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Background: Diabetic neuropathic pain exerts strong as well as negative influence on both survival and quality of life of the patient. This pain is difficult to treat with conventional analgesics. Now a days, different medicinal herbs are highlighted due to their wide range of beneficial application with less side effects. In this regards Spirulina platensis is well known for its wide range of biological activities. Objective: To assess the effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis on cold allodynia and chemical allodynia in diabetic neuropathic pain in Long Evans rats.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2017 to February 2019. Twenty four (24) Long Evans rats, having 150 to 200 grams body weight (on the basis of treatments), the rats were divided into Group I (normal saline 5 ml/kg body weight) and Group II (Spirulina platensis 400 mg/kg body weight). All the supplementations were given once daily for consecutive 21 days orally and last doses were given one hour before the pain evaluation tests. Further on the basis of experiments, previously grouped rats were divided into subgroup ‘a’(cold tail immersion test), and ‘b’ (formalin test). Data were expressed as mean±SEM and were statistically analyzed by SPSS (Version 16) using independent sample ‘t’ test to compare mean value between two groups. (p 0.05 was considered as the level of significance).Results: Spirulina platensis showed significantly higher tail flick latency (p 0.001) in cold tail immersion test. S. platensis demonstrated significantly lowered jerking frequency (p 0.001,p 0.01,p 0.001, respectively); the duration of licking (p 0.001,p 0.05,p 0.001, respectively) and the duration of flexing (p 0.001, non-significant 0.01, respectively) in early, inter and late phases of formalin test in compared to those of control. Conclusion: S. platensis attenuates cold allodynia and chemical allodynia diabetic neuropathic pain in rat model. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 208-213

An oxoiron(iv) cation radical is generated upon two-electron oxidation of an iron(iii) complex bearing an electron-rich methoxy substituted bTAML framework and characterized via multiple spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory (DFT).

Bio-cycling of polyphenols in estuarine ecosystem have not been documented adequately among the floraand fauna thereof. Total phenolic contents, antioxidative potential and free-radical scavenging activityhave been analysed from three types of structural components (leaves of Acanthus illicifolius, and detritusloaded estuarine soil and a benthic fauna, Uca lactea annulipes), of the estuarine mangrove ecosystem of theNorth Eastern coastal belt of India. HPLC and MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry analysis were performed toidentify and quantify the phenolic compounds. Results reveal that all the three samples contain Polyphenols that can be related through the process and pathways of eco-biological transformation. Though quantitativelyless, the presence of deprotonated polyphenols enriches the detritus laden soil. Interestingly, very fewparent ions of phenolic acids from leaf sample show up in the crab hemolymph. It contained new metabolitesconsisting of fragmented ions. This establishes the role of the fiddler crabs as agents participating in thebio-cycling of polyphenols and also depicts the interdependence of plants, animals, and soil for the exchangeof essential life supporting ingredients as an outcome of coevolutionary process.

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way of our living. Social and physical distancing has become an inevitable part of our life. Although the younger counterpart can adapt to the situation quickly, it is extremely difficult for the elderly (60 years and above) who are locked in their homes to manage this situation on their own, especially those who live alone. In this scenario, how can we help the elderly who are caught at home? How will they again fight with social and physical distancing and the pandemic? The purpose of the study is to acknowledge the fact that the elderly need urgent consideration and attention and suggested ways to adapt to the “new normal.” Design/methodology/approach The viewpoint discussed the diverse ways through which the elderly can be motivated to adapt in the current situation in a pandemic hit environment. Findings The viewpoint highlighted in detail the prospects, challenges and considerable steps that need to be taken by the important stakeholders (practitioners and policymakers) in our society to support the elderly. Originality/value The viewpoint emphasised on the need of creating separate policies and implementation of the same at various levels. Although the government does have acts and policies for the welfare and maintenance of the elderly, they should now also re-think of a more concrete and sustainable policy to take care of the elderly, especially during a crisis. Ageing is inevitable, the reflections of this study will also allow the families and the society to cushion the elderly in their families and around them. This work will also create an opportunity for the practitioners to work for this under-explored community and look forward to catering to their needs.

The modern consumer looks at visiting restaurants as a much broader experience than just consuming food. They are aware and carefully form their decisions based on available information. Therefore,...

The separation of xylene isomers is one of the most challenging tasks in the petrochemical industry. Herein, we developed an efficient adsorptive molecular sieving strategy using crystalline trianglimine macrocycle (1) to separate the elusive m-xylene isomer from an equimolar xylenes mixture with over 91% purity. The selectivity is attributed to the capture of the preferred guest with size/shape selectivity and C–H⋯π interactions. Moreover, the trianglimine crystals are readily recyclable due to the reversible transformation between the guest-free and guest-loaded structures.

ConspectusSeparating and purifying chemicals without heat would go a long way toward reducing the overall energy consumption and the harmful environmental footprint of the process. Molecular separation processes are critical for the production of raw materials, commodity chemicals, and specialty fuels. Over 50% of the energy used in the production of these materials is spent on separation and purification processes, which primarily includes vacuum and cryogenic distillations. Chemical manufacturers are now investigating modest thermal approaches, such as membranes and adsorbent materials, as they are more cognizant than ever of the need to save energy and prevent pollution. Porous materials, such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have dominated the field of industrial separations as their high surface areas and robust pores make them ideal candidates for molecular separations of gases and hydrocarbons. Separation processes involving porous materials can save 70%-90% of energy costs compared to that of thermally driven distillations. However, most porous materials have low thermal, chemical, and moisture stability, in addition to limited solution processability, which tremendously constrain their broad industrial translation. Intrinsically porous molecular materials (IPMs) are a subclass of porous molecular materials that are comprised of molecular host macrocycles or cages that absorb guests in or around their intrinsic cavity. IPMs range from discrete porous molecules to assemblies with amorphous or highly crystalline structures that are held together by weak supramolecular interactions. Compared to the coordination or dynamic covalent bond-constructed porous frameworks, IPMs possess high thermal, chemical, and moisture stability and maintain their porosity under critical conditions. Moreover, the intrinsic porosity endows IPMs with excellent host-guest properties in solid, liquid (organic or aqueous), and gas states, which can be further utilized to construct diverse separation strategies, such as solid-gas adsorption, solid-liquid absorption, and liquid-liquid extraction. The diversity of host-guest interactions in the engineered IPMs affords a plethora of possibilities for the development of the ideal "molecular sieves". Herein, we present a different take on the applicability of intrinsically porous materials such as cyclodextrin (CD), cucurbiturils (CB), pillararene (P), trianglamines (T), and porous organic cages (POCs) that showed an impressive performance in gas purification and benzene derivatives separation. IPMs can be easily scaled up and are quite stable and solution processable that consequently facilitates a favorable technological transformation from the traditional energy-intensive separations. We will account for the main advances in molecular host-guest chemistry to design "on-demand" separation processes and also outline future challenges and opportunities for this promising technology.

Predicting, controlling, understanding, and elucidating the phase transition from gel to crystal are highly important for the development of various functional materials with macroscopic properties. Here, we show a detailed and systematic description of the self-assembly process of an enantiopure trianglimine macrocyclic host from gel to single crystals. This proceeds via an unprecedented formation of capsule-like or right-handed helix superstructures as metastable products, depending on the nature of the guest molecule. Mesitylene promotes the formation of capsule-like superstructures, whereas toluene results in the formation of helices as intermediates during the course of crystallization. Single-crystal results demonstrate that the crystals obtained via the direct self-assembly from the gel phase are different from the crystals obtained from the stepwise assembly of the intermediate superstructures. Hence, investigating the phase-transition superstructures that self-assemble through the process of crystallization can unravel new molecular ordering with unexplored host-guest interactions. Such understanding will provide further tools to control hierarchical assemblies at the molecular level and consequently design or dictate the properties of evolved materials.

The direct exploitation of ‘electrons’ as reagents in synthetic organic transformations is on the verge of a renaissance by virtue of its greenness, sustainability, atom economy, step economy and inherent safety. Achieving stereocontrol in such organic electrochemical reactions remains a major synthetic challenge and hence demands great expertise. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the details of stereoselective organic electrochemical reactions along with the synthetic accomplishments achieved with these methods.

In present-day technology is governing the way we live and lead our life. It primarily governs our day-to-day work, quality of life, health, environment and surroundings. The use of technology has made our lives easier as almost everything around us is accessible with the use of some innovative technologies. But at the same point in time, it has made the experience little complex for the older people living in our society. As per the Ministry of Statistics, Government of India 2017, the numbers of Indians over the age of 60 years constitute almost 36 per cent of the country’s population. Considering this fact, it is imperative to be acquainted with the full picture of digital involvement of older people in the country. The research is focussed primarily on the people aged between 58 and 70 years residing in the urban locality of India. The study will use a mixed-method framework to conclude its findings. Data are collected first through a survey of 388 respondents and then interviewing some of the participants (20 participants who were also part of the survey) from different states of India. Sequential explanatory research design is used to conduct the study. Phase one is a quantitative analysis where statistical tools like Cronbach’s alpha, factor analysis and regression is used to validate the proposed model. In phase two, the validated constructs of the proposed model are used to frame the discussion guide and in-depth interviews were conducted. The depth interviews further clarified and explained in more details the results derived from the quantitative study in the first stage. The purpose of this research is to identify the level of digital exclusion and also to ascertain the reasons behind the marginalization. Further, the research is also focussing on understanding the noteworthy perceptions that will be effective in creating and implementing strategies for digital inclusion and engagement of the elderly in India. The results (both quantitative and qualitative study) established the influence of perceived usefulness, ease of use, risk and anxiety on the engagement and hence generating an attitude towards adoption.

The separation of xylene isomers is one of the most challenging tasks in the petrochemical industry. Herein, we developed an efficient adsorptive molecular sieving strategy using crystalline trianglimine macrocycle (1) to separate the elusive

The separation of styrene (ST) and ethylbenzene (EB) mixtures is of great importance in the petrochemical and plastics industries. Current technology employs multiple cycles of energy-intensive distillation due to the very close boiling points of ST and EB. Here, we show that the molecular sieving properties of easily scalable and stable trianglimine crystals offer ultrahigh selectivity (99%) for styrene separation. The unique molecular sieving properties of trianglimine crystals are corroborated by DFT calculations, suggesting that the incorporation of the nonplanar EB requires a significant deformation of the macrocyclic cavity whereas the planar ST can be easily accommodated in the cavity.

Purpose The paper discusses the potential of digital influence and the need to integrate technology-based platforms in the lives of older adults. Design/methodology/approach The author adopted “age” as a construct and discussed how the elderly in our society are adapting to the changing landscape of digital disruption. The study also highlighted some opportunities for marketers to focus on. Findings The author discussed in detail the presence of the elderly in the digital platforms and the need of the marketers to target this age group to generate business. Originality/value The paper introduced the necessity to understand and explore the under-explored segment of older adults. The study also deliberated various ways through which the marketers can actually drive business focusing on this section by taking care of only their daily needs and optimally utilizing the untapped opportunities of these platforms.

The investigation is focussed on phase generation and magnetocaloric properties of a series of Ni 77-X Mn X Ga 23 (x = 22, 23, 24, 25, 27) alloys prepared through arc melting furnace. With increase in Mn content, the alloys showed systematic transition from a non-modulated martensite (NM) to a fully austenitic parent phase through an appearance and coexistence of modulated (M) structure. Intermediate Mn containing alloy (#Mn 24 ) not only displayed high magnetic entropy change (ΔS M ) of −7.7 J/kg −1 K −1 but also large Refrigerant Capacity (RC) of 169 J.Kg −1 at magnetic field change of 3 T compared to other alloys. The coexisting martensite (NM, M) and parent austenite as well as overlapping thermomagnetic and structural transformation was deliverable through tuning of alloy chemistry wherein Ni was systematically substituted by Mn. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) supported the proposition with existence of martensite plates of different morphology in Mn 24 alloy exhibiting superior magnetocaloric properties.

2-bromo-cyclohexenecarbaldehyde and 2-bromobenzaldehyde have long been used as an important tool for the construction loads of compounds of potential biological, medicinal as well as material applications. This review highlights past ten years advancement in the progressive field of bromovinyl aldehyde chemistry focusing on the methods utilizing these substrates under palladium-catalyzed conditions.

The use of a peroxidase-mimicking Fe complex has been reported on the basis of the biuret-modified TAML macrocyclic ligand framework (Fe-bTAML) as a catalyst to perform selective oxidation of unactivated 3° C-H bonds and activated 2° C-H bonds with low catalyst loading (1 mol %) and high product yield (excellent mass balance) under near-neutral conditions and broad substrate scope (18 substrates which includes arenes, heteroaromatics, and polar functional groups). Aliphatic C-H oxidation of 3° and 2° sites of complex substrates was achieved with predictable selectivity using steric, electronic, and stereoelectronic rules that govern site selectivity, which included oxidation of (+)-artemisinin to (+)-10β-hydroxyartemisinin. Mechanistic studies indicate FeV(O) to be the active oxidant during these reactions.

Despite the notable progress in the stabilization of main group radicals by NHCs and cAACs, no germanium radicals have been isolated so far due to synthetic challenges. Stabilization of neutral [:EIR]• (E = Si, Ge) radicals is an uphill task, as these reactive transient species are highly susceptible to dimerization. Herein, we report the synthesis of acyclic neutral germanium(I) radicals Cy-cAAC:GeN(SiMe3)Dip (1) and Me-cAAC:GeN(SiPh3)Mes (2) obtained by the reduction of [Ar(SiR3)NGeCl3] with KC8 in the presence of cAAC. Compounds 1 and 2 are well characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the structure and bonding of compounds 1 and 2 have been investigated by theoretical methods.

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the metal free low valent fluoroborylene [(Me-cAAC)2BF] (1) stabilized by cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (cAAC). The fluoroborylene 1 is obtained by the reductive defluorination of Me-cAAC:BF3 with 2.0 equivalents of KC8 in the presence of 1.0 equivalent of Me-cAAC. Due to its highly electron rich nature, 1 underwent one-electron oxidation with 1.0 equivalent of lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate [LiB(C6F5)4] to form the radical cation [(Me-cAAC)2BF]˙+[B(C6F5)4]- (2). DFT studies suggested that the lone pair of electrons is localized on the boron atom in 1, which explains its unprecedented reactivity. Both compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The radical cation 2 was studied by EPR spectroscopy. peerReviewed

The reaction of the ferrous complex [LFe(NCMe)2](OTf)2 (1), which contains a macrocyclic tetracarbene as ligand (L), with Na(OCP) generates the OCP−‐ligated complex [LFe(PCO)(CO)]OTf (2) together with the dinuclear μ‐phosphido complex [(LFe)2P](OTf)3 (3), which features an unprecedented linear Fe‐(μ‐P)‐Fe motif and a “naked” P‐atom bridge that appears at δ=+1480 ppm in the 31P NMR spectrum. 3 exhibits rich redox chemistry, and both the singly and doubly oxidized species 4 and 5 could be isolated and fully characterized. X‐ray crystallography, spectroscopic studies, in combination with DFT computations provide a comprehensive electronic structure description and show that the Fe‐(μ‐P)‐Fe core is highly covalent and structurally invariant over the series of oxidation states that are formally described as ranging from FeIIIFeIII to FeIVFeIV. 3–5 now add a higher homologue set of complexes to the many systems with Fe‐(μ‐O)‐Fe and Fe‐(μ‐N)‐Fe core structures that are prominent in bioinorganic chemistry and catalysis., The naked truth: Using a macrocyclic tetracarbene ligand scaffold and Na(OCP) as a P‐atom transfer reagent has allowed a diiron complex to be isolated with a “naked” P bridge. The complex exhibits rich redox chemistry, and both the singly and doubly oxidized species could be isolated and fully characterized. The unprecedented linear Fe‐(μ‐P)‐Fe core is highly covalent and is structurally invariant over three oxidation states.

A one-pot simple and concise methodology has been developed for synthesizing aromatic carboxylic anhydrides starting from easily accessible aromatic aldehydes using cuprous chloride as the catalyst and TBHP as the oxidant in DMSO solvent to garner moderate to good yields via radical pathway in short and convenient reaction time at room temperature.

An interesting side-pathway leading to 1,3-dibromo-2-aryl-1H-indenes as opposed to isoquinoline N-oxides via NBS mediated bromination of 2-alkynylbenzaldoximes.

Succumbing to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria is a great distress to the recent health care system. Out of the several attempts that have been made to kill MDR pathogens, a few gained short-lived success. The failures, of the discovered or innovated antimicrobials, were mostly due to their high level of toxicity to hosts and the phenomenal rate of developing resistance by the pathogens against the new arsenal. Recently, a few quantum dots were tested against the pathogenic bacteria and therefore, justified for potential stockpiling of next-generation antibacterial agents. The key players for antimicrobial properties of quantum dots are considered to be Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The mechanism of reaction between bacteria and quantum dots needs to be better understood. They are generally targeted towards the cell wall and membrane components as lipoteichoic acid and phosphatidyl glycerol of bacteria have been documented here. In this paper, we have attempted to simulate ZnS quantum dots and have analysed their mechanism of reaction as well as binding potential to the above bacterial membrane components using CDOCKER. Results have shown a high level of antibacterial activity towards several pathogenic bacteria which specify their potentiality for future generation antibacterial drug development.

A novel and efficient methodology for the synthesis of 6H-benzo[c]chromenes, 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-ones, carbazoles, dibenzofurans, dibenzooxepins has been developed. The reaction goes through intramolecular O-/N-arylations with sp2C–Br bonds via typical SNAr pathway in presence of potassium-tert-butoxide base.

We have developed a novel and efficient methodology for the intramolecular aryl C–H oxidative lactonization of 2-arylbenzaldehyde using a low-cost CuCl catalyst and TBHP as the oxidant at room temperature. We applied the methodology to the synthesis of a series of dibenzopyranones.

An efficient hetero-annulation protocol has been developed for the construction of 4,5,6-trisubstituted-1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans via palladium-catalyzed domino carbopalladation of bromoenynes and internal alkynes. The reaction followed domino intramolecular Heck cyclization (5-exo-dig) and termination of the resulting diene with an internal alkyne to give highly substituted isobenzofurans in moderate to good yields.

The presence of an FeV(O) species has been postulated as the active intermediate for the oxidation of both C–H and C=C bonds in the Rieske dioxygenase family of enzymes. Understanding the reactivity of these high valent iron–oxo intermediates, especially in an aqueous medium, would provide a better understanding of these enzymatic reaction mechanisms. The formation of an FeV(O) complex at room temperature in an aqueous CH3CN mixture that contains up to 90% water using NaOCl as the oxidant is reported here. The stability of FeV(O) decreases with increasing water concentration. We show that the reactivity of FeV(O) toward the oxidation of C–H bonds, such as those in toluene, can be tuned by varying the amount of water in the H2O/CH3CN mixture. Rate acceleration of up to 60 times is observed for the oxidation of toluene upon increasing the water concentration. The role of water in accelerating the rate of the reaction has been studied using kinetic measurements, isotope labeling experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A kinetic isotope effect of ∼13 was observed for the oxidation of toluene and d8-toluene showing that C–H abstraction was involved in the rate-determining step. Activation parameters determined for toluene oxidation in H2O/CH3CN mixtures on the basis of Eyring plots for the rate constants show a gain in enthalpy with a concomitant loss in entropy. This points to the formation of a more-ordered transition state involving water molecules. To further understand the role of water, we performed a careful DFT study, concentrating mostly on the rate-determining hydrogen abstraction step. The DFT-optimized structure of the starting FeV(O) and the transition state indicates that the rate enhancement is due to the transition state’s favored stabilization over the reactant due to enhanced hydrogen bonding with water., An FeV(O) complex was generated at room temperature in H2O/CH3CN mixtures (

Nonheme iron complexes bearing tetradentate N-atom-donor ligands with cis labile sites show great promise for chemoselective aliphatic C–H hydroxylation. However, several challenges still limit their widespread application. We report a mechanism-guided development of a peroxidase mimicking iron complex based on the bTAML macrocyclic ligand framework (Fe-bTAML: biuret-modified tetraamido macrocyclic ligand) as a catalyst to perform selective oxidation of unactivated 3° bonds with unprecedented regioselectivity (3°:2° of 110:1 for adamantane oxidation), high stereoretention (99%), and turnover numbers (TONs) up to 300 using mCPBA as the oxidant. Ligand decomposition pathways involving acid-induced demetalation were identified, and this led to the development of more robust and efficient Fe-bTAML complexes that catalyzed chemoselective C–H oxidation. Mechanistic studies, which include correlation of the product formed with the FeV(O) reactive intermediates generated during the reaction, indicate that the maj...

An efficient one-pot copper(I)- and palladium-catalyzed synthesis of indoles from N-(2-iodo-aryl)formamides and phenyl­acetylene is described. The cascade reaction comprises a Sonogashira cross-coupling, an intramolecular C–N bond formation, and hydrolysis of the intermediate indole-1-carbaldehyde promoted by the same catalyst and base systems.

An efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of bis-exocyclic conjugated diene containing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Heck cyclization of (2-bromo-allyl)-(2-phenylethynyl-phenyl)-amines. The reaction followed 6-exo-dig cyclization to yield the desired products in moderate to good yields.

The formation of C–C bonds is a prerequisite for all life on earth. Understanding the role of proteins in mediating the formation of these bonds is important for understanding biological mechanisms in evolution, as well as for designing “green catalysts”. In this work, the ability of silk fibroin (SF) proteins to mediate selective C–C bond formation under mild conditions was comprehensively evaluated and compared between different SF-based materials and other proteins. Aqueous SF solution (ASFS), freeze-dried SF (FDSF), mesoporous SF (MPSF), and SF hydrogel (SFHG) materials were prepared and characterized by a variety of techniques including, among others, FE-SEM, ICP-OES, FT-IR, and TGA. The nitroaldol (Henry) reaction, Knoevenagel condensation, and direct aldol reaction were used as models for this study, in which the recovery and reusability of the protein was also evaluated.

We have successfully developed a transition metal free green methodology for the synthesis of carboxylic anhydrides from aldehydes via CDC pathway and have also demonstrated the reaction mechanism. The developed method has also been successfully applied for the synthesis of amides.

Phthalides have been synthesized exclusively in one pot via Pd-free Sonogashira coupling. A Cu-catalyzed domino Sonogashira coupling and 5-exo-dig cyclization between suitable substituted ortho-bromobenzoic acids and terminal alkynes afforded phthalides in good yields under mild reaction conditions.

Agriculture sector as a whole has developed and emerged immensely with the infusion of science and technology. But this latest emergence is not capable of plummeting the ignorance of women labour as an integral part of this industry. In developing countries like India, agriculture continues to absorb and employ female work force but fails to give them recognition of employed/hired labour. Women constituted 38% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries. It is also estimated that 45.3% of the agricultural labour force consists of women. But a large number of women have remained as "invisible workers”. Since there has been concern expressed regarding the gap between women’s actual economic participation and public perception of it several researchers have attempted to overcome this invisibility through gendered empirical research studies for using on gender analysis and gender roles. This piece of research is highlighting the trend of female participation in agriculture across various Indian states. The secondary data collated for the research is used to study the growth trend of the agricultural worker from 1961-2001. Analysis is done to categorize the states on their identical behaviour of participation in agriculture by hierarchical clustering of economically active female in agriculture based on measurements like coefficient of variation, compound growth rate and work participation rate.

An efficient method for the synthesis of halo-carbolines has been developed via Pd-catalysed formation of C–N bonds through Csp2-H/N–H activation of 4-methyl-N-[2-(pyridine-3-yl)phenyl] benzenesulfonamide derivatives. Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 as oxidant afforded halo-carbolines in good to excellent yields with tolerance to a variety of substituents.

A facile, mild, efficient, and copper-free method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-substituted indoles via domino Sonogashira coupling/cyclization reaction catalyzed by ZnCl2 and palladium on carbon with simultaneous formations of C–C and C–N bonds.