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Disease killed two-thirds of the soldiers who died during the Civil War. And of the various maladies that plagued both armies, few were more pervasive than malaria—a mosquito-borne illness which afflicted over 1.1 million soldiers serving in the Union ranks. Yellow fever, another disease transmitted by mosquitoes, struck fear into the hearts of military planners who knew that "yellow jack" could wipe out an entire army in a matter of weeks. Bell examines the physiological and psychological effects of these two diseases and their impact on military operations and strategy in 1862, the first full year of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the role of drummer boys during the U.S. Civil War. They mention the number of boys who enlisted in the Union army as drummers, the state of medical care to soldiers during the war, and the role of drummer boys as medical assistants carrying stretchers, bringing equipment and supplies, and on occasion assisting in surgery.

Focuses on medical services offered by the Union Army in 1861, highlighting the nursing care offered by Helen L. Gilson a twenty-five-year-old citizen of Chelsea, Massachusetts. Background information on Gilson; Information on Gilson's association with Frank Ball Fay, an overseer of the poor; Information on Gilson's marriage to E. Hamilton Osgood.

Profiles Rebeccas Usher, a nurse during the Civil War. Family background; Description of the regular activities of nurses; Relationship of Usher with soldiers under her care; Issue of what the war, and the work of Civil War nursing meant to women such as Usher.

The article focuses on several U.S. Civil War medical personnel including surgeon Ashbel Woodward, acting assistant surgeon Augustus Purdy Williams, and chief surgeon Whiteside Godfrey Hunter. Woodward was enlisted as surgeon in 1862 and was commissioned into the field and staff of the 26th Connecticut Infantry. Williams served on the USS Monticello and charged the Saint Aloysius Hospital for the Union Army. Hunter was enlisted as a private in 1861 in the 45th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry.

The article discusses the vindication of U.S. Army surgeons during the Civil War in 1861 to 1865. Topics discussed include the transition from civil to military medicine practice, motives of humanity and patriotism among surgeons, and frequent deeds of self-sacrifice and heroism among Army surgeons.

The authors discuss the lasting effect of medical innovation, surgical techniques and tools improvement during the American Civil War era of the 1860s. The authors agree that the appointment of William Hammond as Army surgeon general in 1862 paved the way for higher standards in the medical profession beyond the end of the war. Also discussed are works of Hammond in emphasizing public health hygiene, the Army Medical Museum and removal of tartar emetic and calomel from prescribed medicines.

Several photographs depicting the U.S. Civil War and events of the organization the Society of Civil War Surgeons are presented.

A reprint of the article "The Organization of the Surgical Personnel of an Army Division (Twelve Thousand Men), and Its Duties in Time of War" by physician Paul Richard Brown is presented that compares the organization of surgeons in the U.S. Army during the U.S. Civil War and the 1890s. It discusses the U.S. Army regulations of 1895, casualties during the Civil War, and the functions of surgical personnel in the U.S. Army.

The article presents information concerning records held by the U.S. agency the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) that may contain information concerning the medical records of U.S. Civil War soldiers. It discusses the records of the U.S. agency the Department of Veterans Affairs, disapproved pension applications of U.S. Army and U.S. Navy veterans of the Civil War, and carded medical records of several wars including the Civil War.

The impact of the American Civil War on medical modernisation is increasingly being recognised, yet the ways in which the Civil War challenged and changed doctors' understanding of their professional role during the war remains underappreciated. By juxtaposing Union doctors' personal and professional responses to the Civil War with the wider public reaction to Union medical care, this paper explores the tensions that arose between the public and the professional perceptions of medicine as these developed on the battlefields of the nation's internecine conflict. It argues that the intersection between the positive and negative narratives of Union medical provision, specifically surgery, established an important discursive space within which Union doctors could negotiate their public and professional status. It finds that the negative narrative, far from a hindrance, was instrumental to the process of medical modernisation by enabling Union physicians to define, defend and develop a more modern medical role. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents the author's personal edited research notes on U.S. Civil War "contract" surgeons and the confusion that surrounds the various types of surgeons who provided services during the country's Civil War. Surgical sets are mentioned, along with many local civilian physicians who served as surgeons during the war and were paid on a daily basis. It states that "contract" surgeons purchased and used their own surgical sets in the field. Medical hospitals are also mentioned.

The article offers brief profiles of medical personnel who served in the U.S. Civil War such as William David McWhorter, Samuel Wylie Crawford, and John Frazier Head. Topics discussed include details of medical training and enlistment, command of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, and postwar private medical practice.

The article offers brief profiles of medical personnel who participated in the U.S. Civil War such as John Malone, James Theodore Calhoun, and John Thomas Read. Topics discussed include the transcript of a court-martial, medical procedures such as amputations, and details of enlistment and life after military service.

The article presents biographies of medical personnel who served in the U.S. Civil War, including Hospital Steward Thomas Harman Barton of the 4th West Virginia Infantry, Assistant Surgeon Francis W. Bird of the 51st New York Volunteer Infantry (NYVI), and Colonel Nelson Reuben Derby of the U.S. Volunteers (USV). Details on their careers, marriages, and families are presented.

The article provides biographical information on several military medical personnel during the U.S. Civil War including surgeons Charles H. Bacon, Francis J. D'Avignon, and Major George Walker. Other topics include Bacon's role as a Captain in the 100th Illinois Infantry, D'avignon's capture by Confederates as a prisoner of war, and Walker's role as a Confederate surgeon working with an artillery battery.

The article presents the second part of a reprint of the article "The Confederate Medical Officer in the Field," by H. H. Cunningham, which originally appeared in the periodical the "Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine" in the July 1958 issue. It examines Confederate medical care during the U.S. Civil War, commenting on problems of coordination, medical treatment of Union captives, and the exchange of surgeons taken captive in battle.

The article presents the second part of a reprint of the article "Medicine in the Confederacy," by Mary Louise Marshall, originally published in the "Bulletin of the Medical Library Association" in July of 1942 and first presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Medical Library Association in New Orleans, Louisiana from May 7-9, 1942. It examines medical supplies and equipment in the Confederate States Army during the U.S. Civil War. Confederate surgeons examined include Samuel Preston Moore.

The article presents a reprint of the article "Field and Temporary Hospitals," by Deering J. Roberts, which originally appeared in the journal "The Photographic History of the Civil War," Volume IV, in 1911. It focuses on Confederate field hospitals and the author's experiences as a surgeon in the Confederate States Army during the U.S. Civil War. Topics include his experiences providing medical care in Franklin, Tennessee, wounds from rifled muskets, and the Dalton-Atlanta campaign of 1864.

The biographies of several American Civil War surgeons are presented. Assistant surgeon for the U.S. Navy Newton Henry Adams was born in Clarence, New York in 1836. William McNeill Whistler, assistant surgeon in the 1st SC (Orr's) Rifles, was born in Lowell, Massachusetts July 22, 1836 and attended Columbia College, New York. Assistant surgeon, C.S.N. Samuel Davies Drewrys was born on September 12, 1831 in Chesterfield, Virginia and attended the Medical College of Virginia.

The article discusses the lives and careers of various military surgeons active during the U.S. Civil War. Surgeons discussed include General William Harrison Kemper, Englishman Robley Dunglison, and Joseph Whitney Cushing. Kemper enlisted in the 7th Indiana Volunteers as a private and ultimately worked as a hospital steward and surgeon. Dunglison wrote an informative and widely read medical dictionary while employed at the Jefferson Medical College. Cushing served as a military surgeon at the general hospital in Portsmouth Grove, Rhode Island.

The article discusses 19th-century surgeons' acceptance of gangrene, pus, and general puralent suppuration, or wound infection, on patients following amputation. The author explains that infection was erroneously seen as an important part of wound healing during this time. While pus is generally treated with antiseptics, gangrene usually requires debridement. Emphasis is given to the development of gas gangrene, which is characterized by the presence of gas under the skin, caused by Clostridium bacteria. Surgeon Middleton Goldsmith's use of bromine to combat gas gangrene during the U.S. Civil War is explained as well.

The article presents a speech by former U.S. military surgeon G.W.H. Kemper delivered at the September 26, 1918 meeting of the Indiana State Medical Association. The speech examines the work of surgeons assigned to Indiana volunteer regiments during the U.S. Civil War. Topics discussed include amputation, a lack of trained nurses in military hospitals, and anesthetics.

The article presents personal profiles of various military surgeons who served with the U.S. and Confederate Armies and Navies during the U.S. Civil War, including Dr. John E. Pendleton, surgeon Daniel B. Conrad, and Elias C. Depuy. The surgeons' enlistments and various military promotions are detailed, as are their different medical educations. Primary focus is given to the genealogy and life of Pendleton, including his work with the Confederate Army's 5th and 9th Kentucky Regiments and his post-war private practice.

The article explains the use of lint, or charpie, when dressing wounds during the 19th century. The author explains how lint was collected by tearing apart pieces of linen. Lint was used in compressive dressings to control bleeding and as a sponge during this time period. Specific emphasis is given to women's use of lint when attending to the wounds of U.S. and Confederate soldiers during the U.S. Civil War. The lint supplies of the Army of the Confederate States of America are described, with the author noting that much of this lint was produced in the home.

The article explains the importance of developments in military medicine and surgery to the concurrent development of civilian medical care throughout history. The author begins by discussing military medical care in Antiquity, with emphasis given to the Roman Army's use of private surgeons. He then goes on to discuss various medieval and Renaissance-era armies' use of barber-surgeons. The use of field hospitals is examined, as are the effects of firearm improvements on military surgery during the U.S. Civil War. The author also provides profiles of various historic surgeons and doctors, including Nikolas Ivanovich Pirogoff, Friedrich van Esmarch, and U.S. Surgeon General of the Army George M. Sternberg.

The article presents a reprint of the 1902 article "Reminiscences of the Medical Department Confederate States Army - Field and Hospital Service, Army of Northern Virginia" by E.D. Newton, which appeared in volume 25, no. 1 of "The Southern Practitioner". It describes the history of the Medical Department of the Army of the Confederate States of America during the U.S. Civil War and profiles its members, including Francis Sorrel, Hunter McGuire, and J.B. Fontaine.

The article presents a reprint of the article "Reminiscences of an Army Surgeon" by George E. Ranney, which appeared in the 1898 publication "War Papers Read Before the Michigan Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States". The author discusses his experiences as a surgeon during the U.S. Civil War, including his encounters with soldiers from the Confederate States of America, his capture by the Confederate Army, and his work tending to the sick and wounded.

The article presents a reprint of the article "Shooting Soldiers: Civil War Medical Images, Memory, and Identity in America" by J.T.H. Connor and Michael G. Rhode, which appeared in the Winter 2003 issue of "Invisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for Visual Culture". It describes the varied social, artistic, historical, and commercial uses of medical images from the U.S. Civil War. Topics discussed include medical specimens, physician Reed Bontecou, and visual culture.

The article presents a reprint of the article "Techniques of Confederate Surgeons in the Civil War" by Robert M. Campbell, which appeared in the July 1968 issue of "AORN Journal". It discusses medical techniques used by surgeons attached to the Confederate Army during the U.S. Civil War. It is suggested that these surgeons were severely limited by the medical knowledge of their time. Topics discussed include medical instruments, anesthesia, sutures, amputations, and hemorrhage.

The article presents a reprint of the article "Incidents of Field Hospital Life With the Army of the Potomac" by Jacob Ebersole, which appeared in the 1896 publication "Sketches of War History 1861-1865: Papers Read Before the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States". The author discusses his experiences as a surgeon in the so-called Iron Brigade during the U.S. Civil War. Particular focus is given to letters received by the author and to amputations.

Reprints of several historic documents pertaining to medical care and surgery during the U.S. Civil War are provided, including "Gun-Shot Wound of the Thigh," by Surgeon James Bolton, "Letter to the Editor from Surgeon A.Y.P. Garnett, on the use of Nelaton's Probe," which appeared in the February 1864 issue of "Confederate States Medical and Surgical Journal," and rules and regulations for various military hospitals in Richmond, Virginia.

The article presents sketches and photographs related to the U.S. Civil War depicting re-enactments, soldiers drinking quinine, and surgery.

The article presents a letter from inventor Israel Moses to the U.S. Patent Office detailing aspects of his design for an ambulance wagon during the U.S. Civil War.

A reprint is presented of the article "Hospital and Camp Incidents. The Sanitary Commission Among the Soldiers" that was published in the February 13, 1864 issue of the journal "Harper's Weekly." It discusses topics related to the U.S. Sanitary Commission during the Civil War such as the relief and care of discharged soldiers, daily prayer-meetings, and a lack of medical supplies following the Battle of Hanover Court House.

A reprint is presented of the article "Hospital and Camp Incidents. The Sanitary Commission Among the Soldiers" that was published in the February 6, 1864 issue of the journal "Harper's Weekly." It discusses topics related to the U.S. Sanitary Commission during the Civil War such as reception of the wounded, the Battle of Chickamauga, and a Hospital Directory for information on the inmates of army hospitals.

A reprint is presented of the article "Hospital and Camp Incidents. The Sanitary Commission Among the Soldiers" that was published in the January 30, 1864 issue of the journal "Harper's Weekly." It discusses topics related to the U.S. Sanitary Commission during the Civil War such as reception of the wounded, the gratitude of Union soldiers for their care, and mothers and wives searching for their sons and husbands.

Roman Catholic Irish nuns formed a large part of the American Civil War nursing experience in both the North and the South. In fact, when Confederate President Robert E. Lee beseeched the assistance of Irish-born Patrick Lynch, then Bishop of Charleston, South Carolina, to provide nurses for his hospitals, Roman Catholic sisters from a local convent were pressed into service. Sister M. De Sales (Brennan), born in County Kilkenny, Ireland, became instrumental in establishing two hospitals in the Virginias. During the war years she penned over 1000 pages of letters to him. Initially, the paper provides an overview of the cultural milieu and medical knowledge that existed prior to the onset of the conflict. Attending to soldiers whose wounds changed both the nature of medicine and the approach to it, women willing to move beyond the confines of predominantly private and family-oriented care assisted on battlefields and in field hospitals of various kinds. In these settings, widows, adventure seekers, good-hearted women and Irish Catholic nuns alike offered many kinds of on-the-job training. Their duties ranged from the more traditional tasks of setting up kitchens, organising laundries and writing letters, to the more daunting services of 'cupping', administering anaesthetics such as whiskey and chloroform, and surgically removing limbs. By virtue of the sheer magnitude of the suffering, the experiences endured by these women altered their confidence in their abilities to minister, changed their perspectives on public life, and ultimately redefined their futures in organisation and administration. De Sales' letters serve as a case study by which to examine how, as a result of the American Civil War, the Roman Catholic Church gained ground and its Irish nuns acquired a stronger foothold in American nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of the article "The Ghastly Work of the Field Surgeons," which appeared on the web site The American Civil War, located at www.civilwarhome.com. Particular focus is given on the work of field surgeons during the U.S. Civil War in 1861-1865 including Samuel Nichols, Carl Schurz and Augustus Brown.

The article features Connecticut physicians Melancthon Storrs, Nathan Mayer, Frederick Dudley and George Loring Porter and their medical experiences during the Civil War in the U.S. Information about the date of their birth and death as well as educational background are provided. The common use of anesthetics and surgery during the Civil War are discussed. Dudley gained an increasing appreciation and respect for women who nursed his wounded and ill charges based on letters by Quaker woman Cornelia Hancock.

The article discusses the use of anesthesia during the Civil War in the U.S. Anesthesia was discovered by dentist Horace Wells in Hartford, Connecticut on December 11, 1844. His student William T.G. Morton at Harvard arranged his demonstration of nitrous oxide on January 20, 1845. The discovery of chloroform, which can be used as an anesthetic, by Samuel Guthrie in Sackets Harbor, New York in 1831 and the complications and deaths associated with anesthetics during the Civil War are tackled.

The article presents profiles of several medical personnel members who served during the U.S. Civil War, including information on Dr. DeWitt Clinton Peters, assistant surgeon Dr. Alfred Nash, and Dr. William Fontaine Carrington. It states that in 1863, Dr. Peters described a set of psychological and somatic symptoms that approximates the conceptualization of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 21st century. Nash practiced medicine in Joliet, Illinois until his death in 1917.

Examines the effects of age, occupation, population size of place of residence, nativity and household wealth on the disease and mortality experiences of Union army recruits while in service. Opposing pattern of the mortality differentials among army recruits from the normal pattern found among the civilian populations; Determinants of the wartime mortality differentials.