46 results on '"Hamilton, Scott"'
Search Results
2. MANUFACTURING : US manufacturers cut costs with MRP II systems
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Published
- 1988
3. Can It Work for Us Too? Results from Using West Point's Fundamentals of Engineering Mechanics and Design Course Redesign.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott R., Bruhl, Jakob C., and Wyrick, Joshua Richard
- Subjects
- *
APPLIED mechanics , *COURSE content (Education) , *MILITARY education , *DEMOGRAPHIC change , *IMPLEMENTATION (Social action programs) , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
At the 2017 ASEE National Conference and Exhibition two papers from the US Military Academy (one in the Mechanics Division and one in the Civil Engineering Division) detailed a redesign of their initial mechanics sequence and the introduction of Inquiry Based Learning Activities. The authors of those papers extended an offer to share details and materials of their course redesign and associated lesson activities. The authors of this paper took them up on that offer and in the Fall of 2017 implemented the changes proposed at the US Military Academy at York College of Pennsylvania. The question this paper strives to answer is, can a similar course redesign produce similar results at an institution, that in many respects is very different from the US Military Academy; essentially is the West Point redesign reproducible and the results replicable and if so under what conditions?. This paper will strive to use many of the same measures from the original paper in the analysis of the success or failure of the implementation. The paper will also examine and document the differences between the students and institutions. It will then note differences in the administration of the course, changes made, and conduct of the course, to include number of instructors, sections, section size, group size and the demographic make-up of students in the course and list the effect of the differences discovered at this time. Finally, considering differences and similarities, the paper will analyze and capture the results and the effects of the two applications of the course redesign to come up with an answer to the research question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
4. Celebrating 20 Years of the ExCEEd Teaching Workshop.
- Author
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Estes, Allen C., Ressler, Stephen J., Saviz, Camilla M., Barry, Brock E., Considine, Carol L., Coward, Dion, Dennis Jr., Norman D., Hamilton, Scott R., Hurwitz, David S., Kunberger, Tanya, Lenox, Thomas A., Nilsson, Tonya Lynn, Nolen, Leslie, O'Brien Jr., James J., O'Neill, Robert James, Saftner, David A., Salyards, Kelly, and Welch, Ronald W.
- Subjects
CIVIL engineering education ,WORKSHOPS (Facilities) ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,TEACHER development - Abstract
In response to the clear need for faculty training, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) developed and funded Project ExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) which is celebrating its twentieth year of existence. For the past two decades, 38 ExCEEd Teaching Workshops (ETW) have been held at six different universities. The program has 910 graduates from over 267 different U.S. and international colleges and universities. The ExCEEd effort has transformed from one that relied on the grass roots support of its participants to one that is supported and embraced by department heads and deans. This paper summarizes the history of Project ExCEEd, describes the content of the ETW, assesses its effectiveness, highlights changes in the program as a result of the assessment, and outlines the future direction of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
5. Predator-Induced Demographic Shifts in Coral Reef Fish Assemblages.
- Author
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Ruttenberg, Benjamin I., Hamilton, Scott L., Walsh, Sheila M., Donovan, Mary K., Friedlander, Alan, DeMartini, Edward, Sala, Enric, and Sandin, Stuart A.
- Subjects
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PREDATORY animals , *CORAL reef fishes , *MARINE ecology , *SPECIES , *CORAL reefs & islands , *BIOGEOGRAPHY , *OCEANOGRAPHY - Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that human impacts have altered community structure in coastal and marine ecosystems worldwide. Of these, fishing is one of the most pervasive, and a growing body of work suggests that fishing can have strong effects on the ecology of target species, especially top predators. However, the effects of removing top predators on lower trophic groups of prey fishes are less clear, particularly in highly diverse and trophically complex coral reef ecosystems. We examined patterns of abundance, size structure, and age-based demography through surveys and collection-based studies of five fish species from a variety of trophic levels at Kiritimati and Palmyra, two nearby atolls in the Northern Line Islands. These islands have similar biogeography and oceanography, and yet Kiritimati has ,10,000 people with extensive local fishing while Palmyra is a US National Wildlife Refuge with no permanent human population, no fishing, and an intact predator fauna. Surveys indicated that top predators were relatively larger and more abundant at unfished Palmyra, while prey functional groups were relatively smaller but showed no clear trends in abundance as would be expected from classic trophic cascades. Through detailed analyses of focal species, we found that size and longevity of a top predator were lower at fished Kiritimati than at unfished Palmyra. Demographic patterns also shifted dramatically for 4 of 5 fish species in lower trophic groups, opposite in direction to the top predator, including decreases in average size and longevity at Palmyra relative to Kiritimati. Overall, these results suggest that fishing may alter community structure in complex and non-intuitive ways, and that indirect demographic effects should be considered more broadly in ecosystembased management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Spatial and temporal variation in the natal otolith chemistry of a Hawaiian reef fish: prospects for measuring population connectivity.
- Author
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Ruttenberg, Benjamin I., Hamilton, Scott L., and Warner, Robert R.
- Subjects
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MARINE ecology , *LARVAE , *OTOLITHS , *EAR , *MARINE fishes , *REEF fishes , *REEF animals , *LARVAL dispersal , *DEVELOPMENTAL biology - Abstract
One of the most compelling unanswered questions in marine ecology is the extent to which local populations are connected via larval exchange. Recent work has suggested that variation in the chemistry of otoliths (earstones) of fishes may function as a natural tag, potentially allowing investigators to determine sources of individual larvae and estimate larval connectivity. We analyzed the spatial and temporal variation in natal otolith chemistry of a benthic-spawning reef fish from the Hawaiian Islands. We found no consistent chemical variation at the largest scale (>100 km, among islands), but found significant variation at moderate scales (sites within islands, tens of kilometres) and small scales (clutches within sites), and chemistry of otoliths was not stable between years. These results imply that we may be able to use otolith chemistry to track larval dispersal only if the scales of dispersal match those of variation in natal otolith chemistry, and that separate natal otolith collections may be needed to track different cohorts of larvae. Finally, we found that elemental composition of recruit cores often did not match that of natal otoliths, suggesting that additional methodological development is required before we can effectively apply methods in otolith chemistry to the study of larval dispersal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. NASA's Mission Reliable.
- Author
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Regan, Patrick and Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
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COMPUTER software development , *SOFTWARE engineering , *RELIABILITY in engineering , *SPACE exploration - Abstract
Focuses on the approaches being used by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to create reliable software for its space exploration missions. Mission control and planning; Autonomous systems; Software quality initiative; Software reliability research; Design of next-generation systems; Dynamics of static analysis.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Intel Research Expands Moore's Law.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
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TECHNOLOGY , *COMPUTER architecture , *INTEGRATED circuits - Abstract
Reports on the development of technologies by the U.S.-based computer company, Intel Corp. to aid in proactive computing and research. Development of a research network model; Expertise in microachitecture and circuit design; Details about several research by the company. INSET: Corporate Technology Group..
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator for Treatment of Acute Stroke.
- Author
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Albers, Gregory W., Bates, Vernice E., Clark, Wayne M., Bell, Rodney, Verro, Piero, and Hamilton, Scott A.
- Subjects
BRAIN disease treatment ,CEREBROVASCULAR disease ,CLINICAL trials ,CORONARY disease ,PATIENTS - Abstract
Presents the results of a United States Food and Drug Administration-mandated study called 'Standard Treatment with Alteplase to Reverse Stroke' (STARS). Tissue-type plasminogen activator and its use in treating acute ischemic stroke; Context; Objective; Design and Setting; Intervention; Patients; Main outcome measures; Results; Conclusions.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. New Directions at NASA Ames Research Center.
- Author
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Cooke, Daniel and Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Focuses on the research of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center into artificial intelligence (AI) and high performance computing. Information on the Remote Agent AI software; Reasons for the investment in AI research; Characteristics of the artificial neural networks (ANN). INSETS: FutureFlight Central;NASA Center of Excellence for Information Technology.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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11. E-commerce for the 21st century.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
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ELECTRONIC commerce , *PROFESSIONAL associations - Abstract
Presents an overview of electronic commerce ventures in the United States. Vision of CommerceNet Consortium; Virtual stores for business-to-business relationships; Need for interoperability between applications.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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12. The Effect of Aggregate Response Assumptions on Environmental Impact Analyses.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott A., McCarl, Bruce A., and Adams, Richard M.
- Subjects
ECONOMETRICS ,PRICES ,AGRICULTURE & the environment ,MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Assesses the implications of alternative response assumptions on the estimates of changes in welfare, prices and production due to environmental alterations in the United States. Theoretical refinement of aggregate response assumptions; Implementation of flexibility constraints in crop modification; Mathematical evaluation on the consequences of assumptions.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
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13. Fifth fight.
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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F-35 (Military aircraft) , *DETECTORS ,UNITED States armed forces - Abstract
The author comments on the controversies in the use of the Joint Strike Fighter, also known as F-35, as the next generation fighter jet of the U.S. military force. According to Lockheed Martin vice president Steve O'Bryan, the air vehicle is a fifth generation fighter because it employs sensor fusion which has the ability to combine a wide variety of various sensors in a single view. The European defense consortium argues that it is just a strike aircraft used for tactical bombing.
- Published
- 2010
14. Greening up the Defense Department.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *INFORMATION technology , *ENVIRONMENTALISM - Abstract
The article discusses the U.S. Defense Department's extensive environmental protection and improvement programs. These involves recycling, pollution forestallment, cleanup and general recovery for the environment. It is implied that this is in compliance with the Department of Defense Green Procurement Strategy, a policy issued by the department in 2004, stating that green acquisitions must be prioritized, from office products to non-weapons acquirement, to information technology (IT) systems.
- Published
- 2009
15. The unknown.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER security , *COMPUTER crimes , *COMPUTER network security - Abstract
The article focuses on cybersecurity for the U.S. government and private sector network systems. The issue has been raised as a national priority by President Barack Obama in consideration of the attacks made on the U.S. defense and its contractor networks. Cybersecurity encompasses systems within the U.S. borders and the facilities and troops deployed overseas. According to the article, Internet Protocol (IP)-based systems with threat spectrum need to be developed to full operation alongside a recruitment and training program for its human resources.
- Published
- 2009
16. Tanker checkmate.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
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AIRTANKERS (Military science) , *AIRPLANE refueling , *DEFENSE industries - Abstract
The article discusses the possible victory of Boeing in the aerial refueler contest. It reports that the Northrop Grumman/European Aeronautic Defense and Space Co. partnership continues to advance its proposed KC-30 replacement for the aging Boeing KC-135 aerial tanker. However, there is an apparent setback that means the U.S. Air Force specifications will be almost tailor-made for rival Boeing. The author said the setback came when the Air Force indicated that specifications will be revised to focus on the tanker.
- Published
- 2007
17. TYING UP THE REGIONALS.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
COMMERCIAL aeronautics ,REGIONAL airlines ,DEBT ,CREDIT risk - Abstract
The article presents information on the U.S. regional airlines industry. There are more manufacturers vying for business in the U.S. regional airlines industry than ever before, and non-US makers are by far the most aggressive. The major players include Fokker, Saab, British Aerospace (BAe) PLC , Embraer--all non-American--and Beech. In the circumstances, the major carriers are concerned with the image and quality projected by their associated regional airlines. So the regionals are on an unprecedented re-equipment spree. New orders used to come in twos and fours--now 20s and 50s are the order of the day. As the regional airlines have changed, so the ways in which the manufacturers finance sales have had to change too. While the tie-ups with the majors can make the regionals better credit risks than they were in the free-for-all following deregulation, it has also given the regionals more muscle in negotiations with manufacturers on purchases. BAe has one of the most aggressive sales financing policies in the business. Earlier this year, it landed an order from NPA Inc., a new regional operation in the Pacific northwest, by deferring $1.2 million in debt payments over the first Jet-stream 31s.
- Published
- 1987
18. Tolerance.
- Author
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SWEENEY, PAUL, KENNEDY, JOHN F., VOLTAIRE, LAMA, DALAI, HOCK, DEE, ALI, AYAAN HIRSI, INGERSOLL, ROBERT GREEN, LANGE, JESSICA, DAVIS, RAY, MCKINNON, MARK, HAMILTON, SCOTT, SHEARER, LLOYD, ROWLING, J. K., WARREN, FRANK, MANN, THOMAS, and KELLER, TIMOTHY
- Subjects
WEDDING anniversaries ,TOLERATION ,HUMANITY ,TRUST ,FREEDOM of religion ,FORGIVENESS ,FRIENDSHIP ,LOYALTY - Published
- 2015
19. Here's a Thought: The Pentagon Wants 'Thinking' Drones.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
DRONE aircraft , *MILITARY intelligence , *MILITARY surveillance , *RECONNAISSANCE operations - Abstract
The article focuses on the plan of the U.S. Department of Defense to develop digital drone aircraft. It is said that the digitalization of surveillance recordings from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) reduces the number of analysts required to run a drone. General James Cartwright adds that digital UAVs can conduct intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance up to five days or more compared to pilots who can get tired in five or six hours. But the Teal Group doubts that cognitive UAVs or uninhabited combat air vehicles can perform in combat situations.
- Published
- 2011
20. Outsourcing U.S. Defense: National Security Implications.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *CONTRACTING out , *LABOR unions , *LEGISLATORS - Abstract
The article discusses the national security implications of outsourcing U.S. defense. According to the author, politicians and labor unions are demanding that the Defense Department buy U.S. technology despite the fact that reliance on foreign suppliers has significantly increased and will probably continue to do so in the near future. The author believes that the increasing influence of anti-government legislators could worsen the problem.
- Published
- 2011
21. Third time's the charm?
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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LETTING of contracts , *KC-135 (Tanker aircraft) , *PUBLIC spending - Abstract
The article discusses the new request for proposals for the third competition on the replacement for the Boeing KC-135 aircraft of the U.S. Air Force. At the second competition in 2008, Boeing and EADS North America dueled out for the best value while the third competition focused on the best priced proposal. The article also notes the Final Proposal Revision (FPR) which could ask for changes in specifications based on the evaluation notices (ENs) of the Air Force.
- Published
- 2010
22. Eyes on the prize.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
CONTRACTORS , *MILITARY helicopters , *HELICOPTERS , *MARKETING - Abstract
The article focuses on the aim of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) to become a major U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) contractor and establish a U.S. production site in Mobile, Alabama. EADS will be bidding on the KC-X after the Pentagon declaration according to DoD rules that EADS is a qualified defense contractor after they have supplied 103 utility helicopters according to time and budget. At present, EADS has around 1.6 billion U.S. dollars in direct sales to the DoD and is aiming to reach the 10-billion-U.S. dollar mark in 10 years.
- Published
- 2010
23. Diverse needs.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
DEFENSE contracts - Abstract
The article focuses on Boeing, the number two military contractor in the U.S., and its move to adapt to the shifting of defense priorities in fiscal year 2010 as ordered by Department of Defense Secretary Robert Gates. The firm's Integrated Defense Systems (IDS) division, under then IDS chief executive officer (CEO) James Albaugh, has pursued a path toward defense diversification, focusing on emerging business in non-Cold War era systems. Albaugh's successor, Dennis Muilenburg, continued the move, forming the Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS) unit.
- Published
- 2010
24. The crowded skies.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
REMOTELY piloted vehicles , *MILITARY airplanes , *MARITIME pilots , *TRAINING ,UNITED States armed forces - Abstract
The article discusses the increasing demand for unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV). It says that combat forces in the U.S. are using the vehicles for real-time situation awareness since the beginning of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and are being used by the U.S. Armed Forces and the Central Intelligence Agency , leading to the creation of a school dedicated to training UAV pilots by the U.S. Air Force. It predicts several companies who will lead in the manufacture of UAVs including Boeing, Israel Aircraft Industries and Lockheed Martin.
- Published
- 2009
25. Disappearing skills.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
AEROSPACE industries - Abstract
The article focuses on the legislation introduced by Washington Democrat Senator Patty Murray in favor of Boeing to make the KC-767 tankers in the U.S. instead of Northrop Grumman making the French KC-30 proposal for the Air Force. The rationale of Senator Murray is said to be on Americans building the tankers in the U.S. and preserving the U.S. aerospace industrial base. Also noted is the dependence of the automotive and computer chip industries as well as the Department of Defense on foreign companies and overseas suppliers.
- Published
- 2009
26. Hypocrisy and hyperbole.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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EMPLOYMENT , *PUBLIC contracts , *CONTRACTING out , *MILITARY airplanes ,UNITED States federal budget - Abstract
The article focuses on budget changes in government programs as not mainly a concern on national security but more about jobs and contracts. It notes that Republicans who were critical of the stimulus job programs of the U.S. government now looks at the change in the defense program as loss of jobs for their district. The outsourcing of overseas jobs on aircrafts are reportedly being reverted so that the $35 billion program can be awarded to an American company.
- Published
- 2009
27. Nukes rule.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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SUBMARINES (Ships) , *TORPEDO-boats , *NUCLEAR submarines - Abstract
The article discusses different types of submarines. It suggests that although diesel-electric submarines (SS) have improved they still lack durability and the ability to stay submerged for a long time. It is suggested that the U.S. Navy use more air-independent submarines than the more expensive nuclear submarines. The advantages of smaller-sized submarines in shallow waters and the use of long-ranged torpedoes are also explored.
- Published
- 2009
28. Boomer reborn.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
SUBMARINES (Ships) , *BALLISTIC missiles , *GUIDED missiles , *TRIDENT (Weapons systems) , *COLD War, 1945-1991 ,UNITED States Naval weapons systems - Abstract
The article reports on the conversion of four U.S. Navy ballistic-missile submarines (SSBN) into guided-missile submarines (SSGN) starting with the lead ship of the Trident submarine class, the Ohio. The demise of the Cold War is cited as the reason for the decision to convert to SSGN. Under the conversion program, each SSGN has 105 Tomahawk cruise missiles and 66 special operations forces (SOF) personnel.
- Published
- 2009
29. Giving away the store.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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CONTRACTING out , *AEROSPACE industries , *NATIONAL security , *MILITARY airplane maintenance & repair , *SPACE technology spinoffs - Abstract
The article focuses on the threat posed by outsourcing to U.S. aerospace industry and national security. Boeing's labor unions expressed concern on technology transfer with the decision of the Air Force to award its KC-X aerial tanker to Northrop Grumman. It criticizes Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier and Embraer for constructing facilities in China and Russia which have negative records on intellectual property and spying. It stresses that knowledge comes from insourcing, subcontracting and joint ventures.
- Published
- 2008
30. More to come?
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
- *
DEFENSE contracts , *PUBLIC contracts , *DEFENSE industries - Abstract
The article discusses the battle between Boeing and European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) for military aerial hardware contracts. It mentions Lockheed Martin P-3 Orion, distributed by EADS, which is used in 16 countries around the world. It further mentions that the U.S. Navy decided to award Boeing the task to deliver five P-8As by as much as 108 aircraft. It however adds that both Boeing and EADS believe there is a market for about 100 maritime patrol aircraft.
- Published
- 2008
31. The gift that keeps on giving.
- Author
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HAMILTON, SCOTT
- Subjects
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AIRTANKERS (Military science) , *POLITICIANS - Abstract
The article discusses the controversy surrounding the U.S. Air Force's purchase of the aerial tanker KC-X. It is believed that there will be a lot of politicalization between U.S. Congress and Europe's top politicians before the issue is settled. The controversy could result in a possible split of the contract between Boeing and Northrop Grumman/EADS although Pentagon is not keen on the idea. The involvement of Air Force official Darleen Druyun, the consequences to Boeing and the awarding of the contract to Northrop Grumman/EADS, are described.
- Published
- 2008
32. What would happen if United and US Airways were to disappear?
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
AIRLINE industry ,REGIONAL airlines - Abstract
Analyzes the possible cessation of services of United Airlines and US Airways. Proposals made by United Airlines regarding its financial condition; Financial projections of US Airways; Possible effect of the shutdown of United or US Airways on regional airlines.
- Published
- 2003
33. 737 Classic withdrawals hit values.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
TRANSPORTATION industry ,BOEING 737 (Jet transport) ,BUSINESS losses ,COST effectiveness ,MAINTENANCE - Abstract
The article reports on the announcement of the United Airlines and Continental Airlines regarding the withdrawal of more than 150 Boeing 737 Classics before the end of 2009. Flight's Commercial Aviation Online believes that the United aircraft will face additional problems on the airline's bespoke maintenance program and expects that the 737 Classic values will suffer. A rate of an average of 3.5 a month on top of the 94 being withdrawn by United represents the phase out of 65 aircrafts.
- Published
- 2008
34. Still playing politics.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
- *
DEFENSE contracts , *ECONOMIC competition - Abstract
The author focuses on the political gamesmanship involved in the KC-45A tanker contract of the U.S. Air Force. He notes that the politics surrounding the contract has intensified with the awarding of the contract to Northrop Grumman. He explores the competition between Grumman and Boeing for the contract which concerns the KC-30 tanker of the former and the KC-767AT of the latter. He states that a rejection of the protest from Boeing by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) may shift the competition in the Congress.
- Published
- 2008
35. Poor figures dash recovery hopes.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
AIRLINE industry ,CORPORATE profits - Abstract
Highlights the financial results of major U.S. airlines for the third quarter of 2002. Factors that influence the performance of the market; Profits posted by Alaska Airlines and Southwest Airlines; Problems of airlines on cost control.
- Published
- 2002
36. United seeks more time to win loan approval.
- Author
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Hamilton, Scott and Field, David
- Subjects
LOANS - Abstract
Reports on the request of United Airlines to the U.S. Air Transportation Stabilization Board (ATSB) for more time to win staff concessions in order to secure approval for a loan guarantee from the board. Deadline set by the airline to reach labor deals or file for bankruptcy reorganization; Factor needed by United to win ATSB approval for the loan guarantee; Value of unencumbered aircraft of United that may be offered as collateral to the ATSB in exchange for a loan guarantee.
- Published
- 2002
37. The Function of Ice-gliders and Their Distribution in Time and Space Across the Northern Plains and Parklands.
- Author
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Nicholson, B.A., Meyer, David, Nicholson, Sylvia, and Hamilton, Scott
- Subjects
- *
ANTIQUITIES , *SPACETIME - Abstract
Based upon early ethnographic accounts, the ice-glider was a recreational artifact, with limited distribution in time and space, first appearing in the early historic period and confined to the Missouri River drainage. Recent research has shown a more broad distribution across both time and space, extending its use into the precontact period and extending its distribution northward into the Northern Plains and the adjacent Parklands of Canada. Its earliest dated occurrence is in the parklands of southern Manitoba and the southern plains of Saskatchewan circa 1440 A.D. Ice-gliders provide a glimpse of non-subsistence activities of First Nations people prior to the advent of Europeans in the region. They also provide a useful indicator of site seasonality. Elaborate decoration on some specimens suggests to the authors that the ice-glider may have had non-secular applications as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Modified Rankin Scale disability status at day 4 poststroke is an informative predictor of long-term day 90 outcome.
- Author
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Taleb S, Ji-Hyun Lee J, Asanad S, Starkman S, Hamilton S, Gornbein J, Conwit RA, Sanossian N, and Saver JL
- Subjects
- Humans, Time Factors, Female, Male, Aged, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Ischemic Stroke diagnosis, Ischemic Stroke therapy, Ischemic Stroke physiopathology, Ischemic Stroke mortality, Magnesium, United States, Hemorrhagic Stroke diagnosis, Hemorrhagic Stroke therapy, Hemorrhagic Stroke mortality, Hemorrhagic Stroke physiopathology, Hemorrhagic Stroke etiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Disability Evaluation, Predictive Value of Tests, Recovery of Function, Functional Status
- Abstract
Background: Long-term disability after stroke is standardly assessed 3 months post-onset, using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The value of an early, day 4 mRS assessment for projecting the 3-month disability outcome has not been formally investigated., Methods: In this cohort of patients with acute cerebral ischemia and intracranial hemorrhage, we analyzed day 4 and day 90 mRS assessments in the NIH Field Administration of Stroke Therapy- Magnesium (FAST-MAG) Phase 3 trial. The performance of day 4 mRS, alone and as part of multivariate models, in predicting day 90 mRS was assessed using correlation coefficients, percent agreement, and the kappa statistics., Results: Among the 1573 acute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) patients, 1206 (76.7%) had acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), while 367 (23.3%) had intracranial hemorrhage. Among all 1573 ACVD patients, day 4 mRS and day 90 mRS correlated strongly, Spearman's rho=0.79, in unadjusted analysis with weighted kappa of 0.59. For dichotomized outcomes, simple carry-forward of the day 4 mRS performed fairly well in agreeing with day 90 mRS: mRS 0-1 (kappa=0.67), 85.4%; mRS 0-2 (k=0.59), 79.5%; fatal outcome, 88% (k=0.33). Correlations of 4d and 90d mRS were stronger for ACI than ICH patients, 0.76 vs 0.71., Conclusions: In this acute cerebrovascular disease patient cohort, assessment of global disability performed on day 4 is highly informative regarding long-term, 3-month mRS disability outcome, alone, and even more strongly in combination with baseline prognostic variables. The day 4 mRS is a useful measure for imputing the final patient disability outcome in clinical trials and quality improvement programs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest JLS, ST, JL, SS, SH, RC, NS, SA, JG have no competing interests as defined by Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Association Between Hyperacute Blood Pressure Variability and Hematoma Expansion After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Secondary Analysis of the FAST-MAG Database.
- Author
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Oh DM, Shkirkova K, Poblete RA, Chung PW, Saver JL, Starkman S, Liebeskind DS, Hamilton S, Wilson M, and Sanossian N
- Subjects
- United States, Humans, Blood Pressure physiology, Antihypertensive Agents, Hematoma complications, Magnesium pharmacology, Cerebral Hemorrhage complications
- Abstract
Background: Blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a significant factor associated with clinical outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although hematoma expansion (HE) is associated with clinical outcomes, the relationship between BPV that encompasses prehospital data and HE is unknown. We hypothesized that BPV was positively associated with HE., Methods: We analyzed 268 patients with primary ICH enrolled in the National Institutes of Health-funded Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) study who received head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging on arrival to the emergency department (ED) and repeat imaging within 6-48 h. BPV was calculated by standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) from prehospital data as well as systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements taken on ED arrival, 15 min post antihypertensive infusion start, 1 h post maintenance infusion start, and 4 h after ED arrival. HE was defined by hematoma volume expansion increase > 6 mL or by 33%. Univariate logistic regression was used for presence of HE in quintiles of SD and CV of SBP for demographics and clinical characteristics., Results: Of the 268 patients analyzed from the FAST-MAG study, 116 (43%) had HE. Proportions of patients with HE were not statistically significant in the higher quintiles of the SD and CV of SBP for either the hyperacute or the acute period. Presence of HE was significantly more common in patients on anticoagulation., Conclusions: Higher BPV was not found to be associated with occurrence of HE in the hyperacute or the acute period of spontaneous ICH. Further study is needed to determine the relationship., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and Neurocritical Care Society.)
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- 2023
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40. Magnesium Sulfate and Hematoma Expansion: An Ancillary Analysis of the FAST-MAG Randomized Trial.
- Author
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Naidech AM, Shkirkova K, Villablanca JP, Sanossian N, Liebeskind DS, Sharma L, Eckstein M, Stratton S, Conwit R, Hamilton S, and Saver JL
- Subjects
- Cerebral Hemorrhage diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Hemorrhage drug therapy, Female, Hematoma drug therapy, Humans, Magnesium therapeutic use, Male, Retrospective Studies, United States, Magnesium Sulfate therapeutic use, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Stroke drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke. In observational studies, lower serum magnesium has been linked to more hematoma expansion (HE) and intracranial hemorrhage, implying that supplemental magnesium sulfate is a potential acute treatment for patients with ICH and could reduce HE. FAST-MAG (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy - Magnesium) was a clinical trial of magnesium sulfate started prehospital in patients with acute stroke within 2 hours of last known well enrolled. CT was not required prior to enrollment, and several hundred patients with acute ICH were enrolled. In this ancillary analysis, we assessed the effect of magnesium sulfate treatment upon HE in patients with acute ICH., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data that were prospectively collected in the FAST-MAG study. Patients received intravenous magnesium sulfate or matched placebo within 2 hours of onset. We compared HE among patients allocated to intravenous magnesium sulfate or placebo with a Mann-Whitney U . We used the same method to compare neurological deficit severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and global disability (modified Rankin Scale) at 3 months., Results: Among 268 patients with ICH meeting study entry criteria, mean 65.4±13/4 years, 33% were female, and 211 (79%) had a history of hypertension. Initial deficit severities were median (interquartile range) of 4 (3-5) on the Los Angeles Motor Scale in the field and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 16 (9.5-25.5) early after hospital arrival. Follow-up brain imaging was performed a median of 17.1 (11.3-22.7) hours after first scan. The magnesium and placebo groups did not statistically differ in hematoma volume on arrival, 10.1 (5.6-28.7) versus 12.4 (5.6-28.7) mL ( P =0.6), or HE, 2.0 (0.1-7.4) versus 1.5 (-0.2 to 8) mL ( P =0.5). There was no difference in functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score of 3-6), 59% versus 50% ( P =0.5)., Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate did not reduce HE or improve functional outcomes at 90 days. A benefit for patients with initial hypomagnesemia was not addressed., Registration: URL: https://www., Clinicaltrials: gov; Unique identifier: NCT00059332.
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- 2022
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41. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Correlates Well with Initial Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume.
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Farooq S, Shkirkova K, Villablanca P, Sanossian N, Liebeskind DS, Starkman S, Avila G, Sharma L, Kim-Tenser M, Gasparian S, Eckstein M, Conwit R, Hamilton S, and Saver JL
- Subjects
- Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage diagnostic imaging, Female, Hematoma, Humans, Male, Medicare, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), United States, Ischemic Stroke, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Stroke therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: The US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) currently publicly reports hospital-quality, risk-adjusted mortality measure for ischemic stroke but not intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The NIHSS, which is captured in CMS administrative claims data, is a candidate metric for use in ICH risk adjustment and has been shown to predict clinical outcome with accuracy similar to the ICH Score. Correlation between early NIHSS and initial ICH volume would further support use of the NIHSS for ICH risk adjustment., Materials and Methods: Among 372 ICH patients enrolled in a large multicenter trial (FAST-MAG), the relation between early NIHSS and early ICH volume was assessed with correlation and linear trend analysis., Results: Overall, there was strong correlation between NIHSS and ICH volume, r = 0.77 (p < 0.001), and for every 10cc increase in ICH the NIHSS increased by 4.5 points. Correlation coefficients were comparable in all subgroups, but magnitude of NIHSS increase with ICH unit volume increase was greater with left than right hemispheric ICH, with presence rather than absence of IVH, with imaging done within the first hour than second hour after last known well, with men than women, and with younger than older patients., Conclusion: Early NIHSS neurologic deficit severity values correlate strongly with initial ICH hematoma volume. As with ischemic stroke, lesion volume increases produce greater NIHSS change in the left than right hemisphere, reflecting greater NIHSS sensitivity to left hemisphere function. These findings provide further support for the use of NIHSS in risk-adjusted mortality measures for intracerebral hemorrhage., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None, (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2022
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42. The weaker sex: Male lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) with blue color polymorphism are more burdened by parasites than are other sex-color combinations.
- Author
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Wood CL, Leslie KL, Greene A, Lam LS, Basnett B, Hamilton SL, and Samhouri JF
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Geography, Linear Models, Male, United States, Parasites physiology, Perciformes genetics, Perciformes parasitology, Pigmentation genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic
- Abstract
The unusual blue color polymorphism of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus) is the subject of much speculation but little empirical research; ~20% of lingcod individuals exhibit this striking blue color morph, which is discrete from and found within the same populations as the more common brown morph. In other species, color polymorphisms are intimately linked with host-parasite interactions, which led us to ask whether blue coloration in lingcod might be associated with parasitism, either as cause or effect. To test how color and parasitism are related in this host species, we performed parasitological dissection of 89 lingcod individuals collected across more than 26 degrees of latitude from Alaska, Washington, and California, USA. We found that male lingcod carried 1.89 times more parasites if they were blue than if they were brown, whereas there was no difference in parasite burden between blue and brown female lingcod. Blue individuals of both sexes had lower hepatosomatic index (i.e., relative liver weight) values than did brown individuals, indicating that blueness is associated with poor body condition. The immune systems of male vertebrates are typically less effective than those of females, due to the immunocompromising properties of male sex hormones; this might explain why blueness is associated with elevated parasite burdens in males but not in females. What remains to be determined is whether parasites induce physiological damage that produces blueness or if both blue coloration and parasite burden are driven by some unmeasured variable, such as starvation. Although our study cannot discriminate between these possibilities, our data suggest that the immune system could be involved in the blue color polymorphism-an exciting jumping-off point for future research to definitively identify the cause of lingcod blueness and a hint that immunocompetence and parasitism may play a role in lingcod population dynamics., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2021
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43. Stroke Imaging Utilization according to Age and Severity during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Kansagra AP, Goyal MS, Hamilton S, and Albers GW
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- Brain diagnostic imaging, Humans, Pandemics, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index, United States, COVID-19 prevention & control, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed statistics & numerical data
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- 2021
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44. Collateral Effect of Covid-19 on Stroke Evaluation in the United States.
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Kansagra AP, Goyal MS, Hamilton S, and Albers GW
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- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Databases, Factual, Humans, Neuroimaging trends, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, United States, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Neuroimaging statistics & numerical data, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Stroke epidemiology
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- 2020
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45. DEFUSE 3 Non-DAWN Patients.
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Leslie-Mazwi TM, Hamilton S, Mlynash M, Patel AB, Schwamm LH, Lansberg MG, Marks M, Hirsch JA, and Albers GW
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia diagnostic imaging, Brain Ischemia surgery, Cerebral Infarction diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Infarction surgery, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Safety, Patient Selection, Stroke complications, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Thrombectomy adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Triage, United States epidemiology, Stroke surgery, Thrombectomy statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background and Purpose- DAWN (Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo) and DEFUSE 3 (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) established thrombectomy for patients with emergent large vessel occlusions presenting 6 to 24 hours after symptom onset. Given the greater inclusivity of DEFUSE 3, we evaluated the effect of thrombectomy in DEFUSE 3 patients who would have been excluded from DAWN. Methods- Eligibility criteria of the DAWN trial were applied to DEFUSE 3 patient data to identify DEFUSE 3 patients not meeting DAWN criteria (DEFUSE 3 non-DAWN). Reasons for DAWN exclusion in DEFUSE 3 were infarct core too large, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 6 to 9, and modified Rankin Scale score of 2. Subgroups were compared with the DEFUSE 3 non-DAWN and entire DEFUSE 3 cohorts. Results- There were 71 DEFUSE 3 non-DAWN patients; 31 patients with NIHSS 6 to 9, 33 with core too large, and 13 with premorbid modified Rankin Scale score of 2 (some patients met multiple criteria). For core-too-large patients, median 24-hour infarct volume was 119 mL (interquartile range, 74.6-180) versus 31.5 mL (interquartile range, 17.6-64.3) for core-not-too-large patients ( P<0.001). Complications and functional outcomes were similar between the groups. Thrombectomy in core-too-large patients compared with the remaining DEFUSE 3 non-DAWN patients conveyed benefit for functional outcome (odds ratio, 20.9; CI, 1.3-337.8). Comparing the NIHSS 6 to 9 group with the NIHSS ≥10 patients, modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 outcomes were achieved in 74% versus 22% ( P<0.001), with mortality in 6% versus 23% ( P=0.024), respectively. For patients with NIHSS 6 to 9 compared with the remaining DEFUSE 3 non-DAWN patients, thrombectomy trended toward a better chance of functional outcome (odds ratio, 1.86; CI, 0.36-9.529). Conclusions- Patients with pretreatment core infarct volumes <70 mL but too large for inclusion by DAWN criteria demonstrate benefit from endovascular therapy. More permissive pretreatment core thresholds in core-clinical mismatch selection paradigms may be appropriate. In contrast to data supporting a beneficial treatment effect across the full range of NIHSS scores in the entire DEFUSE 3 population, only a trend toward benefit of thrombectomy in patients with NIHSS 6 to 9 was found in this small subgroup.
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- 2019
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46. Beyond subgroup analysis: improving the clinical interpretation of treatment effects in stroke research.
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Lu M, Lyden PD, Brott TG, Hamilton S, Broderick JP, and Grotta JC
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- Data Interpretation, Statistical, Epidemiologic Methods, Fibrinolytic Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Prognosis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic statistics & numerical data, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stroke epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, United States, Algorithms, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted methods, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic methods, Risk Assessment methods, Stroke diagnosis, Stroke drug therapy, Tissue Plasminogen Activator therapeutic use
- Abstract
In large clinical trials designed to determine efficacy of an experimental treatment, patients are enrolled with presence or absence of various risk factors, such as diabetes or history of atrial fibrillation. A treatment-by-risk factor interaction indicates that the treatment effect may depend on the risk factor presence or absence. It is important to identify such interaction, since a treatment may fail or cause adverse events in the presence of the risk. Although statistical methods exist to identify such interaction, they are underutilized in clinical stroke research. This paper reviews the notion of treatment-by-risk factor interaction and identifies two types of interaction, quantitative and qualitative, using a graphical technique and statistical testing. We illustrate how to avoid drawing the erroneous conclusions regarding the treatment effect on subgroups when failing to detect an interaction, and provide rigorous tools to estimate the treatment effect on subgroups when an interaction is observed. Applications are presented using the data collected from the NINDS t-PA stroke studies. In stroke clinical trials, a treatment-by-risk factor interaction must be considered if the data permit. The graphical approach provides a heuristic illustration of interactions. Qualitative interactions are more important than quantitative interactions on therapeutic conclusion. Results of NINDS t-PA stroke studies confirmed our previous conclusions on the treatment t-PA benefit within 3-h therapeutic window. No subgroup of patients would lead a physician to withhold the t-PA treatment.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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