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Array integrated all-carbon phototransistor with high photoconductive gain and fast response speed is very attractive for researchers to realize broadband and tunable photo-imaging. Generally, the photoresponse is limited by the low light absorption of carbon materials while the detector array is limited by processing technology. Here, we patterned vertical graphene-C 60 -graphene heterojunction using photolithograph and deep reactive ion etching method to achieve a sensitive (3.4 × 105A/W), fast (23 ms) and broadband (405 nm–1550 nm) response. More interestingly, a bi-directional response photocurrent (positive and negative) has been observed, and the response intensity, speed and direction could adjust by changing gate voltage. The different charges transfer mechanism of positive and negative response of fabricated vertical heterojunction device was explored. What' more, we fabricated 250 × 250 vertical graphene/C 60 film/graphene phototransistors array, which made it possible to realize a large-scale array detection in wide band with all-carbon material. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract As a quasi-one-dimensional material, individual single-walled carbon nanotubes are extensively studied due to their anisotropic electronic, thermal and optical properties. However, despite prior efforts to produce large-scale architectures of aligned nanotubes and related devices, macroscopic manifestations of such properties remain limited. In this work, large monodomain films of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been prepared by self-assembly. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium deoxycholate were simultaneously used as surfactant to disperse self-aligned SWCNTs and then carbon nanotubes films got a high degree of alignment with a maximum LDr of approximately 1.6. Furthermore, SWCNTs-Au heterojunctions photodetectors were fabricated and exhibited the enhanced intrinsic polarization-dependent photocurrent as well as anisotropic conductivities. To improve the device responsivity, hydrazine was used as N-doping material and the detector responsivity up to 292.5 mA/W was obtained with a broadband spectral response spanning the visible (405 nm) to the near-infrared (980 nm), which is much higher than former SWCNTs photodetector. This method presents a potential application of spontaneously aligned SWCNTs for efficient, low-cost, scalable Vis-IR detection with a built-in polarimetry. Graphical abstract Image 1 Our method presents a potential application of spontaneously aligned SWCNTs for efficient, low-cost, scalable Vis-IR detection with a built-in polarimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ZrC-ZrSi 2 -Al 2 O 3 coating system was designed and prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. Densely packed whisker microstructure and alumina-zirconia hypoeutectic were found in the as-prepared coating. The surface oxidation behavior of this composite coating under plasma torch ablation was fully revealed based on the characterizations from macroscopic to microscopic perspectives. After 20 s ablation, the major phases on the coating surface are t-ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , ZrSiO 4 , and ZrSi 2. ZrC-ZrSi 2 whiskers showed good integrity during the ablation process and finally, a dense Zr-Si-O layer was formed in the whisker area. Good coordination between alumina and zirconia is obtained by forming the solid solution and eutectic on the after-ablation coating surface. The as-prepared coating showed promising failure resistance under plasma torch ablation. [Display omitted] • A novel ZrC-ZrSi 2 -Al 2 O 3 coating system was designed for anti-ablation application. • Densely packed whiskers acted as the "skeleton" for the dense Zr-Si-O oxide layer. • Phase and microstructure transitions of alumina-zirconia system during ablation was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The tectonic setting and geodynamic processes of the large-scale Early Cretaceous volcanism in the Great Xing'an Range (GXAR) remain subjects of great debate. The aim of this review is to clarify these issues on the base of a study of previously published geochemical and isotopic data for this region. The compiled data show that the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks were erupted from 145 to 106 Ma, with the main eruptive stage occurring from 130 to 122 Ma. The eruptions in the NE GXAR were generally later than those in the NW GXAR. The compiled geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for the intermediate-basic volcanic rocks indicate a source in a mantle wedge that had been extensively metasomatized by fluids derived from an oceanic slab, whereas the acid rhyolitic rocks suggest multiple sources in a heterogeneous lower crust. Following our discussion of the possible geodynamic setting of this volcanism, we conclude that the large-scale Early Cretaceous volcanic event in the GXAR was dominated by the tectonic regime of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic plate, which broadly controlled the tectonic evolution of eastern Asia during the Mesozoic. We suggest that the rapid closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous resulted in the thickened continental lithosphere overriding at high velocity the cold subducting oceanic slab. These geological conditions, combined with the possible involvement of an oceanic plateau, might have resulted in the flat-slab subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate beneath the Great Xing'an Range between ca. 150 and 140 Ma. Subsequent heating and dehydration of the oceanic slab, and its transition to the eclogite facies, led to the large-scale sinking of the slab and upwelling of the asthenosphere. This model not only explains the development of a broad (˜900-km-wide and ˜1700-km-long) intracontinental volcanic belt that erupted mainly between 130 and 122 Ma but also accounts for the chain of events that followed: a short and significant regional uplift between ca. 150 and 140 Ma, the contemporaneous foreland folding and thrusting, the basin-and-range-type extensional setting of NE China, and a magmatic gap in the northeastern part of the arc during the Early Cretaceous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigate the terahertz transmittance and metal-insulator phase transition properties of M2 phase VO 2 films induced by Cr doping. Firstly, Cr-doped VO 2 films were successfully produced on silicon substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering and then fully characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman shift and SEM tests. These results demonstrate the formation of M2 phase and the effect of Cr doping on composition, crystal structure and surface morphology of VO 2 films. Compared with undoped VO 2 , Cr doping significantly enhances the amplitude modulation in the frequency of phonon-absorption peaks by the suppression of infrared-active phonon modes. More concretely, the amplitude modulation is largely increased from 29.6% to 39.0% at 8.25 THz and from 24.1% to 37.1% at 9.33 THz, respectively. This enhancement strongly contributes to the development of VO 2 -based devices in high THz range. In addition, Cr doped VO 2 films exhibit outstanding metal-insulator phase transition properties with very narrower hysteresis width (8.0 °C) as well as smaller transition sharpness (3.4 °C) than undoped film, which is ascribed to the increase of heterogeneous nucleation site density and the transformation of crystal structure from M1 phase to M2 phase, respectively. This work indicates that VO 2 films with suitable Cr doping concentration have great potential for THz modulation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mie resonance sphere-lens-lithography has proved to be a good candidate for fabrication of large-area tunable surface nanopattern arrays. Different patterns on photoresist surface are obtained theoretically by adjusting optical coupling among neighboring spheres with different gap sizes. The effect of light reflection from the substrate on the pattern produced on the photoresist with a thin thickness is also discussed. Sub-micron hexagonal star-shaped and ring-shaped patterns arrays are achieved with close-packed spheres arrays and spheres arrays with big gaps, respectively. Changing of star-shaped vertices is induced by different polarization of illumination. Experimental results agree well with the simulation. By using smaller resonance spheres, sub-400 nm star-shaped and ring-shaped patterns can be realized. These tunable patterns are different from results of previous reports and have enriched pattern morphology fabricated by sphere-lens-lithography, which can find application in biosensor and optic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report new whole-rock geochemical and zircon U-Pb data for monzogranites in the NE Xing’an block. These data constrained the petrogenesis of C type (high Sr/Y) adakitic rocks and showed the spatial extent of the influence of the Mongol-Okhostsk ocean tectonic regime and the collision between the Jiamusi Massif and Songliao Terrane. New zircon laser-ablation inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb data indicated that the monzogranites in the studied area were emplaced in the Early Jurassic (~180 Ma). These rocks were characterized by unusally high SiO2 (≥67.49), and Sr (461-759 ppm), but strikingly low Y (4.63-8.06 ppm) and HREE (∑HREE = 3.83-6.49 ppm, Yb = 0.5-0.77 ppm) contents, with therefore high Sr/Y (67.2-119) and (La/Yb)N (29.7-41.5) ratios, showing the geochemical characteristics of C type adakitic granite. The data displayed negligible Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.77-1.08), LREE-enriched and pronounced negative Nb and Ta anomalies. The C-type adakites in the studied area were most likely derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower continental curst. The magma source is most likely dominated by amphibolites and garnet amphibolites. In combination with previously-reported data from igneous rocks from the Mesozoic in NE China, we conclude that the Xing’an block was influenced by the Mongol-Okhotsk subduction tectonic system, and experiences compressive settings from the amalgamation of the Jiamusi block in the east of the CAOB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nb-SiC and Nb-SiC-Al system niobium carbide composite coatings were developed in-situ by plasma spraying Nb-SiC and Nb-SiC-Al system composite powders, respectively. As a comparison, NbC-Al 2 O 3 system niobium carbide composite coating was developed ex-situ by plasma spraying NbC-Al 2 O 3 composite powder. The ablation resistance of the three systems of niobium carbide composite coating was evaluated under plasma jet. The results showed that the Nb-SiC and Nb-SiC-Al system coatings developed in-situ have better ablation resistance than NbC-Al 2 O 3 system coating. The microstructure of Nb-SiC and Nb-SiC-Al system coatings after different times of ablation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to investigate the ablation mechanism. The results showed that the surface of the coating of both systems can form Nb 2 O 5 film under ablation conditions to isolate the further penetration of oxygen and heat into the coating. The Al 2 O 3 in the Nb-SiC-Al system coating reacted with Nb 2 O 5 to form AlNbO 4. The formation of AlNbO 4 promoted the densification of Nb 2 O 5 film, so that the Nb 2 O 5 film formed on the surface of the Nb-SiC-Al system coating was uniform and dense, which improved the ability of the coating to resist plasma jet ablation. • Niobium carbide coatings were prepared by plasma spraying three precursor powders. • The niobium carbide coatings developed in-situ showed better ablation resistance. • The Nb 2 O 5 film isolated the penetration of oxygen and heat into the coating. • The formation of AlNbO 4 promoted the densification of Nb 2 O 5 film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal simulation of differently structured linear terahertz detector arrays (TDAs) based on lithium tantalate was performed by finite element analysis (FEA). Simulation results revealed that a relatively simple TDA structure can have good thermal insulation, i.e., low thermal crosstalk effect (TCE), between adjacent pixels, which was thus selected for the real fabrication of TDA sample. Current responsivity ( R i ) of the sample for a 2.52 THz source was measured to be 6.66 × 10 −6 A/W and non-uniformity (NU) of R i was 4.1%, showing good performance of the sample. TCE test result demonstrated that small TCE existed in the sample, which was in good agreement with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the drilling process, the complicated geological environment makes drilling operations more difficult as the drilling depth increases, leading to a greater susceptibility to drilling incidents. The parameters obtained from a drilling incident are usually incomplete and the sample size is small, which is difficult to be used for incident analysis. This paper proposes a new method for the diagnosis of downhole drilling incidents. The drilling data is generated based on an Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks (ACGAN) and an incident diagnosis model is built using the Bayesian network (BN). The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method are proved by the actual case study. Based on historical data, data augmentation is performed using the ACGAN model, and then parameter learning of BN is conducted. The established BN model based on large data samples can be used for the diagnosis of downhole incidents. The precision and F1-score of diagnosis are above 80%. Root cause diagnosis of downhole incidents can be performed by backward inference of Bayesian methods. It can prevent the occurrence of downhole incidents. The results prove the proposed method can diagnose downhole incidents in real time and obtain the causes of downhole incidents. • Generative adversarial network can generate realistic data samples. • A method based on Bayesian network for root cause diagnosis is proposed. • Established a coupling model for downhole incident diagnosis. • Analyzed the impact of the different generator model on the diagnostic accuracy. • The best discrete method for parameter learning of Bayesian network is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium dioxide (VO 2) is a potential candidate in smart window application field owing to its reversible and automatic first-order insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) at 341K which can induce dramatic changes of transmittance in near infrared band through MIT. However, the low T lum (visible light transmittance) below 40% and ΔT sol (solar modulation efficiency) below 10% of pure VO 2 films have severely constrained the practical application in smart windows. In this paper, by etching the VO 2 films fabricated by magnetron sputtering with sodium hydroxide solution, the VO 2 films with improved optical properties were obtained. Specifically, the T lum increased to 42.6% and the ΔT sol decreased to 15.5% for 150 nm VO 2 films after 9 min etching, the T lum increased to 56.4% and the ΔT sol decreased to 12.2% for 150 nm VO 2 films after 12 min etching, respectively, comparing with the unetched film of 150 nm (T lum :16.9%, ΔT sol :16.3%). Furthermore, we synthetically investigated the influences of etching on the IMT properties and molecular structure of the VO 2 films through characterizations such as Raman spectra, XRD, XPS and SEM. The proposed methods represented a facile and cost-effective approach for enhancing thermochromic properties that could promote the application of VO 2 thin films in smart windows. • Optimizing the etching process of vanadium oxide film. • The main mechanism of sodium hydroxide etching vanadium oxide film is figured out by characterization. • Optimized optical properties (T lum : 42.6%, ΔT sol : 15.5% and T lum : 56.4%, ΔT sol : 12.2%) are obtained. • This alkalinity etching method could be an alternative approach to improve the thermochromic properties of VO 2 thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the third-generation topological insulators (TIs), antimony telluride (Sb 2 Te 3) is considered as a prospective candidate for extremely sensitive and broadband photodetectors ascribed to its extremely narrow direct band gap and exotic optical properties. However, due to the ultrafast carrier recombination time and small carrier lifetime of Sb 2 Te 3 , it continues to be an enormous challenge to achieve broadband detection in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region. Here, distinctive broadband photodetectors based on stable and scalable high-quality Sn-catalyzed Sb 0.405 Te 0.595 films grown by physical vapor deposition (PVD) was described, and they were found to be photoconductive and sensitive in the visible light (VL) - MWIR region (405–4500 nm). The optimized responsivity (R i) and specific detectivity (D*) of photodetectors achieved 588 A/W and 6.435 × 108 Jones, respectively. Additionally, these devices exhibit fantastic mechanical flexibility, durability and stability following 200 bending cycles without obvious degradation of photoelectric performance. These excellent properties provide new strategy and insight into the manufacture of high-performance and wearable photodetectors for energy efficient nanoelectronics. Our method presents a potential application of topological insulators based photodetectors with a promising candidate for wearable optoelectronics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the application potential of VO 2 thin film in THz modulation field, only keeping its modulation amplitude is no longer applicable, and the film also needs to have lower phase transition temperature and narrower loop width, etc. In order to solve this problem, and since the high valence ion doping can reduce the phase transition temperature of VO 2 films, the effect of Ta5+ doping on the phase transition performance of VO 2 films is studied and analyzed in this paper. In this work, based on DC reactive magnetron sputtering technology, un-doped and Ta-doped VO 2 films were prepared on high-resistance silicon substrate by two-step method. The microstructure of VO 2 films before and after Ta doping was characterized by XPS, XRD and SEM images to assist the study and analysis of the influence of Ta5+ ions on the crystal phase structure of VO 2. Finally, when the doping concentration of Ta5+ is 0.71%, the phase transition temperature (T C) of VO 2 film decreases to 37.5 °C , the loop width (Δ H) narrows to 1.03 °C , and the optical modulation amplitude is maintained at 64.2%, which makes it more suitable for THz modulator. • The crystallinity of VO 2 films is improved after Ta doping. • The loop width is narrowed to 1.03 °C. • The THz modulation amplitude is maintained at 64.2%. • The phase transition temperature is reduced to 37.5 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated a novel multifunctional wearable electronic device which functions as a pressure sensor, Joule heater, and thermal insulator. • The multifunctional wearable electronic device shows the capability of real-time sensing and self-warming. • Excellent sensing performance with an ultrahigh sensitivity. • Ultralow IR emissivity and superior passive warming effect. Recently, wearable pressure sensors have attracted tremendous attention because of their potential applications in intelligent equipment and flexible electronic. Aside from efficient real-time sensing performances, the wearing experience such as comfort and lightweight are also quite important for human health-care monitoring devices or systems. Effectively regulating radiative heating from human body are of interest for improving thermal comfort with a cost-effective approach. Here, we report a new strategy utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as both pressure sensing layer and infrared reflector for fabricating multifunctional wearable electronic device. The as-fabricated device based on face to face structure shows ultrahigh sensitivity of 5.22×105 kPa−1 at 0–30 kPa, and 6.06×104 kPa−1 at 30−100 kPa, respectively. Meanwhile, both measured spectra and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation results demonstrate that such multifunctional devices present an extreme low IR emissivity of ∼ 20 % as well as outstanding self-warming capability. As a result, it not only shows a passive warming effect of 6 °C over the commercial cotton pieces but also exhibits an outstanding Joule heating effect. This approach will promote the development of multifunctional flexible electronic in personal healthcare, thermal regulation and lightweight body armor applications for effective energy savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Oulongbuluke Block records ca. 1.5–1.45 Ga and ca. 1.1 Ga magmatic and metamorphic events. • The Oulongbuluke Block was a response to the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent. • The Oulongbuluke Block was a response to the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. The Oulongbuluke Block, which is one of several ancient micro-continents on the southeast margin of Tarim in NW China, has been considered a nearly extinct fragment of the Tarim Craton. Here, zircon U-Pb, Lu-Hf isotope, petrologic and geochemical studies were carried out on the migmatites, grey felsic gneisses, mafic granulites and augen granitic gneisses from Wulan County on the eastern margin of the Oulongbuluke Block. Macroscopic and microscopic observations show that the felsic migmatite is mainly composed of plagioclase-rich leucosomes and melanosomes. The plagioclase-rich leucosomes with positive Eu and Sr anomalies occur as layers and veins, showing in situ partial melting features. Zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analyses on the melanosome, grey felsic gneisses, mafic granulites and augen granitic gneisses from the Oulongbuluke Block yield three age populations at 1500–1496 Ma, 1454–1443 Ma and 1113–1104 Ma. The ca. 1.5 Ga magmatic zircon cores of the grey felsic gneiss and melanosome possess ε Hf (t) values between −3.5 and 3.9, with two-stage Hf model ages (T DMC) between 2.4 Ga and 2.0 Ga. The ca. 1.1 Ga zircons from samples of augen granitic gneiss have ε Hf (t) values of −5.2 to 0.5, and the corresponding T DMC values range from 2.2 to 1.9 Ga. Petrological, geochemical and geochronological data suggest that ca. 1.5 Ga magmatic protoliths of grey felsic gneisses were produced by dehydration melting in predominant lower crust setting and experienced metamorphism and anatexis at 1.45 Ga in a rift setting. The precursor magmas of augen granitic gneisses were derived from partial melting of mafic crustal sources in an active continental margin environment. Comparing the tectonothermal events recorded in the Oulongbuluke Block with those in other cratons, the Oulongbuluke Block, Tarim Craton and North China Craton have similar evolutionary histories before the late Mesoproterozoic, suggesting that they were linked together and involved in the assembly and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent. However, the South China Craton, Qilian Block, Oulongbuluke Block, North Qaidam and Tarim Craton were likely temporarily connected during the late Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic (1.1–0.9 Ga), which corresponded to the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, discovery of three-dimensional (3D) topological Dirac/Weyl semi-metal opens up a new frontier fields for neoteric type of photodetectors. As a most representative 3D Dirac semi-metal, Cadmium arsenide (Cd 3 As 2) has ultra-high charge mobility beyond graphene and possess strong light and matter interaction. Herein, photodetector prototype based on micro-nanometer scaled Cd 3 As 2 was developed, which has high photocurrent response even under slight bias of 1 mV and its responsivity could be up to 4.65 A/W at near infrared waveband of 808 nm. Moreover, the Cd 3 As 2 /CuPc heterojunction was further introduced for suppress dark current of Dirac semimetal Cd 3 A 2 nanobelt that would effectively improve photoelectric detection performance. As expected, the responsivity (R) of Cd 3 As 2 /CuPc has been significantly enhanced in visible (405 nm) to near-infrared (980 nm) region, and maximum R and optimal detectivity (D*) of detector can be reach about 142.5 A/W and 7.83 × 1010 Jones under irradiation of 808 nm laser, respectively. All of the results indicate that 3D Dirac semi-metal Cd 3 As 2 and its heterojunction design are great prospect applied in high-performance broadband detection devices. • The high-performance photodetector of Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 nano-belt and heterojunction of Cd 3 As 2 /CuPc were developed and investigated. • The introduction of CuPc is conducive to reducing the dark current of Cd 3 As 2 and improving device performance. • Enhanced performance of Cd 3 As 2 /CuPc is benefited from the reduced noise and improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The petrogenesis of Late Carboniferous A-type granites and Early Cretaceous adakites in NE China offers new insights into the geodynamic evolution of the Paleo-Asian and Paleo-Pacific oceans. This study reports new LA–ICP–MS zircon U Pb ages, geochemical data, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of syenogranites and quartz diorite porphyries exposed on the northern margin of the Songnen Block, NE China. Zircon U Pb age data indicate that the syenogranites and quartz diorite porphyries were emplaced at ca. 319 and 120 Ma, respectively. The syenogranites have high K 2 O contents of 4.15–4.79 wt% and (K 2 O + Na 2 O)/CaO ratios of 33–102, and low MgO (0.06–0.20 wt%) and P 2 O 5 (0.01–0.02 wt%) contents. Their remarkably high HREE contents and Y/Nb ratios (2.07–2.40), significantly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu⁎ = 0.15–0.28), and low Sr contents (29.7–85.8 ppm) indicate that the syenogranites are A-type granites. They have positive zircon ε Hf (t) values of 8.4–12.1 and Neoproterozoic Hf T DM2 ages of 795–561 Ma, suggesting a juvenile lower crustal source. The quartz diorite porphyries have relatively high Na 2 O and MgO, and moderate K 2 O contents. Their A/CNK values (0.95–1.18) indicate a transition from being metaluminous to weakly peraluminous. They are enriched in LILEs (e.g., Rb, K, and Ba) and depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti, and P). Their low Y (11.1–14.4 ppm) and Yb (0.98–1.34 ppm) contents and high Sr (589–1131 ppm), Cr, and Ni contents and Sr/Y ratios indicate that they were generated by partial melting of oceanic crust. Based on these data and regional geological investigations, we propose that the syenogranites on the northern margin of the Songnen Block were formed in a post-collision extensional setting, likely due to closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean between the Xing'an and Songnen blocks. Formation of the Early Cretaceous quartz diorite porphyries may have been triggered by partial melting of the Paleo-Pacific flat slab. Apart from rollback of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic slab, the main reason for the eastward migration of magmatism during the Cretaceous was the trench-ward dehydration, eclogitization, and sinking of the residual Paleo-Pacific flat slab. • A-type granites and adakites were identified in the Songnen Block. • Late Carboniferous A-type granites formed in a post-collisional setting. • Early Cretaceous adakites were derived from an oceanic slab. • A new late Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific Plate evolution model is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-contact gesture recognition and interaction (NGRI) revolutionizes the natural user interface, fundamentally transforming human interactions with daily-use technology. Conventional NGRI systems frequently encounter obstacles such as pronounced latency and environmental disturbances, including humidity or lighting conditions, resulting in compromised system fluidity and robustness. This study highlights the utilization of silicon-based semimetal heterojunction photodetectors for precise gesture recognition and seamless human-machine interaction. Through the application of band alignment theory and sophisticated TCAD simulation, heterojunction barriers are successfully optimized by fine-tuning parameters including Si doping concentration and semimetal thickness. By strategically aligning vertical material growth and implementing vertical heterojunction configuration, a room temperature detector with exceptional sensitivity (specific detectivity (D*): ≈10 11 Jones), ultra-broad spectral range (405-10600 nm), and rapid response time (≈ µs) is achieved. Harnessing its distinguished speed and sensitivity in detecting human infrared radiation, in conjunction with an advanced spatial-temporal comparison algorithm and a multi-channel high-frequency sampling processing design, a NGRI system with low latency, high precision, minimal energy consumption, and versatility across diverse scenarios has been developed. The results pave the way for non-contact sensor design and may further enhance the practicality and user experience of non-contact human-machine interaction systems., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

As ethnic medicine, the whole grass of plants in Cirsium was used as antimicrobial. This review focuses on the antimicrobial activity of plants in Cirsium, including antimicrobial components, against different types of microbes and bacteriostatic mechanism. The results showed that the main antimicrobial activity components in Cirsium plants were flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic acids, and the antimicrobial ability varied according to the species and the content of chemicals. Among them, phenolic acids showed a strong antibacterial ability against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecium. The antibacterial mechanisms include: (1) damaging the cell membrane, cell walls, mitochondria and nucleus of bacteria; (2) inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids; (3) suppressing the synthesis of enzymes for tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways and glycolysis, and then killing the bacteria via inhibition of energy production. Totally, most research results on antimicrobial activity of Cirsium plants are reported based on in vitro assays. The evidence from clinical data and comprehensive evaluation are needed., (© 2024. The Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In recent years, host-guest interactions of macrocycles have attracted much attention as an emerging method for enhancing the intersystem crossing of pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence. In this work, we utilize cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) to specifically recognize synthetic bromophenyl pyridine derivatives (BPCOOH) to construct a highly stable charge-transfer dimer, where the bromophenyl pyridine moiety of BPCOOH is encapsulated by Q[8] in a 1:2 host/guest ratio. The assemblies exhibit specific recognition and detection properties for dodine on both fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra. Subsequently, the solid films were prepared by introducing carboxymethylcellulose sodium into the assemblies, which greatly enhanced its RTP performance by increasing the noncovalent bonding interactions, enabling the visualization of high-strength RTP and quantitative testing of the solid state. Finally, this material was used for the application of portable indicator papers to achieve rapid and visualized detection of dodine in daily life, which provides more possibilities for the potential applications of cucurbit[ n ]uril-based room-temperature phosphorescence material.

Three dimensional topological insulators have a thriving application prospect in broadband photodetectors due to the possessed topological quantum states. Herein, a large area and uniform topological insulator bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ) layer with high crystalline quality is directly epitaxial grown on GaAs(111)B wafer using a molecular beam epitaxy process, ensuring efficient out-of-plane carriers transportation due to reduced interface defects influence. By tiling monolayer graphene (Gr) on the as-prepared Bi 2 Te 3 layer, a Gr/Bi 2 Te 3 /GaAs heterojunction array prototype was further fabricated, and our photodetector array exhibited the capability of sensing ultrabroad photodetection wavebands from visible (405 nm) to mid-infrared (4.5 μm) with a high specific detectivity ( D* ) up to 10 12 Jones and a fast response speed at about microseconds at room temperature. The enhanced device performance can be attributed to enhanced light-matter interaction at the high-quality heterointerface of Bi 2 Te 3 /GaAs and improved carrier collection efficiency through graphene as a charge collection medium, indicating an application prospect of topological insulator Bi 2 Te 3 for fast-speed broadband photodetection up to a mid-infrared waveband. This work demonstrated the potential of integrated topological quantum materials with a conventional functional substrate to fabricate the next generation of broadband photodetection devices for uncooled focal plane array or infrared communication systems in future.

Three different complexes, TMeQ[6]-TBT, Q[7]-TBT, and Q[8]-TBT are constructed by three different cucurbiturils and synthesized by guest melamine-cored Schiff bases (TBT) through outer-surface interaction and host-guest interactions. TBT forms a TMeQ[6]-TBT complex with TMeQ[6] through outer-surface interaction, while Q[7]-TBT and Q[8]-TBT form complexes with Q[7,8] through host-guest interactions. Among them, Q[7]-TBT is selected as a UV detector for the detection of silver ions (Ag + ). This work makes full use of the characteristics of each cucurbituril and melamine-cored Schiff base to construct a series of complexes and these are applied to metal detection., (Copyright © 2021, Gou et al.)

Mechanisms underlying leaf photosynthetic acclimation in winter wheat under elevation of CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of source-sink variation on photosynthetic acclimation induced by drought under elevated [CO 2 ]. A winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. 'Zhengmai 9023') pot experiment was conducted in open top climate chambers with [CO 2 ] of 400μmol·mol -1 or 600 μmol·mol -1 and soil water content at 80%±5% or 55%±5% of field capacity. The parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, electron transport rate, photosynthetic curve, leaf nitrogen content, and grain yield were measured at the elongation and heading stages. Under drought condition, leaf PSⅡ photochemical efficiency was not affected by elevated [CO 2 ], but the maximum electron transport rate and the ratio of electron partitioned to carboxylation reaction in Calvin cycle was increased at the elongation stage, and thus the Rubisco carboxylation rate and maximum photosynthetic rate were increased. Although the maximum electron transportation rate and partitioning ratio of electron to carboxylation reaction in Calvin cycle remained high at the heading stage, the PSⅡ photochemical efficiency, Rubisco carboxylation rate, and triose phosphate utilization rate were decreased by elevated [CO 2 ], which consequently reduced the maximum photosynthetic rate for plant under drought stress. Under drought condition, elevated [CO 2 ] increased wheat tiller biomass, kernel number, and kernel weight per ear, but decreased infertile kernel number, resulting in an overall increase in grain weight. In conclusion, the elevated [CO 2 ]-induced increase in wheat grain yield per tiller under drought condition was mainly caused by enhanced photosynthetic performance at the elongation stage. The photosynthetic acclimation in source leaves during the heading stage under elevated [CO 2 ] was mainly attributed to the reduction in PSⅡ photochemical efficiency and triose phosphate utilization rate, but not to the maximum electron transportation rate, ratio of electron partitioned to carboxylation in Calvin cycle or sink leaf strength.

RORγ is a dual-functional drug target, which involves not only induction of inflammation but also promotion of cancer immunity. The development of agonists of RORγ promoting Th17 cell differentiation could provide a novel mechanism of action (MOA) as an immune-activating anticancer agent. Herein, we describe new 2-(ortho-substituted benzyl)-indole derivatives as RORγ agonists by scaffold hopping based on clinical RORγ antagonist VTP-43742. Interestingly, subtle structural differences of the compounds led to the opposite biological MOA. After rational optimization for structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetic profile, we identified a potent RORγ agonist compound 17 that was able to induce the production of IL-17 and IFNγ in tumor tissues and elicit antitumor efficacy in MC38 syngeneic mouse colorectal tumor model. This is the first comprehensive work to demonstrate the in vivo antitumor efficacy of an RORγ agonist.

Traditional photodetectors usually respond to photons larger than the bandgap of a photosensitive material. In contrast to traditional photodetectors for broad-spectrum detection, the currently reported PbS/PMMA/PbSe CQD silicon-based photodetectors can detect spectrally selective light sources. This is attributed to two layers with specific functions, a filter layer on top and a photosensitive layer in contact with the silicon channel. Each of the target sources of the device has a selectivity factor of more than 10 against non-target sources. The s-PD (selective photodetector) has three significant advantages: the ability to tunably adjust the detectable spectral range by easily adjusting the size of QDs. The second is using a new architecture to achieve a high-performance selective photodetector, and finally, the ease-of-integration with silicon. The above features enable the device to meet the needs of particular fields such as secure communication, surveillance, and infrared imaging.

Engineered spherical micro-lens can manipulate light at sub-wavelength scale and emerges as a promising candidate to extend the focal length and narrow the focal spot size. Here, we report the generation of photonic nanojets (PNJs) with an ultralong working distance and narrowed beam waist by an immersed engineered hemisphere. Simulations show that a two-layer hemisphere of 4.5 µm radius exhibits a PNJ with the working distance of 9.6 µm, full width at half maximum of 287 nm, and length of 23.37 λ, under illumination of a plane wave with a 365 nm wavelength. A geometrical optics analysis indicated that the formed PNJ behind the immersed two-layer hemisphere results from the convergence of light of the outer-hemisphere fringe area, which refracts into and passes through the outer hemisphere and then directly leaves the outer-hemisphere flat surface. Thus the embedded hemisphere is comparable to an immersed focusing lens with high numerical aperture, which can promise both long working distance and narrowed beam waist. This is further demonstrated with the corresponding embedded-engineered single-layer hemisphere, whose spherical face is partly cut parallel to the hemispherical flat surface. In addition, the hemisphere is compatible with adjacent laser wavelengths. Finally, a spot size smaller than 0.5 λ is demonstrated in the lithography simulation. Due to these hemispheres low cost, they have potential in far-field lithography for pattern arrays with line width less than 0.5 λ.

In order to enhance the refractive index sensing performance of simple particle arrays, a structure, consisting of Au/SiO 2 triangle arrays layers and reflection Au substrate, with increasing size and lengthening tips of triangles, is studied. The triangle arrays are modeled after an experimentally realizable "imprint" of microsphere lithography. Numerical calculation was carried out to study its optical properties and spectral sensitivity. The calculation results show that a large local enhancement of electric field (61 times) and simultaneously high absorption is due to combination of the resonance absorption of Au triangle disks, plasmonic couplings between the Au triangle disks and the Au film, and the high-density packing of triangle disks. The absorption peaks were not detuned when the gap between neighboring tips of the triangles varied from 10 to 50 nm. When the thickness of SiO 2 layer increased from 10 to 50 nm, the absorption peak shifted to longer wavelengths and the amplitude rises quickly signaling the dominance of the gap mode resonance between the two Au layers. As the thickness of the top Au layer varies from 10 to 50 nm, the absorption peak is also red shifted and the peak amplitude increases. The full width at half maximum of the peaks for high absorption (> 90%) is about 5 nm. When fixing the gap, the thicknesses of Au/SiO 2 triangle layer, and increasing the surrounding refractive index from 1.33 to 1.36, the absorption peaks shifted quickly, with a refractive index sensitivity and figure of merit as high as 660 nm per refractive index unit and 132, respectively. Such arrays can be easily fabricated by using microsphere array as projection masks and find application in refractive index monitoring of liquid and identification of gas and liquid phases.

Bolometer sensor is a good candidate for THz imaging due to its compact system, low cost, and wideband operation. Based on infrared microbolometer structures, two kinds of antenna-coupled microbridge structures are proposed with different spiral antennas: spiral antenna on support layer and spiral antenna with extended legs. Aiming at applications in detection and imaging, simulations are carried out mainly for optimized absorption at 2.52 THz, which is the radiation frequency of far-infrared CO 2 lasers. The effects of rotation angle, line width, and spacing of the spiral antenna on THz wave absorption of microbridge structures are discussed. Spiral antenna, with extended legs, is a good solution for high absorption rate at low absorption frequency and can be used as electrode lead simultaneously for simplified manufacturing process. A spiral antenna-coupled microbridge structure with an absorption rate of more than 75% at 2.52 THz is achieved by optimizing the structure parameters. This research demonstrates the use of different spiral antennas for enhanced and tunable THz absorption of microbridge structures and provides an effective way to fabricate THz microbolometer detectors with great potential in the application of real-time THz imaging.

Junenol based-eudesmanolides have been detected in many compositae plant species and were reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities. So far, the gene encoding junenol synthase has never been isolated. Here we report the molecular cloning and functional analysis of a 10-epi-junenol synthase from Inula hupehensis (designated IhsTPS1). IhsTPS1 converts the substrate farnesyl diphosphate into multiple sesquiterpenes with the product 10-epi-junenol being predominant. The transcript levels of IhsTPS1 correlate well with the accumulation pattern of 10-epi-junenol in I. hupehensis organs, supporting its biochemical roles in vivo., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Stable green light emission and high efficiency organic devices with three polymer layers were fabricated using bis[2-(4'-tert-butylphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole-N,C²'] iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) doped in blended host materials. The 1 wt% doping concentration showed maximum luminance of 7841 cd/cm² at 25.6 V and maximum current efficiency of 9.95 cd/A at 17.2 V. The electroluminescence spectra of devices indicated two main peaks at 522 nm and 554 nm coming from phosphor dye and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 116 nm. The characteristics of using blended host, doping iridium complex, emission spectrum, and power efficiency of organic devices were investigated.

Objective: To isolate Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) from mosquitoes collected in Liaoning province and analysis the genotype of new isolated JEV strains and the characters of nucleotide and amino acid in the E gene., Methods: Collected mosquitoes in Dandong Liaoning Province in August, 2006. Virus isolation was using issue culture cells. Isolated viruses were identified by using serological and molecular methods., Results: Two new JEV strains, LNDG07-02 and LNDG07-16, were isolated from 1500 mosquitoes were belonging to genotype 1. The identity of nucleotide and amino acid of E gene between new JEV strains and live attenuated vaccine strain SA14-14-2 were 87.8-88% and 97.2%, respectively. Total 11 amino acid sites were differences in E gene between new isolates and SA14-14-2. However, there were no differentiation between the new JEV strains and the isolates in Donggang 2002., Conclusion: Genotype 1 JEV was isolated again from Donggang, since the first isolation of this genotype in 2002. Genotype 1 JEV continues in existence in Donggang Liaoning Province.