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Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) has been characterized to prevent chronic diseases and improve gastrointestinal health, and it has been added to 3D printing plant-based meats (PM) to enhance texture and increase nutritional properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IDF on 3D printing properties and molecular interactions of soy protein isolate (SPI) - wheat gluten (WG) PM. Without the participation of IDF, PM appeared to collapse. When the IDF concentration increased from 0 to 10 %, PM displayed good printing properties, water holding capacity, tensile strength, and elongation at break were increased. Tensile strength and elongation at break reached a maximum at 10 % IDF, and clearly similar results were found for texture attribute indices such as hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness after cooking. All printing inks exhibited shear-thinning behavior and solid-like viscoelasticity, but the structural recovery properties of 3D-printed PM deteriorated when the IDF content was over 10 %. Intermolecular forces indicated that the addition of IDF enhanced the disulfide bonds so that 10 % IDF presented better printing properties. These results indicated the potential for developing PM with dietary fiber functionality through 3D printing technology. [Display omitted] • Developing dietary fiber-enhanced 3D printed plant-based meats. • 10 % IDF addition provides optimal printability and printing accuracy. • An appropriate amount of IDF proportion improves texture and tensile properties. • The addition of IDF promotes the formation of hydrophobic and disulfide bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deterioration of the wear state in the key friction pairs will degenerate the performance of the axial piston pump. The wear rates differ under different wear states in practical applications. Therefore, the amount of monitoring data is significantly different under different wear states, which causes data imbalance problem. In addition, the distribution characteristics of the external signals are often drowned by environmental noise. To address these issues, a novel cylinder block dynamic characteristics-based data augmentation method is presented for wear state identification. Firstly, a cylinder block's dynamic characteristics state perception method is proposed to obtain the time domain data. Then, to reduce the computing costs, the raw data is fused into multi-channel time–frequency domain data by the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) based method. Finally, the minority time–frequency data is augmented by the designed deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN). To verify the wear state identification performance of the proposed method, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed. Wear states injection experiments are adopted to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The advantage of the developed method is that it obtains prominent data distribution characteristics from internal signals to enhance the performance of the data augmentation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was conducted using pseudo-static testing to analyze the seismic behavior of thin-walled stirrup-confined circular concrete-filled steel tube (TSCCFT) piers. In addition, a finite element model (FEM) was developed, incorporating concrete cracks and steel ductile damage. Moreover, based on the FEM and test outcomes, a refined restoring force model (RFM) for these piers was proposed, considering pinching effect coefficients and inflection points. The research results demonstrate that TSCCFT piers outperform counterparts lacking stirrup confinement regarding seismic performance. This enhancement is evident in significant increases of 30.3 % and 31.4 % for yield and horizontal peak load, respectively, along with notable increases of 9.1 % and 5.3 % concerning cumulative energy dissipation and elastic stiffness. Furthermore, the refined RFM demonstrates excellent precision, closely aligning with test and FEM results. This refined RFM holds the potential to serve as a reference for the seismic design of TSCCFT piers, streamlining the design process. • A pseudo-static test study of the TSCCFT pier is conducted. • A refined RRM for TSCCFT piers considering the pinching coefficient effect and inflection points is proposed. • A refined FEM for TSCCFT piers with a concrete crack and ductile steel damage is developed and verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Effects of egg white (EW) modified by different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% w/w) of tea polyphenols (TP) on physicochemical properties and microstructure properties of surimi gel were investigated. FTIR analysis showed that TP modification changed the secondary structure of EW proteins, reduced α-helix content but increased the content of β-folding. The TP-modified EW showed significant effects (P < 0.05) in increasing the breaking force and deformation of surimi and resulted in the formation of a stronger network in surimi gel with greater water-holding capacity, as indicated by a lowered expressible moisture content, decreased solubility and increased storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) by dynamic viscoelastic measurement. Protein pattern analysis suggested that the TP-modified EW might contribute to the decrease in the myosin heavy chain (MHC) band intensity of surimi through cross-linking with surimi proteins, which might further increase the superior setting phenomenon of surimi gel. Moreover, a finer and more ordered network of the gel was observed. Therefore, TP-modified EW is efficient in improving the properties of surimi gel, and for the best effect, a concentration of 0.6% is recommended. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • TP reduced the α-helix contents but increased the β-sheet and β-folding contents of EW. • Breaking force and deformation of surimi were increased by TP-modified EW. • TP-modified EW resulted in a finer and more ordered structure of surimi gel. • TP-modified EW is efficient in improving the functional properties of surimi gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Propyl gallate was used as a excellent flotation collector for fluorite. • Separation of fluorite from calcite without using any depressant can be achieved. • The flotation mechanism of fluorite from calcite was studied. • Adsorption of PG onto the surfaces of fluorite and calcite was studied. Abstract In real flotation systems, the flotation separation of fluorite from calcite is a challenge due to the similar surface properties of these two minerals. The purpose of this paper is to develop a highly selective flotation collector for the separation. Propyl gallate (PG) was introduced as a collector for selective flotation separation of fluorite from calcite. The separation of fluorite from calcite without using any depressant can be achieved by using PG as the collector. The flotation mechanism of fluorite and calcite was studied by zeta potential measurements, adsorption, FT-IR and XPS analysis. The results indicated that phenolic hydroxyls were the functional groups of PG which can selectively adsorb on fluorite, and the adsorption amount of PG on the surface of fluorite was larger than on calcite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pseudo-static test study was conducted to investigate the seismic performance of stirrup-confined square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) bridge piers. Furthermore, a refined finite element model (FEM) that considers the cracks in concrete and the ductile damage of steel was established. Based on this, a refined restoring-force model for stirrup-confined square CFST bridge piers that takes into consideration the pinching effect coefficient was proposed. The research results show that, compared with traditional square CFST bridge piers, stirrup-confined square CFST bridge piers exhibit a superior seismic performance, as their yield load, horizontal peak load, cumulative energy dissipation, and elastic stiffness are higher by 49.3%, 42.8%, 24.1%, and 15.1%, respectively. The axial compression ratio, yield strength of the steel tube, compressive strength of concrete, aspect ratio, and width–thickness ratio have a significant effect on the seismic performance of stirrup-confined square CFST bridge piers, while the yield strength of the stirrup has little influence on their seismic performance. The proposed refined restoring-force model for stirrup-confined square CFST bridge piers that takes into consideration the pinch effect coefficient has high accuracy and is in good agreement with the FEM results. [Display omitted] • A pseudo-static test study of the stirrup-confined square CFST bridge pier is conducted. • A refined restoring force model for stirrup-confined square CFST bridge piers considering the pinching effect is proposed. • A refined FEM for stirrup-confined square CFST bridge piers with a concrete crack and ductile steel damage is developed and verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Testing of CFST piers under cyclic loading is described. • A refined finite element model for CFST piers with a concrete crack and ductile steel damage 4 was developed and verified. • The relationship between the residual displacement and maximum displacement of the pier top of the CFST bridge piers subjected to bidirectional seismic waves is proposed. This study entailed the use of a cyclic loading test on a thin-walled concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) bridge pier to investigate its ultimate seismic performance. Additionally, a three-dimensional solid-shell finite element (FE) model of thin-walled CFST piers was established using ABAQUS. Cracks were introduced into in-filled concrete, and ductile damage was imposed on the steel tubes, in order to accurately reproduce the seismic performance degradation and post-earthquake residual displacement variation in thin-walled CFST bridge piers. The FE model was validated using pseudo-static and pseudo-dynamic loading tests performed on thin-walled CFST bridge piers. The analysis indicates that the FE model with concrete cracks can reflect the pinching effect of the hysteresis curve; the ductile damage can reflect the degradation of the bearing capacity during large plastic deformation under cyclic loading and the residual displacement under unidirectional and bidirectional dynamic loading. The seismic response of the full in-filled thin-walled CFST bridge pier was the least under the same intensity seismic wave, the in-filled concrete could improve ultimate seismic capacity. Finally, this study established a formula for the relationship between the residual and maximum displacements at the top of thin-walled CFST bridge piers under bidirectional seismic waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text selection is a required step prior to performing many text editing tasks like copy or cut. Text selection relying on adjustment handles is a widely adopted method on touchscreen mobile devices. However, this method has limitations like slow and unconformable interactions when dragging handles and poor performance of selecting non-adjacent text for editing as one. To address these limitations, this study proposes Text Pin , a novel technique that specifies the two ends of intended text by finger tapping rather than finger dragging. We conducted three pilot studies to design Text Pin and an experiment to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show Text Pin (M = 11.49 s) was generally faster than the default handle-based technique on Android (M = 14.95 s) by 23.14% and a gesture-based technique (Fix & Slide) (M = 14.41 s) by 20.26% while having similar selection accuracy (Text Pin vs the default technique vs Fix & Slide : 0.95 vs 0.94 vs 0.95). Our study consequently demonstrates the potential of Text Pin as a suitable alternative to existing handle-based text selection techniques on touchscreen mobile devices. • This study proposes Text Pin , a novel text selection technique for direct-finger touch interactions. • Text Pin specifies the two ends of intended text by finger tapping rather than finger dragging. • Text Pin supports efficient selection of non-adjacent text for editing as one. • Results show that Text Pin is an effective text selection technique and can be a viable alternative to current handle-based techniques on touchscreen mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Low voltage electrostatic field (LVEF) treatment was used to treat the large yellow croaker. • Partial freezing (PF) combined LVEF treatment could reduce moisture loss of muscle. • LVEF treatment improved the fresh quality of large yellow croaker during PF storage. • The relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter was reduced by LVEF-PF treatment. • LVEF-PF treatment could improve shelf life by three days compared to PF storage. The effect of low voltage electrostatic field combined with partial freezing (LVEF- PF) treatment on storage quality and microbial community of large yellow croaker was studied. Three different methods including chilled (C), partial freezing (PF) and 6 kV/m electrostatic field combined partial freezing storage were used to preserve large yellow croaker for 18 days. Total viable counts (TVC), sensory evaluation, and physiochemical index including pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), K value and centrifugal loss were examined. During storage, the large yellow croaker was susceptible to microbial growth and spoilage. However, LVEF-PF treatment was found to be effective in enhancing sensory quality, inhibiting microbial growth, and maintaining myofibril microstructure. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that LVEF-PF treatment reduced the migration of immobilized water to free water. At 18th day, the TVC value of LVEF-PF, PF and chilled group were 3.56 log CFU/g, 5.11 log CFU/g, 7.73 log CFU/g, respectively. Therefore, from the results of TVB-N and TVC value, the shelf life of LVEF-PF group was at least 3 days longer than PF group, and 6 days longer than the chilled group. High-throughput sequencing showed that the microbial community diversity significantly decreased during storage. The predominant bacteria in chilled, PF, LVEF-PF group at 18th day were Pseudomonas , Psychrobacter and Shewanella , respectively, and the relative abundance of spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter were reduced by LVEF-PF treatment, that corresponding with lower values of TVB-N and TVC value. LVEF-PF treatment could be used as a new processing and storage method to delay deterioration and prolong shelf life of large yellow croaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electrolytic water (EW) and chitosan (CHI) were combined for refrigeration storage. • EW + CHI inhibited the growth of total viable counts and ATP degradation rate of fish. • The changes of fish protein were exhibited by TMT-labeled quantitative proteomic. • Proteins in different freshness group were mainly skeletal proteins and enzymes. • Correlation analysis showed 19 highly correlated proteins maybe freshness markers. The labeled quantitative proteomic method was used to study the changes in muscle proteins of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) treated with electrolytic water (EW) and chitosan (CHI) combined preservation during 12 days of refrigeration storage (4 °C). The analysis indicated that the freshness instructed by total viable count (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and K value was significantly maintained after combined preservation during storage at 4 °C for 12 days (CS12). Furthermore, 46 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected in storage at 4 °C for 12 days (S12) compared to the freshness group (F), which bioinformatics confirmed were mainly skeletal proteins and enzymes. Correlation analysis showed that 19 highly correlated DAPs could be used as potential protein markers of freshness. Changes in the relation of freshness and protein were shown in further correlative analysis of F and CS12, which were caused by combined preservation. Therefore, combined preservation is promising in the quality and stability of large yellow croakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PAW was used to replace pure water in the traditional tempering process. • Tempering with PAW can be used to degrade DON in wheat. • Tempering with PAW efficiently inactivated the microorganisms of wheat grains. • Tempering with PAW has no significant impact on wheat quality except vitamin E. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is prevalent in wheat and threatens the health of humans and animals. It has been certificated that plasma activated water (PAW) can effectively degrade DON in wheat. However, the application of PAW used in the production of wheat flours was not reported nowadays. Thus, PAW was used to replace pure water in the traditional tempering process to eliminate DON in wheat, and DON degradation effect of PAW was compared with H 2 O 2 and O 3. The DON degradation rate was 58.78 % by tempering for 24 h with PAW prepared at 50 kV for 10 min. The H 2 O 2 and O 3 were found to be critical contributors in PAW for DON degradation. Afterwards, effects of PAW on microorganism inactivation and wheat qualities were studied. After tempering with PAW, the bacterial and fungal counts, the number of surviving Fusarium graminearum in wheat were decreased significantly. Moreover, no negative effects were observed except a slight decrease in vitamin E content. Therefore, tempering with PAW can be a promising strategy to control DON pollutant in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a new technique used to construct complex geometric forms for personalized nutrition and customization. With good rheological and gelling properties, starch materials have great potential in the 3D printed food industry. The successful printing of materials depends on various aspects, and current researches have focused on discussing the influence of the rheological properties of starch materials on printing, while the researches on the printing characteristics with other starch properties, material processing methods, printing process parameters are still insufficient. This review mainly focuses on the relationship between the material properties of starch foods and hot extrusion 3D printing, discussing the influence of material properties (rheology, adhesiveness, thermal properties, microstructure and component interaction) on the feasibility of printing. In addition, the effects of additives (hydrocolloids, lipids, fiber, protein, salt and other), processing methods, and process parameters (nozzle diameter, print height, print speed, and throughput) on printing are reviewed. [Display omitted] • Relationship starch food properties and 3D printability are outlined. • The effects of additives are classified according to their different sources. • Roles of food additives and processing on starch food printing are described. • Outlines the effect of starch food processing technology on 3D printability • The printing process technology of 3D-printed starch food was deeply discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study mainly analyzed the changes of quality of large yellow croaker treated by pulsed light during storage at 4 °C by studying TVC, TVB-N, TBARS, color, texture, sensory evaluation and volatile substances. The large yellow croaker was treated with different intensities (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 J/pulse) of PL for 30 pulses. The results showed that the initial sterilization efficiency of 300 J/pulse PL group could reach to 86.27 ± 4.32%. And the TVB-N and TBARS increased at a slower rate in the 300 J/pulse group compared to the control group during storage. Furthermore, the L* and a* color parameters of 300 J/pulse group decreased more slowly than the control group. Besides that, the texture and the sensory evaluation score were also better than control group at the same storage time. The shelf life of large yellow croaker could be extended by 2–3 days after PL treatment. However, the 500 J/pulse PL group had increased lipid oxidation and resulted in some sulfur and metallic odor. To sum up, the PL technology presented the potential effect to improve the shelf life of large yellow croaker, but it is necessary to further optimize the processing conditions of PL. • Pulsed light treatment could effectively reduce microorganisms on large yellow croaker. • Pulsed light treatment could improve the shelf life of large yellow croaker. • Pulsed light treatment could delay the rate of quality deterioration of large yellow croaker during storage. • High-energy pulsed light treatment had negative effects on the quality of large yellow croaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A refined numerical model was proposed to simulate the mechanical behavior of circular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns under fire conditions. The model was calibrated against the thermal and mechanical results from physical testing and showed good reliability. Based on the numerical analyses, the mechanical properties of steel-concrete interface and composite column for circular CFST with different confinement coefficients during the entire fire process were investigated in depth. Moreover, a series of parametric analyses were undertaken to investigate the influence of main factors, such as the load ratio, the steel tube ratio, the steel strength, the cross-sectional diameter and the concrete strength, on the mechanical behavior of the circular CFST column. Finally, a theoretical formulation and a simplified formulation for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of circular CFST columns with different length-diameter ratios under fire conditions were proposed, which showed an acceptable accuracy. • A refined 3D finite element model of circular CFST columns is developed and calibrated. • A series of parametric analyses are conducted. • The failure modes of circular CFST columns in fire are captured. • The formulations for evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of circular CFST columns with different length-diameter ratios in fire are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The tilt behavior of cylinder block is analyzed considering the shaft deformation. • The cylinder block tilt towards the high-pressure port of the valve plate. • The cylinder block tilts severely under the high-speed and low-pressure condition. • The full film lubrication limits the increase of bearing capacity of the oil film. Increasing the rotating speed of the axial piston pump is effective in improving the power-to-weight ratio. However, the cylinder block tilts severely at high speed, which causes significant leakage. In this paper, a dynamic model of the rotating assembly in a high-speed axial piston pump is established to investigate the tilt behavior of the cylinder block when fully considering the relevant factors within the whole rotating assembly, such as the tilt moments due to the inertia of piston-slipper assemblies and the periodic pressure in piston chambers, the elastic deformation of the shaft, and the nonlinear bearing characteristics of the oil film. Furthermore, the cylinder block tilt behavior is measured to validate the established dynamic model. The theoretical and experimental results show that the tilt angle of the cylinder block increases with the increasing rotating speed. And at high rotating speed, the cylinder block tilts much more severely under low outlet pressure. Finally, the bearing capacities of the oil film and the spline coupling are analyzed to find out the dominant factors affecting the tilt behavior of the cylinder block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A measurement scheme with a less modified pump is proposed. • Run-out signals of cylinder block are removed accurately from measured signals. • Cylinder block movement fluctuates periodically and strengthens with pressure. • Cylinder block whirls around the shaft, and orbit center shifts obviously. The cylinder block is the main rotating part in axial piston pump, and its dynamic characteristics can reflect the health condition of the pump more directly than the external characteristics. In this paper, a less modification measurement scheme is proposed to acquire the dynamic characteristics of the cylinder block accurately. The less modified pump minimizes the influence of the test equipment on the cylinder block motion. The radial displacements of the cylinder block surface in two cross-sections along the perpendicular directions are measured under different operating conditions. Moreover, the translational motion and the tilt behavior of the cylinder block are calculated when the run-out signals of the cylinder block surface are removed from the measurement signals. The vibration signals are measured synchronously and compared with the movement of the cylinder block. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the cylinder block under different operating pressure are presented and analyzed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the factors associated with shoulder stiffness following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of proximal humeral fractures., Patients and Methods: The retrospective study included a total of 151 patients who underwent ORIF of proximal humeral fractures between January 2016 and May 2021. Based on their shoulder joint motion at the latest follow-up, the patients were divided into two groups. The stiffness group (n=32; 8 males, 24 females; mean age: 62.4±9.3 years; range, 31 to 79 years), exhibited restricted shoulder forward flexion (<120°), limited arm lateral external rotation (<30°), and reduced back internal rotation below the L3 level. The remaining patients were included in the non-stiffness group (n=119; 52 males, 67 females; mean age: 56.4±13.4 years; range, 18 to 90 years). Various factors were examined to evaluate the association with shoulder stiffness following ORIF of proximal humeral fractures by multivariate unconditional logistic regression models., Results: The mean follow-up duration was 31.8±12.6 (range, 12 to 68) months. Based on the results of the multivariate regression analysis, it was found that high-energy injuries [compared to low-energy injuries; adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=7.706, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.564-15.579, p<0.001], a time from injury to surgery longer than one week (compared to a time from injury to surgery equal to or less than one week; aOR=5.275, 95% CI: 1.7321-9.472, p=0.031), and a body mass index (BMI) >24.0 kg/m 2 (compared to a BMI between 18.5 and 24.0 kg/m 2 ; aOR=4.427, 95% CI: 1.671-11.722, p=0.023) were identified as risk factors for shoulder stiffness following ORIF of proximal humeral fractures., Conclusion: High-energy injury, time from injury to surgery longer than one week, and BMI >24.0 kg/m 2 were identified as independent risk factors for shoulder stiffness after proximal humeral fracture surgery, which should be treated with caution in clinical treatment.

Background: Most 3D-printed guiding templates require dissection of soft tissues to match the corresponding surfaces of the guiding templates. This study sought to explore the accuracy and acceptability of the novel 3D printed individualized guiding templates based on cutaneous fiducial markers in minimally invasive screw placement for pelvic fractures., Methods: The printed template was tested on five high-fidelity biomimetic phantom models of the bony pelvis and its surrounding soft tissues as well as on two fresh frozen cadavers. Four cutaneous fiducial markers were transfixed on each phantom model prior to performing CT scans to reconstruct their 3D models. Personalized templates for guiding screw insertion were designed based on the positions of the fiducial markers and virtually planned target screw channels after scanning, followed by 3D printing of the guide. Phase 1 consisted of five expert surgeons inserting one anterograde supra-pubic screw and one sacroiliac screw percutaneously into each phantom model using the 3D-printed guide. The deviation of screw positions between the pre-operative planned and post-operative actual ones was measured after registering their 3D modelling. A Likert scale questionnaire was completed by the expert surgeons to assess their satisfaction and acceptability with the guiding template. Phase 2 consisted of repeating the same procedures on the fresh frozen cadavers in order to demonstrate face, content and concurrent validity., Results: In Phase 1, all ten screws were successfully implanted with the assistance of the guiding template. Postoperative CT scans confirmed that all screws were safely positioned within the bony pelvic channels without breaching the far cortex. The mean longitudinal deviation at the bony entry point and screw tip between the pre-operative planned and post-operative actual screw paths were 2.83 ± 0.60 mm and 3.12 ± 0.81 mm respectively, with a mean angular deviation of 1.25 ± 0.41°. Results from the Likert questionnaire indicated a high level of satisfaction for using the guiding template among surgeons. In Phase 2, results were similar to those in Phase 1., Conclusions: The 3D-printed guiding template based on cutaneous fiducial markers shows potential for assisting in the accurate insertion of percutaneous screws in the pelvis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Light traps have been widely used to monitor and manage pest populations, but natural enemies are also influenced. The Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire is an important species of natural enemy for longhorn beetles. However, the molecular mechanism of D. helophoroides in response to light exposure is still scarce. Here, integrated behavioral, comparative transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analyses were applied to investigate gene expression profiles in the head of D. helophoroides at different light exposure time. The results showed that the phototactic response rates of adults were 1.67%-22.5% and females and males displayed a negative phototaxis under different light exposure [6.31 × 10 18 (photos/m 2 /s)]; the trapping rates of female and male were influenced significantly by light exposure time, diel rhythm, and light wavelength in the behavioral data. Furthermore, transcriptome data showed that a total of 1,052 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under different light exposure times relative to dark adaptation. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the "ECM-receptor interaction," "focal adhesion," "PI3K-Akt signaling," and "lysosome" pathways were significantly downregulated with increasing light exposure time. Furthermore, nine DEGs were identified as hub genes using WGCNA analysis. The results revealed molecular mechanism in negative phototactic behavior response of D. helophoroides under the light exposure with relative high intensity, and provided valuable insights into the underlying molecular response mechanism of nocturnal beetles to light stress., Competing Interests: Author XZ was employed by Hebei Research Institute of Microbiology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jiang, Li, Hai, Zheng, Wang and Lyu.)

Under the background of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the evolution of the spatiotemporal pattern of carbon storage has recently emerged as a research hotspot. The change in land use and land cover (LULC) is the primary driver of carbon storage changes. Understanding the spatiotemporal variations of LULC and carbon storage at the small scale of district and county level and proposing strategies to improve carbon sink, will contribute to the ecological conservation, restoration and sustainable development of districts or counties. With Yanqing District in Beijing as an example, we calculated carbon storage from 1990 to 2020 based on the InVEST model and used the PLUS model to predict LULC type changes under three scenarios (natural growth, ecological conservation and economic development) from 2020 to 2050. We further predicted the carbon storage and proposed mea-sures to improve carbon sink. The results showed that the key LULC change in Yanqing between 1990 and 2020 were the conversion of 88.9% of grassland to forest, 50.1% of farmland to forest, and 39.5% of cropland to impervious surface. The total carbon storage showed an upward trend, with an increase of 3.34×10 6 Mg. The spatial distribution of carbon storage presented "high in the northeast, low in the southwest, and high in the mountainous areas, low in the riverine areas." The increase in forest and the decrease in grassland were the main reasons for the increase and decrease in carbon storage, respectively. Between 2020 and 2050, the ecological restoration efforts under the ecological protection scenario increased, and the probability of other LULCs transforming into forest increased, resulting in a 5.8% increase in carbon storage, which had the highest increase and carbon storage under the three scenarios. High-value carbon storage areas were concentrated in the northeast, northwest, and south of Yanqing District, basically corresponding to the mountainous regions of Yanqing with high forest coverage, and the low-value areas generally corresponded to the plains with high development intensity and low forest coverage. We could implement comprehensive ecological protection and restoration measures, including forest and grassland ecosystem protection, water environment ecological restoration, farmland ecological restoration, to promote sustainable development in Yanqing District and to achieve the "dual carbon" goal.

Objective: Disuse osteoporosis is known to be primarily caused by a lack of exercise. However, the causal relationships between zinc and immunity and disuse osteoporosis remain unknown. This study investigated these relationships and their potential mechanisms., Methods: This study was an integrative study combining genome-wide association studies and transcriptomics. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) was used to analyze the causal relationships between exposures (zinc, immunity, physical activity) and the outcome (osteoporosis) with the aid of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs). Four models, MR-Egger, inverse variance weighted, weighted median and MR-Pleiotrophy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MRPRESSO), were used to calculate odds ratio values. Sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses were also performed using MRPRESSO and MR-Egger methods. The mRNA transcriptomic analysis was subsequently conducted. Zinc metabolism scores were acquired through single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis algorithms. Stromal scores were obtained using the R Package "estimate" algorithms. Important Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology pathways were also derived through gene set variation analysis. Cytoscape software helped construct the transcription factor (TF)-mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) network. Virtual screening and molecular docking were performed. Polymerase chain reaction validation was also carried out in vivo., Results: Causal relationships were demonstrated between zinc and exercise (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-2.95, p = 0.001), exercise and immunity (95% CI = 0.36-0.80, p = 0.002), exercise and osteoporosis (95% CI = 0.97-0.99, p = 0.0007), and immunity disorder and osteoporosis (95% CI = 1.30-2.03, p = 0.00002). One hundred and seventy-nine mRNAs in important modules were screened. Combining the differential expressional genes (DEGs) and the Boruta selection, six DEGs were screened (AHNAK, CSF2, ADAMTS12, SRA1, RUNX2, and SLC39A14). TF HOXC10 and miRNA hsa-miR-204 were predicted. Then, the TF-mRNA-miRNA network was successfully constructed. RUNX2 and SLC39A14 were identified as hub mRNAs in the TF-mRNA-miRNA network. Eventually, the novel small drug C6O4NH5 was designed according to the pharmacophore structure of SLC39A14. The docking energy for the novel drug was -5.83 kcal/mol. SLC39A14 and RUNX2 were downregulated (of statistical significance p-value < 0.05) in our animal experiment., Conclusion: This study revealed that zinc had a protective causal relationship with disuse osteoporosis by promoting exercise and immunity. SLC39A14 and RUNX2 mRNA participated in this zinc-related mechanism., (© 2023 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Automatic lesion segmentation is important for assisting doctors in the diagnostic process. Recent deep learning approaches heavily rely on large-scale datasets, which are difficult to obtain in many clinical applications. Leveraging external labelled datasets is an effective solution to tackle the problem of insufficient training data. In this paper, we propose a new framework, namely LatenTrans, to utilize existing datasets for boosting the performance of lesion segmentation in extremely low data regimes. LatenTrans translates non-target lesions into target-like lesions and expands the training dataset with target-like data for better performance. Images are first projected to the latent space via aligned style-based generative models, and rich lesion semantics are encoded using the latent codes. A novel consistency-aware latent code manipulation module is proposed to enable high-quality local style transfer from non-target lesions to target-like lesions while preserving other parts. Moreover, we propose a new metric, Normalized Latent Distance, to solve the question of how to select an adequate one from various existing datasets for knowledge transfer. Extensive experiments are conducted on segmenting lung and brain lesions, and the experimental results demonstrate that our proposed LatenTrans is superior to existing methods for cross-disease lesion segmentation.

Objective: To study the differences between the mRNA expression profile in angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced fibrotic cardiomyocytes and that of normal cardiomyocytes and the relevant signaling pathways., Methods: Six 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to a control group and an Ang Ⅱ group, with 3 rats in each group. Rats in the control group were injected via caudal vein with 0.9% normal saline at 2 mg/kg per day, while rats in the Ang Ⅱ group were injected with Ang Ⅱ via caudal vein at 2 mg/kg per day. The medications were continuously administered in the two groups for 14 days. The degree of myocardial fibrosis was determined by Masson's Trichrome staining and the content of collagen Ⅰ was determined by immunohistochemistry. High throughput sequencing was performed to measure the mRNA expression of rat cardiomyocytes in the two groups and to screen for differentially-expressed mRNAs. The differentially-expressed mRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis., Results: Compared with those of the control group, the degree of myocardial fibrosis and the content of collagen Ⅰ in Ang Ⅱ group were significantly higher ( P <0.05). Through sequencing, 313 differentially-expressed mRNAs were identified, with 201 being up-regulated and 112 being down-regulated. Go and KEGG analyses showed that these differentially-expressed mRNA were involved in a variety of biological regulatory functions and pathways of myocardial fibrosis., Conclusion: Ang Ⅱ can cause myocardial fibrosis in rats. There are significant differences in mRNA expression between fibrotic cardiomyocytes and normal cardiomyocytes. The differentially expressed mRNAs may play an important role in biological processes, including immune response, cell remodeling, and extracellular matrix deposition., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

This study aimed to prepare a stirred type of fat-free yogurt from enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder (EHPP) and skimmed milk powder (SMP) without changing its quality and consumer acceptance. The yogurt formulations prepared contained different amount of EHPP 0, 10, 25 and 50% and were stored for 28 days at 4 °C and observed that with increasing substitution ratio, acid production was increased while the viability of lactic acid bacteria was decreased after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. The antioxidant activities (2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the yogurt were increased with increasing EHPP over the storage period. The yogurt formulations having 25 to 50% EHPP has the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP values. Water holding capacity (WHC) was decreased over the storage period with 25% EHPP. The hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess were decreased while no significant change was found in springiness with EHPP addition over the storage period. The rheological analysis showed an elastic behavior of yogurt gels with EHPP supplementation. The sensory results of yogurt containing 25% EHPP have the highest values of taste and acceptance. Yogurt in combination with EHPP and SMP has the higher levels of WHC than non-supplemented yogurt and better stability was recorded during storage., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05737-9., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest., (© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

The endogenous components of okara can affect the extraction and modification of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). This study was intended to investigate the effect of extraction and purification of IDFs from okara affected by the endogenous components and composite enzyme Viscozyme ® L. After that, the physicochemical, functional, and structural characteristics of IDFs were analyzed. The results showed that with the purification of degreasing, deproteinizing and destarching, Viscozyme ® L can accurately act on the cell wall of okara, leading to the increase in specific surface area of IDF and the formation of honeycomb-like structure. In accordance with the X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectrum investigations, relative crystallinity decreased and certain cellulose components were reallocated and changed into soluble dietary fiber. Moreover, the modified IDF showed improved water-holding capacity (10.73-11.59 g/g), oil-holding capacity (5.37-6.60 g/g), and swelling capacity (8.99-12.37 mL/g), leading to improved adsorption capacities of glucose (maximum: 39.60 mg/g), cholesterol (14.54-33.56 mg/g at pH 7; 10.94-19.37 mg/g at pH 2), and cholate and better cation-exchange capacity. The outcomes demonstrated the potential for the acquired IDFs, particularly the high-purity modified-IDFs T 3 and T 4 , to be exploited as functional fiber components in the food sector. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study advances the understanding of the internal mechanism of modified insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) with different purities in okara. The obtained high-purity modified IDF can be employed as a functional fiber raw material in the manufacture of functional foods, and can also be utilized to assist in the treatment of some illnesses due to its well-established in vivo function., (© 2023 Institute of Food Technologists.)

No study has been reported to use machine learning methods to predict the full-range test curves of circular CFST columns. In this paper, the long short-term memory (LSTM) network was introduced to calculate the axially compressive load-strain curves of the circular CFST columns according to an experiment database of limited scale. To improve the feasibility of input data for the recurrent neural network algorithm, data preprocessing methods and data configurations were discussed. The prediction results indicate that the LSTM network provides more accurate estimations compared with the artificial neural networks, random forest and support vector regression. Meanwhile, this method can be used to calculate the mechanical properties including the elastic modulus, ultimate bearing capacity, and the ductility of the columns with acceptable accuracy for engineering practice (the prediction error within 20%). For future research, it is expected that the machine learning method will be applied to predict the structural response of different members under various loading conditions.

The acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of natural disasters have led to increasingly fragmented habitats and decreased ecological connectivity, which in turn hinder rural sustainable development. Constructing ecological networks is a key direction in the spatial planning. By strengthening source protection, corridor construction, and ecological control, it can effectively alleviate the contradiction between regional ecological and economic development imbalance and promote biodiversity enhancement. With Yanqing District as an example, we constructed the ecological network by means of the morphological spatial pattern analysis, the connectivity analysis software, and the minimum cumulative resistance model. We analyzed various network elements from a county perspective, and provide suggestions for the development of towns. The results showed that the ecological network of Yanqing District as a whole presented the distribution characteristics of "the Mountain and the Plain". A total of 12 ecological sources were identified, covering an area of 1085.54 km 2 , accounting for 54.4% of the total area. 66 ecological corridors were screened with a total length of 1057.18 km, including 21 important corridors and 45 general corridors, with the length of which accounting for 32.6% and 67.4%, respectively. 27 first-class ecological nodes and 86 second-class ecological nodes were identified, which were concentrated in "the Mountain" such as Qianjiadian and Zhenzhuquan. The distribution of ecological networks in different towns was closely related to their geographical environment and development orientation. The towns such as Qianjiadian and Zhenzhuquan were located in "the Mountain", covering a wide range of ecological sources and corridors. Strengthening protection of ecological source was the focus of network construction, which can promote the coordinated development of ecology and tourism in towns. The towns such as Liubinbao and Zhangshanying were located at the junction of "the Mountain-Plain", hence strengthening corridor connectivity was the main direction of network construction, which could promote the construction of ecological landscape in towns. The towns such as Yanqing and Kangzhuang were located in the "the Plain", with serious landscape fragmentation due to the lack of ecological sources and corridors. Those towns need to build green livable towns through increasing ecological nodes and strengthening ecological restoration. This study enriched the construction of ecological networks at the county scale, explored the interface with spatial planning, strengthened ecological restoration and ecological control, which had reference value for promoting the sustainable development of towns and the construction of a multi-scale ecological network.

The Asian longhorn beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, is a polyphagous xylophage with dozens of reported host tree species. However, the mechanisms by which individuals locate and recognize host plants are still unknown. We summarize the current knowledge of the host plant list, host kairomones, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and microbial symbionts of this beetle and their practical applications, and finally discuss the host localization and recognition mechanisms. A total of 209 species (or cultivars) were reported as ALB host plants, including 101 species of higher sensitivity; host kairomones were preferentially bound to ALB recombinant OBPs, including cis -3-hexen-1-ol, δ -3-carene, nonanal, linalool, and β -caryophyllene. In addition, microbial symbionts may help ALB degrade their host. Complementarity of tree species with different levels of resistance may reduce damage, but trapping effectiveness for adults was limited using a combination of host kairomones and sex pheromones in the field. Therefore, we discuss host location behavior from a new perspective and show that multiple cues are used by ALB to locate and recognize host plants. Further research into host resistance mechanisms and visual signal recognition, and the interaction of sex pheromone synthesis, symbiont microbiota, and host plants may help reveal the host recognition mechanisms of ALBs.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a severe global pandemic. Accurate pneumonia infection segmentation is important for assisting doctors in diagnosing COVID-19. Deep learning-based methods can be developed for automatic segmentation, but the lack of large-scale well-annotated COVID-19 training datasets may hinder their performance. Semi-supervised segmentation is a promising solution which explores large amounts of unlabelled data, while most existing methods focus on pseudo-label refinement. In this paper, we propose a new perspective on semi-supervised learning for COVID-19 pneumonia infection segmentation, namely pseudo-label guided image synthesis. The main idea is to keep the pseudo-labels and synthesize new images to match them. The synthetic image has the same COVID-19 infected regions as indicated in the pseudo-label, and the reference style extracted from the style code pool is added to make it more realistic. We introduce two representative methods by incorporating the synthetic images into model training, including single-stage Synthesis-Assisted Cross Pseudo Supervision (SA-CPS) and multi-stage Synthesis-Assisted Self-Training (SA-ST), which can work individually as well as cooperatively. Synthesis-assisted methods expand the training data with high-quality synthetic data, thus improving the segmentation performance. Extensive experiments on two COVID-19 CT datasets for segmenting the infections demonstrate our method is superior to existing schemes for semi-supervised segmentation, and achieves the state-of-the-art performance on both datasets. Code is available at: https://github.com/FeiLyu/SASSL.

Light entrains the endogenous circadian clocks of organisms to synchronize their behavioral and physiological rhythms with the natural photoperiod. The presence of artificial light at night disrupts these photoperiodic cues and is currently considered to be a major threat to key fitness-related behaviors, including sleep disruption and physiological stress. Research on the ecological influence of forest pest and their natural enemies is lacking. The wood-boring insects significantly damage forest and urban forest ecosystem functions. The parasitic beetles, Dastarcus helophoroides is an important natural enemy of wood-boring insects, especially those in the Cerambycidae family. However, the effect of artificial light at night on the locomotor rhythms and oviposition capacity of D. helophoroides has received little attention. To address this gap, diel changes in the locomotor activity and number of eggs laid by female D. helophoroides was analyzed under different light-dark (LD) cycles and temperatures. The results showed that the 24-h rhythmic of locomotor activity in these beetles was elevated in darkness and reduced under illumination, indicating that they are nocturnal insects. This activity has two major peaks, the evening (1-8 h after lights off) and morning (3.5-12.5 h after lights off) components, reflecting that light mediate regular changes in locomotor activity. Moreover, the circadian rhythms and active percentage were influenced by the illumination duration and temperature, especially constant light and 40°C. Females laid more eggs under the 16 L: 8 D cycles at 30°C than under the other combinations of photoperiod (including constant light and darkness) and temperature. Finally, the potential influence of exposure to four ecologically relevant intensities of artificial light at night (0, 1, 10 or 100 lx) on oviposition capacity was studied . The results showed that lifetime exposure to bright artificial light (1-100 lx) at night decreased the number of eggs laid relative to those laid with no lighting at night. These results demonstrate that chronic exposure to bright artificial light at night may influence the locomotor activity and oviposition capacity of this parasitic beetle., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jiang, Ren, Hai, Zhang, Wang and Lyu.)

Inflammation is the key driver of liver fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, it is often challenging to assess inflammation in NAFLD due to its dynamic nature and poor correlation with liver biochemical markers. Liver histology keeps its role as the standard tool, yet it is well-known for substantial sampling, intraobserver, and interobserver variability. Serum proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers, namely cytokeratin-18, are well-studied with reasonable accuracy, whereas serum metabolomics and lipidomics have been adopted in some commercially available diagnostic models. Ultrasound and computed tomography imaging techniques are attractive due to their wide availability; yet their accuracies may not be comparable with magnetic resonance imaging-based tools. Machine learning and deep learning models, be they supervised or unsupervised learning, are promising tools to identify various subtypes of NAFLD, including those with dominating liver inflammation, contributing to sustainable care pathways for NAFLD.

Objective: To compare the effects of simple intraspinal anesthesia and combined fascia iliaca compartment block(FICB) on total hip arthroplasty(THA) through anterior lateral small incision (orthop dische chirurgie München, OCM)., Methods: From January 2019 to October 2020, patients undergoing unilateral total hip arthroplasty were treated with intraspinal anesthesia combined with ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block(30 cases in group A) and simple intraspinal anesthesia(30 cases in group B). Two groups were treated with the same intravenous analgesia after operation. The operation time, the amount of bleeding, the peeling degree of middle gluteal muscle, the splitting of greater trochanter of femur, the visual analysis scale (VAS) of hip joint after operation, the abductor muscle strength of quadriceps femoris and hip joint before and 48 hours after operation, and the Harris score of hip joint function after operation were observed and compared between two groups., Results: All patients were followed up for 48 to 62 weeks with an average of (54.2±4.0) weeks. The incision length, operation time and intraoperative bleeding in group A were significantly lower than those in group B ( P <0.05). The level of hemoglobin 24 hours after operation in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P <0.05). The abductor muscle strength of hip joint in group A was significantly higher than that in group B 48 hours after operation ( P <0.05). The degree of middle gluteal muscle dissection in group A was significantly lower than that in group B ( P <0.05). The VAS of group A at 8, 12 and 24 hours after operation was significantly lower than that of group B ( P <0.05);The Harris score in group A was significantly higher than that in group B at 2 and 8 weeks after operation ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The application of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block in lateral position OCM approach THA can significantly shorten the operation time, reduce the amount of bleeding, reduce the perihip trauma such as the peeling of middle gluteal muscle during operation, and improve the early postoperative pain of patients, which is conducive to the clinical operation of OCM approach and the rapid postoperative recovery of patients.

Background & Aims: Accurate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk prediction facilitates appropriate surveillance strategy and reduces cancer mortality. We aimed to derive and validate novel machine learning models to predict HCC in a territory-wide cohort of patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) using data from the Hospital Authority Data Collaboration Lab (HADCL)., Methods: This was a territory-wide, retrospective, observational, cohort study of patients with CVH in Hong Kong in 2000-2018 identified from HADCL based on viral markers, diagnosis codes, and antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B and/or C. The cohort was randomly split into training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. Five popular machine learning methods, namely, logistic regression, ridge regression, AdaBoost, decision tree, and random forest, were performed and compared to find the best prediction model., Results: A total of 124,006 patients with CVH with complete data were included to build the models. In the training cohort (n = 86,804; 6,821 HCC), ridge regression (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.842), decision tree (0.952), and random forest (0.992) performed the best. In the validation cohort (n = 37,202; 2,875 HCC), ridge regression (AUROC 0.844) and random forest (0.837) maintained their accuracy, which was significantly higher than those of HCC risk scores: CU-HCC (0.672), GAG-HCC (0.745), REACH-B (0.671), PAGE-B (0.748), and REAL-B (0.712) scores. The low cut-off (0.07) of HCC ridge score (HCC-RS) achieved 90.0% sensitivity and 98.6% negative predictive value (NPV) in the validation cohort. The high cut-off (0.15) of HCC-RS achieved high specificity (90.0%) and NPV (95.6%); 31.1% of patients remained indeterminate., Conclusions: HCC-RS from the ridge regression machine learning model accurately predicted HCC in patients with CVH. These machine learning models may be developed as built-in functional keys or calculators in electronic health systems to reduce cancer mortality., Lay Summary: Novel machine learning models generated accurate risk scores for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. HCC ridge score was consistently more accurate than existing HCC risk scores. These models may be incorporated into electronic medical health systems to develop appropriate cancer surveillance strategies and reduce cancer death., Competing Interests: GW has served as an advisory committee member for Gilead Sciences and Janssen; has served as a speaker for Abbott, Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Echosens, Furui, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, and Roche; and has received a research grant from Gilead Sciences. TY has served as a speaker and an advisory committee member for Gilead Sciences. GL has served as an advisory committee member for Gilead, speaker for Merck and Gilead, and received a research grant from Gilead. HC is an advisor for AbbVie, Aligos, Aptorum, Arbutus, Hepion, Janssen, Gilead, GSK, Merck, Roche, Vaccitech, VenatoRx, and Vir Biotechnology; and a speaker for Mylan, Gilead, and Roche. VW has served as an advisory committee member for AbbVie, Allergan, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Perspectum Diagnostics, Pfizer, and Terns and as a speaker for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, and Merck. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Aquilaria sinensis is a typical inducible medicinal plant, that can produce agarwood only after it is wounded by external stimuli. Alternative oxidase(AOX) is one of the terminal oxidases of the plant mitochondrial electron transport, which plays an important role in plants' response to environmental stress. In order to reveal the physiological function of AOX gene in the process of agarwood formation from A.sinensis induced by wounding, AOX gene was cloned based on the transcriptome database and then identified by the bioinformatics analysis, and their expression pattern in different tissues and under wounding stress were detected by qRT-PCR. The results as follows. Three AOX genes were cloned from A.sinensis for the first time. They were named AsAOX1a, AsAOX1d and AsAOX2, respectively. The tissue expression shown that AsAOX1a is mainly expressed in the stem and the seed, and the AsAOX1d and AsAOX2 genes are mainly expressed in the pulp and the stem. AsAOX1a and AsAOX1d genes are highly responsive to wounding stress, and their response time was different. In addition, the expression of AsAOX1a and AsAOX2 induced by wounding are reduced by H&#95;2O&#95;2 treatment, but promoted by AsA treatment. The cloning, bioinformatics analysis and expression characteristics of AOX genes from A.sinensis provided basic information for further study the function of AOX genes in the development of A.sinensis, especially in the process of agarwood formation of A. sinensis induced by wounding.

Acetabular fractures are a real challenge for junior doctors as well as experienced orthopedic surgeons. Correct fracture classification is crucial for appreciating the fracture type, surgical planning, and predicting prognosis. Although three-dimensional (3D) tutorial is believed to improve the understanding of the complex anatomy structure, there have been few applications and randomized controlled trials to confirm it in orthopedics. This study aims to develop a 3D interactive software system for teaching acetabular fracture classification and evaluate its efficacy. Participants were randomly but evenly allocated into either the experimental group (who learned the acetabular fracture classification using a 3D software) or the control group (who used a traditional two-dimensional [2D] tutorial). Both groups were then tasked to classify 10 acetabular fractures and complete a five-point Likert scale on their satisfaction of each learning modality. To calculate significance (P < 0.05), independent t-test was used for normally distributed data whereas Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. The experimental group significantly outperformed the control group (t (28) = 2.526, P = 0.017) with identifying correct acetabular fracture classification. Moreover, Likert scale score in the experimental group was also significantly higher than in the control group (Z = 2.477, P = 0.013). This 3D classification software has objectively and subjectively showed an advantage over the traditional 2D tutorial, resulting in an improved classification accuracy and higher Likert scale score. The 3D software has the potential to improve both clinical knowledge as well as identifying correct patient management in orthopedics., (© 2018 American Association of Anatomists.)

Objective: This study was to explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO; As(2)O(3)) on differentiation of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells and its potential mechanism., Methods: ATO with different concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 µmol/L) were used to treat K562 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect the growth level of K562 cells; Benzidine staining was applied to measure the change of hemoglobin content; flow cytometry (FCM) was conducted to detect the expression of CD41 and GPA on K562 cells; RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA expression of BTG1 and TAL1 and the protein expression of BTG1 and TAL1, respectively., Results: ATO significantly inhibited the growth of K562 with dose- and time- dependent manners by benzidine staining, the positive rate of K562 cells induced by ATO reached to 17.63% ± 1.18%, which was significantly higher than that of control (2.87% ± 0.63%) (P < 0.01), and GPA, as the specific marker of erythroid cell differentiation, achieved 68.46% ± 3.67%, while it in control was 3.39% ± 0.84% (P < 0.01), besides, the CD41 expression of megakaryocyte increased but not so obvious as GPA. Meanwhile, the differentiation-related transcriptional factors TAL1 and BTG1 mRNA and the corresponding proteins were expressed more highly., Conclusion: ATO can induce the differentiation of K562 cells into erythroid cells and megakaryocyte, which is associated with up-regulation of the related transcription factors TAL1 and BTG1.