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The article examines how the U.S. Civil War and Reconstruction impacted political reform in Great Britain during the 1860s. It discusses liberalism in British politics, perceived messages about liberty, self-determination, and constitutional government sent from the U.S. to Great Britain, and radicalism in Great Britain. The article also discusses reaction to the U.S. Emancipation Proclamation issued by then-U.S. president Abraham Lincoln and economic conditions in Bradford, Yorkshire.

British responses to the American Civil War were not straightforward, though the relevant historiography has tended to concentrate on a number of now quite familiar explanations. The reasons why British people took sides – if they did (for some did not) – are usually thought to have been shaped by the slavery question and concomitant thinking about race, labour systems, and the nature of work; by direct economic interest – cotton, grain, investments, and the potential for future commerce; by political ideas, relating especially to democracy, national self-determination, federalism, and republics; and by geostrategic concerns about how best to preserve Britain's global role and imperial power. These were all important, but so was a relatively neglected set of influences on British opinion that arose from cultural and social determinants. This article suggests that many British people supported the Confederacy because they saw the American South as fundamentally unlike the North and, what is more, as recognizably 'English'. The words and deeds of a prominent pro-Southerner, A.J. Beresford Hope, are used to elucidate this motivation for taking sides. Scholars have not previously investigated Hope's activism or the cultural and social case for the Confederacy in much detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews literature to provide context for a reflective narrative on a collaborative research project undertaken by disabled people, practitioners and academics. This approach required reconsidering many aspects of methodology and practice as the research relationships are altered. The article reflects on how the collaborative and participatory approach was developed and sustained and how it impacted on the research process and its outcomes. The article explores how the group of people worked together on a complex large-scale research project to bring the voices of service users and other key players together in a discussion about social care. The article is written by one of the academic partners and draws on consortium documents and reflections from other consortium members provided for the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines mid-19th-century radical politics in Great Britain and the associated Chartist labor reform movement through a case study of the career of radical leader Bronterre O'Brien. More specifically, the author is concerned with the ways in which O'Brien's career demonstrates the connection between leadership within Great Britain's radical community and reputation.

The article focuses on how Irish Chartist leader James Bronterre O'Brien used the ideologies of French revolutionary politician Maximilian Robespierre in an attempt to reform democracy in Great Britain throughout the early 1800s. The author compares the political and social issues taking place in Britain to those that had started the French Revolution. He discusses O'Brien's role in the history of Chartism, explores how he sought to end aristocratic tyranny, and analyzes the impact of the British parliamentary act known as the 1832 Reform Act on democratic suffrage.

Purpose – This paper aims to detail the work of Nasa Begum in the disabled people's movement in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides information on Nasa's background and her work as a social worker, researcher and activist in the disability movement. Findings – Nasa was a black disabled woman who used mental health services. This paper focuses particularly on how she brought the perspectives of black disabled people to the disabled people's movement and the health and social care field. Originality/value – The paper demonstrates that Nasa has left a clear legacy of principles that show how things can and should be done when policy makers and service providers want to work in an inclusive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the connections between Chartism, the most important popular reform mobilization in nineteenth-century Britain, and the United States of America, a source of hope and inspiration for many British radicals of the period, by focusing on the ideas and publications of James Bronterre O'Brien. The article explains why Chartists admired America's political system and social condition, why Britain seemed to them to be so flawed and corrupt in comparison, and how O'Brien - Chartism's 'schoolmaster'- used America in his political activities. Despite his key role in Chartism, especially in its early stages, O'Brien's reputation suffered thereafter, and among historians he has attracted only limited interest. His career merits another look. This article highlights in particular the ways in which he endorsed and increased the relevance of America to British radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and elucidates the making of Manchester Chartism, with special reference to the Reform Crisis of 1830–32 and its role in highlighting and confirming divisions within and between groups of radicals. For all the importance of personalities, ideas, organisations and national as well as local reform issues, the history of Chartism in Manchester was shaped above all by the town's political configuration. Political and class identities became stronger in 1830–32. This, and subsequent differences of opinion on key questions, ensured that no inclusive reform alliance was possible in Manchester. After examining the Reform Crisis of 1830–32, tracing the separation of middle-class from working-class activists and exploring the internal schisms within plebeian and respectable middle-class campaigns, this article shows how the polarisation of the early 1830s continued into the Chartist period. Problems of contact, communication and sympathy between the different groups were never overcome, and Manchester Chartism would itself experience fragmentation and resistance, just as earlier popular mobilisations in the town had been divided and opposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To provide a breakdown of injury incidence from amateur jump racing (also known as point to point racing) in Great Britain and Ireland during 1993-2006 and to compare the injury epidemiology with professional horse racing in Great Britain, Ireland and France. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Great Britain and Ireland. Participants: Amateur jockeys. Main outcome measures: Injury rates. Results: Injury data suggest that point to point racing is more dangerous from an injury point of view than professional jump racing, which has previously been shown to be more dangerous than flat racing. Amateur jockeys have mare falls than their professional counterparts, and this in turn puts them at greater risk of sustaining more serious injuries. Conclusions: Amateur (point to point) jockeys represent a sporting population that previously has been little studied. They represent a group at high risk of injury, and hence formal injury surveillance tracking and counter measures for injury prevention are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-examines the problem of radical disunity after 1832. The main focus is on radical attitudes towards the second Melbourne ministry (1835–41) and its handling of the Canadian rebellions of 1837. Even when the government's imperial difficulties created a suitable opportunity to rekindle their reform campaign, radical leaders failed to co-operate effectively and made little headway in mobilizing and harnessing popular support. This defeat can be profitably explored through the experiences of Thomas Perronet Thompson (1783–1869), who emerged as one of the most energetic and strident critics of British policy in Canada during and after the rebellions. Despite his best efforts, Thompson was unable to win over other radical leaders or to attract a large following, a failure that highlights the wider constraints faced by radicalism in this era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a good deal has been written about the contacts between British and continental reformers in 1848 and afterwards, the same cannot be said of the 1820s and 1830s. This article will investigate the involvement in European affairs of Thomas Perronet Thompson and John Bowring, two of the closest colleagues of the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham. This article has three main purposes: first, to establish the relevance to British radicalism of a European perspective, using Thompson and Bowring as exemplars who can be taken to represent one of the most important strands in the British radicalism of their day; secondly, to improve our understanding of reform agitation and ideologies in early nineteenth-century Britain and Europe; and, thirdly, in view of the customary focus of historians on 1848 and after, to begin to redress this imbalance in the historiography by drawing attention to the 1820s and 1830s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with the establishment and early history of the 'Westminster Review,' a radical periodical of early nineteenth-century Great Britain. Spotlight on the role of Thomas Perronet Thompson; Examination of editorial processes; Defense of Bethamite utilitarianism; Demands for political reform; Championship of liberal economics; Conflict with 'Edinburgh Review.'

Seeks to re-balance the canon of anti-corn law leadership by examining the ideas of Thomas Perronet Thompson. Role in the work of the Anti-Corn Law League; Thompson's free trade principles; Personal leadership among anti-corn leaders; Links between the League and other phenomena as Chartism and the campaign for factory reform; Central importance of Thompson in the achievement of repeal.

Examines the implication of the British government's involvement in Sierra Leone colony during the period 1780 to 1820 for its commitment to the abolition of slave trade and the `civilization' of Africa. Development of British interest in Africa in late eighteenth-century; Arguments of British abolitionists; Role of colony governor Thomas Perronet Thompson in the slave trade abolition.

Comments on several medical issue in Great Britain. Significance of smoke detectors in saving lives; Examination of women with dyskaryortic cervical smears; Diagnosis of gastric cancer by barium meal examination; Skepticism of general practitioners on the risk of HIV infection associated with foreign travel.

Focuses on medical issues in Great Britain. Immunization against infectious diseases; Complications of central venous cannulation; Use of oral activated charcoal in the management of patients with acute poisoning.

This article presents study that examined classificatory choices within an explicit, incentives-based framework. The results obtained will provide an insight into the general applicability of positive accounting theory by evaluating its explanatory power in a hithero untested choice situation. The assumed object of smoothing in this study is the reported profit after tax, but before extraordinary items. This is chosen because, under U.K. GAAP, it provides the basis for the calculation of the earnings per share figure, a statistic regarded by many as a key financial ratio. The instrument of smoothing which we examine is the classification of items either above the line or below the line. In this study, we refer to exceptional and extraordinary items as discretionary classification items. We will show that in U.K. financial reporting they occur frequently and are of significant magnitude. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. In the next section we (i) define earnings management, (ii) review positive accounting theory, which provides the general theoretical framework for this study, (iii) discuss the relationship, within this framework, between the accounting choice, earnings management and income smoothing literatures, and (iv) develop our model and hypotheses. In the third section we describe our measure of smoothing and detail our sample and methods. The fourth section contains results and discussion. The final section presents the conclusions.

Discusses the anti-colonial and anti-racist views of Thomas Perronet Thompson, a British Member of the Parliament during the mid-19th century. Political and personal background; Overview of radical attitudes towards empire during the period; Views of Thompson on land reform, transportation and emigration.

Objective(s): This study aimed to examine recent trends in maternal obesity.Study Design: This retrospective observational study used routinely computerised clinical and sociodemographic data of women who presented for antenatal care in a large maternity hospital in Ireland during the eight years 2010-17. Women with complete body mass index (BMI) data who delivered a baby weighing ≥500 g were included in the study. BMI was based on the measurement of weight and height and was categorised into the World Health Organizations (WHO) classifications.Results: The number of women delivered was 67,949 and 99.1% had complete data. The overall obesity rate increased from 16.0% (95% CI 15.3-16.8%) in 2010 to 18.9% (95% CI 18.0-19.7%) in 2017 (+18.1%, p < 0.001). This increase occurred in the mild, moderate and severe obesity subcategories (all p < 0.01). Overall, obesity was associated with multiparity, maternal age, maternal birth in Ireland or the United Kingdom (UK), depression, unemployment and unplanned pregnancy. The increase in obesity was more pronounced in nulliparas than in multiparas, particularly nulliparas <30 years. The increased obesity levels were accompanied by major sociodemographic changes in the hospital population from 2010 to 2017 with an increase in the average maternal age from 30.5 years to 32.2 years (p < 0.001) and a decrease in the proportion of nulliparas aged <30 years (from 40.6% to 28.8%, p < 0.001).Conclusion(s): It is likely that the escalating maternal obesity levels will lead to further increases in obstetric complications and interventions. The escalation was accompanied by major sociodemographic changes which have implications for healthcare planning and public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]