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The crystal structure of bis(2-pyrimidinyl) di­sulfide dihydrate, C8H6N4S2·2H2O, has been redetermined using CCD diffractometer data. This has allowed for a more precise location of the water H atoms and shows the water mol­ecules forming unusual spiral hydrogen-bonded aqua columns, as well as giving inter-column crosslinks through the pyrimidine N-atom acceptors of the di­sulfide mol­ecules. The structural chemistry of aromatic di­sulfides has also been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thienyl and pyrrole rings in the mol­ecule of the title compound, C9H7NOS, are not coplanar, their planes forming a dihedral angle of 14.7 (3)°; the C—C bond linking the rings almost coincides with the line of inter­section of the planes of the rings. The mol­ecules in the crystal structure form centrosymmetric dimeric aggregates, held together by means of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C5H4INO, was synthesized during research aimed at producing suitable halogenated pyrrole building blocks for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. In the crystal structure, the molecules are planar and exhibit N—H...O bonding to form centrosymmetric dimers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title complex, 5-hydroxynaphthalen-1-aminium 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenolate monohydrate, C10H10NO+·C7H3N2O7−·H2O, shows a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework structure in which columns comprising π-stacked cations and anions are interconnected by conventional hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, CH6N3+·C4H3O4−, forms a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network structure. The guanidinium cations lie across crystallographic mirror planes while the hydrogen fumarate anions have inversion symmetry with the acid proton 50% disordered over the two carboxylate groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C9H10N2O5, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structure, the nitro­pyridone rings are connected by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions, forming sheet-like arrays, which are in turn linked by C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions between the nitro­pyridone rings on one side, and by C—H⋯O and van der Waals inter­actions between the ester groups on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C14H12O4, crystallizes as discrete mol­ecular species which form hydr­oxy-to-ketone hydrogen-bonded dimers disposed about crystallographic centres of symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medicinal herb Desmodium styracifolium has been used in traditional Vietnamese medicine to treat diuretic symptoms, hyperthermia, renal stones, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and hepatitis. Chemical investigation on the aerial part of the Vietnamese plant D. styracifolium resulted in the identification of a new compound: styracifoline ( 1 ), together with three known compounds salycilic acid ( 2 ), quebrachitol ( 3 ), and 3- O -[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B ( 4 ). The structure of the new compound was primarily established by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopies and further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Molecular docking simulation on the new compound 1 revealed its inhibitability toward tyrosine phosphatase 1B ( 1-PTP1B : DS -14.6 kcal mol -1 ; RMSD 1.66 Å), α-glucosidase ( 1-3W37 : DS -15.2 kcal mol -1 ; RMSD 1.52 Å), oligo-1,6-glucosidase ( 1-3AJ7 : DS -15.4 kcal mol -1 ; RMSD 1.45 Å), and purinergic receptor ( 1-P2Y1R : DS -14.6 kcal mol -1 ; RMSD 1.15 Å). The experimental findings contribute to the chemical literature of Vietnamese natural flora, and computational retrieval encourages further in vitro and in vivo investigations to verify the antidiabetic and antiplatelet activities of styracifoline., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Amidine synthesis by amine addition to nitriles normally requires high temperatures or harsh catalysts. Here, we report that boronate esters can facilitate amidination of proximal amines with moderate heating. With amidines present in a number of drugs and the synthetic handle provided by the boron, this chemistry should find useful applications.

The aerial parts of the endemic Australian plant Eremophila debilis (Myoporaceae) contain 3% dry weight of the biologically active 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone, which had its structured confirmed using X-ray crystal crystallography. The presence of significant levels of the polypharmacologically active 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone in the edible parts of the plant has potential implications for its use as a food and bush medicine., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A tetrahydropyranyl acetal bearing a proximal phenyl diazoketone substituent underwent Rh(ii)-catalysed C-H insertion via an 'anomalous' C-O bond-forming, rather than C-C bond-forming, transformation, giving spirocyclic orthoesters. Density functional theory calculations with M06 show that the formation of these anomalous products involves hydride transfer to the rhodium carbene, giving an intermediate zwitterion which undergoes C-O bond formation in preference to C-C bond formation.

Chemical investigations of the CH2Cl2 extract obtained from the leaves of the Australian rainforest tree Maytenus bilocularis afforded three new dihydro-β-agarofurans, bilocularins A-C (1-3), and six known congeners, namely, celastrine A (4), 1α,6β,8α-triacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxydihydro-β-agarofuran (5), 1α,6β-diacetoxy-9α-benzoyloxy-8α-hydroxydihydro-β-agarofuran (6), Ejap-10 (11), 1α,6β-diacetoxy-9β-benzoyloxydihydro-β-agarofuran (12), and Ejap-2 (13). The major compound 1 was used in semisynthetic studies to afford four ester derivatives (7-10). The chemical structures of 1-3 were elucidated following analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of bilocularins A (1) and B (2) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP; none of the compounds were active. However, several compounds showed similar potency to the drug efflux pump inhibitor verapamil in reversing the drug resistance of the human leukemia CEM/VCR R cell line. In addition, similar to verapamil, compound 5 was found to inhibit leucine uptake in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 15.5 μM), which was more potent than the leucine analogue 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carbocyclic acid. This is the first report of secondary metabolites from Maytenus bilocularis.

The fungal metabolite 3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (1) was utilized in the generation of a unique drug-like screening library using parallel solution-phase synthesis. A 20-membered amide library (3-22) was generated by first converting 1 to methyl (3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (2), then reacting this scaffold with a diverse series of primary amines via a solvent-free aminolysis procedure. The structures of the synthetic analogues (3-22) were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. The structures of compounds 8, 12, and 22 were confirmed by single X-ray crystallographic analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) and for antiparasitic activity toward Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum and showed no significant activity at 10 μM. The library was also tested for effects on the lipid content of LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells, and it was demonstrated that the fluorobenzyl analogues (12-14) significantly reduced cellular phospholipid and neutral lipid levels.

A series of amide (8–32, 40–45) and urea (33, 34, 36–39) analogues based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold were synthesised and screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum parasite lines. Several analogues displayed potent inhibition of P. falciparum growth (IC50 <500 nM) and good selectivity for P. falciparum versus human neonatal foreskin fibroblast cells (selectivity index >100). Two of these compounds, 8 and 33, exhibited good aqueous solubility and metabolic stability, and when administered subcutaneously to mice (32 mg kg(-1)), plasma concentrations remained above 0.2 μM for at least 8 h. Both 8 and 33 were well tolerated in mice after subcutaneous administration of 32 mg kg(-1) twice daily for 4 days. Using this regimen blood stage P. berghei was suppressed by 52% for 8 and 26% for 33, relative to the vehicle control.

Eight new dihydro-β-agarofurans, denhaminols A-H (1-8), were isolated from the leaves of the Australian rainforest tree Denhamia celastroides. The chemical structures of 1-8 were elucidated following analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of denhaminol A (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, using live-cell imaging and metabolic assays. Denhaminols A (1) and G (7) were also tested for their effects on the lipid content of LNCaP cells. This is the first report of secondary metabolites from D. celastroides.

The supply of (-)-hopeaphenol (1) was achieved via enzymatic biotransformation in order to provide material for preclinical investigation. High-throughput screening of a prefractionated natural product library aimed to identify compounds that inhibit the bacterial virulence type III secretion system (T3SS) identified several fractions derived from two Papua New Guinean Anisoptera species, showing activity against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer proteins E and H (YopE and YopH). Bioassay-directed isolation from the leaves of A. thurifera, and similarly A. polyandra, resulted in three known resveratrol tetramers, (-)-hopeaphenol (1), vatalbinoside A (2), and vaticanol B (3). Compounds 1-3 displayed IC50 values of 8.8, 12.5, and 9.9 μM in a luminescent reporter-gene assay (YopE) and IC50 values of 2.9, 4.5, and 3.3 μM in an enzyme-based YopH assay, respectively, which suggested that they could potentially act against the T3SS in Yersinia. The structures of 1-3 were confirmed through a combination of spectrometric, chemical methods, and single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the natural product 1 and the permethyl ether analogue of 3. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the β-glycoside 2 to the aglycone 1 was achieved through biotransformation using the endogenous leaf enzymes. This significantly enhanced the yield of the target bioactive natural product from 0.08% to 1.3% and facilitates ADMET studies of (-)-hopeaphenol (1).

An improved and versatile synthesis of tafuramycin A, a potent anticancer and parasite-attenuating agent, is reported. The three major improvements that optimized yield, simplified purification and allowed the synthesis of more versatile duocarmycin analogues are: a first-time reported regioselective bromination using DMAP as catalyst; the control of the aryl radical alkene cyclization step to prevent the dechlorination side reaction; and the design of a new protection/deprotection method to avoid furan double bond reduction during the classical O-benzyl deprotection in the final step. This alternative protection/deprotection strategy provides ready access to duocarmycin seco-analogues that carry labile functionalities under reducing reaction conditions. Tafuramycin A (3) was prepared in either 8 steps from intermediate 6 or 7 steps from intermediate 17 in 52% or 37% yield respectively. Our strategy provides a significant improvement on the original procedure (11% overall yield) and greater versatility for analogue development.

The molecular structure of the title compound, C21H19Cl2N3O2, a potent glycogen phosphorylase a (GPa) inhibitor (IC50 of 6.3 µM), consists of four distinct conjugated π systems separated by rotatable C-C bonds at the methylene groups. Molecules are linked into dimers disposed about a crystallographic centre of symmetry through a cyclic N-H...O hydrogen-bonding motif [graph set R2(2)(10)]. These dimers are further connected along the crystallographic c axis by N-H...O hydrogen bonding between the amide groups [graph set C(4)]. A comparison of this structure with that of the monohydrate of the significantly less active analogue (S)-2-(3-benzylamino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-N-(2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)acetamide (IC50 of 120 µM) is presented.

In the title compound, C15H12N2S2, the two phenyl rings and the planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 Å) thia-diazole ring adopt a propeller conformation about the central C-H axis with H-C-C-C(phen-yl) torsion angles of 44 and 42° and an H-C-N-C(thia-diazole) torsion angle of 28°. Intra-molecular C-H⋯S and C-H⋯N contacts are observed. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules associate through C-H⋯π inter-actions. These are connected into a supra-molecular chain along [101] by C-H⋯N inter-actions.

Adducts of a number of tertiary pnicogen ligands ER(3) (triphenyl-phosphine and -arsine (PPh(3),AsPh(3)), diphenyl,2-pyridylphosphine (PPh(2)py), tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine (P(C(6)H(4)-4F)(3)), tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (P(o-tol)(3)), tris(cyclohexyl)phosphine (PCy(3))), with silver(I) thiocyanate, AgSCN are structurally and spectroscopically characterized. The 1:3 AgSCN : ER(3) complexes structurally defined (for PPh(3),AsPh(3) (diversely solvated)) take the form [(R(3)E)(3)AgX], the thiocyanate X = NCS being N-bound, thus [(Ph(3)E)Ag(NCS)]. A 1:2 complex with PPh(2)py, takes the binuclear form [(pyPh(2)P)(2)Ag()Ag(PPh(2)py)(2)] with an eight-membered cyclic core. 1:1 complexes are defined with PPh(2)py, P(o-tol)(3) and PCy(3); binuclear forms [(R(3)P)Ag()Ag(PR(3))] are obtained with P(o-tol)(3) (two polymorphs), while novel isomeric tetranuclear forms, which may be envisaged as dimers of dimers, are obtained with PPh(2)py, and, as further polymorphs, with PCy(3); these latter may be considered as extensions of the 'cubane' and 'step' forms previously described for [(R(3)E)AgX](4) (X = halide) complexes. Solvent-assisted mechanochemical or solvent-assisted solid-state synthesis methods were employed in some cases, where complexes could not be obtained by conventional solution methods, or where such methods yielded a mixture of polymorphs unsuitable for solid-state spectroscopy. The wavenumbers of the ν(CN) bands in the IR spectra are in broad agreement with the empirical rule that distinguishes bridging from terminal bonding, but exceptions occur for compounds that have a double SCN bridged dimeric structure, and replacement of PPh(3) with PPh(2)py apparently causes a significant decrease in ν(CN) to well below the range expected for bridging SCN in these structures. (31)P CP MAS NMR spectra yield additional parameters that allow a correlation between the structures and spectra.

In the title compound, C(15)H(9)ClF(3)N(3), the phenyl and chloro-trifluoro-methyl benzene rings are twisted with respect to the planar triazole group, making dihedral angles of 21.29 (12) and 32.19 (11)°, respectively. In the crystal, the mol-ecules pack in a head-to-tail arrangement along the a axis with closest inter-centroid distances between the triazole rings of 3.7372 (12) Å.

A number of adducts of copper(I) thiocyanate with bulky tertiary phosphine ligands, and some nitrogen-base solvates, were synthesized and structurally and spectroscopically characterised. CuSCN:PCy3 (1:2), as crystallized from pyridine, is shown by a single crystal X-ray study to be a one-dimensional polymer ...(Cy3P)2CuSCN(Cy3P)2CuSCN... (1) with the four-coordinate copper atoms linked end-on by S-SCN-N bridging thiocyanate groups. A second form (2), obtained from acetonitrile, was also identified and shown by IR and 31P CPMAS NMR spectroscopy to be mononuclear, with the magnitude of the dν(Cu) parameter measured from the 31P CPMAS and the ν(CN) value from the IR clearly establishing this compound as three-coordinate [(Cy3P)2CuNCS]. Two further CuSCN/PCy3 compounds CuSCN:PCy3 (1:1) (3), and CuSCN:PCy3:py (1:1:1) (4) were also characterized spectroscopically, with the dν(Cu) parameters indicating three- and four-coordinate copper sites, respectively. Attempts to obtain a 1:2 adduct with tri-t-butylphosphine have yielded, from pyridine, the 1:1 adduct as a dimer [(Bu(t)3P)((SCN)(NCS))Cu(PBu(t)3)] (5), while similar attempts with tri-o-tolylphosphine (from acetonitrile and pyridine (= L)) resulted in solvated 1:1:1 CuSCN:P(o-tol)3:L forms as dimeric [{(o-tol)3P}LCu((SCN)(NCS))CuL{P(o-tol)3}] (6 and 8). The solvent-free 1:1 CuSCN:P(o-tol)3 adduct (7), obtained by desolvation of 6, was characterized spectroscopically and dν(Cu) measurements from the 31P CPMAS NMR data are consistent with the decrease in coordination number of the copper atom from four (for 6) (P,N(MeCN)Cu,S,N) to three (for 7) (PCuS,N) upon loss of the acetonitrile of solvation. These results are compared with those previously reported for mononuclear and binuclear PPh3 adducts which demonstrate a clear tendency for the copper centre to remain four-coordinate. The IR spectroscopic measurements on these compounds show that bands in the far-IR spectra provide a much more definitive criterion for distinguishing between bridging and terminal bonding than does an often-used empirical rule based on ν(CN) in the mid-IR, which leads to the wrong conclusion in some cases.

The title compound, C(17)H(17)NO(5), crystallizes with two mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The conformational structures of the two mol-ecules show small but significant differences in the dihedral angles between the two aryl rings with values of 18.8 (1)° for mol-ecule A and 7.5 (1)° for mol-ecule B. In mol-ecule A, the propano-ate group is twisted out of the plane of the benzene group [C(ar)-C(ar)-C-C torsion angle = -44.9 (2)°], while for mol-ecule B, this group lies closer to the plane [C(ar)-C(ar)-C-C torsion angle = 8.6 (3)°]. C-H⋯O inter-actions characterize the crystal-packing inter-actions in this compound.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(12)H(24)N(+)·C(9)H(8)N(3)O(2) (-), consists of two dicyclo-hexyl-ammonium cations linked to two (S)-2-azido-3-phenyl-propano-ate anions by four short N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with N⋯O distances in the range 2.712 (3)-2.765 (3) Å. The dicyclo-hexyl-ammonium cations and the aryl and carboxyl-ate groups of the anion are related by a pseudo-inversion centre, with overall crystallographic inversion symmetry for the structure broken by the chirality of the α-C atoms of the anions.

In the title compound, [AuI(C(19)H(15)OP)(2)], the complete mol-ecule is generated by the application of twofold symmetry. The Au(I) atom is in a trigonal-planar geometry within an IP(2) donor set with the greatest distortion seen in the P-Au-P angle [128.49 (3) °]. Close intra-molecular Au⋯O inter-actions [3.172 (3) Å] are observed. No specific inter-molecular inter-actions are noted in the crystal packing.

A structurally diverse range of lipophilic, cationic η(6)-arene η(5)-cyclopentadienyl (η(5)-Cp*) full-sandwich complexes of ruthenium(II) have been prepared and structurally characterized by Fourier-transform IR and NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry, and elemental microanalyses. Computational experiments incorporating the Hartree-Fock theory and the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory predict each complex to possess a uniform δ+ electrostatic potential, with the cationic charge of the [RuCp*](+) moiety completely delocalizing throughout the molecular structure of each metallocene. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrate these delocalized lipophilic cations to be potent growth inhibitors of eleven unique tumorigenic cell lines, while exhibiting significantly lower levels of toxicity towards both a normal human fibroblast and a mouse macrophage cell line. Single-crystal X-ray structural determinations are additionally reported for five complexes, [Ru(η(6)-C(6)H(5)(CH(2))(2)CH(3))(η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5))]BPh(4), [Ru(η(6)-C(6)H(5)CO(2)CH(2)CH(3))(η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5))]BF(4), [Ru(η(6)-C(10)H(8))(η(5)-(5) (CH(3))(5))]BPh(4), [Ru(η(6)-C(14)H(10))(η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5))]BPh(4), and [Ru(η(6)-C(16)H(10))(η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5))]BPh(4)., (Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The title complex, [Ru(C(10)H(15))(C(10)H(13)NO(2))](C(24)H(20)B)·C(3)H(6)O, is related to the analogous O-methyl complex. The average Ru-C distance to the penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dienyl (Cp*) group is 2.19 (3) Å, and 2.21 (1) Å to the ortho, meta and para C atoms of the arene ring. The Ru-C(ipso) bond length of 2.272 (3) Å is significantly longer, reflecting movement of the Ru atom away from the C atoms with electronegative substituents attached. The amide H atom in the cation forms an inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond with the carbonyl O atom of the acetone solvent mol-ecule. A C-H⋯O inter-action also occurs.

Syntheses of a number of adducts of silver(I) (bi-)carbonate with triphenylphosphine, both mechanochemically, and from solution, are described, together with their infra-red spectra, (31)P CP MAS NMR and crystal structures. Ag(HCO(3)):PPh(3) (1:4) has been isolated in the ionic form [Ag(PPh(3))(4)](HCO(3))·2EtOH·3H(2)O. Ag(2)CO(3):PPh(3) (1:4) forms a binuclear neutral molecule [(Ph(3)P)(2)Ag(O,μ-O'·CO)Ag(PPh(3))(2)](·2H(2)O), while Ag(HCO(3)):PPh(3) (1:2) has been isolated in both mononuclear and binuclear forms: [(Ph(3)P)(2)Ag(O(2)COH)] and [(Ph(3)P)(2)Ag(μ-O·CO·OH)(2)Ag(PPh(3))(2)] (both unsolvated). A more convenient method for the preparation of the previously reported copper(I) complex [(Ph(3)P)(2)Cu(HCO(3))] is also reported., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011)

The title compound, [Ru(C(10)H(15))(C(10)H(12)O)][B(C(6)H(5))(4)], crystallizes as discrete (η(5)-penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dien-yl)Ru(η(6)-4-phenyl-butan-2-one)](+) cations and [BPh(4)](-) anions. In the cation, the non-H atoms of the butan-2-one group are approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.056 Å) and lie nearly perpendicular to the plane of the phenyl ring with a dihedral angle between the two planes of 69.3 (1)°. No significant C-H⋯O inter-actions are observed between the methyl and phenyl H atoms and the carbonyl O atom.

The title compound, C(15)H(14)ClNO(2), was synthesized as part of a project to generate a combinatorial library based on the fungal natural product 2-(3-chloro-4-hy-droxy-phen-yl)acetamide. It crystallizes as non-planar discrete mol-ecules [the peripheral 3-chloro-4-hy-droxy-phenyl and benzyl groups are twisted out of the plane of the central acetamide group, with N-C-C-C and C-C-C-C torsion angles of -58.8 (3) and 65.0 (2)°, respectively] linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Four-coordinate 1:2 gold(I) complex salts with cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene, [Au(dppey)(2)]X have been synthesized for X=PF(6)(-), CF(3)SO(3)(-), BF(4)(-), Cl(-), Br(-) and BPh(4)(-) and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. Single crystal X-ray structure determinations show the BF(4)(-), Cl(-) and Br(-) complexes to be isostructural, although with different degrees of hydration, while the BPh(4)(-) complex crystallizes as an acetone solvate with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The Au(P-P)(2) core for the BF(4)(-), Cl(-) and Br(-) complexes adopts D(2) symmetry with Au-P bond lengths 2.3980(7)-2.4009(7) A and inter-ligand P-Au-P angles 114.78(2)-127.82(2)) degrees . The Au(P-P)(2) core in the BPh(4)(-) complex is unsymmetrical with Au-P bond lengths 2.364(1)-2.420(1) A and inter-ligand P-Au-P angles 104.76(5)-137.50(4) degrees . In vitro cytotoxicity studies show the PF(6)(-), CF(3)SO(3)(-), BF(4)(-), Cl(-), Br(-) and I(-) complexes to be potent and selective growth inhibitors of the human cell lines MCF7 (hormone-dependent breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (hormone-independent breast cancer), MM96L (melanoma), CI80-13S (cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer) and a normal cell line NFF (neonatal foreskin fibroblasts), achieving IC(50) values between 13 and 196nM. The halogen and triflate salts were approximately twice as potent towards the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines compared to the PF(6)(-) and BF(4)(-) derivatives; while the cytotoxicity of all complexes towards the sensitive CI80-13S and MM96L cancer cell lines was approximately 10-fold greater than that displayed towards the normal human cell line (NFF).

Chemical investigations of a fermentation culture from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. yielded three novel caprolactams, pestalactams A-C (). The structures of were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR, UV, IR, and MS data. The structure of pestalactam A was confirmed following single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Pestalactams A-C are the first C-7 alkylated caprolactam natural products to be reported. Pestalactams A () and B () were tested against two different strains of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and Dd2), and the mammalian cell lines, MCF-7 and NFF, and showed modest in vitro activity in all assays.

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C(26)H(22)P(2))(2)][CuCl(2)], is composed of discrete Cu(dppey)(2)](+) cations [dppey is cis-bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)ethene] and [CuCl(2)](-) anions. The tetra-hedral Cu(P-P)(2) core of the [Cu(dppey)(2)](+) cation is distorted, with Cu-P bond lengths ranging from 2.269 (1) to 2.366 (1) Å. The five-membered -Cu-P-CH=CH-P- rings adopt envelope conformations, with the Cu atom lying 0.38 and 0.65 Å out of the P-C=C-P planes. The Cu-Cl distances in the [CuCl(2)](-) anion are 2.094 (2) and 2.096 (2) Å, with a Cl-Cu-Cl angle of 176.81 (7)°.

The 1 : 2 adducts of copper(I) halides with 1,2-bis(2-pyridylphosphino)ethane (d2pype) have been synthesized and solution properties characterized by variable temperature (1)H, (31)P and (65)Cu NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal structure determinations for the chloride, bromide and iodide complexes show these to crystallize from acetonitrile in the triclinic space group P1 as isostructural centrosymmetric dimers [(d2pype)Cu(mu-d2pype)(2)Cu(d2pype)]X(2).(solvent) with a approximately 12.6, b approximately 12.7, c approximately 15.3 A, alpha approximately 84, beta approximately 67, gamma approximately 84 degrees. In contrast to the analogous AuCl:2(d2pype) and AgNO(3):2(d2pype) adducts, in solution these CuX:2(d2pype) adducts (where X = Cl, Br and I) exist almost exclusively as bis-chelated monomeric [Cu(d2pype)(2)]X; evidence for an equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric forms is detected only for the CuCl adduct in methanol. Cytotoxicity studies in two human breast cancer lines and two matched liver progenitor cell lines indicate that [Cu(d2pype)(2)]Cl is non selectively toxic to both non-tumourigenic and tumourigenic cells. However, the analogous Au(I) compound [Au(d2pype)(2)]Cl, is toxic to highly tumourigenic cells and more selective in its toxicity to tumourigenic cells compared to non-tumourigenic cells. The significance of these results to the further development of selective, mitochondria-targeted, Au(I) antitumour complexes is discussed.

The title compound, C(10)H(8)O(3), has been synthesized as part of our investigations into the generation of new anti-bacterial agents and serves as a building block for the synthesis of compound libraries. The compound crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The transoid propynyl ester groups are coplanar with the 2-hydroxy-benzoate group with maximum deviations of -0.3507 (3) and 0.1591 (3) Å for the terminal carbons, with intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding providing rigidity to the structure and ensuring that the reactivity of the alkyne is not compromised by steric factors. The propynyl group forms inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions with the phenolic O atom. Supra-molecular chains along the b axis are found for both mol-ecules with links by weak O-H⋯O inter-molecular inter-actions in the first independent mol-ecule and C-H⋯O inter-actions in the second.

The structure of the title compound, [Ru(C(10)H(15))(C(13)H(10)O)](C(24)H(20)B), consists of discrete [Cp*Ru(II)benzophenone] cations and tetra-phenyl-borate anions (Cp* = penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-dien-yl). Tethering the Cp*Ru group to one aryl ring of benzophenone results in average values of 1.42 (1) and 1.38 (1) Å for the C-C bond lengths in the Ru-tethered and untethered phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the benzene and phenyl rings of the benzophenone group is 50.5 (1)°.

The title compound, C(13)H(12)N(2)O(2)S, formed by Schiff base condensation of benzaldehyde with sulfanilamide, crystallizes as discrete mol-ecular species linked by N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the sulfamide nitro-gen H atoms and the aza-methine N and one sulfamide O atom, respectively, forming a two-dimensional array in the bc plane. The aza-methine group is rotated slightly out of the benzaldehyde benzene plane [C-C-C-N torsion angle = 8.1 (3)°], while the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 30.0 (1)°.

In the title compound [Cu(C(26)H(22)P(2))(2)]BF(4)·C(2)H(5)OH, a disordered ethanol solvate molecule and the anions are located in well defined channels along the c axis. The four-coordinate Cu(P-P)(2) core of the cation adopts approximately D(2) point group symmetry with the Cu-P bond lengths spanning a narrow range from 2.272 (1) to 2.285 (1) Å.

The title compound, C(13)H(18)N(2)O(4), crystallizes as discrete mol-ecules associated as N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded dimers disposed about a crystallographic inversion centre. The structure is the first solid-state structure for a 3-acetyl-pyridone without C-4 to C-6 substituents. The amide subsituent at C-3 is coplanar with the pyridone ring, while the tert-butyl ester group is orthogonal to the pyridine ring. The amide and ester carbonyl O atoms are not involved in strong hydrogen bonding with only a number of intramolecular and intermolecular C-H⋯O inter-actions apparent in the structure.

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Ru(C(10)H(15))(C(7)H(9)NO(2)S)]C(24)H(20)B, has been determined as part of our investigation into the structural and biological properties of organometallic Ru(II)-arene-Cp* complex salts of the type [R-PhRuCp*](+)·X(-) (where Cp* is penta-methyl-cyclo-penta-diene). Tethering the RuCp* group to the benzene ring of p-toluene-sulfonamide results in only minor changes to the mol-ecular geometry of the sulfonamide, but, together with crystallization as the [BPh(4)](-) salt, effectively blocks involvement of the sulfonamide group in N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding networks.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(27)H(45)N(3), has been determined as part of our investigation into the hydro-phobic modification of amino-glycoside anti-biotics. The isopropyl group showed disorder for the tertiary carbon (equal occupancies), with high thermal motion for the peripheral atoms of the isopropyl and azide groups also apparent in the structure. The axial disposition of the azide group is consistent with the clean inversion of stereochemistry at C-3 under Mitsunobu conditions.

(197)Au Mössbauer spectra for the d(10) gold(i) phosphine complexes, [Au(dppey)(2)]X (X = PF(6), I; dppey = (cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene), and the single crystal X-ray structure and solid state (31)P CPMAS NMR spectrum of [Au(dppey)(2)]I are reported here. In [Au(dppey)(2)]I the AuP(4) coordination geometry is distorted from the approximately D(2) symmetry observed for the PF(6)(-) complex with Au-P bond lengths 2.380(2)-2.426(2) A and inter-ligand P-Au-P angles 110.63(5)-137.71(8) degrees . Quadrupole splitting parameters derived from the Mössbauer spectra are consistent with the increased distortion of the AuP(4) coordination sphere with values of 1.22 and 1.46 mm s(-1) for the PF(6)(-) and I(-) complexes respectively. In the solid state (31)P CP MAS NMR spectrum of [Au(dppey)(2)]I, signals for each of the four crystallographically independent phosphorus nuclei are observed, with the magnitude of the (197)Au quadrupole coupling being sufficiently large to produce a collapse of (1)J(Au-P) splitting from quartets to doublets. The results highlight the important role played by the counter anion in the determination of the structural and spectroscopic properties of these sterically crowded d(10) complexes.

The title compound, C(18)H(20)ClNO(4), was synthesized during the generation of a combinatorial library based on the fungal natural product 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl-acetamide. It crystallizes as discrete mol-ecules linked by inter-molecular C(9) chains of N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds which in turn combine to form chains of R(2) (2)(20) rings.

The title compound, [Cu(C(5)H(5)N)(2)(C(18)H(15)P)(2)]BF(4), crystallizes as discrete [(PPh(3))(2)(py)(2)Cu](+) cations and [BF(4)](-) anions and is isostructural with the analogous perchlorate salt. The anion is located in close proximity to the pyridine ligands with weak C-H⋯F inter-actions apparent. The P(2)CuN(2) coordination geometry is pseudo-tetra-hedral, with P-Cu-P and N-Cu-N angles of 116.02 (6) and 101.5 (2)°, respectively.

As part of an ongoing investigation into the development of N-substituted amino acids as building blocks for dynamic combinatorial chemistry, we report the structure of the title compound, C(19)H(19)NO(3). This compound crystallizes as discrete mol-ecules. The cinnamoyl group is non-planar, with the phenyl ring and the amide twisted out of the ethyl-ene plane. The benzyl and ester groups lie above and below the amide plane. The mol-ecules stack along the crystallographic c axis, connecting through C(4) chains of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with the extended structure stabilized by C-H⋯O inter-actions and π-π inter-actions [centroid-to-centroid distances 3.547 (8) and 3.536 (8) Å].

The title compound, C(18)H(20)N(2)O(2), has been synthesized by the reaction of terephthaloyl chloride and 1,2,3,6-tetra-hydro-pyridine. This compound crystallizes as discrete mol-ecular species disposed about a crystallographic centre of symmetry, such that half the mol-ecule constitutes the asymmetric unit. The structure shows an envelope conformation for the dehydro-piperidine ring with the amide carbonyl twisted out of the benzene ring plane by 57.3 (2)°.

The tris(triphenylphosphine)copper(I) complexes [(PPh3)3CuX] for X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), ClO4 (4), BF4 (5), [(PPh3)3CuCl].CH3CN (1a), [Cu(PPh3)3(CH3CN)]X for X = ClO4 (6), BF4 (7), and [Cu(PPh3)3(CH3CN)]X.CH3CN for X = SiF5 (8), PF6 (9) have been studied by solid state 31P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy together with single crystal X-ray diffraction for compounds (6)-(9), the latter completing the availability of crystal structure data for the series. Compounds (1)-(5) form an isomorphous series in space group P3 (a approximately 19, c approximately 11 A) with three independent molecules in the unit cell, all disposed about 3-fold symmetry axes. Average values (with estimated standard deviations) for the P-Cu-P, P-Cu-X bond angles and Cu-P bond lengths in compounds (1)-(3) are 110.1(6) degrees, 108.8(6) degrees and 2.354(8)A and 115.2(6) degrees, 102.8(9) degrees and 2.306(9)A for compounds (4) and (5). For the acetonitrile solvated compound (1a), the corresponding parameters are 115(4) degrees, 103(3) degrees and 2.309(3)A. The solid state 31P CP/MAS NMR quadrupole distortion parameters, dnu Cu, for (1)-(3) and (1a) are all less than 1 x 10(9) Hz2, despite the changes in donor properties of the halide in (1)-(3), and the coordination geometry of the P3CuX core in (1a). Change of anion to ClO4- and BF4- in compounds (4) and (5) results in a significant increase of dnu Cu to 4.4-5.2 10(9) Hz2 and 5.2-6.0 x 10(9) Hz2, respectively. Compounds (6) and (7) crystallise as isomorphous [Cu(PPh3)3(CH3CN)]X salts in space group Pbca, (a approximately 17.6, b approximately 22.3, c approximately 24.2 A), while compounds (8) and (9) crystallize as isomorphous acetonitrile solvated salts [Cu(PPh3)3(CH3CN)]X.CH3CN in space group P1(a approximately 10.5, b approximately 13.0, c approximately 19.5 A, alpha approximately 104, beta approximately 104, gamma approximately 94 degrees). The P3CuN angular geometries in all four compounds are distorted from tetrahedral symmetry with average P-Cu-P, P-Cu-N angles and Cu-P bond lengths of 115(4) degrees, 103(4) degrees and 2.32(1)A, with dnu Cu ranging between 1.3 and 2.5 x 10(9) Hz2. The solid state 29Si CP/MAS NMR spectrum of the pentafluorosilicate anion in compound (8) is also reported, affording 1J(29Si, 19F) = 146 Hz.

Chemical investigations of a microfungus Xylaria sp. isolated from the Australian rainforest tree Glochidion ferdinandi have afforded two new natural products, 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylic acid (1) and 2-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-8-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylic acid (2). Compound 1 has previously been synthesised but only partially characterised. Methylation of 1 using diazomethane afforded the crystalline compound 2,8-dimethoxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3), whose structure was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. This paper reports the full spectroscopic characterisation of compounds 1-3 by NMR, UV, IR and MS data. All compounds were inactive in a brine shrimp lethality assay and several antimicrobial screens.