906 results on '"Budker, D."'
Search Results
52. Characterization of high-temperature performance of cesium vapor cells with anti-relaxation coating
- Author
-
Li, W, Balabas, M, Peng, X, Pustelny, S, Wickenbrock, A, Guo, H, and Budker, D
- Subjects
physics.atom-ph ,Applied Physics ,Mathematical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering - Abstract
Vapor cells with antirelaxation coating are widely used in modern atomic physics experiments due to the coating's ability to maintain the atoms' spin polarization during wall collisions. We characterize the performance of vapor cells with different coating materials by measuring longitudinal spin relaxation and vapor density at temperatures up to 95 °C. We infer that the spin-projection-noise-limited sensitivity for atomic magnetometers with such cells improves with temperature, which demonstrates the potential of antirelaxation coated cells in applications of future high-sensitivity magnetometers.
- Published
- 2017
53. Optical quenching and recovery of photoconductivity in single-crystal diamond
- Author
-
Chen, J, Lourette, S, Rezai, K, Hoelzer, T, Lake, M, Nesladek, M, Bouchard, L-S, Hemmer, P, and Budker, D
- Subjects
physics.optics ,cond-mat.mes-hall ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering ,Technology ,Applied Physics - Abstract
We study the photocurrent induced by pulsed-light illumination (pulse duration is several nanoseconds) of single-crystal diamond containing nitrogen impurities. Application of additional continuous-wave light of the same wavelength quenches pulsed photocurrent. Characterization of the optically quenched photocurrent and its recovery is important for the development of diamond based electronics and sensing.
- Published
- 2017
54. Search for the Effect of Massive Bodies on Atomic Spectra and Constraints on Yukawa-Type Interactions of Scalar Particles
- Author
-
Leefer, N, Gerhardus, A, Budker, D, Flambaum, VV, and Stadnik, YV
- Subjects
physics.atom-ph ,hep-ex ,hep-ph ,Mathematical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering ,General Physics - Abstract
We propose a new method to search for hypothetical scalar particles that have feeble interactions with standard-model particles. In the presence of massive bodies, these interactions produce a nonzero Yukawa-type scalar-field magnitude. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy data of atomic dysprosium, as well as atomic clock spectroscopy data, we constrain the Yukawa-type interactions of a scalar field with the photon, electron, and nucleons for a range of scalar-particle masses corresponding to length scales >10 cm. In the limit as the scalar-particle mass m_{ϕ}→0, our derived limits on the Yukawa-type interaction parameters are Λ_{γ}≳8×10^{19} GeV, Λ_{e}≳1.3×10^{19} GeV, and Λ_{N}≳6×10^{20} GeV. Our measurements also constrain combinations of interaction parameters, which cannot otherwise be probed with traditional anomalous-force measurements. We suggest further measurements to improve on the current level of sensitivity.
- Published
- 2016
55. Longitudinal spin-relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy centers in electron irradiated diamond
- Author
-
Jarmola, A., Berzins, A., Smits, J., Smits, K., Prikulis, J., Gahbauer, F., Ferber, R., Erts, D., Auzinsh, M., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We present systematic measurements of longitudinal relaxation rates ($1/T_1$) of spin polarization in the ground state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^-$) color center in synthetic diamond as a function of NV$^-$ concentration and magnetic field $B$. NV$^-$ centers were created by irradiating a Type 1b single-crystal diamond along the [100] axis with 200 keV electrons from a transmission electron microscope with varying doses to achieve spots of different NV$^-$ center concentrations. Values of ($1/T_1$) were measured for each spot as a function of $B$., Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. Nonlinear Magneto-Optical Rotation in Rubidium Vapor Excited with Blue Light
- Author
-
Pustelny, S., Busaite, L., Akulshin, A., Auzinsh, M., Leefer, N., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Optics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We present experimental and numerical studies of nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) in rubidium vapor excited with resonant light tuned to the $5^2\!S_{1/2}\rightarrow 6^2\!P_{1/2}$ absorption line (421~nm). Contrary to the experiments performed to date on the strong $D_1$ or $D_2$ lines, in this case, the spontaneous decay of the excited state $6^2\!P_{1/2}$ may occur via multiple intermediate states, affecting the dynamics, magnitude and other characteristics of NMOR. Comparing the experimental results with the results of modelling based on Auzinsh et al., Phys. Rev. A 80, 1 (2009), we demonstrate that despite the complexity of the structure, NMOR can be adequately described with a model, where only a single excited-state relaxation rate is used., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures
- Published
- 2015
57. Longitudinal spin relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
- Author
-
Mrozek, M., Rudnicki, D., Kehayias, P., Jarmola, A., Budker, D., and Gawlik, W.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
We present an experimental study of the longitudinal electron-spin relaxation of ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV ) centers in diamond. The measurements were performed with samples having different NV- concentrations and at different temperatures and magnetic fields. We found that the relaxation rate T1-1 increases when transition frequencies in NV- centers with different orientations become degenerate and interpret this as cross-relaxation caused by dipole-dipole interaction., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2015
58. Optical control of resonant light transmission for an atom-cavity system
- Author
-
Sharma, Arijit, Ray, Tridib, Sawant, Rahul V., Sheikholeslami, G., Budker, D., and Rangwala, S. A.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
We demonstrate the manipulation of transmitted light through an optical Fabry-Perot cavity, built around a spectroscopy cell containing enriched rubidium vapor. Light resonant with the $^{87}$Rb D$_{2}$ ($F=2/F=1$) $\leftrightarrow F'$ manifold, is controlled by transverse intersection of the cavity mode by another resonant light beam. The cavity transmission can be suppressed or enhanced depending on the coupling of atomic states due to the intersecting beams. The extreme manifestation of cavity mode control is the precipitious destruction (negative logic switching) or buildup (positive logic switching) of the transmitted light intensity, on intersection of the transverse control beam with the cavity mode. Both the steady state and transient response are experimentally investigated. The mechanism behind the change in cavity transmission is discussed in brief., Comment: 9 pages, 13 figures
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy via Relaxation of Solid-State Spin Probes at the Nanoscale
- Author
-
Hall, L. T., Kehayias, P., Simpson, D. A., Jarmola, A., Stacey, A., Budker, D., and Hollenberg, L. C. L.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) describes a suite of techniques for characterising electronic systems, with applications in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biology. However, the requirement for large electron spin ensembles in conventional ESR techniques limits their spatial resolution. Here we present a method for measuring the ESR spectrum of nanoscale electronic environments by measuring the relaxation time ($T_1$) of an optically addressed single-spin probe as it is systematically tuned into resonance with the target electronic system. As a proof of concept we extract the spectral distribution for the P1 electronic spin bath in diamond using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centres, and demonstrate excellent agreement with theoretical expectations. As the response of each NV spin in this experiment is dominated by a single P1 spin at a mean distance of 2.7\,nm, the extension of this all-optical technique to the single NV case will enable nanoscale ESR spectroscopy of atomic and molecular spin systems., Comment: fourteen pages (seven pages associated with main body of work, and seven pages of supplementary information), five figures (four figures associated with main body of work, and one supplementary figure)
- Published
- 2015
60. Photoelectrical detection of electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
- Author
-
Bourgeois, E., Jarmola, A., Gulka, M., Hruby, J., Budker, D., and Nesladek, M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The protocols for the control and readout of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centres electron spins in diamond offer an advanced platform for quantum computation, metrology and sensing. These protocols are based on the optical readout of photons emitted from NV centres, which process is limited by the yield of photons collection. Here we report on a novel principle for the detection of NV centres magnetic resonance in diamond by directly monitoring spin-preserving electron transitions through measurement of NV centre related photocurrent. The demonstrated direct detection technique offers a sensitive way for the readout of diamond NV sensors and diamond quantum devices on diamond chips. The Photocurrent Detection of Magnetic Resonance (PDMR) scheme is based on the detection of charge carriers promoted to the conduction band of diamond by the two-photon ionization of NV- centres. Optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) and PDMR are compared, by performing both measurements simultaneously. The minima detected in the measured photocurrent at resonant microwave frequencies are attributed to the spin-dependent occupation probability of the NV- ground state, originating from spin-selective non-radiative transitions., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Noise characterization of an atomic magnetometer at sub-millihertz frequencies
- Author
-
Mateos, I., Patton, B., Zhivun, E., Budker, D., Wurm, D., and Ramos-Castro, J.
- Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
Noise measurements have been carried out in the LISA bandwidth (0.1 mHz to 100 mHz) to characterize an all-optical atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation. This was done in order to assess if the technology can be used for space missions with demanding low-frequency requirements like the LISA concept. Magnetometry for low-frequency applications is usually limited by $1/f$ noise and thermal drifts, which become the dominant contributions at sub-millihertz frequencies. Magnetic field measurements with atomic magnetometers are not immune to low-frequency fluctuations and significant excess noise may arise due to external elements, such as temperature fluctuations or intrinsic noise in the electronics. In addition, low-frequency drifts in the applied magnetic field have been identified in order to distinguish their noise contribution from that of the sensor. We have found the technology suitable for LISA in terms of sensitivity, although further work must be done to characterize the low-frequency noise in a miniaturized setup suitable for space missions., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures
- Published
- 2015
62. Towards a new measurement of parity violation in dysprosium
- Author
-
Leefer, N., Bougas, L., Antypas, D., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
The dysprosium parity violation experiment concluded nearly 17 years ago with an upper limit on weak interaction induced mixing of nearly degenerate, opposite parity states in atomic dysprosium. While that experiment was limited in sensitivity by statistics, a new apparatus constructed in the interim for radio-frequency spectroscopy is expected to provide significant improvements to the statistical sensitivity. Preliminary work from the new PV experiment in dysprosium is presented with a discussion of the current statistical sensitivity and outlook., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to proceedings of PAVI2014, the 6th workshop of the series "From Parity Violation to Hadronic Structure and more"
- Published
- 2014
63. Magnetic shielding and exotic spin-dependent interactions
- Author
-
Jackson Kimball, DF, Dudley, J, Li, Y, Thulasi, S, Pustelny, S, Budker, D, and Zolotorev, M
- Subjects
physics.ins-det ,hep-ph - Abstract
Experiments searching for exotic spin-dependent interactions typically employ magnetic shielding between the source of the exotic field and the interrogated spins. We explore the question of what effect magnetic shielding has on detectable signals induced by exotic fields. Our general conclusion is that for common experimental geometries and conditions, magnetic shields should not significantly reduce sensitivity to exotic spin-dependent interactions, especially when the technique of comagnetometry is used. However, exotic fields that couple to electron spin can induce magnetic fields in the interior of shields made of a soft ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. This induced magnetic field must be taken into account in the interpretation of experiments searching for new spin-dependent interactions and raises the possibility of using a flux concentrator inside magnetic shields to amplify exotic spin-dependent signals.
- Published
- 2016
64. Magnetic shielding and exotic spin-dependent interactions
- Author
-
Kimball, DF Jackson, Dudley, J, Li, Y, Thulasi, S, Pustelny, S, Budker, D, and Zolotorev, M
- Subjects
physics.ins-det ,hep-ph ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Quantum Physics ,Nuclear & Particles Physics - Abstract
Experiments searching for exotic spin-dependent interactions typically employ magnetic shielding between the source of the exotic field and the interrogated spins. We explore the question of what effect magnetic shielding has on detectable signals induced by exotic fields. Our general conclusion is that for common experimental geometries and conditions, magnetic shields should not significantly reduce sensitivity to exotic spin-dependent interactions, especially when the technique of comagnetometry is used. However, exotic fields that couple to electron spin can induce magnetic fields in the interior of shields made of a soft ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material. This induced magnetic field must be taken into account in the interpretation of experiments searching for new spin-dependent interactions and raises the possibility of using a flux concentrator inside magnetic shields to amplify exotic spin-dependent signals.
- Published
- 2016
65. Optically detected magnetic resonances of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in C 13 -enriched diamond
- Author
-
Jarmola, A, Bodrog, Z, Kehayias, P, Markham, M, Hall, J, Twitchen, DJ, Acosta, VM, Gali, A, and Budker, D
- Subjects
quant-ph ,cond-mat.mes-hall - Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the optically detected magnetic resonance signals for ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a C13 isotopically enriched single-crystal diamond. We observe four broad transition peaks with superimposed sharp features at zero magnetic field and study their dependence on an applied magnetic field. A theoretical model that reproduces all qualitative features of these spectra is developed. Understanding the magnetic-resonance spectra of NV centers in an isotopically enriched diamond is important for emerging applications in nuclear magnetic resonance.
- Published
- 2016
66. Optically detected magnetic resonances of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in C13-enriched diamond
- Author
-
Jarmola, A, Bodrog, Z, Kehayias, P, Markham, M, Hall, J, Twitchen, DJ, Acosta, VM, Gali, A, and Budker, D
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Physical Sciences ,quant-ph ,cond-mat.mes-hall ,Chemical sciences ,Engineering ,Physical sciences - Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the optically detected magnetic resonance signals for ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a C13 isotopically enriched single-crystal diamond. We observe four broad transition peaks with superimposed sharp features at zero magnetic field and study their dependence on an applied magnetic field. A theoretical model that reproduces all qualitative features of these spectra is developed. Understanding the magnetic-resonance spectra of NV centers in an isotopically enriched diamond is important for emerging applications in nuclear magnetic resonance.
- Published
- 2016
67. Microwave-free magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Author
-
Wickenbrock, A, Zheng, H, Bougas, L, Leefer, N, Afach, S, Jarmola, A, Acosta, VM, and Budker, D
- Subjects
cond-mat.mes-hall ,physics.ins-det ,physics.optics ,Applied Physics ,Engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Technology - Abstract
We use magnetic-field-dependent features in the photoluminescence of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers to measure magnetic fields without the use of microwaves. In particular, we present a magnetometer based on the level anti-crossing in the triplet ground state at 102.4 mT with a demonstrated noise floor of 6 nT/ Hz, limited by the intensity noise of the laser and the performance of the background-field power supply. The technique presented here can be useful in applications where the sensor is placed close to conductive materials, e.g., magnetic induction tomography or magnetic field mapping, and in remote-sensing applications since principally no electrical access is needed.
- Published
- 2016
68. Vector light shift averaging in paraffin-coated alkali vapor cells
- Author
-
Zhivun, E, Wickenbrock, A, Sudyka, J, Patton, B, Pustelny, S, and Budker, D
- Subjects
physics.atom-ph ,Optics ,Optical Physics ,Communications Technologies ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Abstract
Light shifts are an important source of noise and systematics in optically pumped magnetometers. We demonstrate that the long spin-coherence time in paraffin-coated cells leads to spatial averaging of the vector light shift over the entire cell volume. This renders the averaged vector light shift independent, under certain approximations, of the light-intensity distribution within the sensor cell. Importantly, the demonstrated averaging mechanism can be extended to other spatially varying phenomena in anti-relaxation-coated cells with long coherence times.
- Published
- 2016
69. Dichroic atomic vapor laser lock with multi-gigahertz stabilization range.
- Author
-
Pustelny, S, Schultze, V, Scholtes, T, and Budker, D
- Subjects
physics.ins-det ,physics.atom-ph ,physics.optics ,Applied Physics ,Engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Chemical Sciences - Abstract
A dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) system exploiting buffer-gas-filled millimeter-scale vapor cells is presented. This system offers similar stability as achievable with conventional DAVLL system using bulk vapor cells, but has several important advantages. In addition to its compactness, it may provide continuous stabilization in a multi-gigahertz range around the optical transition. This range may be controlled either by changing the temperature of the vapor or by application of a buffer gas under an appropriate pressure. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate the ability of the system to lock the laser frequency between two hyperfine components of the (85)Rb ground state or as far as 16 GHz away from the closest optical transition.
- Published
- 2016
70. Eddy current imaging with an atomic radio-frequency magnetometer
- Author
-
Wickenbrock, A, Leefer, N, Blanchard, JW, and Budker, D
- Subjects
physics.ins-det ,physics.atom-ph ,Applied Physics ,Engineering ,Physical Sciences ,Technology - Abstract
We use a radio-frequency 85Rb alkali-vapor cell magnetometer based on a paraffin-coated cell with long spin-coherence time and a small, low-inductance driving coil to create highly resolved conductivity maps of different objects. We resolve sub-mm features in conductive objects, we characterize the frequency response of our technique, and by operating at frequencies up to 250 kHz we are able to discriminate between differently conductive materials based on the induced response. The method is suited to cover a wide range of driving frequencies and can potentially be used for detecting non-metallic objects with low DC conductivity.
- Published
- 2016
71. Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of alkali metal vapor interaction with alkene-based anti-relaxation coating
- Author
-
Tretiak, O Yu, Blanchard, JW, Budker, D, Olshin, PK, Smirnov, SN, and Balabas, MV
- Subjects
Biotechnology ,cond-mat.mtrl-sci ,physics.chem-ph ,Physical Sciences ,Chemical Sciences ,Engineering ,Chemical Physics - Abstract
The use of anti-relaxation coatings in alkali vapor cells yields substantial performance improvements compared to a bare glass surface by reducing the probability of spin relaxation in wall collisions by several orders of magnitude. Some of the most effective anti-relaxation coating materials are alpha-olefins, which (as in the case of more traditional paraffin coatings) must undergo a curing period after cell manufacturing in order to achieve the desired behavior. Until now, however, it has been unclear what physicochemical processes occur during cell curing, and how they may affect relevant cell properties. We present the results of nondestructive Raman-spectroscopy and magnetic-resonance investigations of the influence of alkali metal vapor (Cs or K) on an alpha-olefin, 1-nonadecene coating the inner surface of a glass cell. It was found that during the curing process, the alkali metal catalyzes migration of the carbon-carbon double bond, yielding a mixture of cis- and trans-2-nonadecene.
- Published
- 2016
72. Column: Paper craft
- Author
-
Budker, D and Kimball, DJ
- Subjects
physics.ed-ph ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Several years ago, one of us, having noticed that inexperienced scientiststend to make largely the same mistakes while writing their first papers, wascompelled to write a one-page note summarizing some dos and don'ts intended tohelp take care of common problems before they occur. Since these days themajority of research papers are written collaboratively by groups ofco-authors, we are compelled to extend these recommendations to collaborativewriting as we observe groups of co-authors falling into the same traps againand again.
- Published
- 2016
73. Detection of nanoscale electron spin resonance spectra demonstrated using nitrogen-vacancy centre probes in diamond.
- Author
-
Hall, LT, Kehayias, P, Simpson, DA, Jarmola, A, Stacey, A, Budker, D, and Hollenberg, LCL
- Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) describes a suite of techniques for characterizing electronic systems with applications in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, the requirement for large electron spin ensembles in conventional ESR techniques limits their spatial resolution. Here we present a method for measuring ESR spectra of nanoscale electronic environments by measuring the longitudinal relaxation time of a single-spin probe as it is systematically tuned into resonance with the target electronic system. As a proof of concept, we extracted the spectral distribution for the P1 electronic spin bath in diamond by using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centres, and demonstrated excellent agreement with theoretical expectations. As the response of each nitrogen-vacancy spin in this experiment is dominated by a single P1 spin at a mean distance of 2.7 nm, the application of this technique to the single nitrogen-vacancy case will enable nanoscale ESR spectroscopy of atomic and molecular spin systems.
- Published
- 2016
74. Efficient polarization of high-angular-momentum systems
- Author
-
Rochester, S, Pustelny, S, Szymański, K, Raizen, M, Auzinsh, M, and Budker, D
- Subjects
physics.atom-ph - Abstract
We present a novel technique of efficient optical pumping of open, high-angular-momentum systems. The method combines two well-established approaches of population manipulation (conventional optical pumping and coherent population transfer), offering the ability to achieve higher population of a sublevel with the highest or lowest quantum number m (the "end state") than obtainable with either of the techniques. To accomplish this task, we propose to use coherent-population-transfer technique (e.g., adiabatic fast passage) to arrange the system in such a way that spontaneously emitted photon (conventional optical pumping) carries away more entropy than in conventional schemes. This enables reduction of a number of spontaneous decays Nsd required to pump the system with the total angular momentum J from Nsd = J decays in the conventional scheme to Nsd ≤ log2(2J) decays in the proposed scheme. Since each spontaneous-emission event is potentially burdened with a loss of population (population is transferred to a dark state), this enables increasing population accumulated in the "end state", which is important for many applications.
- Published
- 2016
75. Parity-violating interactions of cosmic fields with atoms, molecules, and nuclei: Concepts and calculations for laboratory searches and extracting limits
- Author
-
Roberts, B. M., Stadnik, Y. V., Dzuba, V. A., Flambaum, V. V., Leefer, N., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Nuclear Theory ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Space Physics - Abstract
We propose methods and present calculations that can be used to search for evidence of cosmic fields by investigating the parity-violating effects, including parity nonconservation amplitudes and electric dipole moments, that they induce in atoms. The results are used to constrain important fundamental parameters describing the strength of the interaction of various cosmic fields with electrons, protons, and neutrons. Candidates for such fields are dark matter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exotic sources described by standard-model extensions. Existing parity nonconservation experiments in Cs, Dy, Yb, and Tl are combined with our calculations to directly place limits on the interaction strength between the temporal component, b_0, of a static pseudovector cosmic field and the atomic electrons, with the most stringent limit of |b_0^e| < 7*10^(-15) GeV, in the laboratory frame of reference, coming from Dy. From a measurement of the nuclear anapole moment of Cs, and a limit on its value for Tl, we also extract limits on the interaction strength between the temporal component of this cosmic field, as well as a related tensor cosmic-field component d_00, with protons and neutrons. The most stringent limits of |b_0^p| < 4*10^(-8) GeV and |d_00^p| < 5*10^(-8) for protons, and |b_0^n| < 2*10^(-7) GeV and |d_00^n| < 2*10^(-7) for neutrons (in the laboratory frame) come from the results using Cs. Axions may induce oscillating P- and T-violating effects in atoms and molecules through the generation of oscillating nuclear magnetic quadrupole and Schiff moments, which arise from P- and T-odd intranuclear forces and from the electric dipole moments of constituent nucleons. Nuclear-spin-independent parity nonconservation effects may be enhanced in diatomic molecules possessing close pairs of opposite-parity levels in the presence of time-dependent interactions., Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, Editor's Suggestion
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Limiting P-odd interactions of cosmic fields with electrons, protons and neutrons
- Author
-
Roberts, B. M., Stadnik, Y. V., Dzuba, V. A., Flambaum, V. V., Leefer, N., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Nuclear Theory ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Space Physics - Abstract
We propose methods for extracting limits on the strength of P-odd interactions of pseudoscalar and pseudovector cosmic fields with electrons, protons and neutrons. Candidates for such fields are dark matter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exotic sources described by standard-model extensions. Calculations of parity nonconserving amplitudes and atomic electric dipole moments induced by these fields are performed for H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ba+, Tl, Dy, Fr, and Ra+. From these calculations and existing measurements in Dy, Cs and Tl, we constrain the interaction strengths of the parity-violating static pseudovector cosmic field to be 7*10^(-15) GeV with an electron, and 3*10^(-8) GeV with a proton., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. All-Optical Vector Atomic Magnetometer
- Author
-
Patton, B., Zhivun, E., Hovde, D. C., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field along orthogonal axes and subsequent demodulation of the magnetic-resonance frequency. This modulation is provided by the AC Stark shift induced by circularly polarized laser beams. The sensor exhibits a demonstrated rms noise floor of 50 fT/Hz^(1/2) in measurement of the field magnitude and 0.5 mrad/Hz^(1/2) in the field direction; elimination of technical noise would improve these sensitivities to 12 fT/Hz^(1/2) and 5 microrad/Hz^(1/2), respectively. Applications for a precise all-optical vector magnetometer would include magnetically sensitive fundamental physics experiments, such as the search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures Supplemental Material: 3 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Stark shift and parity non-conservation for near-degenerate states of xenon
- Author
-
Bougas, L., Katsoprinakis, G. E., Sofikitis, D., Rakitzis, T. P., Samartzis, P. C., Kitsopoulos, T. N., Sapirstein, J., Budker, D., Dzuba, V. A., Flambaum, V. V., and Kozlov, M. G.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We identify a pair of near-degenerate states of opposite parity in atomic Xe, the $5p^5 10s \,\, ^2[3/2]_2^o$ at $\rm{E}=94759.927$ cm$^{-1}$ and $5p^5 6f \,\, ^2[5/2]_2$ at $\rm{E}= 94759.935$ cm$^{-1}$, for which parity- and time-odd effects are expected to be enhanced by the small energy separation. We present theoretical calculations which indicate narrow widths for both states and we report a calculated value for the weak matrix element, arising from configuration mixing, of $|W|=2.1$ Hz for $^{132}$Xe. In addition, we measured the Stark effect of the $5p^5\,6f$ $^2[5/2]_{2}$ and $5p^5 \,6f \ ^2[3/2]_2$ ($\rm{E} =94737.121\,\rm{cm}^{-1}$) states. The Stark-shift of the $6f$ states is observed to be negative, revealing the presence of nearby $6g$ states at higher energies, which have not been observed before. The Stark-shift measurements imply an upper limit on the weak matrix element of $|W|\!<\!5$ Hz for the near-degenerate states ($10s \,\, ^2[3/2]_2^o$ and $6f \,\, ^2[5/2]_2$), which is in agreement with the presented calculations., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. Microwave saturation spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
- Author
-
Kehayias, P., Mrózek, M., Acosta, V. M., Jarmola, A., Rudnicki, D. S., Folman, R., Gawlik, W., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Optics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
Negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^-$) centers in diamond have generated much recent interest for their use in sensing. The sensitivity improves when the NV ground-state microwave transitions are narrow, but these transitions suffer from inhomogeneous broadening, especially in high-density NV ensembles. To better understand and remove the sources of broadening, we demonstrate room-temperature spectral "hole burning" of the NV ground-state transitions. We find that hole burning removes the broadening caused by magnetic fields from $^{13}$C nuclei and demonstrate that it can be used for magnetic-field-insensitive thermometry., Comment: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplement: 6 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Cavity-enhanced room-temperature magnetometry using absorption by nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Author
-
Jensen, K., Leefer, N., Jarmola, A., Dumeige, Y., Acosta, V. M., Kehayias, P., Patton, B., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics - Abstract
We demonstrate a cavity-enhanced room-temperature magnetic field sensor based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Magnetic resonance is detected using absorption of light resonant with the 1042 nm spin-singlet transition. The diamond is placed in an external optical cavity to enhance the absorption, and significant absorption is observed even at room temperature. We demonstrate a magnetic field sensitivity of 2.5 nT/sqrt(Hz), and project a photon shot-noise-limited sensitivity of 70 pT/sqrt(Hz) for a few mW of infrared light, and a quantum projection-noise-limited sensitivity of 250 fT/sqrt(Hz) for the sensing volume of 90 um x 90 um 200 um., Comment: main text 5 pages, supplementary material 3 pages
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
81. Measurement of untruncated nuclear spin interactions via zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance
- Author
-
Blanchard, JW, Sjolander, TF, King, JP, Ledbetter, MP, Levine, EH, Bajaj, VS, Budker, D, and Pines, A
- Subjects
physics.chem-ph ,physics.atom-ph ,quant-ph ,Fluids & Plasmas ,Physical Sciences ,Chemical Sciences ,Engineering - Abstract
Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) provides a new regime for the measurement of nuclear spin-spin interactions free from the effects of large magnetic fields, such as truncation of terms that do not commute with the Zeeman Hamiltonian. One such interaction, the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling, is a valuable source of spatial information in NMR, though many terms are unobservable in high-field NMR, and the coupling averages to zero under isotropic molecular tumbling. Under partial alignment, this information is retained in the form of so-called residual dipolar couplings. We report zero- to ultralow-field NMR measurements of residual dipolar couplings in acetonitrile-2-C13 aligned in stretched polyvinyl acetate gels. This permits the investigation of dipolar couplings as a perturbation on the indirect spin-spin J coupling in the absence of an applied magnetic field. As a consequence of working at zero magnetic field, we observe terms of the dipole-dipole coupling Hamiltonian that are invisible in conventional high-field NMR. This technique expands the capabilities of zero- to ultralow-field NMR and has potential applications in precision measurement of subtle physical interactions, chemical analysis, and characterization of local mesoscale structure in materials.
- Published
- 2015
82. Longitudinal spin-relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy centers in electron irradiated diamond
- Author
-
Jarmola, A, Berzins, A, Smits, J, Smits, K, Prikulis, J, Gahbauer, F, Ferber, R, Erts, D, Auzinsh, M, and Budker, D
- Subjects
quant-ph ,cond-mat.mes-hall ,cond-mat.mtrl-sci ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering ,Technology ,Applied Physics - Abstract
We present systematic measurements of longitudinal relaxation rates (1 / T 1) of spin polarization in the ground state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) color center in synthetic diamond as a function of NV- concentration and magnetic field B. NV- centers were created by irradiating a Type 1b single-crystal diamond along the [100] axis with 200 keV electrons from a transmission electron microscope with varying doses to achieve spots of different NV- center concentrations. Values of (1 / T 1) were measured for each spot as a function of B.
- Published
- 2015
83. Photoelectric detection of electron spin resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond.
- Author
-
Bourgeois, E, Jarmola, A, Siyushev, P, Gulka, M, Hruby, J, Jelezko, F, Budker, D, and Nesladek, M
- Subjects
cond-mat.mes-hall ,cond-mat.mtrl-sci ,quant-ph - Abstract
The readout of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spins is essential for applications in quantum computation, metrology and sensing. Conventional readout protocols are based on the detection of photons emitted from nitrogen-vacancy centres, a process limited by the efficiency of photon collection. We report on an alternative principle for detecting the magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres, allowing the direct photoelectric readout of nitrogen-vacancy centres spin state in an all-diamond device. The photocurrent detection of magnetic resonance scheme is based on the detection of charge carriers promoted to the conduction band of diamond by two-photon ionization of nitrogen-vacancy centres. The optical and photoelectric detection of magnetic resonance are compared, by performing both types of measurements simultaneously. The minima detected in the measured photocurrent at resonant microwave frequencies are attributed to the spin-dependent ionization dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy, originating from spin-selective non-radiative transitions to the metastable singlet state.
- Published
- 2015
84. Diamond Magnetometry of Superconducting Thin Films
- Author
-
Waxman, A., Schlussel, H., Groswasser, D., Acosta, V. M., Bouchard, L. -S., Budker, D., and Folman, R.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
In recent years diamond magnetometers based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center have been of considerable interest for magnetometry applications at the nanoscale. An interesting application which is well suited for NV centers is the study of nanoscale magnetic phenomena in superconducting materials. We employ the magnetic sensitivity of NV centers in diamond to interrogate the magnetic properties of a thin-layer yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) superconductor. Using fluorescence-microscopy methods and samples integrated with an NV sensor on a microchip, we measure the temperature of phase transition in the layer to be 70.0(2) K, and the penetration field of vortices to be 46(4) G. We observe the pinning of the vortices in the layer at 65 K, and estimate their density after cooling the sample in a ~ 10 G field to be 0.45(1) \mu m^{-2}. These measurements are done with a 10 nm thick NV layer, so that high spatial resolution may be enabled in the future. Based on these results, we anticipate that this magnetometer could be useful for imaging the structure and dynamics of vortices. As an outlook, we present a fabrication method for a superconductor chip designed for this purpose.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
85. Investigation of ac-Stark shifts in excited states of dysprosium relevant to testing fundamental symmetries
- Author
-
Weber, C. T. M., Leefer, N., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We report on measurements of the differential polarizability between the nearly degenerate, opposite parity states in atomic dysprosium at 19797.96 cm$^{-1}$. The differential scalar and tensor polarizabilities due to additional states were measured for the $|M| = 7,...,10$ sublevels in $^{164}$Dy and $^{162}$Dy and determined to be $\bar{\boldsymbol\alpha}_{\scriptscriptstyle BA}^{(0)} = 180\,(45)_\text{stat}\,(8)_\text{sys}$ $\text{mHz}/(\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm})^2$ and $\bar{\boldsymbol\alpha}_{\scriptscriptstyle BA}^{(2)} = -163\,(65)_\text{stat}\,(5)_\text{sys}$ $\text{mHz}/(\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm})^2$, respectively. The average blackbody radiation induced Stark shift of the Zeeman spectrum was measured around 300 K and found to be $-34(4)$ mHz/K and $+29(4)$ mHz/K for $^{164}$Dy and $^{162}$Dy, respectively. We conclude that ac-Stark related systematics will not limit a search for variation of the fine-structure constant, using dysprosium, down to the level of $|\dot{\alpha}/\alpha|=2.6\times10^{-17}$ yr$^{-1}$, for two measurements of the transition frequency one year apart., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. New limits on variation of the fine-structure constant using atomic dysprosium
- Author
-
Leefer, N., Weber, C. T. M., Cingöz, A., Torgerson, J. R., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We report on the spectroscopy of radio-frequency transitions between nearly-degenerate, opposite-parity excited states in atomic dysprosium (Dy). Theoretical calculations predict that these states are very sensitive to variation of the fine-structure constant, $\alpha$, owing to large relativistic corrections of opposite sign for the opposite-parity levels. The near degeneracy reduces the relative precision necessary to place constraints on variation of $\alpha$ competitive with results obtained from the best atomic clocks in the world. Additionally, the existence of several abundant isotopes of Dy allows isotopic comparisons that suppress common-mode systematic errors. The frequencies of the 754-MHz transition in $^{164}$Dy and 235-MHz transition in $^{162}$Dy were measured over the span of two years. Linear variation of $\alpha$ is found to be $\dot{\alpha}/\alpha = (-5.8\pm6.9)\times10^{-17}$ yr$^{-1}$, consistent with zero. The same data are used to constrain the dimensionless parameter $k_\alpha$, characterizing a possible coupling of $\alpha$ to a changing gravitational potential. We find that $k_\alpha = (-5.5\pm5.2)\times10^{-7}$, essentially consistent with zero and the best constraint to date., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic (GNOME): Physics Novel scheme for exotic physics searches
- Author
-
Pustelny, S., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Pankow, C., Ledbetter, M. P., Wlodarczyk, P., Wcislo, P., Pospelov, M., Smith, J., Read, J., Gawlik, W., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
A novel experimental scheme enabling investigation of transient exotic spin couplings is discussed. The scheme is based on synchronous measurements of optical-magnetometer signals of several devices operating in magnetically shielded environments in distant locations ($\gtrsim100$ km). Although signatures of such exotic couplings may be present in the signal from a single magnetometer, it would be challenging to distinguish them from noise. By analyzing the correlation between signals from multiple, geographically separated magnetometers, it is not only possible to identify the exotic transient but also to investigate its nature. The ability of the network to probe presently unconstrained physics beyond the Standard Model is examined by considering the spin coupling to stable topological defects (e.g., domain walls) of axion-like fields. In the spirit of this research, a brief ($\sim 2$ hours) demonstration experiment involving two magnetometers located in Krak\'ow and Berkeley ($\sim 9000$ km separation) is presented and discussion of the data-analysis approaches that may allow for the transient signal identification is provided. The prospects of the network are outlined in the last part of the paper., Comment: Submitted to Annalen der Physik
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Limits on Violations of Lorentz Symmetry and the Einstein Equivalence Principle using Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of Atomic Dysprosium
- Author
-
Hohensee, M. A., Leefer, N., Budker, D., Harabati, C., Dzuba, V. A., and Flambaum, V. V.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We report a joint test of local Lorentz invariance and the Einstein equivalence principle for electrons, using long-term measurements of the transition frequency between two nearly degenerate states of atomic dysprosium. We present many-body calculations which demonstrate that the energy splitting of these states is particularly sensitive to violations of both special and general relativity. We limit Lorentz violation for electrons at the level of $10^{-17}$, matching or improving the best laboratory and astrophysical limits by up to a factor of 10, and improve bounds on gravitational redshift anomalies for electrons by 2 orders of magnitude, to $10^{-8}$. With some enhancements, our experiment may be sensitive to Lorentz violation at the level of $9\times 10^{-20}$., Comment: Updated to match published version
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. The Infrared Absorption Band and Vibronic Structure of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond
- Author
-
Kehayias, P., Doherty, M. W., English, D., Fischer, R., Jarmola, A., Jensen, K., Leefer, N., Hemmer, P., Manson, N. B., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^-$) color centers in diamond have generated much interest for use in quantum technology. Despite the progress made in developing their applications, many questions about the basic properties of NV$^-$ centers remain unresolved. Understanding these properties can validate theoretical models of NV$^-$, improve their use in applications, and support their development into competitive quantum devices. In particular, knowledge of the phonon modes of the $^1A_1$ electronic state is key for understanding the optical pumping process. Using pump-probe spectroscopy, we measured the phonon sideband of the ${^1}E\rightarrow{^1}A_1$ electronic transition in the NV$^-$ center. From this we calculated the ${^1}E\rightarrow{^1}A_1$ one-phonon absorption spectrum and found it to differ from that of the ${^3}E\rightarrow{^3}A_2$ transition, a result which is not anticipated by previous group-theoretical models of the NV$^-$ electronic states. We identified a high-energy 169 meV localized phonon mode of the $^1A_1$ level., Comment: Main text: 5 pages, 4 figures Supplement: 15 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Light narrowing of magnetic resonances in ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Author
-
Jensen, K., Acosta, V. M., Jarmola, A., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We investigate optically detected magnetic resonance signals from an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The signals are measured for different light powers and microwave powers, and the contrast and linewidth of the magnetic-resonance signals are extracted. For a wide range of experimental settings of the microwave and light powers, the linewidth decreases with increasing light power, and more than a factor of two "light narrowing" is observed.Furthermore, we identify that spin-spin interaction between nitrogen-vacancy centers and substitutional nitrogen atoms in the diamond leads to changes in the lineshape and the linewidth of the optically detected magnetic-resonance signals. Finally, the importance of the light-narrowing effect for optimizing the sensitivity of magnetic field measurements is discussed.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
91. Vibrational and electronic ultrafast relaxation of the nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Author
-
Huxter, V. M., Oliver, T. A. A., Budker, D., and Fleming, G. R.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
Two dimensional electronic spectroscopy and transient grating measurements were performed, for the first time, on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. These measurements reveal energy transfer and vibrational pathways with consequences for spin coherence., Comment: Conference Proceeding, 3 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2012
92. How do you know if you ran through a wall?
- Author
-
Pospelov, M., Pustelny, S., Ledbetter, M. P., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Gawlik, W., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
Stable topological defects of light (pseudo)scalar fields can contribute to the Universe's dark energy and dark matter. Currently the combination of gravitational and cosmological constraints provides the best limits on such a possibility. We take an example of domain walls generated by an axion-like field with a coupling to the spins of standard-model particles, and show that if the galactic environment contains a network of such walls, terrestrial experiments aimed at detection of wall-crossing events are realistic. In particular, a geographically separated but time-synchronized network of sensitive atomic magnetometers can detect a wall crossing and probe a range of model parameters currently unconstrained by astrophysical observations and gravitational experiments., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure; to appear in the PRL
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Modeling of pulsed laser guide stars for the Thirty Meter Telescope project
- Author
-
Rochester, S. M., Otarola, A., Boyer, C., Budker, D., Ellerbroek, B., Holzlöhner, R., and Wang, L.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) has been designed to include an adaptive optics system and associated laser guide star (LGS) facility to correct for the image distortion due to Earth's atmospheric turbulence and achieve diffraction-limited imaging. We have calculated the response of mesospheric sodium atoms to a pulsed laser that has been proposed for use in the LGS facility, including modeling of the atomic physics, the light-atom interactions, and the effect of the geomagnetic field and atomic collisions. This particular pulsed laser format is shown to provide comparable photon return to a continuous-wave (cw) laser of the same average power; both the cw and pulsed lasers have the potential to satisfy the TMT design requirements for photon return flux., Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. Polarized nuclear target based on parahydrogen induced polarization
- Author
-
Budker, D., Ledbetter, M. P., Appelt, S., Bouchard, L. S., and Wojtsekhowski, B.
- Subjects
Nuclear Experiment ,Physics - Chemical Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We discuss a novel concept of a polarized nuclear target for accelerator fixed-target scattering experiments, which is based on parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). One may be able to reach a 33% free-proton polarization in the ethane molecule. The potential advantages of such a target include operation at zero magnetic field, fast ($\sim$100 Hz) polarization reversal, and operation with large intensity of an electron beam., Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Pressure broadening and shift of D1 line of Ag by He, Ar and N2
- Author
-
Karaulanov, T., Park, B. K., Budker, D., and Sushkov, A. O.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We have studied experimentally pressure broadening and shift of Ag D1 line caused by He, Ar and N2 buffer gases. The measurements were done in a heat-pipe type absorption cell at a temperature of ~1000 K and gas pressures up to 1000 torr. The measured values for pressure broadening and shift (in MHz/Torr) are as follows: Ag-He 5.8(1), +1.16(2); Ag-Ar 5.2(2), -2.28(4); Ag-N2 5.2(1), -2.52(7). The "+" and "-" signs indicate the direction for the shifts to the blue and red side of the spectrum, respectively., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Temperature and magnetic field dependent longitudinal spin relaxation in nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond
- Author
-
Jarmola, A., Acosta, V. M., Jensen, K., Chemerisov, S., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
We present an experimental study of the longitudinal electron-spin relaxation time (T1) of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles in diamond. T1 was studied as a function of temperature from 5 to 475 K and magnetic field from 0 to 630 G for several samples with various NV and nitrogen concentrations. Our studies reveal three processes responsible for T1 relaxation. Above room temperature, a two-phonon Raman process dominates, and below, we observe an Orbach-type process with an activation energy, 73(4) meV, which closely matches the local vibrational modes of the NV center. At yet lower temperatures, sample dependent cross relaxation processes dominate, resulting in temperature independent values of T1, from ms to minutes. The value of T1 in this limit depends sensitively on magnetic field and can be tuned by more than an order of magnitude., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, and 3 pages of supplemental material with additional figures
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. From yeV to TeV: Search for the Neutron Electric Dipole Moment
- Author
-
Beck, D. H., Budker, D., Park, B. K., and Collaboration, nEDM
- Subjects
Nuclear Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The existence of electric dipole moments (EDM) for fundamental particles signals time-reversal symmetry (T) violation accompanied by violation of parity (P); only upper limits have been established to date. Time-reversal violation in turn implies CP violation under the assumption that CPT is a good symmetry. The neutron is an attractive system for an EDM search, both because it is neu- tral and because a neutron EDM would be relatively easier to interpret than the comparable quantity for a nucleus or even an atom. We introduce briefly the key experimental requirements for such search and describe some aspects of the neutron EDM experiment planned for the Spallation Neutron Source at the U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Parity violation in two-photon J=0-to-1 transitions: Analysis of systematic errors
- Author
-
Dounas-Frazer, D. R., Tsigutkin, K., English, D., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We present an analysis of systematic sources of uncertainty in a recently proposed scheme for measurement of nuclear-spin-dependent atomic parity violation using two-photon J=0-to-1 transitions driven by collinear photons of the same frequency in the presence of a static magnetic field. Two important sources of uncertainty are considered: misalignment of applied fields, and stray electric and magnetic fields. The parity-violating signal can be discriminated from systematic effects using a combination of field reversals and analysis of the Zeeman structure of the transition., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2011
99. Atomic parity violation in two-photon J=0-to-1 transitions
- Author
-
Dounas-Frazer, D. R., Tsigutkin, K., English, D., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We present a method for measuring nuclear-spin-dependent atomic parity violation without nuclear-spin-independent background. Such measurements can be achieved by observing interference of parity-conserving and parity-violating two-photon J=0-to-1 transitions driven by collinear photons of the same frequency in the presence of an external static magnetic field., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Il Nuovo Cimento C (PAVI 2011 conference proceedings)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Orientation-to-alignment conversion and spin squeezing
- Author
-
Rochester, S. M., Ledbetter, M. P., Zigdon, T., Wilson-Gordon, A. D., and Budker, D.
- Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The relationship between orientation-to-alignment conversion (a form of atomic polarization evolution induced by an electric field) and the phenomenon of spin squeezing is demonstrated. A "stretched" state of an atom or molecule with maximum angular-momentum projection along the quantization axis possesses orientation and is a quantum-mechanical minimum-uncertainty state, where the product of the equal uncertainties of the angular-momentum projections on two orthogonal directions transverse to the quantization axis is the minimum allowed by the uncertainty relation. Application of an electric field for a short time induces orientation-to-alignment conversion and produces a spin-squeezed state, in which the quantum state essentially remains a minimum-uncertainty state, but the uncertainties of the angular-momentum projections on the orthogonal directions are unequal. This property can be visualized using the angular-momentum probability surfaces, where the radius of the surface is given by the probability of measuring the maximum angular-momentum projection in that direction. Brief remarks are also given concerning collective-spin squeezing and quantum nondemolition measurements., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.