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Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer., Methods: A systematic literature search (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) as of March 2010 was performed to identify all eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data. Differences in short-term and long-term clinical outcomes after laparoscopic resection (LR) and open resection (OR) were analyzed using RevMan 5., Results: A total of 1042 abstracts were retrieved and 16 clinical controlled studies finally included. The total number of patients was 2850. There were 1145 patients received LR and 1705 received OR. The analyses showed that LR had longer operative time (WMD=42.50, 95%CI: 29.27 to 55.74, P<0.05), less harvested lymph nodes (WMD=-0.94, 95%CI: -1.47 to -0.41, P<0.05), and less blood loss (WMD=-158.46, 95%CI: -221.08 to -95.84, P<0.05) as compared to OR. LR was superior to OR in terms of surgical mortality (OR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.18 to 0.92, P=0.03), postoperative complications (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.61 to 0.87, P<0.05), and 5-year overall survival rate (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.21 to 2.02, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in positive rate of circumferential resection margin between the two groups (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.45 to 2.20, P=1.00)., Conclusion: Compared to open surgery, short-term and long-term clinical outcomes after laparoscopic surgery are favorable.

Objective: To investigate the association between the NINJ2 gene rs11833579 polymorphism and stroke in Han Chinese population., Methods: This study was a population-based cross-sectional case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing were used for the detection of NINJ2 genotypes in 790 patients with stroke (679 ischemic stroke) which were Han Chinese population from Fangshan First Hospital and 811 controls which were healthy Han Chinese population without family history of stroke in Fangshan district rural area., Results: In rs11833579 locus of the NINJ2 gene, the frequencies of GG genotype and allele G were higher in ischemic stroke patients than that in controls (P<0.001). The frequency of allele G of the NINJ2 gene was higher in cerebral hemorrhage patients than that in controls (P=0.005). Genotype had little effect on the glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride., Conclusion: There is significant association between rs11833579 site polymorphism of the NINJ2 gene and risk for stroke in Han Chinese population from Fangshan district.

Objective: To study the effect of ultrasonic irrigation in deactivating and eliminating the endotoxin in the root canals of chronic periapical periodontitis., Methods: 10 maxillary premolars with 2 root canals extracted because of serious chronic periapical periodontitis were opened conventionally and prepared with modified double-flared technique with apical foramen sealed. 30 microL 3% H2O2 solution was introduced into each root canal and 2 minutes ultrasonic vibration was given. Samples were taken before and after ultrasonic vibration. 10 maxillary premolars with 2 root canals of chronic periapical periodontitis of 10 patients in clinic were selected. The root canals of them were instrumented as above, followed by 2 minutes ultrasonic irrigation with asepsis distilled water. Samples were taken before, after root canal preparation and after ultrasonic irrigation. The endotoxin activity of them was tested by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test., Results: The mean endotoxin activity of extracted premolars before ultrasonic vibration was 4.069 EU x mL(-1) while after ultrasonic vibration it was 16.410 EU x mL(-1). There was great statistical difference between them (P < 0.01). The endotoxin activity after ultrasonic vibration was significantly higher than that of before vibration. The clinically mean endotoxin activity before, after root canal preparation and after ultrasonic irrigation were 44.860, 4.099, and 0.116 EU mL1 respectively. There was great statistical difference between the endotoxin activity before and after root canal preparation (P < 0.01). After the preparation, the endotoxin activity droped obviously. There was great statistical difference between the endotoxin activity before and after ultrasonic irrigation (P < 0.01). After ultrasonic irrigation, the endotoxin activity droped obviously., Conclusion: Under the condition of simulating clinical work presence, the ultrasonic irrigation can not intensify the effect of the root canal rinse solution in deactivating the endotoxin of infected root canals, but it may intensify the effect of the root canal rinse solution in eliminating the endotoxin of infected root canals.

A method is presented for the quantitative determination and confirmation of cyanuric acid in infant formula by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction cartridge clean up-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Cyanuric acid was extracted from infant formula with an acetic acid solution at 84 degrees C. An aliquot of the supernatant was cleaned up using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction cartridge containing C18 and graphitized carbon black (GCB), and evaporated to dryness under nitrogen. The residues were converted to trimethylsilyl derivatives, then determined by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The linear range was from 0.01 -2 mg/L. The recoveries were 80% - 103% and the relative standard deviations were 7.7% - 14.5% in the spiked range of 0.25 -2.5 mg/kg. The limit of detection was 0.10 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.25 mg/kg. The method is rapid, sensitive, accurate, specific, and rugged. It is suitable for the quantitative determination and confirmation of cyanuric acid in infant formula.

Objective: To investigate the association of -866A/G polymorphism of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene, and 54G/C polymorphism of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) gene with abdominal obesity in the population of type 2 diabetes mellitus families., Methods: Eligible type 2 diabetes mellitus cases from newly diagnosed and previous hospitalized patients were choson, then their family members (siblings and parents) tracked. A set of questionnaires was administered to obtain information on demographic characteristics. Physical measurements were recorded. DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust for within-family correlation in analysis of relationships of factors., Results: In the study population, the frequency of A allele of UCP2-866A/G polymorphism was 0.459, and of G allele 0.541; the frequency of G allele of SREBP1c 54G/C polymorphism was 0.822, and of C allele 0.178. Totally 762 participants were analyzed using GEE regression. It was shown that the odds ratio (OR) of the population with only 54G/C polymorphism of SREBP1c gene being the mutant type (GC/CC) was statistically significant while -866A/G polymorphism of UCP2 gene not being the mutant type (AG/GG) was not. The OR of the population with the opposite genotype status was 1.8 (P=0.042), and that with mutant types of both polymorphisms 3.2(P=0.001)., Conclusion: In the population of type 2 diabetes mellitus families, only 54G/C polymorphism of SREBP1c gene being the mutant type (GC/CC) might be a moderate risk factor of abdominal obesity. When both the two polymorphisms studied are the mutant type, the risk of abdominal obesity may increase significantly.

Objective: To investigate the reinfection rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosa by two measures of oral plaque control on patients, and to demonstrate the necessity and better method of plaque control on those patients., Methods: 148 patients suffered gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer were assigned into test group 1 (54 patients), test group 2 (55 patients) and control group (39 patients). 13C-urea breath test proved that there were no H. pylori in their gastric mucosa. Daily plaque control was used in test group 1, oral professorial interventions were added into test group 2, neither daily plaque control nor oral professorial interventions was conducted in control group. All patients were conducted 13C-urea breath test again after half a year to determine the reinfection rate of H. pylori in gastric mucosa., Results: 5 patients were eliminated because of stopping mouthwash in the test group 1, 8 patients failed to control dental plaque in the test group 2. The infection rates of H. pylori in gastric mucosa of test group 1, test group 2 and control group were 67.3%, 19.1%, 82.1%, respectively. The infection rate of H. pylori of test group 2 was lower significantly than that in control group and test group 1 (chi2=33, P<0.05; chi2=31.06, P<0.05). There were no significant difference between test group 1 and control group (chi2=2.43, 0.1

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantitative determination and confirmation of melamine and cyanuric acid in milk. The milk sample was extracted with diethylamine-acetonitrile-water solution. The extract was evaporated to dryness and derivatized with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS), then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The external standards were used for the quantitative determination. The linear range was from 0.025 to 2 mg/kg. The average recoveries were 84%-87% for melamine and 75%-102% for cyanuric acid, and the relative standard deviations were 5.7%-11.7% for melamine and 4.9%-7.8% for cyanuric acid in the spiked levels at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg. The limits of detection of melamine and cyanuric acid were 0.05 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively. The method is suitable for the quantitative determination and confirmation of melainine and cyanuric acid residues in milk.

Objective: To investigate the association among serum lipids, blood pressure, -514C/T polymorphism of hepatic lipase gene and subtypes of ischemic stroke in the discordant sib pairs., Methods: Ischemic stroke cases were enrolled from a hospital-based stroke registry, the proband-initiated contact was used to recruit pedigrees, and participants' information and blood samples were collected through the community-based health care networks in rural areas of China. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare quantitative differences between sib pairs and the McNemar test to compare qualitative differences. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust for within-family correlation in analysis of discordant sib pairs. Family based association test (FBAT) was applied to associations between serum lipids, blood pressure and the -514T allele in hepatic lipase gene., Results: Totally 107 discordant sib pairs from 71 ischemic stroke patients pedigrees were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. The blood pressure and serum lipids were associated with ischemic stroke (P<0.05) The lipid level was higher in large-artery atherosclerosis ischemic stroke than in the subtype of small-vessel occlusion, while the blood pressure was higher in the latter. The -514T allele in hepatic lipase gene was associated with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and diastolic blood pressure in additive model by FBAT analysis (Z=2.366, P<0.05), and it was also associated with diastolic blood pressure in additive model (Z=-2.277, P<0.05) and recessive model (Z=-2.244,P< 0.05), but not associated with ischemic stroke or its subtypes., Conclusion: In these discordant sib pairs, the abnormalities of blood pressure and serum lipids may increase risks of ischemic stroke, and different subtypes of ischemic stroke may differ from each other in etiology. The -514T allele in hepatic lipase gene may be associated with LDL-C and diastolic blood pressure.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term clinical curative effects, cost effective ratio between ProFile nickel-titanium rotary preparation technique and stainless steel hand K-files preparation technique in molar root canal therapy., Methods: All patients were randomly divided into two groups: 49 cases were prepared with stainless steel hand K-files in routine preparation technique; 45 cases were prepared with ProFile nickel-titanium rotary instruments in step-down technique. The clinical symptoms and cost were recorded. The data was analyzed by SPSS11.5 software package., Results: The satisfactory rate of clinical effect of the NRPT group was significantly higher than SSPT(P = 0.034); The mean cost of the NRPT was significantly higher than SSPT (P = 0.001), the satisfactory rate of NRPT in severe curve subgroup was significantly higher than that of SSPT (P = 0.007), however, the C/E of NRPT was 394.52 Yuan less than SSPT. The former was 192.04 Yuan more than the latter in light curve subgroup. When it was classified by periapical condition before treatment, the satisfactory rate of NRPT was significantly higher than SSPT in negative subgroup yet (P = 0.012), the C/E of the former was 32.32 Yuan more than the latter; nevertheless, the C/E of the former was 376.47 Yuan more than the latter in positive subgroup;, Conclusions: It is better to prepare with ProFile nickel-titanium rotary preparation technique in severe curve subgroup, however, the light curve subgroup should be prepared with stainless steel hand K-files preparation technique. To patients with positive periodontopathy, SSPT would save the cost of treatments, nevertheless, NRPT group have a higher short-term recent effect.

Purpose: To study the influence of coronal preflaring of root canal on the working length measurement in molars., Methods: 48 molars from 47 adult patients with pulpitis were divided into two groups randomly. 74 root canals of 24 molars were examined in Group 1. After preparing an access cavity, the root canal orifices were located. A 15# K-type file was inserted into root canal to detect resistance at the apical region. 75 root canals of 24 molars were examined in Group 2. Before testing the apical resistance,a size 25# and 20# ProFile.06 taper NiTi rotary instrument was used to enlarge the canal orifice and flare the coronal portion of the root canal. After placing 15# K-type files, a radiograph was taken with the bisecting-angle technique. The distance between the tip of the file and the radiographic apex was measured on the radiographs. Statistical analysis of univariate and multiple logistic regression were carried out for analysis., Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), there were more accurate measurements in Group 2 than in Group 1. No statistical correlation was found between X-ray measurements and age, sex and the position of molars,while there was significant correlation between maxillary molars and mandibular molars (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Preflaring the coronal portion of the root canals could significantly increase the accurate measurements of the working length of root canals in molars.