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551. Optický snímač polohy

Author

Dřínovský, Jiří, Frýza, Tomáš, Jakubík, Tomáš, Dřínovský, Jiří, Frýza, Tomáš, and Jakubík, Tomáš

Abstract

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá optickými snímačmi polohy používanými v počítačových myšiach a ich možnosťou použitia ako snímača polohy v 2D rovinnom systéme. V prvej časti bakalárskej práce je vysvetlený princíp a rozdiely vo funkcii jednotlivých druhov snímačov, ako aj popis metód určovania polohy snímača. Taktiež sa zaoberá aj možnosťou pripojenia takéhoto snímača k počítaču pomocou zariadenia ktoré zisťuje polohu snímača. V nasledujúcej časti práce je opísaná možnosť konštrukcie takéhoto zariadenia pomocou mikropočítačov vrátane popisu funkcií jednotlivých častí zariadenia. Posledná časť práce sa zaoberá ovládaním zariadenia a softwarovým spracovaním informácií pomocou počítača., This thesis deals with optical sensors used in computer mice and their possible use as a 2D plane positioning sensor system. The first part of the thesis explains the principles and differences in function of individual sensors, as well as a description of the methods used to determine to position of the sensor. The thesis also addresses the possibility of such a sensor connected to a PC using a device to determine the position of the sensor. In the next part of this work the option to build such a device with the use of microcontrollers is described, including a description of the functions of various parts of the device. Last part of the thesis deals with the control equipment and software processing of information by a computer.

552. Design počítačové myši

Author

Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, Uhlíř, Filip, Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, and Uhlíř, Filip

Abstract

V této bakalářské práci je řešen návrh počítačové myši určené pro úzkou oblast počítačové grafiky a 3D grafiky. Záměrem bylo navrhnout neotřelou koncepci myši, která svojí funkcionalitou a vzhledem předčí stávající produkci. Práce obsahuje rozbor a popis technologií používaných v myších a jejich historický vývoj. Druhá část je věnovaná mému návrhu, variantám a jeho specifikacím., In this bachelor’s thesis is solved a concept of computer mouse which is designed for a small field of computer graphics and 3D graphics. My objective was design novel concept of mouse that exceed the existing production by her visage and functionality. This project contains analysis and description of technology applied in mouse and theirs historical development. Second part is dedicated to my concept, variations and its specifications.

553. Snímač tepu integrovaný v počítačové myši

Author

Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, Dítě, Martin, Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, and Dítě, Martin

Abstract

Cílem této práce je navrhnout a zhotovit snímač tepové frekvence, zabudovaný v počítačové myši. Řešení využívá principu fotopletysmografie. Akviziční sestava byla zhotovena za pomocí vyrobeného optického detektoru, platformy Arduino a programu Matlab pro zpracování zaznamenaného signálu ze senzoru a pro závěrečný výpočet pulzu., The aim of this work is to design and establish computer mouse with in-build heart beat detector. The principles of photopletysmography were used for detector design. The heart beat detector consists from detector, Arduino, and Matlab program for signal analysis and beat rate computation.

554. Snímač tepu integrovaný v počítačové myši

Author

Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, Dítě, Martin, Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, and Dítě, Martin

Abstract

Cílem této práce je navrhnout a zhotovit snímač tepové frekvence, zabudovaný v počítačové myši. Řešení využívá principu fotopletysmografie. Akviziční sestava byla zhotovena za pomocí vyrobeného optického detektoru, platformy Arduino a programu Matlab pro zpracování zaznamenaného signálu ze senzoru a pro závěrečný výpočet pulzu., The aim of this work is to design and establish computer mouse with in-build heart beat detector. The principles of photopletysmography were used for detector design. The heart beat detector consists from detector, Arduino, and Matlab program for signal analysis and beat rate computation.

555. Optický snímač polohy

Author

Dřínovský, Jiří, Frýza, Tomáš, Jakubík, Tomáš, Dřínovský, Jiří, Frýza, Tomáš, and Jakubík, Tomáš

Abstract

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá optickými snímačmi polohy používanými v počítačových myšiach a ich možnosťou použitia ako snímača polohy v 2D rovinnom systéme. V prvej časti bakalárskej práce je vysvetlený princíp a rozdiely vo funkcii jednotlivých druhov snímačov, ako aj popis metód určovania polohy snímača. Taktiež sa zaoberá aj možnosťou pripojenia takéhoto snímača k počítaču pomocou zariadenia ktoré zisťuje polohu snímača. V nasledujúcej časti práce je opísaná možnosť konštrukcie takéhoto zariadenia pomocou mikropočítačov vrátane popisu funkcií jednotlivých častí zariadenia. Posledná časť práce sa zaoberá ovládaním zariadenia a softwarovým spracovaním informácií pomocou počítača., This thesis deals with optical sensors used in computer mice and their possible use as a 2D plane positioning sensor system. The first part of the thesis explains the principles and differences in function of individual sensors, as well as a description of the methods used to determine to position of the sensor. The thesis also addresses the possibility of such a sensor connected to a PC using a device to determine the position of the sensor. In the next part of this work the option to build such a device with the use of microcontrollers is described, including a description of the functions of various parts of the device. Last part of the thesis deals with the control equipment and software processing of information by a computer.

556. Design počítačové myši

Author

Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, Uhlíř, Filip, Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, and Uhlíř, Filip

Abstract

V této bakalářské práci je řešen návrh počítačové myši určené pro úzkou oblast počítačové grafiky a 3D grafiky. Záměrem bylo navrhnout neotřelou koncepci myši, která svojí funkcionalitou a vzhledem předčí stávající produkci. Práce obsahuje rozbor a popis technologií používaných v myších a jejich historický vývoj. Druhá část je věnovaná mému návrhu, variantám a jeho specifikacím., In this bachelor’s thesis is solved a concept of computer mouse which is designed for a small field of computer graphics and 3D graphics. My objective was design novel concept of mouse that exceed the existing production by her visage and functionality. This project contains analysis and description of technology applied in mouse and theirs historical development. Second part is dedicated to my concept, variations and its specifications.

557. Design počítačové myši

Author

Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, Uhlíř, Filip, Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, and Uhlíř, Filip

Abstract

V této bakalářské práci je řešen návrh počítačové myši určené pro úzkou oblast počítačové grafiky a 3D grafiky. Záměrem bylo navrhnout neotřelou koncepci myši, která svojí funkcionalitou a vzhledem předčí stávající produkci. Práce obsahuje rozbor a popis technologií používaných v myších a jejich historický vývoj. Druhá část je věnovaná mému návrhu, variantám a jeho specifikacím., In this bachelor’s thesis is solved a concept of computer mouse which is designed for a small field of computer graphics and 3D graphics. My objective was design novel concept of mouse that exceed the existing production by her visage and functionality. This project contains analysis and description of technology applied in mouse and theirs historical development. Second part is dedicated to my concept, variations and its specifications.

558. Snímač tepu integrovaný v počítačové myši

Author

Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, Janoušek, Oto, and Šikner, Tomáš

Abstract

Cílem této práce je navrhnout a zhotovit snímač tepové frekvence, zabudovaný v počítačové myši. Řešení využívá principu fotopletysmografie. Akviziční sestava byla zhotovena za pomocí vyrobeného optického detektoru, platformy Arduino a programu Matlab pro zpracování zaznamenaného signálu ze senzoru a pro závěrečný výpočet pulzu., The aim of this work is to design and establish computer mouse with in-build heart beat detector. The principles of photopletysmography were used for detector design. The heart beat detector consists from detector, Arduino, and Matlab program for signal analysis and beat rate computation.

559. Design počítačové myši

Author

Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, Rajlich, Jan, and Sládek, Josef

Abstract

V této bakalářské práci je řešen návrh počítačové myši určené pro úzkou oblast počítačové grafiky a 3D grafiky. Záměrem bylo navrhnout neotřelou koncepci myši, která svojí funkcionalitou a vzhledem předčí stávající produkci. Práce obsahuje rozbor a popis technologií používaných v myších a jejich historický vývoj. Druhá část je věnovaná mému návrhu, variantám a jeho specifikacím., In this bachelor’s thesis is solved a concept of computer mouse which is designed for a small field of computer graphics and 3D graphics. My objective was design novel concept of mouse that exceed the existing production by her visage and functionality. This project contains analysis and description of technology applied in mouse and theirs historical development. Second part is dedicated to my concept, variations and its specifications.

560. Design počítačové myši

Author

Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, Rajlich, Jan, and Sládek, Josef

Abstract

V této bakalářské práci je řešen návrh počítačové myši určené pro úzkou oblast počítačové grafiky a 3D grafiky. Záměrem bylo navrhnout neotřelou koncepci myši, která svojí funkcionalitou a vzhledem předčí stávající produkci. Práce obsahuje rozbor a popis technologií používaných v myších a jejich historický vývoj. Druhá část je věnovaná mému návrhu, variantám a jeho specifikacím., In this bachelor’s thesis is solved a concept of computer mouse which is designed for a small field of computer graphics and 3D graphics. My objective was design novel concept of mouse that exceed the existing production by her visage and functionality. This project contains analysis and description of technology applied in mouse and theirs historical development. Second part is dedicated to my concept, variations and its specifications.

561. Optický snímač polohy

Author

Dřínovský, Jiří, Frýza, Tomáš, Dřínovský, Jiří, and Frýza, Tomáš

Abstract

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá optickými snímačmi polohy používanými v počítačových myšiach a ich možnosťou použitia ako snímača polohy v 2D rovinnom systéme. V prvej časti bakalárskej práce je vysvetlený princíp a rozdiely vo funkcii jednotlivých druhov snímačov, ako aj popis metód určovania polohy snímača. Taktiež sa zaoberá aj možnosťou pripojenia takéhoto snímača k počítaču pomocou zariadenia ktoré zisťuje polohu snímača. V nasledujúcej časti práce je opísaná možnosť konštrukcie takéhoto zariadenia pomocou mikropočítačov vrátane popisu funkcií jednotlivých častí zariadenia. Posledná časť práce sa zaoberá ovládaním zariadenia a softwarovým spracovaním informácií pomocou počítača., This thesis deals with optical sensors used in computer mice and their possible use as a 2D plane positioning sensor system. The first part of the thesis explains the principles and differences in function of individual sensors, as well as a description of the methods used to determine to position of the sensor. The thesis also addresses the possibility of such a sensor connected to a PC using a device to determine the position of the sensor. In the next part of this work the option to build such a device with the use of microcontrollers is described, including a description of the functions of various parts of the device. Last part of the thesis deals with the control equipment and software processing of information by a computer.

562. Optický snímač polohy

Author

Dřínovský, Jiří, Frýza, Tomáš, Dřínovský, Jiří, and Frýza, Tomáš

Abstract

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá optickými snímačmi polohy používanými v počítačových myšiach a ich možnosťou použitia ako snímača polohy v 2D rovinnom systéme. V prvej časti bakalárskej práce je vysvetlený princíp a rozdiely vo funkcii jednotlivých druhov snímačov, ako aj popis metód určovania polohy snímača. Taktiež sa zaoberá aj možnosťou pripojenia takéhoto snímača k počítaču pomocou zariadenia ktoré zisťuje polohu snímača. V nasledujúcej časti práce je opísaná možnosť konštrukcie takéhoto zariadenia pomocou mikropočítačov vrátane popisu funkcií jednotlivých častí zariadenia. Posledná časť práce sa zaoberá ovládaním zariadenia a softwarovým spracovaním informácií pomocou počítača., This thesis deals with optical sensors used in computer mice and their possible use as a 2D plane positioning sensor system. The first part of the thesis explains the principles and differences in function of individual sensors, as well as a description of the methods used to determine to position of the sensor. The thesis also addresses the possibility of such a sensor connected to a PC using a device to determine the position of the sensor. In the next part of this work the option to build such a device with the use of microcontrollers is described, including a description of the functions of various parts of the device. Last part of the thesis deals with the control equipment and software processing of information by a computer.

563. Snímač tepu integrovaný v počítačové myši

Author

Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, Janoušek, Oto, and Šikner, Tomáš

Abstract

Cílem této práce je navrhnout a zhotovit snímač tepové frekvence, zabudovaný v počítačové myši. Řešení využívá principu fotopletysmografie. Akviziční sestava byla zhotovena za pomocí vyrobeného optického detektoru, platformy Arduino a programu Matlab pro zpracování zaznamenaného signálu ze senzoru a pro závěrečný výpočet pulzu., The aim of this work is to design and establish computer mouse with in-build heart beat detector. The principles of photopletysmography were used for detector design. The heart beat detector consists from detector, Arduino, and Matlab program for signal analysis and beat rate computation.

564. Design počítačové myši

Author

Rajlich, Jan, Sládek, Josef, Rajlich, Jan, and Sládek, Josef

Abstract

V této bakalářské práci je řešen návrh počítačové myši určené pro úzkou oblast počítačové grafiky a 3D grafiky. Záměrem bylo navrhnout neotřelou koncepci myši, která svojí funkcionalitou a vzhledem předčí stávající produkci. Práce obsahuje rozbor a popis technologií používaných v myších a jejich historický vývoj. Druhá část je věnovaná mému návrhu, variantám a jeho specifikacím., In this bachelor’s thesis is solved a concept of computer mouse which is designed for a small field of computer graphics and 3D graphics. My objective was design novel concept of mouse that exceed the existing production by her visage and functionality. This project contains analysis and description of technology applied in mouse and theirs historical development. Second part is dedicated to my concept, variations and its specifications.

565. Snímač tepu integrovaný v počítačové myši

Author

Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, Dítě, Martin, Janoušek, Oto, Šikner, Tomáš, and Dítě, Martin

Abstract

Cílem této práce je navrhnout a zhotovit snímač tepové frekvence, zabudovaný v počítačové myši. Řešení využívá principu fotopletysmografie. Akviziční sestava byla zhotovena za pomocí vyrobeného optického detektoru, platformy Arduino a programu Matlab pro zpracování zaznamenaného signálu ze senzoru a pro závěrečný výpočet pulzu., The aim of this work is to design and establish computer mouse with in-build heart beat detector. The principles of photopletysmography were used for detector design. The heart beat detector consists from detector, Arduino, and Matlab program for signal analysis and beat rate computation.

566. Carpal tunnel syndrome and the use of computer mouse and keyboard: A systematic review

Author

Fred Gerr, Jane Frølund Thomsen, and Isam Atroshi

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Sports medicine, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Cross-sectional study, Denmark, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Microcomputers, Rheumatology, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Carpal tunnel, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Carpal tunnel syndrome, Rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine.disease, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, nervous system diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical therapy, Computer mouse, lcsh:RC925-935, business, Research Article
Abstract

Background This review examines evidence for an association between computer work and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods A systematic review of studies of computer work and CTS was performed. Supplementary, longitudinal studies of low force, repetitive work and CTS, and studies of possible pathophysiological mechanisms were evaluated. Results Eight epidemiological studies of the association between computer work and CTS were identified. All eight studies had one or more limitation including imprecise exposure and outcome assessment, low statistical power or potentially serious biases. In three of the studies an exposure-response association was observed but because of possible misclassification no firm conclusions could be drawn. Three of the studies found risks below 1. Also longitudinal studies of repetitive low-force non-computer work (n = 3) were reviewed but these studies did not add evidence to an association. Measurements of carpal tunnel pressure (CTP) under conditions typically observed among computer users showed pressure values below levels considered harmful. However, during actual mouse use one study showed an increase of CTP to potentially harmful levels. The long term effects of prolonged or repeatedly increased pressures at these levels are not known, however. Conclusion There is insufficient epidemiological evidence that computer work causes CTS.

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567. Measuring muscle fatigue during computer mouse use

Author

Steven L. Lehman, David Rempel, and Peter Johnson

Subjects
body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle fatigue, business.industry, Ring finger, Biomechanics, Medicine, Stimulation, Anatomy, Computer mouse, business, Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
Abstract

The goal of this study is to determine whether muscle fatigue can be measured in the finger muscles used to grip the sides of a computer mouse. Ten subjects used a mouse with and without drag-lock intensively for six hours each on two separate days. The mouse was instrumented to continuously measure forces applied to the sides and button of the mouse. Before, during and after mouse use, the subject's level of muscle fatigue in the mousing hand was assessed by measuring the muscle twitch forces resulting from 2 Hz electrical stimulation of the ring finger Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle. Subjects applied a mean force equivalent of 0.6% MVC to the sides of both mice during the experiment. Significant levels of muscle fatigue (p=0.034) were measured after 3 hours of mouse operation and persisted up to 40 minutes after mouse use had ceased. This study demonstrates that muscle fatigue can be measured in the finger muscles after applying prolonged, low level, quasi-static forces to the sides of the mouse.

568. A Non-Contact Mouse for Surgeon-Computer Interaction

Author

Terrence Fong, Charles Baur, C. Grätzel, and Sebastien Grange

Subjects
Gestures, Computer science, [VRAI], Finite Element Analysis, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Health Informatics, Bioengineering, perceptual user interface, Computer aided surgery, Biomaterials, User-Computer Interface, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Human–computer interaction, Gesture recognition, Humans, book.journal, Computer mouse, computer aided surgery, Computer Peripherals, Vision based interface, book, Perceptual user interfaces, Information Systems, Gesture
Abstract

We have developed a system that uses computer vision to replace standard computer mouse functions with hand gestures. The system is designed to enable non-contact human-computer interaction (HCI), so that surgeons will be able to make more effective use of computers during surgery. In this paper, we begin by discussing the need for non-contact computer interfaces in the operating room. We then describe the design of our non-contact mouse system, focusing on the techniques used for hand detection, tracking, and gesture recognition. Finally, we present preliminary results from testing and planned future work.

569. Physical exposure differences between children and adults when using standard and small computer input devices

Author

Peter Johnson, Catherine J. Karr, Janet M. Blackstone, and Janice E. Camp

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Posture, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Input device, Electromyography, Audiology, Wrist, User-Computer Interface, Task Performance and Analysis, medicine, Humans, Child, Computer Peripherals, Anthropometry, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Age Factors, Consumer Behavior, Middle Aged, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Upper limb, Female, Ulnar deviation, Ergonomics, Extensor muscle, Computer mouse, business
Abstract

By the age of five years, 75% of the children in the USA are using computers and at this age they are only one-half to two-thirds the size of and about one-fifth as strong as their adult counterparts. Fourteen children between five and eight years of age and their same-gender biological parents (giving a total of 28 subjects) were evaluated using both a standard and a smaller, child-proportional input device during standardised mouse and keyboard tasks. Typing and computer mouse performance were measured with tracking software, wrist posture was measured with an electrogoniometer and electromyography was used to measure finger flexor and extensor muscle activity in the right arm. With the small mouse, both children and adults performed the mouse task significantly faster and made significantly fewer errors. When using the standard-sized mouse and keyboard, children worked with significantly greater ulnar deviation and significantly less extension than their adult counterparts. When children used the smaller mouse, finger flexor muscle activity, finger extensor muscle activity and ulnar deviation significantly decreased, with little change in wrist extension compared to the standard mouse. No significant differences were observed between the standard and small keyboards for children or their parents. Compared to their adult counterparts, children had to apply twice the relative force, as a percentage of their maximum capacity, to activate the buttons and keys on the input devices. These measured differences may have application in the design of computer input devices for children.

570. An ergonomic field comparison of a traditional computer mouse and a vertical computer mouse in uninjured office workers

Author

Leon Straker, Marvin J. Dainoff, Clare Pollock, Anthony Frosh, and Arne Aarås

Subjects
Engineering, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Word processing, Human factors and ergonomics, Usability, 050105 experimental psychology, Office workers, Medical Terminology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Rating scale, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Operations management, Computer mouse, business, 050107 human factors, Medical Assisting and Transcription
Abstract

27 office workers participated in a controlled field trial of a novel computer mouse design. Usability, performance and discomfort measures were taken prior to, during and post a 2 week trial period. Usability was assessed using rating scales based on Davis's Perceived Ease of Use Scale and ISO/DIS 9241-9 draft standard. Performance was measured as time to complete a series of standardised word processing tasks. Body parts discomfort was measured by visual analogue discomfort scales. Workers tended to find the vertical mouse less easy to use, especially in ease of movement. Performance with the vertical mouse tended to be slightly slower. Discomfort tended to be slightly lower for some workers during vertical mouse use.

571. Infrared thermography to qualify and quantify interaction between hand and computer mouse and its relationship to comfort

Author

Edie Adams, Melissa S. Jacobson, Hugh E. McLoone, and Peter Johnson

Subjects
Medical Terminology, Engineering, Matching (statistics), Iterative and incremental development, Software, business.industry, education, Thermography, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Computer mouse, business, Medical Assisting and Transcription
Abstract

Hand tools such a computer mice are designed by an iterative process of matching needs and characteristics of people to mechanical (hardware) and system (software) requirements. Comfort is one such human need. The location and amount of hand support or contact between users' hands and computer mice, in addition to other factors, may influence users' perceived comfort. Real-time infrared thermography was used to qualify and quantify heat signatures after brief periods of contact. Three uniquely different Microsoft computer mice were investigated. Participants were instructed to hold mice as they expected during use or as they remembered using during a target acquisition task. An infrared image was recorded of the palmar surface of the participant's hand and the top of computer mouse. Subjective perceptions of comfort were collected using Likert scales related to comfort, fit, control, maneuverability, and performance. Participants' preference rankings were also collected. The technique was sensitive enough to measure unique differences in contact area between participants' hands and the different computer mice. The amount of contact under the metacarpophalangeal ridge (i.e., pads of palm under knuckles) was related to the level of perceived comfort and preferences. This study demonstrated the utility of infrared thermography with subjective comfort impressions for qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating computer mouse designs.

572. Palmaris brevis spasm: An occupational syndrome

Author

P. Montagna, Vincenzo Donadio, V. Di Stasi, Rocco Liguori, and C. Cianchi

Subjects
Adult, Male, Spasm, Electrodiagnosis, Electromyography, Wrist, Diagnosis, Differential, Lesion, Motor unit potentials, medicine, Humans, Myokymia, Paresthesia, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computers, business.industry, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Hand, medicine.disease, Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes, Occupational Diseases, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ulnar nerve block, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Computer mouse, Ulnar Neuropathies, business
Abstract

Described are five patients who developed palmaris brevis (PB) spasm syndrome following prolonged use of a computer mouse and keyboard. Electromyography showed spontaneous activity characterized by irregular discharges of single motor unit potentials and myokymia from PB muscle that did not disappear after ulnar nerve block at the wrist, suggesting a distal lesion.

573. [Untitled]

Subjects
Horizontal and vertical, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Asymmetry, 050105 experimental psychology, Sensory Systems, 03 medical and health sciences, Ophthalmology, 0302 clinical medicine, Meridian (perimetry, visual field), Perception, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Computer mouse, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, media_common, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

The attentional repulsion effect (ARE) is a perceptual bias attributed to a covert shift of attention toward a peripheral cue, which, in turn, repulses the perceived position of a subsequently presented probe (Suzuki & Cavanagh, 1997). So far, probes were mainly presented around the vertical meridian. Other studies of perceptual biases reported disruptions when stimuli were presented across the vertical meridian. These disruptions were explained by separate representations of the left and right visual hemifields, projecting to opposite anatomical hemispheres. As the ARE is typically examined through two-alternative, forced-choice tasks in which the estimation of the probe's position is based on the cue's effectiveness to repulse the probe across the vertical meridian, no such asymmetry has been reported. To test for similar meridian disruptions in the ARE, we collected absolute estimations (computer mouse responses) of the perceived probe positions (Experiment 1a). As absolute estimations of memorized positions are associated with overestimated distances in reproduction, results had to be compared to a no-cue baseline condition (Experiment 1b). Through this new methodological approach, we found the ARE to be strongest when the attentional capturing cue and the subsequently presented probe were displayed in the same hemifield (Experiment 2a). In a further experiment (Experiment 2b), we observed that the ARE is not only disrupted at the vertical, but also at the horizontal meridian. These disruptions at both meridians suggest the involvement of visual neural areas with quadrantic representations, such as V2 and/or V3 in the generation of the ARE.

574. No transfer from visual to visuomotor perceptual learning and vice versa

Author

Lukasz Grzeczkowski, Michael H. Herzog, and Fred W. Mast

Subjects
Communication, Visual perception, visuomotor learning, business.industry, Speech recognition, bisection, Push-button, Stimulus (physiology), perceptual learning, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, Perceptual learning, Computer mouse, Psychology, business, Versa, Visual learning
Abstract

Perceptual learning is usually very specific. For example, performance improves when observers train with a vertical bisection stimulus. However, this improvement does not transfer to a horizontal bisection stimulus. Here, we show that perceptual learning is even specific for the response mode. Observers trained with vertical bisection stimuli comprising two outer and a central line. In the visuomotor learning condition, observers could adjust the center line by means of a computer mouse. Observers placed the center line in the middle between the two outer lines with a small displacement towards either the left or right outer line indicated by a cue randomly chosen. We asked observers to adjust the smallest displacement they could perceive. In the classical, visual learning condition, observers indicated by push button press if the center line was closer to the left or right outer line. Performance improved strongly in both conditions. However, improvements in either condition did not transfer to the other condition as shown by pre- and post-measurements, i.e., visuomotor learning did not improve visual performance and visual learning did not improve visuomotor performance. Hence, perceptual learning is specific to the response mode used during training- even though the visual stimuli are almost identical.

575. Enabling a real-time solution for neuron detection with reconfigurable hardware

Author

J. Goebel, Jennifer G. Dy, Ben Cordes, and Miriam Leeser

Subjects
Computer science, Real-time computing, Expectation–maximization algorithm, Statistical analysis, Baseline data, Computer mouse, Cluster analysis, Field-programmable gate array, Robotic arm, Reconfigurable computing
Abstract

FPGAs provide a speed advantage in processing for embedded systems, especially when processing is moved close to the sensors. Perhaps the ultimate embedded system is a neural prosthetic, where probes are inserted into the brain and recorded electrical activity is analyzed to determine which neurons have fired. In turn, this information can be used to manipulate an external device such as a robot arm or a computer mouse. To make the detection of these signals possible, some baseline data must be processed to correlate impulses to particular neurons. One method for processing this data uses a statistical clustering algorithm called expectation maximization, or EM. In this paper, we examine the EM clustering algorithm, determine the most computationally intensive portion, map it onto a reconfigurable device, and show several areas of performance gain.

576. Presurgical profile preferences of patients and clinicians

Author

Vincent J. Arpino, Ellen A. BeGole, Carla A. Evans, and Donald B. Giddon

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Oral Surgeon, medicine.medical_treatment, Dentists, Oral Surgical Procedures, Orthognathic surgery, Video Recording, Orthodontics, Mandible, Esthetics, Dental, Orthodontics, Corrective, Peer Group, Video imaging, medicine, Patient profile, Computer Graphics, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Significant difference, Surgery, Feature (computer vision), Patient Satisfaction, Face, Female, Significant other, Computer mouse, business, Malocclusion
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the presurgical preferences for profile change of patients seeking orthognathic surgery with the preferences of "significant others" and clinicians. In this study, five features of lateral profile images of 11 patients scheduled for orthognathic surgery limited to the mandible (ie, set-back or advancement) were animated for continuous change with the use of customized morphing software and video imaging. Each patient profile was evaluated by the patient, a significant other, three orthodontists, and three oral surgeons. As the feature animated between two extremes, the zone of acceptability was established by depressing the computer mouse when the changing feature became acceptable and releasing the button when the image was no longer acceptable. In a separate task, the participants were asked to indicate the most pleasing position. An analysis of variance was used to find a significant difference (P.017) in the zone of acceptability for all five profile features among all groups of evaluators. From smallest to largest, the order of the mean zone of acceptability was: orthognathic patientoral surgeonsignificant otherorthodontist. No consistent differences were found, however, for either the midpoint of acceptability or most pleasing distortion among the patients, significant others, and professional groups. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that (1) patients having orthognathic surgery were able to use this new video imaging method to communicate to clinicians what they find acceptable; and (2) although all groups had similar preferences, orthognathic patients had the lowest tolerance for deviation from the preferred image.

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