falls. This informed data collection feasibility and participant safety. Results a total of 348 residents were screened; 146 were registered (71 UC, 75 SCTP). Forty two were lost by 6 months, largely due to deaths. While data collection from proxy informants was good (>95% expected data), attrition meant that data completion rates did not meet target. Data collection from residents was poor due to high levels of dementia. Intervention uptake was variable—staff attendance at all sessions ranged from 12.5 to 65.8%. There were no safety concerns. Conclusion care home and resident recruitment are feasible, but refinement of data collection approaches and intervention delivery are needed for this trial and care home research more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-management approaches are increasingly recommended after stroke with the aim of supporting longer-term adaptation, adjustment and condition management. Stroke survivors with aphasia (SSWA) have particularly poor longer-term outcomes; however, the suitability of self-management for SSWA is unclear. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) play a key role in the provision of care for this group of stroke survivors; however, UK SLTs views of self-management have not been explored. Aims: To explore UK SLTs views of "self-management" as an approach in stroke rehabilitation including its application in practice with SSWA. Methods & Procedures: In depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with SLTs from five NHS speech and language therapy services. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. Outcomes & Results: Eighteen SLTs participated in interviews. Many SLTs were not familiar with the term "self-management". However, SLTs were positive about the connotations of this term which aligned closely with the values they held about their role and the desired outcomes of rehabilitation. SLTs described multiple aspects of their existing practice which they associated with enabling "self-management" (e.g., self-directed practice of therapy tasks, encouraging SSWA to take responsibility for their own rehabilitation, involving family members in therapy). However, some SLTs identified difficulties involving SSWA as active participants in the rehabilitation process and in facilitating "readiness" to take responsibility for managing in the longer-term. Other barriers to enabling self-management were identified including limited session time for speech and language therapy in the community setting, difficulties involving family members in rehabilitation and a lack of access to other services to support self-management (including specialist psychological support). Conclusions: Making the transition to longer-term adaptation, adjustment and condition management is a complex and challenging task which is likely to require tailored support for many SSWA and their families. Supported self-management may help to facilitate this process; however, SLTs require a structured and clearly defined approach and training to assist implementation in practice. Organisational "buy-in" and support for self-management as a therapeutic approach within speech and language rehabilitation will also be required for successful implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 10 years, evidence has emerged that too much sedentary time (e.g. time spent sitting down) has adverse effects on health, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. A considerable amount of media attention has been given to the topic. The current UK activity guidelines recommend that all adults should minimize the amount of time spent being sedentary for extended periods. How best to minimize sedentary behavior is a focus of ongoing research. Understanding the impact of sedentary behaviors on the health of people with stroke is vital as they are some of the most sedentary individuals in society. Implementing strategies to encourage regular, short breaks in sedentary behaviors has potential to improve health outcomes after stroke. Intervention work already conducted with adults and older adults suggests that sedentary behaviors can be changed. A research priority is to explore the determinants of sedentary behavior in people with stroke and to develop tailored interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary interest in researching student agency in science education reflects concerns about the relevance of schooling and a shift in science education towards understanding learning in science as a complex social activity. The purpose of this article is to identify problems confronting the science education community in the development of this new research agenda and to argue that there is a need for research in science education that attends to agency as a social practice. Despite increasing interest in student agency in educational research, the term ‘agency’ has lacked explicit operationalisation and, across the varied approaches, such as critical ethnography, ethnographies of communication, discourse analysis and symbolic interactionism, there has been a lack of coherence in its research usage. There has also been argument concerning the validity of the use of the term ‘agency’ in science education research. This article attempts to structure the variety of definitions of ‘student agency’ in science education research, identifies problems in the research related to assigning intentionality to research participants and argues that agency is a kind of discursive practice. The article also draws attention to the need for researchers to be explicit in the assumptions they rely upon in their interpretations of social worlds. Drawing upon the discursive turn in the social sciences, a definition of agency is provided, that accommodates the discursive practices of both individuals and the various functional social groups from whose activities classroom practice is constituted. The article contributes to building a focused research agenda concerned with understanding and promoting student agency in science. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Co-ordinated multidisciplinary team working has made a significant contribution to improvements in the quality of care within stroke services over the past five years. Here, Dr Clarke reviews the evidence for the efficacy of multi disciplinary team care in stroke rehabilitation within both inpatient services and community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A sample of over 2000 crashes involving drivers aged 60 years or over was considered, from three UK midland police forces, from the years 1994–2007 inclusive. Each case was summarized on a database including the main objective features (such as time and place), a summary narrative, a sketch plan and a list of explanatory factors. The main findings were that older drivers have significant problems with intersection collisions and failing to give right of way; these formed the largest single class of crashes in the sample. Possible behavioural explanations for this will be discussed, along with other findings regarding older driver blameworthiness, fatigue and illness, time of day factors, and ‘unintended accelerations’. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Road traffic accidents are responsible for over 3000 deaths per year in the UK, according to figures. Although progress is being made in a number of areas, vehicle occupant fatalities have not been falling in line with casualty reduction targets for the year 2010. A sample of 1185 fatal vehicle occupant cases was considered, from ten UK police forces, from the years 1994–2005 inclusive. The main findings were: (1) over 65% of the accidents examined involved driving at excessive speed, a driver in excess of the legal alcohol limit, or the failure to wear a seat belt by a fatality, or some combination of these. (2) Young drivers have the great majority of their accidents by losing control on bends or curves, typically at night in rural areas and/or while driving for ‘leisure’ purposes. These accidents show high levels of speeding, alcohol involvement and recklessness. (3) Older drivers had fewer accidents, but those fatalities they were involved in tended to involve misjudgement and perceptual errors in ‘right of way’ collisions, typically in the daytime on rural rather than urban roads. Blameworthy right of way errors were notably high for drivers aged over 65 years, as a proportion of total fatal accidents in that age group. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article features the vital role of U.S. entrepreneur William Wheelwright in the evolution of the steam ship industry in Great Britain. During the mid-nineteenth century, Pacific Steam Navigation Co. (PNSC) was considered the most technologically innovative shipowning company in the country. Wheelwright founded the PSNC and it was one of the earliest Liverpool-based firms to make extensive use of steam technology on long-distance routes. The early years of PSNC's foothold in western South America were quite tenuous.

Focusing on Patrick Keiller's 2005 feature-length film, The City of the Future, this paper revisits the cinematic city. Keiller's film consists entirely of found footage, using intertitles to fashion a unified narrative from separate early actuality films. It involves a fictive journey around Britain, undertaken by an unseen narrator whom, we learn, has travelled back in time to avert an unspecified crisis. Deleterious consequences await Britain's future cities should his mission prove unsuccessful. This narrative device prompts the understanding that the projected crisis has now arrived. Yet by reproducing certain Romantic traits, Keiller risks reinforcing what he seeks to undermine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international (and, increasingly, global) nature of grocery retailing is promoting the need to consider developments across numerous markets in order to understand fully any given country's market characteristics. However, compared with the breadth of research on various aspects of UK grocery retailing, there is a relative paucity of work across the same range of topics and scales in European contexts (broad national-level comparisons excepted). The paper therefore extends work on UK retail change, assessing the extent of corresponding or diverging development trajectories elsewhere in Europe. Key indicators are used to map spatial variations in competition, saturation, and internationalization at a subnational scale. Inferences are made regarding likely patterns of future development through the identification of growth opportunities that may be exploited by organic expansion or merger-and-acquisition activity. Some speculative merger-and-acquisition scenarios are also considered, which suggest the validity of regulatory concerns over local competition and spatial monopoly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In conjunction with its growing popularity, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United Kingdom has witnessed increasing professionalization, partly prompted by the landmark Parliamentary Inquiry that reported in November 2000. Professionalization has become a significant strategy for practitioner associations and a key focus for the government, media, and patient groups. It is being driven by concern over the interests of patients and consumers, and in relation to the possible integration of certain forms of CAM into publicly funded healthcare. It is, moreover, being reconfigured in explicitly national terms. This paper draws on research into practitioner associations representing nine CAM modalities in the UK—aromatherapy, Chinese herbal medicine, chiropractic, crystal healing, feng shui, ‘lay’ homeopathy, medical homeopathy, osteopathy, and Radionics—, examining the recent wave of professionalization in relation to Foucault''s concern with ‘techniques of the self.’ It highlights the contrasting experience of an association of Chinese herbalists seeking statutory self-regulation (SSR) and an association of chiropractors that was instrumental in securing SSR for chiropractic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the role of the academic staff in relation to problem students, with reference to a study on students in higher education institutions in Great Britain. Clarification of the expectations of various constituencies; Findings that students want their teachers to be a source of help; Details on students' perception of lecturers.

Examines the outcome of colorectal carnicoma in Great Britain. Description of colorectal carnicoma; Classifications of carnicoma; Pre-operative mortality rate for palliative operations.

Of 1042 elderly people randomly sampled from the community in a longitudinal study of ageing, 512 had died in the period 1985–1994, with 44 of these occurring among respondents who, at clinical interview, met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia. The presence of dementia, however, was recorded on only 15 (34%) of the 44 death certificates from this group. This low level of recording was not significantly related to the patient's gender, age or place of death. The likelihood of dementia being recorded was also unrelated to date of death, with earlier (1985–1990) and later (1990–1994) certificates showing similar levels of non-recording. Analyses of all 512 certificates showed that cases of dementia were 2.5 times more likely than the non-demented to have bronchopneuomonia recorded as a principal cause of death. These results confirm earlier links between dementia and death from respiratory disease but suggest that, when assessed in random community samples, the extent to which dementia is under reported on British death certificates is greater than previously estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reveals a movement towards the increased predominance of the market in all forms of formerly collective consumption. Home ownership trends in Great Britain; Origins of the theory of urban consumption; Emancipation of capital from labor; Link between market freedom and social polarization.

Despite the success of plastic bag charges in the UK, there are still around a billion single-use plastic bags bought each year in England alone, and the government have made plans to increase the levy from 5 to 10 pence. Previous research has identified motivations for bringing personal bags to a supermarket, but little is known about the individuals who are continuing to frequently purchase single-use plastic bags after the levy. In this study, over a million loyalty card transaction records from a high-street health and beauty retailer were harnessed to study 12,968 individuals' bag buying behaviour (analysed using descriptive statistics). Statistical regional differences in plastic bag buying throughout the UK were found. From the transaction data 2,326 frequent single-use plastic bag buyers were then identified and matched randomly to infrequent buyers, creating a balanced sub-sample which was used for predictive modelling (N = 4,652). For each individual in the modelling sample, their transaction data was matched to questionnaire responses measuring demographics, shopping motivations, and individual differences. Using this data, an exploratory machine learning approach was utilised to investigate the demographic and psychological predictors of frequent plastic bag consumption. It was found that frequent bag buyers spent more money in store, were younger, more likely to be male, less frugal, open to new experiences, and more displeased with their appearance. Interestingly, environmental concerns did not predict plastic bag consumption, highlighting the disconnect between predicting pro-environmental attitudes and real world environmental behaviour. • Plastic bag consumption is measured objectively using transaction data. • Personality survey responses are linked to the transaction records. • Frequent bag buyers were younger, male, less frugal, and higher in trait openness. • Environmental concerns did not predict plastic bag consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

David Clarke, Chief Executive, explains the changes to BCS, the direction in which the organisation is now heading and the challenges that lie ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the moves initiated by the health sector of various countries to control the prevalence of stroke. The disclosure of the World Health Organization (WHO) that about 15 million people worldwide suffer a stroke every year, classifying it as the most common causes of death and disability, has caused alarm in many countries including Canada, the U.S. and Great Britain. Such countries have developed strategies which focus on early intervention and treatment to control stroke.

The article presents obituaries for several notable people including former consultant surgeon Owen Daniel, former consultant physician Hewan Archdale Dewar, and ophthalmic surgeon Edward Lyons.

This article presents an introduction by the author. The author has written that it gives him great pleasure to introduce Rogrigo José Firmino, the Guest Editor. Rogrigo is a postdoctoral fellow at University of SãPaulo, researching with Fundáde Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de SãPaulo, support, the co-development of urban and technological strategies for cities in developing countries. He holds a Masters in Architecture and Urbanism from U.S.P. and a PhD. in Urban Planning from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain.

The article presents information on a national committee called Young Generation Network (YGN) set up by the younger members of the nuclear industry as a collective voice in Great Britain. Some of the main objectives of YGN include: promotion of the nuclear industry and focusing on the next generation; encouraging knowledge transfer between generations and the wider nuclear industry; adopting measures to support network to boost and enhance career development; allowing exchange of experiences and best activities between enterprises; and supporting and engaging in international YGN activities. YGN is actively involved in many activities like organizing annual events and seminars on issues relevant to the YGN, producing educational videos for schools, and helping in the projects of British Nuclear Energy Society. YGN has been providing information from a variety of sources like relevant Web sites, abstracts from news reports, and so on. Anyone under the age of 37 within the nuclear industry can become a member of YGN.

The author discusses various changes and development of the British Computer Society (BCS) as an independent organization in the information technology profession in Great Britain. He mentions that with the aim to change the perception and the reality of professionalism in the field, the society has changed its governance and internal organisation. He notes that BCS will launch new products, services and capabilities that will make IT as the profession of the 21st century.

Patients and carers frequently report dissatisfaction with post-stroke information provision. This study aimed to develop an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing provision of information about recovery in stroke units. Focused ethnographic case-studies in two UK stroke units, including non-participant observations and semi-structured interviews with professionals, patients and carers, and documentary analysis. A Framework approach to analysis was undertaken. Twenty patients, 17 carers and 47 professionals participated. The unpredictable recovery trajectory led professionals to present prognostic estimates as uncertain possibilities. The need to maintain patients' motivation limited sharing of negative predictions, and generic information over-emphasised the importance of therapy in recovery. A structured multidisciplinary team approach to delivering information improved consistency. Complex clinical reasoning was required to identify and meet patients' needs. Hospital environments and routines restricted opportunities for dialogue, particularly with carers. The process of providing information about post-stroke recovery is complex, requiring enhanced clinical reasoning and communication. The challenges faced by professionals are numerous and if not addressed can result in suboptimal provision. Practice implications: Professionals should develop a co-ordinated multidisciplinary approach to information provision; and engage in dialogue to ensure a tailored approach to identifying and meeting patients' and carers' information needs. • Stroke unit patients and carers report dissatisfaction with recovery information. • Ethnographic methods facilitated in-depth exploration of information provision. • A wide range of factors influence provision of recovery information. • A co-ordinated multidisciplinary approach can facilitate information provision. • Staff training is required to support effective delivery and improve confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]