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Este artigo busca fomentar o debate acerca do desempenho de estudantes no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), considerando que o resultado deste exame se configura como uma ferramenta que pode contribuir com o processo de democratização do acesso à educação superior, no contexto das políticas educacionais implementadas na última década. Buscamos responder a duas perguntas: “Para qual tipo de Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) os alunos têm motivação em ingressar?” e “De qual tipo de escola da educação básica os alunos são egressos?”. O estudo tem o objetivo de elaborar uma estrutura hipotética acerca de uma possível inversão do percurso escolar. Para isso, utilizou-se da pesquisa quantitativa, com a qual se buscou responder as perguntas com base nos microdados do Enem de 2015 e do Censo da Educação Superior de 2016. Os resultados das duas análises indicam que: 1) os candidatos ao Enem são altamente motivados a ingressar em IES públicas, mas os alunos de escolas públicas são mais motivados a ingressar em IES privadas do que os de escola particular; 2) a maioria dos alunos das IES públicas é oriunda de escolas particulares, ao passo que a maior parte dos discentes de IES privadas provém de escolas públicas.

Background Pulmonary and extrapulmonary incidental findings are frequently identified on CT scans performed for lung cancer screening. Uncertainty regarding their clinical significance and how and when such findings should be reported back to clinicians and participants persists. We examined the prevalence of non-malignant incidental findings within a lung cancer screening cohort and investigated the morbidity and relevant risk factors associated with incidental findings. We quantified the primary and secondary care referrals generated by our protocol.Methods The SUMMIT study (NCT03934866) is a prospective observational cohort study to examine the performance of delivering a low-dose CT (LDCT) screening service to a high-risk population. Spirometry, blood pressure, height/weight and respiratory history were assessed as part of a Lung Health Check. Individuals at high risk of lung cancer were offered an LDCT and returned for two further annual visits. This analysis is a prospective evaluation of the standardised reporting and management protocol for incidental findings developed for the study on the baseline LDCT.Results In 11 115 participants included in this analysis, the most common incidental findings were coronary artery calcification (64.2%) and emphysema (33.4%). From our protocolised management approach, the number of participants requiring review for clinically relevant findings in primary care was 1 in 20, and the number potentially requiring review in secondary care was 1 in 25.Conclusions Incidental findings are common in lung cancer screening and can be associated with reported symptoms and comorbidities. A standardised reporting protocol allows systematic assessment and standardises onward management.

This infographic illustrates the global carbon cycle and discusses sources, sinks, carbon markets, and carbon sequestration. Written by Jehangir Bhadha, Mark Clark, Michael Andreu, Yuchuan Fan, Tara Wade, and Young Gu Her, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, January 2023.

As circunstâncias trazidas pela pandemia da covid-19 impuseram, em escala planetária, a necessidade de adoção de um conjunto de medidas que acabou por produzir novas formas de relacionamento e convivência social pautadas pelo distanciamento e pelo isolamento social. No caso da educação escolar, por exemplo, impôs-se aos sistemas de ensino a definição de novas sistemáticas de organização do trabalho pedagógico como alternativa que, de alguma maneira, daria respostas à sociedade, às famílias e à própria comunidade escolar mormente à suspensão das atividades presencias letivas do ano de 2020. Considerando tal contexto este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as diretrizes gerais e os procedimentos administrativos e pedagógicos formulados pela administração do sistema público de ensino municipal de Rio Branco. O estudo se organiza a partir de análise documental na qual são sistematizadas as diretrizes legais, pedagógicas e administrativas, elaboradas no período de pandemia. Busca-se, nessa perspectiva, extrair as incidências dessas orientações e em que medida elas expressam novas dinâmicas de organização e lógicas para a natureza do trabalho pedagógico com crianças desde a educação infantil e até o quinto ano do ensino fundamental e quais são as implicações dessas determinações sobre a organização do trabalho pedagógico de professores(as).

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has low phosphorus (P) use efficiency as compared with other vegetable crops. This study was conducted at two commercial chipping potato farms (A and B) in Northeast Florida to evaluate different P rates for potato production. Plot size was 0.62 and 0.49 hectares for Farms A and B, respectively. The total trial area was 13.32 hectares per growing season for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed with four replications per P rate. The chipping potato variety, ‘Atlantic’ was cultivated with three P rates: 0, 24.5, and 48.9 kg P ha−1 in 2018, and 12.2, 24.5, and 48.9 kg P ha−1 in 2019 and 2020. The soil of Farm A contained 497 mg kg−1 Mehlich-3 extractable P and 946 mg kg−1 aluminum (Al), and that of Farm B had 220 mg kg−1 Mehlich-3 extractable P and 253 mg kg−1 Al. The results showed that a P rate of 48.9 kg P ha−1 significantly improved tuber yield as compared to 0 in 2018 or 12.2 kg P ha−1 in 2019 and 2020. Application of 48.9 kg P ha−1 fertilizer P significantly increased the soil P level in 2018 and 2020, while the application of 24.5 kg P ha−1 fertilizer P increased the soil P level significantly in 2018 only. Tubers with 48.9 kg P ha−1 showed significantly lower external quality issues than 0 or 12.2 and 24.5 kg P ha−1. However, there were no significant differences in specific gravity, internal tuber quality, and tuber size among the different P rates. The tuber yield data show that potato plants grown on soil with high legacy P still require approximately 50 kg ha−1 P application for sustainable potato production in the area. This high P requirement results from the combination of high concentrations of active metals (Al and iron (Fe)) and a decrease in pH of one unit in the growing season. New P-fertilization programs with post-plant applications rather than with pre-plant application are urgently needed for minimizing P-immobilization by Al and Fe and improving P-use efficiency for potato production in the state.

Este trabalho, organizado a partir de um relato autobiográfico, aborda questões referentes ao processo de formação e desenvolvimento profissional no magistério, destacando a trajetória de uma professora acreana que atuou na rede pública de ensino no município de Xapuri-AC, prestando inúmeras contribuições ao desenvolvimento da educação pública escolar da Cidade. Tem como objetivo, portanto, apresentar, descrever e analisar a vida, a formação e a carreira dessa professora que veio a se constituir em uma das mais importantes profissionais da educação municipal e uma referência para a educação de Xapuri, interior do Estado do Acre, terra do ambientalista Chico Mendes. Para compreendermos a tessitura da constituição profissional e determinadas questões relacionadas ao modo como a professora foi constituindo-se na profissão e construindo sua identidade profissional recorremos às contribuições de autores como Tardif (2004 e 2011), Nóvoa (1991, 1992, 1994, 2007), Perrenoud (1993), Louro (2008) dentre outros, que foram chamados para a fundamentação o diálogo com os dados extraídos das conversas com a professora e seus relatos profissionais, as fontes documentais cedidas pela professora pesquisada, dentre aquelas que ainda constam em seu acervo particular, além de documentos oficiais, como leis, decretos, resoluções e portarias que indicam questões sobre o magistério acreano e o percurso de formação, atuação e desenvolvimento profissional da professora que inspira o estudo. A realização desse estudo possibilitou-nos concluir que sua formação profissional se deu entrelaçada aos diferentes momentos e contextos vivenciados ao longo de seu percurso profissional, condição esta que lhe permitiu experiências pessoais e profissionais que contribuíram de forma indelével para compor seu repertório de conhecimentos, permitindo-lhes mobilizar diferentes saberes em seu contexto de atuação e de inserção no ofício de ensinar.

O manuscrito apresenta alguns resultados obtidos na pesquisa de mestrado realizada em 2016, sobre as implicações da Prova Brasil no currículo escolar e o trabalho pedagógico em escolas municipais de Rio Branco/AC. O recorte dos dados apresentados refere-se à concepção de 27 professores de turmas de 5º ano do Ensino fundamental sobre a Avaliação Nacional do Rendimento Escolar – Anresc, ou Prova Brasil. O texto objetiva analisar como os professores concebem esta avaliação externa em larga escala. Como procedimento metodológico utiliza-se a entrevista estruturada com 27 professores da rede pública municipal de Rio Branco/Acre, análise documental e bibliográfica. Como resultado destaca-se que: a Prova Brasil não leva em conta as realidades locais de cada escola, a forma de elaboração da Prova Brasil deve ser melhorada, há falta de suporte para desenvolvimento de um bom trabalho e que esse tipo de avaliação só considera a nota/média alta como sinônimo de qualidade.

Particle size is one factor affecting phosphorus (P) dynamics in soils and sediments. This study investigated how flow facilitated by hydraulic pumps and aquatic vegetation species water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) affected particle size and P-dynamics in organic sediments in agricultural drainage ditches. Sediments with finer particle size (>0.002 mm) were hypothesized to contain greater total P (TP) and less labile P than sediments with coarser particle size. Particle size was determined using a LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer. Sediments were tested for pH, TP, and organic matter. Fractions of P were determined using a sequential fractionation experiment and 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Larger average particle size and lower average total P concentrations were found in the inflows of the field ditches compared to the outflows. Presence of flow and aquatic vegetation did not have a significant impact on particle size, TP, or labile P fractions. Median (p = 0.10) particle size was not significantly correlated to TP. Overall, there was an average trend of coarser particle size and lower P concentrations in the inflow compared to the outflow. The presence of inorganic limerock could have affected results due to increased P adsorption capacity and larger average particle size compared to the organic fraction of the sediment.

Permeable pavement systems are Green Stormwater Infrastructure practices that can reduce runoff while supporting vehicle and pedestrian traffic. This new 8-page document provides technical details of permeable pavement systems, such as application, system elements, design, installation, operation, maintenance, crediting, and costs, in order to inform planners, engineers, landscape architects, local government officials, and other professionals in the built environment about the considerations for implementing and maintaining permeable pavements. Written by E. Bean, M. Clark, and B. Larson, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, April 2019. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae530

Large urban trees have many benefits. However, falling branches pose a serious hazard to both people and infrastructure. In several tree species, aerial roots grow down from branches to the ground. These roots are capable of thickening to support the branches, lessening the risk of tree failure. Unfortunately, in urban environments most aerial roots die before reaching the ground. Here, we report a new method for encouraging aerial roots to reach the ground, developed by the second-year botany class at UNSW Sydney. Our class tested three experimental treatments on aerial roots of Ficus rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. (Port Jackson Fig)-PVC pipes filled with sphagnum moss, PVC pipes filled with potting mix, and PVC pipes filled with sphagnum moss and topped with funnels to catch extra rainwater. All three treatments significantly improved aerial root growth, with 26 of the 30 (87%) treatment roots reaching the ground after one year compared to 0 of the 10 control roots. Our method was successful for roots up to 3 m above the ground, suggesting the potential growth rate of aerial roots is substantial when conditions are favourable. Our novel approach is an attractive and cost-effective alternative to slings and other artificial supports. This project is an example of using undergraduate practical classes to teach science while simultaneously addressing important real-world problems.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as produções relativas à Educação Física no Enem por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Identificamos 13 trabalhos de 2010 a 2017 em diferentes bases de dados e analisados em 3 categorias: 1) aspectos conceituais das provas, 2) impactos políticos-curriculares do exame e 3) aspectos psicométricos das questões. Porém, todos mostraram evidências importantes sendo algumas positivas, como o fato de que o novo Enem trouxe mudanças no ensino da Educação Física e maior legitimidade à área, como também pontos negativos, como a superficialidade dos itens e déficits na estruturação dos mesmos.

O estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos candidatos da EJA nos itens de Educação Física do Enem edição de 2014. Participaram da amostra 305 estudantes selecionados aleatoriamente. Foi realizada a comparação de desempenho por sexo, tipo de escola e regiões geográficas do país. Para a análise utilizou-se o teste t de Student e Análise de Variância. A média geral de desempenho é baixa e observou-se diferenças significativas no desempenho entre os sexos, visto que os homens obtiveram notas maiores que as mulheres, mas não quanto ao tipo de escola e entre as regiões do Brasil

The decline in coral reef health presents a complex management issue. While several causes of decline have been identified and are under continued study, it is often difficult to discern management actions necessary to address multiple near- and far-field stressors to these ecosystems. As a result, resource managers seek tools to improve the understanding of ecosystem condition and to develop management responses to reduce local and regional pressures in the wake of larger, global impacts. A research study conducted from 2010 to 2014 in southeast Florida, USA consisted of two objectives: (1) conduct a needs assessment survey with coral reef and marine resource managers to identify data needs and the preferred design and delivery of climate information; and (2) develop and evaluate prototype decision support tools. The needs assessment process was helpful for identifying the types of climate information managers would like to obtain to inform decision making and to specify the preferred format for the delivery of that information. Three prototype tools were evaluated by managers using pre/post surveys that included hands-on tutorials to explore the functionality of each. Manager responses were recorded using a five-point scale with 1 being No or Not Useful to 5 being Absolutely or Very Useful. The median responses rated the usefulness of the tools (4), if they would consider using the tool (4), and if they would recommend using the tool to other managers (4 or 5). The median response for increasing manager’s knowledge about climate impacts after completing a tutorial of each of the climate tools was a 3 (moderately useful). Of the managers surveyed in the pre/post-survey, all but one stated they believed they would use the decision support tools in the future with the single response due to wealth of data availability in their institution.

Introduction: Physician burnout has received considerable attention in the literature and impacts a large number of emergency medicine physicians, but there is no standardized curriculum for wellness in resident education. A culture change is needed to educate about wellness, adopt a preventative and proactive approach, and focus on resiliency. Discussion: We describe a novel approach to wellness education by focusing on resiliency rather than the unintended endpoint of physician burnout. One barrier to adoption of wellness education has been establishing legitimacy among emergency medicine (EM) residents and educators. We discuss a change in the language of wellness education and provide several specific topics to facilitate the incorporation of these topics in resident education. Conclusion: Wellness education and a culture of training that promotes well-being will benefit EM residents. Demonstrating the impact of several factors that positively affect emergency physicians may help to facilitate alert residents to the importance of practicing activities that will result in wellness. A change in culture and focus on resiliency is needed to adequately address and optimize physician self-care.

In terms of water use efficiency, the traditional seepage irrigation systems commonly used in areas with high water tables are one of the most inefficient methods of irrigation, though some irrigation management practices can contribute to better soil moisture uniformity. Subsurface drip irrigation systems apply water below the soil surface by microirrigation, improving the water distribution and time required to raise the water table for seepage irrigation. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Lincoln Zotarelli, Libby Rens, Charles Barrett, Daniel J. Cantliffe, Michael D. Dukes, Mark Clark, and Steven Lands, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1217

Natural systems use the natural processes of wetland ecosystems to both transform and hold on to many of the common pollutants that occur in household wastewater. This 8-page fact sheet briefly describes the principles and added benefits of natural systems. It then focuses on their use for treating small municipal wastewater flows from commercial and residential sites (i.e., septic systems or decentralized wastewater systems). Written by Kiara Winans, Shanin Speas-Frost, Mike Jerauld, Mark Clark, and Gurpal Toor, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, May 2012.

SL316, a 9-page illustrated guide by Thomas Obreza, Mark Clark, Brian Boman, Tatiana Borisova, Matt Cohen, Michael Dukes, Tom Frazer, Ed Hanlon, Karl Havens, Chris Martinez, Kati Migliaccio, Sanjay Shukla, and Alan Wright, provides a basic, concise, and understandable description of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) proposed numeric nutrient criteria for Florida, the background events that led to its release, some pertinent scientific issues, and implications for the future. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, February 2010.

Wetlands cover almost 30% of the state of Florida and account for just over 10% of the remaining wetland area in the lower 48 United States. Over the past 200 years Florida has lost an estimated 10 million acres of wetland, about half of the total area thought to exist in the 1780's. Some of these remaining wetlands are well known, like the Florida Everglades, while others may be small and unassuming. All play a vital role in flood protection, water quality and wildlife habitat. The Florida Wetlands Extension web site is designed to provide you with a better understanding of wetlands and wetland-related issues in Florida where these ecosystems are such a prominent feature. This document outlines some of the subjects covered in the site. his document is Fact Sheet SL217, one of a series of the Soil and Water Science Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss437

Permafrost is tightly coupled to the organic soil layer, an interaction that mediates permafrost degradation in response to regional warming. We analyzed changes in permafrost occurrence and organic layer thickness (OLT) using more than 3000 soil pedons across a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient. Cause and effect relationships between permafrost probability (PF), OLT, and other topographic factors were investigated using structural equation modeling in a multi-group analysis. Groups were defined by slope, soil texture type, and shallow (