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Despite a long line of scholarship on race and social control, evidence that incarceration can be connected to slavery is difficult to provide. This study evaluates whether slavery had long-term effects on growth in state incarceration rates by focusing on two key theoretical indicators: the size of the enslaved population prior to the Civil War and demographic changes during the Great Migration. Results reveal that states that historically had larger enslaved populations and those that acted as destinations for southern migrants experienced increased growth in incarceration between 1970 and 2015. Mediation analyses show that both variables have indirect effects on change in incarceration rates through contemporary demographic composition and public opinion. These findings lend support to theoretical claims that link slavery to mass incarceration and shed light on the mechanisms that enable racial histories to map onto current criminal punishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the foundation of the republic, the government of the United States promoted western expansion through the surveying and sales of the public domain. The agency responsible over most of this period, the General Land Office (GLO), produced maps of the progress of surveying and sales on an annual basis. This article reviews a notable series, from the first "connected" map (i.e., one showing all the public lands in a single view) in 1864 until the last in 1953. In each period, the national map produced by the agency reflects the concerns of the time, as it records the preparations for the sale of the public domain for settlement. In the first decades of the connected maps, the primary thematic elements documented the work of GLO in surveying what is now called the Public Land Survey System (PLSS). These maps evolved to include a treatment of "territorial acquisitions," which eventually became the most prominent thematic element, while still including a representation of the PLSS grid. The series' first depictions of territorial acquisitions included an exceptional error, one of several, indicating that the Oregon Country was part of the Louisiana Purchase. Commissioner Binger Hermann expounded his understanding of the United States' territorial history in an eighty-seven page monograph, an unusual recognition of a cartographic error, which led to corrections. The long history of this map series provides material to understand the role of maps in the history of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the construction of TopoRadio (toporadio.org), an interactive map that showcases publications and archives about Spanish-language radio in the U.S. The map aims to promote a more inclusive and comprehensive representation of U.S. radio history by improving the visibility of contributions from Latinx broadcasters. The article addresses how map-making historically suppressed Spanish-language radio programs and proposes using critical cartography as a framework for mapping back this history. The technical elements of TopoRadio, including publication selection criteria, metadata design, geocoding process, and the appraisal of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, are described to provide scholars with a reproducible method for creating interactive mapping projects. The article concludes with an assessment of the map's effectiveness as a research tool and an analysis of the publications in the field of Spanish-language radio studies included on the map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Clason's self-help essays on achieving financial independence became accepted household wisdom to millions of Americans between 1925 and 1950. Less well known is Clason's legacy in building the largest commercial map company west of Chicago between 1903 and 1931. In his earlier life as a Denver-based map publisher and booster of western economic development, Clason produced millions of road maps, state maps, city maps, promotional circulars and maps for mining companies, land companies, and state and local governments. This paper explores how Clason's earlier career as a cartographer and map publisher reflected the same economic principles he made nationally famous in his later essays about saving money and building capital. I suggest that Clason's maps successfully blended multiple and distinctive genres of commercial mapping, forming a powerful cartographic narrative focused on promoting development in the West that reflected his own ideology oriented around a belief in progress, high modernism, and the merits of individual effort within a largely capitalistic economic system. I examine the strategic partnerships and business relationships Clason forged with private companies and state institutions and how textual and visual material within Clason's maps communicated enduring ideas about the West's economic potential and regional character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author reflects upon the history of maps and the cartoral arts in the U.S. Particular focus is given to the relationship between mapmaking and the arts. Additional topics discussed include the "Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations," held at the Crystal Palace exhibition hall in New York City in 1853, the links between maps and landscape paintings in the 18th-century and depictions of maps in the paintings and artworks by American artists including Francis William Edmonds.

Academic cartographers consistently expressed an interest in the history of map form (design and practice), at least until the 1980s. This essay reviews the formation of academic cartography, primarily in central Europe and the United States, and the scholarly work on the internal history of cartography that was clearly manifested in Imago Mundi. Internal map history catalysed the development of socio-cultural map histories after 1980 but did not itself change along those new lines. This was unfortunate because it is by paying attention to internal questions of the physical and graphic form of maps and the practices of mapping—albeit critically reconfigured as the processes of producing, circulating and consuming maps—that map historians will discover new and fertile intellectual ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a review of the exhibition "Common Destinations: Maps in the American Experience," at the Winterthur Museum and Library, University of Delaware from April 20, 2013-January 5, 2014 in Winterthur, Delaware.

A history of Indian-government relations in the United States and Canada from the Colonial period to 2013, as depicted in maps, is presented. Topics considered include the history of cartography; the creation of Indian reservations; the acquisition of Indian lands through purchase, treaty, and eminent domain; and the Walking Purchase of 1737 in Pennsylvania. Cartographers considered include Nicolas Sanson, Herman Moll, Lewis Evans, John Mitchell, and David H. Burr. Indian tribes discussed include the Pequot, Nanticoke, and Bear River Indians.

Charts made by great eighteenth century navigators, such as George Vancouver and James Cook, may seem flat and lifeless legacies, perpetuating the names of British nobility and Admiralty; but charts that reflect imperial aspirations can also reveal personal emotions. Behind the surveying, naming, and mapping of coastal features one can discern how the lives of these two men were geographically intertwined in a deeply personal way. Close reading of charts and journals reveals Vancouver's profound personal regard for Cook, and the permanent sense of loss that marked Vancouver's adult naval career. In the cartographic legacy, this obscure emotional bond still transcends time and space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses map-based mortgage risk-rating techniques used by the U.S. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) in the 1930s. Particular focus is given to attitudes towards these techniques and policies within the FHA itself. It is suggested that while historians have criticized these techniques as discriminatory, FHA officials believed that they were developing an objective decision-making aid and computational tool. Particular focus is given to the development of the fields of real estate, social science, and urban science. Topics discussed include mortgage underwriting, appraiser Frederick Babcock, human ecology, and quantitative data.

This essay examines the cultural significance of "ambulatory maps" in the Atlantic world between 1700 and 1800. Comparing stationary and portable maps, the essay in particular explores the emergent genre of the commercial pocket map. As "things-in- motion," pocket maps occupied a unique place in American material life. Used for mapping people's transits while at the same time being objects in transit, pocket maps constituted a unique visual and literary experience that affected early American engagements with space and spatial ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Shakers' knowledge of geography in order to territorially expand throughout the U.S. from 1805 through 1835. An overview of Shaker cartographers' creation of maps, which were reliant on the skills of surveyors, is provided. Several maps of the U.S., produced by Shakers, including of the Northeast U.S., South Union, Kentucky and Maine, are presented. An overview of Shakers' attitudes towards geography, including in regard to their religious and national identities, is also provided.

The article focuses on William De Brahm (c1717-1799), 18th century German cartographer who was notable for his work mapping the Southeastern portion of the British colonies in North America. The author considers De Brahms' mysticism which he embraced in his later life, his criticism of imperialism and the treatment of the Indians of North America, and his scientific writings associated with his cartographic studies. The author seeks to reconcile De Brahm's scientific innovations, religious thoughts, and social commentary during the period of the Enlightenment as well as the religious revivals within the U.S.

Highlights the 20th International Conference on the History of Cartography held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in June 2003. Co-hosts of the conference; Paper and poster sessions; Tours; Receptions; Exhibitions; Pre-conference meetings of the International Society of Curators of Early maps and the International Cartographic Association Committee on Teaching the History of Cartography.

From Presidio to the Pecos River: Surveying the United States-Mexico Boundary along the Rio Grande, 1852 and 1853 by Orville B. Shelburne (review). From Presidio to the Pecos River: Surveying the United States-Mexico Boundary along the Rio Grande, 1852 and 1853 by Orville B. Shelburne (review) Andrew J. Milson Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 124, Number 4, April 2021, pp. 481-482 (Review) Published by Texas State Historical Association For additional information about this article [ Access provided at 1 Apr 2021 07:51 GMT from Ebsco Publishing ] https://muse.jhu.edu/article/786707 and analysis of this topic. Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Jen Corrinne Brown From Presidio to the Pecos River: Surveying the United States-Mexico Boundary along the Rio Grande, 1852 and 1853. [Extracted from the article]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the exploration of the American and Hispanic American history, sixteenth century cartography, and Hispanic immigration to the U.S.