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Background. No trials of POCT device pathways have been published in the field of anaemia of CKD. We describe the results of a year of use of a novel POCT device with its associated eHealth pathway in the home monitoring of ESA therapy, with the aim of evaluating device performance and pathway feasibility. Methods: We used a POCT device designed for home self-testing, able to measure Hb from a drop of capillary blood (Luma, Entia, UK). Results were shared with HCPs via an associated mobile application. The pilot ran from August 2020 to March 2022 in a single UK renal centre. All adult non-dialysis-dependent-CKD patients on ESAs were eligible for inclusion. Participants were mailed the device and trained remotely. Participants were encouraged to self-test twice weekly for up to 1 year, with data collected on a pragmatic basis. Lab and Luma's results were compared. Results: Seventeen participants returned comparable datasets (underwent ≥ 4 lab Hb measurements and self-tested for >5 months) with a mean testing frequency of 1.6 tests/wk. 1062 Luma and 113 lab Hb results were analysed. The coefficient of variation (CV) for raw results was 8.3% with a bias of −2.0% and SD 8.5. The percentage of Luma results differing by >10% lab results was 30.9%, dropping to 17.7% using an 8-point-moving-average. Participants stated they preferred Luma to traditional ESA monitoring and recommended the pathway to others. Conclusion: One year of home self-testing with Luma yielded comparable device utility to other POCT haematology analysers derived via HCP testing. Innovative pilot trials such as this form the basis for new empowering and home-based models of care required and desired by patients and HCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

St Patrick is a figure unique in the culture of late antique Britain, because his writings are almost the only British literary texts of the fifth century. Their interpretation has yet been hamstrung by uncertainty on where Patrick was born, and when he lived. But research in the 1990s convincingly showed St Patrick's home of Bannaventa to be Banwell, North Somerset, in a region west of Bath and with many Roman villas. Further analysis now offers dates for him, putting his letter to the tyrant Coroticus in the 450s, so that Patrick will have died in (it seems) 461 and not (as claimed by some) 493. His writings are evidence for Britain up to the 450s. They thus tell us nothing about later periods, which were dominated by the Saxon invasions of 449 and later, but are never mentioned by Patrick. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an up-to-date account of the life and work of the Yugoslavian textile designer and design consultant Bernat Klein (1922–2014). In the 1960s, he became internationally successful, because of his innovative use of colour in textiles for fashion and interiors. Based in part upon oral history interviews with Klein, the article helps us better understand him, not only as a foreigner in Mandatory Palestine and the UK, but also as a particular type of modernist. It pays focused attention to the house known as High Sunderland that was commissioned by Klein and his wife and designed by the British modernist architect Peter Womersley (1923–1993), including examining internal changes made as the Klein family lived in it. This essay engages and contrasts with the limited number of scholarly publications on this house, which have tended to take a singular view of it as an important example of British post-war domestic modernist architecture. It analyses the complex interconnections between High Sunderland as a modernist space reflecting Womersley and Klein's shared aesthetic values, and as a family home that Klein was deeply attached to, emotionally and psychologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the need of social spaces, and the struggles for domestic architecture of stairs. Topics include that diverse sensory experiences can be felt within the same location by a wide variety of visitors at numerous points in time; and that stairs in English homes depict liminal architectural structure that resembles culture and stories occurred between storeys.

Winter housing of dairy cows and beef cattle is common practise in north-western European countries such as the UK and Ireland. In cattle housing, urine and dung are deposited over a large floor surface area from which ammonia (NH 3) emissions may rapidly occur. The application of additives to this emitting layer has the potential to significantly reduce NH 3 volatilisation from cattle housing surfaces. A dynamic flow-through chamber based study was carried out to determine the NH 3 abatement potential of 10 additives applied to dairy cow slurry covered concrete surfaces under simulated northwest European winter housing conditions. Peak NH 3 fluxes for control (slurry only) treatments occurred at approximately 3–5 h post slurry application, peaking at 133 mg [NH 3 –N] m−2 h−1. Acidifiers offered the most potential for cost-effectively abating NH 3 emissions from slurry-fouled surfaces by increasing the NH 4 +:NH 3 ratio. Experimental data suggests that targeting a slurry pH of 6 at the housing floor stage can significantly reduce NH 3 emissions from fresh excreta. Of the tested additives, alum was the most successful at abating NH 3 emissions from slurry; particularly after 6 h (76% NH 3 abatement), where the efficacy of alum was greatest relative to the other acidifiers. Alum was followed by calcium chloride (69%) and sulphuric acid (41%). Actisan, a commercially available bedding disinfectant was another successful NH 3 abatement option (59% after 6 h). Caution is needed in extrapolating results from this chamber-scale study to cow house scale as spatial and temporal variability of excreta deposition and climatic factors create additional complexity. • Additives applied to slurry-fouled cattle floors significantly reduce NH 3 emissions. • 2 mm fresh dairy cow slurry layer at 12 °C simulating NW European housing conditions. • Peak NH 3 fluxes occurred at 3–5 h after excreta deposition, peaking at 133 mg [NH 3 –N] m−2 h−1. • Alum, calcium chloride and sulphuric acid reduced NH 3 emissions by 76, 69 and 41%. • Acidifiers have most potential for abating NH 3 emissions from cattle house surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities are expected to contribute to regional development through the 'third mission' going beyond traditional academic core functions. Hitherto, the literature has focused on a rather idealistic 'one-size-fits-all' approach to university engagement, though in reality universities have different ways to carry out third-stream activities. This has been partly explained by geographical factors. Therefore, this paper focuses on how a particular context – in this case a rural region – can shape universities' institutional responses towards the third mission. A single case study of the University of Lincoln (UK) demonstrates that a rural context has an impact on the way universities develop their entrepreneurial architectures. A contextual element, namely a rural region, was added to the entrepreneurial architecture framework, originally conceptualized by Vorley and Nelles in 2009 to study how the rural context affects the other dimensions of the entrepreneurial architectures framework. Tentative findings from the case study suggest that in rural regions universities face increased expectations to take leadership outside academia in the lack of other local knowledge institutions. The engagement is largely based on personal linkages with external stakeholders instead of a formal collaboration mechanism, while the structures and strategic choices are oriented towards serving the local job market and regional priority sectors. These results imply that a particular context shapes the university's orientation and institutional responses to third-stream activities, and thus further context-sensitive studies on universities' entrepreneurial architectures would be beneficial for exploring how universities can efficiently contribute to regional development in different environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Britain and China have experienced periods of rapid population growth and inadequate housing construction. Social housing is a form of housing tenure easing the housing pressure. It solves residential demands of different living patterns in middle to low income groups. The sustainable strategy lies in three aspects:1. Making utmost use of the local natural environment; 2. Providing reasonable public space and suitable traffic to revitalize community awareness; and 3. The holistic design of multiple dwelling units for different people and long-term needs. This paper shows two projects – Park Hill in Sheffield, UK and Longnan Garden in Shanghai – as precedents of how to design social housing with sustainable approaches by following the local natural characteristics, by respecting traditions and the different demands of residents and the long-term housing usage. UP TO HERE Compared with China’s 20-year social housing development, that in Britain has a long history and presents complicated multiplicities, could provide significant references. This paper shows that such communities could be design in steps: using the organic gallery apartment building layout, the special corridor system connecting the public function to neighborhoods, SI House theories optimizing the hostile design of dwelling units and components. During the design, the local nature and tradition should be respected. Specifically, the Park Hill is built up along the sloping field, four types of apartment units are based on the traditional terraced house, designed holistically for different families; the deck, which is called “street in the sky”, is not only the traffic but also the active place promoting public and neighborhoods relationships; the renovation design retains the former structure and makes the maximization of indoor flexibility. Longnan Garden is surrounded by existing resident districts; the organic planning based on the traditional courtyards ensures the enough sunlight and river views in the community; the community environment is improved by the courtyards, which include the ground area and roof gardens; elevated corridors run through courtyards connecting common rooms on the second floor; the 7.6-meter-height skeleton is innovated from SI housing and the experience of European social housing. The paper summarizes the development tendency of social housing and provides reference for future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a meta-analysis of hourly indoor summertime temperature datasets gathered during the summer of 2013 (May to September) from 63 dwellings located across the UK. The sample consisted of unmodified dwellings (existing), dwellings with varying levels of fabric improvements (retrofitted), and dwellings constructed to higher levels of the Code for Sustainable Homes (new). Indoor and outdoor temperature data from bedrooms and living rooms from these homes were collected at 5-min intervals using temperature sensors. These data were processed and analyzed for summertime overheating, using both static criteria (CIBSE Guide A) and the criteria associated with the EN 15251 adaptive thermal comfort model (CIBSE TM52). The results show that despite a relatively cool summer, sufficiently high temperatures were found in a high proportion of dwellings, which were overheated according to the static criteria, although the prevalence of overheating was found to be much lower when assessed by the adaptive method. Considerably higher temperatures were found in bedrooms, much higher than those in living rooms. Interestingly, dwellings with higher levels of insulation experienced overheating twice as frequently as uninsulated dwellings. It is necessary to consider the overheating risk during the design and retrofit of homes to avoid air-conditioning in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of modular building systems (MBSs) in the construction sector is increasing. MBSs enhance structural performance of buildings, quality control, and construction speed than traditional methods at a lower cost. Additional benefits can be associated with resource efficiency at both the production and construction phases, which may increase MBSs' attractiveness and popularity in the short‐ and long‐term future. In the UK, the government is planning to solve Britain's housing crisis by constructing more than 100,000 modular homes in an effort to meet its target to provide a million new homes by 2020. At the same time, the construction sector is facing post‐Brexit skills shortages, while it is undergoing a technological revolution. One outcome of the latter has been the production of cold‐formed steel (CFS) hollow flange sections, which can be optimised using genetic algorithm and finite element analyses in order to improve the load‐carrying capacity of modular buildings. These optimised CFS beams, employed in MBSs, can light gauge the frame building constructions. This paper presents a review of MBSs and the application of CFS hollow flange steel sections in construction. It then summarises some of the key outputs of numerical studies on the structural behaviour of hollow flange beams to justify its applicability in MBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic buildings are increasingly complex, saturated with services that need coherent control if design and inhabitants’ goals are to be achieved. The evidenced inappropriate use of controls linked with a performance gap suggests that effective methods for assessing the inhabitants’ relationship with control interfaces for services are needed within building performance evaluation and practice studies. The development of a bespoke domestic usability tool over two iterations is presented, demonstrating new insights into the relationship between design and inhabitant engagement with controls. Deep contextual development came from trialling the tool in four UK domestic case studies. Understanding the purpose of a control interface and the inhabitants’ role was found to be a fundamental diagnostic for inhabitant engagement. The tool became a prompt for immediate action or further information-seeking for one-quarter of households involved in its application. However, the affordances and physical issues identified could not be addressed without major physical changes, which should have been picked up at the design and construction stages. Organizational learning based on the tool findings was triggered in one of four developers involved. The challenges for developing usability studies are discussed with recommendations provided for different actors in the housing and construction industry on how to progress them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the design and practice of laundries and laundry work in care home settings. This is an often-overlooked aspect of the care environment, yet one that shapes lived experiences and meanings of care. It draws on ethnographic and qualitative data from two UK-based Economic and Social Research Council–funded studies: Buildings in the Making, a study of architects designing care homes for later life, and Dementia and Dress, a project exploring the role of clothing in dementia care. Drawing together these studies, the article explores the temporality and spatiality of laundry work, contrasting designers' conceptions of laundry in terms of flows, movement, and efficiency with the lived bodily reality of laundry work, governed by the messiness of care and 'body time'. The article examines how laundry is embedded within the meanings and imaginaries of the care home as a 'home' or 'hotel', and exposes the limitations of these imaginaries. We explore the significance of laundry work for supporting identity, as part of wider assemblages of care. The article concludes by drawing out implications for architectural design and sociological conceptions of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some architects around the world are putting up a resistance to building. And with good reason: they have realised that demolition and new build is not necessarily the most desirable solution for outdated housing stock. Emily Schmidt and Rosalie Genevro, of the Architectural League of New York, interviewed three teams – in London, France and Toronto – who are thinking outside the box to find ways of giving new life to existing social and affordable housing, while minimising disruption to residents' lives and keeping costs in check. They take the architect's role beyond design, to community engagement and policy advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the role of planning in the housing crisis. It responds to a common neoliberal critique of the planning system by providing evidence that, rather than contributing to the housing crisis, planning can play a key role in solving it. To do this the paper first explains the weaknesses of the 'anti-planning' analysis of the housing crisis, and then considers three solutions in which planning plays a key role. These are: (1) diversifying the housebuilding market; (2) intervening in the land market; and (3) supporting and resourcing strong, pro-active planning. If these solutions are supported with the requisite legislation, support and powers, then the housing crisis is surmountable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additional information about the Romano-British villa at Woodham's Farm was discovered whilst researching the villas at Sparsholt and Twyford. Amongst the Sparsholt material held by the late David Johnston was an envelope containing coins from Woodham's Farm. Similarly, amongst the Twyford paper archive held by Martin Biddle was a letter from Mr. W. H. Blake of Woodham's Farm to Lieut. Colonel Montague dated 14th September 1925. The letter briefly described his excavation of the site and contains a sketch of the exposed ground plan of parts of the villa. This short report is based on the information held by Winchester Museum Services (History File ARCH 296). It documents the discoveries found and attempts to put the Romano-British Villa at Woodham's Farm into a regional context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is continued failure to build homes for diverse and disabled occupancy. We use three eco-communities in England to explore how their eco-houses and wider community spaces accommodate the complex disability of hypotonic cerebral palsy. Using site visits, video footage, spatial mapping, field diary observations, surveys and interviews, this paper argues that little attention has been paid to making eco-communities and eco-houses accessible. There are, we argue, three useful and productive ways to interrogate accessibility in eco-communities, through understandings of legislation, barriers and mobility. These have three significant consequences for eco-communities and disabled access: ecological living as practised by these eco-communities relies upon particular bodily capacities, and thus excludes many disabled people; disabled access was only considered in relation to the house and its thresholds, not to the much broader space of the home; and eco-communities need to be, and would benefit from being, spaces of diverse interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing history has been part of the mix of articles in The London Journal from its inception in 1975. The housing articles cover a wide period of London's history from early modern times to the contemporary city, and they track the major changes in historical method and sources that have become available over the last forty years. As has been noted by others, the contemporary has fallen out of the coverage, which is a pity since the housing debate in the capital has become more insistent, and it would seem that housing history has much to offer, not in the way of answers, but with strategies from the past for dealing with a perennial and intransigent problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments can appropriate well understood planning concepts without fully acknowledging their heritage, meaning and implications. The English government's reference to garden villages as a model for future residential developments is considered a good example. The article highlights the government's changing rhetoric in the promotion of similar, but evolving forms of neighbourhood development. It is argued that we need to look beyond this rhetoric, and maintain a clear concern for realising developments which conform to established urban design principles and thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of the in-use energy performance of the Richard Feilden House student accommodation at Queen Mary University, London, UK. The building was completed and occupied in October 2007 and the study was conducted over a 2-year period (January 2008–December 2009). Analysis of the energy audit carried out as part of the study is presented in this paper. The findings suggest that the energy performance of the Richard Feilden House student accommodation is in accordance with its design intent and better than the Good Practice Benchmarks. High levels of insulation, thermal mass, ventilation heat recovery, decentralised electric heating, a greater reliance on internal heat gains for space heating and a proactive building management approach have contributed to this success. However, strategies similar to those adopted by the Passivhaus Standards will be required if future targets of low-carbon buildings are to be met. Currently, there is limited knowledge on the in-use energy performance of student housing in the UK, and while the findings from this study can be helpful for benchmark comparison, more such studies of this building types in the UK are required. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Lack of internal space is a problem in UK homes, and is often linked to a lack of space standards for housing in the UK. Although previous studies have examined new-build housing, this paper uses a new method to study 16 000 dwellings in the English Housing Survey (EHS) 2010 to examine existing housing and compare them with a modern space standard in an attempt to quantify the extent and magnitude of the problem. Dwellings in the survey were compared against a slightly modified version of theLondon Housing Design Guide2010 internal space standard. It was found that between 21% and 55% of dwellings failed to meet the standard; and that flats and small terraced houses were most commonly below the standard. Dwellings were also frequently found to be under-occupied in comparison with the number of bedrooms. This research hypothesized that this was a result of the lack of space. To illustrate the use of this new analysis method, a recent change to the Housing Benefit system (colloquially known as the ‘Bedroom Tax’) has been considered. Households receiving Housing Benefit were more likely to be undersized, suggesting that the policy to withdraw housing benefits from these households may be misguided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of public funding and commercial constraints often restrict fresh thinking coming to the fore when designing housing for older people, as the potential for architects to respond innovatively in practice remains limited. In 2013, developer McCarthy & Stone and the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) paired up to launch the Re-imagine Ageing design competition, which asked architects to provide visionary responses to designing proposals for a typical retirement site on a brownfield plot in Bishop's Waltham, Hampshire. Guest-Editor Lorraine Farrelly describes the work of the award-winners and explains how this unique chance to develop and research more far-reaching approaches to retirement housing has gone on to inform their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In England spatial planning has been critiqued as being part of a postpolitical project which seeks to suppress the contested nature of policy and determining appli-cations. A key aspect of this critique is that consensus overrides territoriality as the interface between local, bounded politics is underplayed in favour of the relational nature of place. In this reading local planners may be seen as caught between their professional understanding of, and commitment to, relational space and the bounded nature of local politics that informs their political masters at the local level. However, drawing on experience of policy development in Islington, London, it is argued that planners can themselves employ a bounded discourse of place, independently of local political demands. The Coalition government's localism agenda extends the premise of spatial planning-- promoting the local and/or place but giving primacy to accommodating externally driven change; this paper explores the implications for planning practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses the villa of the eccentric Richard (Dickie) Bateman in Windsor, England during the second half of the 18th century. An overview of his friendship with art historian Horace Walpole, including in regard to their homosexuality, is provided. Bateman's villa as an embodiment of Gothic architecture is discussed. An overview of the Chinese influence on Bateman's designs is provided.

Abstract: Despite increasingly stringent building energy regulations worldwide, non-compliance exists in practice. This paper examines the profile of compliance with building energy regulations for new-build dwellings. In total 404 new-build dwellings completed in the UK from 2006 to 2009 were investigated. Only a third of these dwellings were evidenced as being compliant with Building Regulations Part L (England and Wales). Such low compliance casts a serious concern over the achievability of the UK Government''s target for all new-build homes to be ‘zero carbon’ from 2016. Clearly evidenced was a lack of knowledge of Part L and its compliance requirements among the supply and building control sides of new-build dwellings. The results also indicate that the compliance profile was influenced by factors including Standard Assessment Procedure (UK Government''s methodology for energy efficiency) calculation submissions, learning and experience of builders and building controls with Part L, use of Part L1A checklist, the introduction of energy performance certificate (EPC), build method, dwelling type, and project size. Better compliance was associated with flats over houses and timber frame over masonry. The use of EPC and Part L1A checklist should be encouraged. Key to addressing the lack of compliance with building energy regulations is training. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Kinross has come to epitomise a defining moment in the development of Scottish domestic architecture, when the retrospective image of the tower-house finally submitted to the refinement and convenience of the compact, classical country house. This essay, which is based upon a close analysis of the aspirations and ambitions of Sir William Bruce's patrons, puts the case for an alternative hypothesis. The tower did not give way to the classical country house, as historians have proposed. Instead, both forms of architecture remained in demand throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, each appealing to different sections of noble society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]