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Ectopic pancreas is typically asymptomatic anomaly that can present anywhere along the GI tract. It is often found incidentally and may become clinically evident when complicated by inflammation, bleeding, obstruction, or malignant transformation. Here, we present a case of ectopic pancreas who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Clinical description of an ectopic pancreas (EP) in the duodenal wall.Key points: Aberrant or ectopic pancreas is a congenital abnormality of pancreatic heterotopy into unrelated organs with no connection to the true pancreas. Asymptomatic EP often leads to its casual diagnosis due to background complications or concomitant gastrointestinal disorders. A 57 years-old patient was urgently admitted to a surgery unit with signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, abdominal CT without intravenous contrast failed to diagnose the source of bleeding. Following two months, MRI scanning with contrast revealed an atypical lateral formation on descending duodenum with the lobulous contour and structure corresponding to normal pancreatic tissue, as well as signs of chronic pancreatitis and a solitary cyst in the pancreatic body. EP in duodenal wall was diagnosed as a putative cause of gastric bleeding.Conclusion. In this clinical observation, duodenal haemorrhage is reported as a manifestation of previously asymptomatic aberrant pancreas. Capacity of MRI in EP diagnosis has been demonstrated.

Abstract Background Heterotopic pancreas, that is the abnormal localization of a well-differentiated pancreatic tissue, is a rare occurrence in pediatric patients. Most lesions are found incidentally; in some circumstances, the presence of heterotopic pancreas may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as obstructive symptoms or bleeding. Patients and methods The clinical notes of patients with histological diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas treated at Meyer Children’s Hospital between 2009 and 2017 have been retrospectively examined. Four variables have been examined: clinical presentation, age at diagnosis, timing of surgery and localization of the heterotopic pancreas. Patients have been classified accordingly. Results Fourteen patients were diagnosed with heterotopic pancreas at a single institution. In half cases, heterotopic pancreas caused symptoms that warranted surgical exploration. Symptomatic patients were significantly older than patients in whom heterotopic pancreas was an incidental finding (mean age 9 years and 5 months vs 2 years and 9 months; p = 0.02). Heterotopic pancreas was more frequently found in patients who underwent urgent surgical procedure than in patients who underwent elective surgery (2.61% vs 0.22%; p

Heterotopic pancreas (HP) is the presence of pancreatic tissue outside of its normal anatomical position without vascular continuity from the main pancreas. HP is most commonly found within the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the stomach through the jejunum. This report shares the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with persistent vomiting despite medical therapy. Given the nonspecific and broad differential diagnosis, a histopathological examination was warranted for a definitive diagnosis that showed a uniquely large and well-differentiated type I HP in the lesser curvature of the stomach. Resection was completed which was followed with resolution of symptoms., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Iwuagwu et al.)

Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma is a rare variant of gastric carcinoma accounting for 1%–7% of gastric carcinomas. Its association with gastric leiomyoma and ectopic pancreas is extremely rare. We herein report an unusual simultaneous occurrence of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma, calcified leiomyoma, and ectopic pancreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ectopic pancreas is basically a benign disease and is not always necessary to be removed. However, all types of neoplasms occurring in the normal pancreas such as ductal adenocarcinomas and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) may develop even within ectopic pancreas. We recently encountered an extremely rare case of ectopic pancreas in the gastric antrum associated with IPMN possessing a GNAS mutation. Case presentation: A 71-year-old Japanese woman complained of epigastric pain. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an intramural cystic mass in the antrum of the stomach. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy did not give a definitive diagnosis, and the patient underwent resection of the lesion. Histology of the resected specimen showed that the gastric intramural lesion was ectopic pancreas. Moreover, the lesion contained dilated duct components with tubulo-villous epithelial proliferation consistent with pancreatic IPMN. Since the covering epithelial cells had highly atypical nuclei, the lesion was diagnosed as IPMN with high grade dysplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed that the IPMN component showed to be MUC2-, MUC5AC-, and CDX2-positive but MUC1- and MUC6-negative. Mutational analyses using genomic DNA revealed that the IPMN component had a mutation of GNAS at exon 8 (Arg201Cys). Conclusion: We finally diagnosed this case as gastric ectopic pancreas accompanied by intestinal type IPMN with high grade dysplasia possessing GNAS mutation. Although there were 17 cases of ectopic pancreas with IPMN including 6 cases of gastric ones reported in the English literature, this is the first case of ectopic pancreas with IPMN which was proved to have GNAS mutation. Intimate preoperative examinations including imaging analyses and EUS-FNA biopsy/cytology are recommended to decide whether the lesion has to be resected or not even if they are not effective for getting the right diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pancreas is a disease where pancreatic tissue occurs outside its normal anatomic location, without vascular continuity. Symptoms for this condition may depend on the localization of the ectopic tissue and originate from either mass effect or inflammation. The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Herein, we report a case of recurrent abdominal pain diagnosed with gastric ectopic pancreas of uncommon size in an uncommon location. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed a large gastric polyp and endoscopic needle biopsy only identified normal gastric mucosa. However, computed tomography imaging revealed a protruding mass that, upon excision, was identified as ectopic pancreatic tissue. Two different pathological findings arose from two different sampling methods, leading us to the conclusion that ectopic pancreas should always be considered in the diagnosis of a GI tumor.

Abstract We describe two unusual cases of cancerized ectopic pancreatic parenchyma within the wall of the left colon. Although the morphology of the neoplastic cells and their immunoprofile were consistent with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the detection of small foci of regular ectopic pancreatic tissue close to dysplastic glands at the periphery of the cancerized mass represented the key diagnostic features. A careful histological examination of surgical samples represents the correct approach to the diagnosis of this rare disease, mostly when total-body CT scan evaluation confirms the lack of bilio-pancreatic masses.

A gastric duplication cyst (GDC) is a type of enteric duplication cyst. It can co-exist with an ectopic tissue. This was a female toddler with a GDC at the greater curvature. An abdominal ultrasound and a contrast-enhanced computed tomogram suggested the cyst. She had laparotomy, complete cyst and partial gastric excision with the removal of extragastric pancreatic tissue. The histology report came out as a cyst with associated intracystic and an extracystic pancreatic tissue. She made a clinical improvement. GDC can be associated with both intracystic and extracystic ectopic pancreatic tissues. This should be kept in mind when choosing the modality of treatment.

Gastric ectopic pancreas presenting as a submucosal tumour accounts for approximately 11% of all endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examinations. Definitive diagnosis through endoscopy is difficult, even with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for histological examination. For symptomatic patients or those with uncertain diagnosis, complete surgical resection is the primary strategy for treatment and diagnosis. Herein, we report a case of gastric ectopic pancreas treated using robotic surgery.

Abstract Background The malignant transformation of an ectopic pancreas in the duodenum is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of an adenocarcinoma that arose from an ectopic pancreas. We also reviewed 14 cases of malignant transformations arising from an ectopic pancreas in the duodenum that were previously published. Case presentation An 81-year-old man with a 1-month history of vomiting was admitted to our institution. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed an obstruction at the first part of the duodenum. A distal gastrectomy was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The histopathological examination of the resected specimen showed adenocarcinoma that arose from an ectopic pancreas (Heinrich type 1). The patient is alive without relapse at 18 months of follow-up. Conclusions Adenocarcinoma that arises from an ectopic pancreas should be considered when an obstruction is identified in the duodenum.

Abstract Background Isolated enteric duplication cyst is an intestinal duplication cyst found in a distant location from the intestinal tract and it is said to have its own blood supply. Meckel’s diverticulm is considered as an antimesenteric structure and has its own blood supply. However, there are some reported cases of Meckele’s diverticum in the mesenteric side. Ectopic pancreas may be found in both entities. Case presentation A 5-year-old girl presented with increasing abdominal pain around the umbilicus. On laboratory investigation serum pancreatic enzymes and C-reactive protein were elevated. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a normal pancreas but a cystic lesion in the mesentery of the ileum. A nodule with a marked enhancement was observed in the wall of the lesion. During the laparoscopy, the lesion was found at the root of the mesentery and was distant from the ileum. The lesion was resected suspecting an abscess. Pathologically, the wall of the lesion consisted of small bowel like tissue, and pancreatic tissue was seen beneath the mucosa. There were some post inflammatory changes in the pancreatic tissue. Retrospectively on thin slice enhanced CT, an independent blood supply was noted. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of ectopic pancreatitis in an iliac intestinal duplication cyst was made. Conclusion Isolated enteric duplication cyst in the root of ileal mesentery and mesenteric Meckel’s diverticulum have similarities. In the present case, the diagnosis of isolated enteric duplication cyst was made since it was found distant from the ileum. It is important to consider the possibility of ectopic pancreatitis when serum pancreatic enzymes are elevated even when the pancreas appears normal.

Abstract Background Ectopic pancreas is an infrequent submucosal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract defined as a pancreatic tissue lacking vascular or anatomic continuity with the main body of the pancreas. Ectopic pancreas in the ileum is a rare and often an incidental finding. We report a case of ectopic pancreas in the ileum causing obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and episodes of abdominal pain. Case presentation 59-year-old man with 3 months history of intermittent melena, accompanied by the episodes of abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant and generalized fatigue was admitted to our department. The investigations showed that the patient had a low hemoglobin level, i.e. 10.9 g/dL with hypochromic microcytic anemia pattern seen in complete blood count (MCV 70.2 fl, MCH 21.4 pg). Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy did not reveal any abnormalities. Magnetic resonance enterography revealed a large (2.5 × 2.3 cm) pedunculated polyp in the ileum. Examination by single-balloon enteroscopy revealed a polyp with long pedicle located approximately 1.5 m distal to terminal ileum. Polypectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination stated, that the specimen contained ectopic pancreatic tissue which was involving muscular layer of the ileum. Ectopic pancreatic tissue included acinar cells and cystically dilated secretory ducts without islets of Langerhans. Conclusion Our case report reveals a very rare cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding accompanied by the episodes of abdominal pain – an ectopic pancreas located in the ileum.

Abstract Background and objective Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimal invasive technology and could allow “en bloc” resection for superficial gastric tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of ESD for gastric ectopic pancreas (EP). Methods A total of 93 patients diagnosed with ectopic pancreas who underwent ESD between January 2011 and June 2017 were enrolled. The demographic, clinical, and endoscopic data were collected and analyzed. Results The average maximal diameter of lesions was 1.01 (range 0.4–3.0) cm with mean age of patients which was 39.75 (range 15–66) years. Overall, all of procedures en bloc was successful. The median operative time was 76.87 (range 30–160) min. A total of 12 patients experienced complications. In seven patients, bleeding occurred during the operation and was treated using hot biopsy forceps or metal clip. Five cases suffered from pneumoperitoneum which was managed well. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 (range 2–17) days. There was no relapse in any cases during the follow-up. Conclusion ESD appears to be a safe and feasible approach for curative treatment in gastric ectopic pancreas. Larger studies are needed to identify the role and the outcomes of ESD in another center.

Gastric lesions presenting as polyps becomes common these days. Many different underlying causes have been suspected with the origin of gastric polyps. Generally, a gastric polyp is considered as benign in the first impression unless proven otherwise. Though, they show a vast variety of malignant potentials. This literature is intended to describe and evaluate the variations, presentations, features, and potentials of gastric polypoid lesions.

Background: Ectopic pancreas (EP) is defined as pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomical or vascular communication with the normal body of the pancreas. Despite improvements in diagnostic endoscopy and imaging studies, differentiating ectopic pancreatic tissue from gastric submucosal diseases remains a challenge.Case Presentation: Here, we present a case of a 44-year-old woman with severe epigastric pain. Initially, gastric lymphangioma was highly suspected due to a well-demarcated protruding mass with a large size that occurred in the submucosal layer of the gastric antrum and appeared as a cystic lesion. The final correct diagnosis of gastric EP was made during surgery.Conclusion: Gastric EP with serous oligocystic adenoma appearing as a giant gastric cyst is extremely rare. The difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis is highlighted, which may provide additional clinical experience for the diagnosis of EP with serous oligocystic adenoma in the stomach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic heterotopia most commonly occurs in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but can occur in other sites, including Meckel's diverticulum. When multiple histologic elements of the pancreatic tissue (acini, ducts, and endocrine cells) are present, the diagnosis is typically straightforward. In this article, we report a rare case of pure endocrine pancreatic heterotopia involving a Meckel's diverticulum, a potential mimic of a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. Several features were useful in making the distinction, including lack of desmoplasia and mass forming lesion, and immunohistochemical staining in a physiological pattern similar to that of islets of Langerhans. It is important for pathologists to be aware of this entity and its features to avoid misdiagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pancreas is asymptomatic and mostly found in the stomach and proximal small bowel. It is difficult to distinguish ectopic pancreas with other submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on computed tomography (CT) without histological confirmation. The author encountered a case of ectopic pancreas coexisting with submucosal lipoma in the distal jejunum which was misdiagnosed as fat-containing submucosal tumor. The author reports the CT findings and reviews previously reported cases of ectopic pancreas coexisting with submucosal lipoma. The knowledge that ectopic pancreas can occur with benign lipoma, and its imaging features would be helpful for the diagnosis and management of patients.

Pancreatic rest, otherwise known as aberrant, ectopic or heterotopic pancreas, occurs when the pancreatic tissue does not have an anatomical or vascular connection to the normal body of the pancreas. This rare congenital anomaly was first described in 1727 by Hunt and Bonesteel, and it is now known to be found predominantly within the stomach or proximal small bowel. Most of the time, pancreatic rest is asymptomatic and is found incidentally. When symptomatic, the most common presentations tend to be: abdominal pain, nausea, gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction and symptoms of pancreatitis. We report a case of a 21-year-old female with symptomatic pancreatic rest noted in two locations: antrum of the stomach and the proximal jejunum just distal to the ligament of Treitz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic heterotopia (PH) is a common, but typically small (<1 cm), incidental and asymptomatic finding; however, PH should be considered even for large and symptomatic upper gastrointestinal masses. A 27-year-old white woman presented with a 3-week history of burning epigastric pain, nausea, early satiety, and constipation. Physical examination revealed epigastric and right upper quadrant tenderness with normal laboratory workup, but imaging revealed a 5-cm, partly cystic mass arising from the gastric antrum with resulting pyloric stenosis and partial gastric outlet obstruction. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration revealed PH – an anomalous pancreatic tissue lying in a nonphysiological site. The patient ultimately underwent a resection and recovered uneventfully, with a complete pathologic examination revealing normal exocrine pancreatic tissue (PH type 2) without malignant transformation. We report a case of heterotopic pancreas manifesting as severe gastric outlet obstruction, in addition to a thorough diagnostic workup and surgical follow-up, in a young adult. Differential diagnoses and features that speak to benignity of a large, symptomatic mass lesion (PH in particular) are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult intussusception occurs rarely and is quite different from pediatric occurrence in both etiology and treatment. It usually has a leading point which could be either a neoplasm or not. This report presents the diagnosis and management of one patient, a 51-year-old man with symptomatic ileo-ileal intussusception caused by pancreas heterotopia. Pancreas heterotopia is unusual and can be a leading point of small-bowel intussusceptions.

Background: Ectopic pancreatic tissue (EPT) in a Meckel diverticulum is a well-known anomaly. Other locations are rare, especially in pediatric patients. We report on three children with incidental findings of EPT and reviewed the literature. Patients and methods: Three children with incidental findings of EPT treated in our department, and 62 patients found in the literature were analyzed. The literature search was performed excluding EPT in Meckel's diverticulum and in tumors, i.e. teratomas. Results: Two of our patients presented with an umbilical mass. The third patient presented with a gastric outlet obstruction due to an antral/pyloric mass. Histopathology showed EPT in all three of our patients without any signs of malignancy.In the literature, patients with EPT often appear to be asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients may present with bowel obstruction or intussusception. EPT in the umbilicus frequently seems to cause umbilical discharge. Our analysis supported the leading opinion in the literature that the upper gastrointestinal tract and especially the gastric antrum must be considered the most common location of EPT. Conclusion: Although unusual in children, awareness of EPT may help to obtain the proper diagnosis faster and to plan accurate surgical therapy. Levelof evidence: Prognosis study, Level IV.

Heterotopic pancreas in the stomach is usually asymptomatic and benign. Here, we presented a rare case of an early gastric cancer overlying a heterotopic pancreas. A 48-year-old woman underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which revealed a subepithelial mass measuring 2.0×1.5 cm on the gastric antrum with a 1-cm erosive erythematous discoloration on the surface. A biopsy specimen showed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Endosonography showed a heterogeneous hypoechoic mass measuring 1.3×0.6 cm, with indistinct margins in the second and third layers of the gastric wall; anechoic tubular structures within the mass were suggestive of heterotopic pancreas. Distal gastrectomy was performed, which confirmed an early gastric cancer confined to the mucosa, and a separate underlying heterotopic pancreas. Although heterotopic pancreas is most likely benign, careful endoscopic observation of the mucosal surface is necessary to avoid overlooking a coincident early gastric cancer.

We report a case of a vesicoenteric fistula arising from an adenocarcinoma of ectopic pancreatic tissue in a Meckel diverticulum in a 58-year-old man. The patient suffered from refractory micturition pain and increased urinary frequency. Computerized tomography with a contrast agent showed a ring-shaped enhanced mass near the dome of the urinary bladder. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic mass close to the urinary bladder with partly irregular wall and fistula formation to the urinary bladder. Surgical findings showed a Meckel diverticulum in the ileum, which formed a fistula with the urinary bladder, and Meckel diverticulectomy and partial cystectomy were performed. Histological findings revealed a vesicoenteric fistula arising from a papillary adenocarcinoma of ectopic pancreatic tissue in a Meckel diverticulum. The patient has survived without recurrence for more than 4 years since surgery.

Ectopic pancreas is a disease where pancreatic tissue occurs outside its normal anatomic location, without vascular continuity. Symptoms for this condition may depend on the localization of the ectopic tissue and originate from either mass effect or inflammation. The diagnosis of ectopic pancreas can be challenging due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Herein, we report a case of recurrent abdominal pain diagnosed with gastric ectopic pancreas of uncommon size in an uncommon location. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed a large gastric polyp and endoscopic needle biopsy only identified normal gastric mucosa. However, computed tomography imaging revealed a protruding mass that, upon excision, was identified as ectopic pancreatic tissue. Two different pathological findings arose from two different sampling methods, leading us to the conclusion that ectopic pancreas should always be considered in the diagnosis of a GI tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pancreas is a congenital developmental anomaly that may be caused by embryologic errors. The pathogenetic details of ectopic pancreas remain unclear, but it has gradually been determined to originate at the gene level. DNA errors during embryological development cause ectopic pancreas. Ectopic pancreas is generally asymptomatic and harmless throughout the patient's entire life; in very rare cases, however, it can be symptomatic and harmful, causing pain, fever, bleeding, and other adverse effects. We herein report an unusual case involving a 52-year-old Japanese woman who presented with nausea and vomiting due to inflammation of an ectopic pancreas in the gastric antrum. Ectopic pancreatitis caused severe pyloric stenosis, and she was unable to ingest food or water even after admission to the internal medicine ward. Ectopic pancreatitis is a very rare clinical condition, but clinicians should be cautious of this uncommon disease in patients who develop gastric outlet obstruction without cancer or ulcers. The present case report is clinically significant because surgical treatment (distal partial gastrectomy) relieved the patient's serious distress rapidly and successfully after unsuccessful conservative treatments for acute ectopic pancreatitis. Antrectomy (distal partial gastrectomy) might be useful for ectopic pancreas, especially in case of gastric outlet obstruction due to the ectopic pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small bowel obstruction is an uncommon disease in pregnant women and rare when it is caused by intussusception. Intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adult. When it occurs, it is almost always secondary to an underlying pathology acting as a lead point for invagination, such as polyps, hemartomas, lipomas, leiomyomas, Meckel's diverticulum, adenomas, strictures, and malignancies. Ectopic pancreatic tissue is a very rare pathology acting as the lead point. In this case, we present a very rare case of intussusception in a young pregnant woman, caused by an intramural ectopic pancreatic tissue in the ileum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Heterotopic pancreas is a rare submucosal lesion and generally an incidental finding. The important differential diagnosis is mesenchymal submucosal neoplasm. Here, we present a case with heterotopic pancreas presentation as a fundal submucosal mass. Methods: A 35-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to a 9-month history of abdominal pain and fullness. Physical examinations and laboratory findings were normal. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and wedge resection of the stomach. The patient was symptom free 17 months later. Results: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a fundal mass. Histopathological examination confirmed ectopic pancreatic tissue involving submucosa and muscularis propria. Conclusion: Our case report demonstrates a very rare cause of fundal submucosal mass with abdominal pain and fullness. The physicians at major gastrointestinal referral centers are much more likely to be familiar with heterotopic pancreas and its clinical manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Although ectopic pancreatic tissue is common in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the incidence of ectopic pancreatic tissue in the jejunum is low, and malignant transformation in ectopic pancreatic tissue is rare. Furthermore, pancreatic-type acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) developing in the jejunum and ACC accompanied by tumor thrombus are extremely rare. Case presentation A 78-year-old-woman presented with melena. Abdominal computed tomography images and endoscopic examination revealed a submucosal jejunal mass with tumor thrombus extending into a jejunal vein. The patient underwent a curative resection combined with a partial jejunectomy and partial pancreatectomy. Histopathological examination of the resected tissue showed tumor cells with a homogeneous acinar architecture identical to pancreatic-type ACC and tumor thrombus. Postoperatively, she was followed for 10 months and had no recurrence. Conclusion We present an extremely rare case of pancreatic-type ACC in the jejunum with extensive tumor thrombus invading into the mesenteric venous system. This type of cancer has not been reported previously but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a jejunal mass.

Introduction: Etopic pancreas is a rare developmental anomaly. It is presence of pancreatic tissue without anatomic or vascular continuity with the normally developed pancreas. The most common heterotopic site is the stomach commonly involving antrum and prepyloric region on the greater curvature or posterior wall. Ectopic pancreas is diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound, gastroscopy and biopsy, CT scan and MRI of the abdomen, a definitive diagnosis is verified by histopathological examination. Treatment is surgical. Case report: A 56-year-old woman presented with epigastric pain, nausea and fatigue. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed submucosal mass in the prepyloric region, biopsy was performed. Histopatological findings described normal gastric mucosa. Endoscopic ultrasonogpraphy and CT of the abdomen showed submucosal tumor, 18 mm in diameter, located in the prepyloric region. Surgical treatment was indicated. Gastrotomy with total extraction of tumor was performed. Histopathology findings showed ectopic pancreatic tissue in the submucosal and muscular layer of the stomach. Postoperatively patient fully recovered, and in the 2 year folow-up did not develop any symptoms related to gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: Although presentation of ectopic pancreatic tissue in stomach is very rare condition, it should be considered during gastroitestinal diagnostic in patients with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptomatology. In most of cases, for this patients, surgery is curative and definitive solution.

The heterotopic pancreas (PH) is the atypical presence of pancreatic tissue without any anatomic or vascular continuity with the pancreas. PH is a rare condition that can be observed at any level of the gastrointestinal tract and even in other organs. Histopathological characterization of PH allows surgeons to distinguish it from other lesions. Although it is usually a benign and asymptomatic disease, it can occasionally cause complications (obstruction, hemorrhage, inflammation, or malignant transformation). In conclusion, localization in the gallbladder in the few cases of PH is very rare. We present two cases in which, after cholecystectomy indicated by other causes, in the pathological study of the surgical specimen, type 2 pancreatic tissue was found according to the Heinrich classification. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2016; 5(4.000): 250-253]

Background: Gastric ectopic pancreas (GEP) is a rare developmental abnormality that refers to the existence of pancreatic tissue in the stomach with no anatomical relationship with the main pancreas. It is usually difficult to diagnose through histological examination, and the choice of treatment method is crucial., Aim: To describe the endoscopic ultrasound characteristics of GEP and evaluate the value of laparoscopic resection (LR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)., Methods: Forty-nine patients with GEP who underwent ESD and LR in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from May 2018 to July 2023 were retrospectively included. Data on clinical characteristics, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), ESD, and LR were collected and analyzed. The characteristics of EUS and the efficacy of the two treatments were analyzed., Results: The average age of the patients was 43.31 ± 13.50 years, and the average maximum diameter of the lesions was 1.55 ± 0.70 cm. The lesion originated from the mucosa in one patient (2.04%), from the submucosa in 42 patients (85.71%), and from the muscularis propria in 6 patients (12.25%). Twenty-nine patients (59.20%) with GEP showed umbilical depression on endoscopy. The most common initial symptom of GEP was abdominal pain (40.82%). Tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA-19-9), were generally within the normal range. One patient (2.04%) with GEP had increased CEA and CA-19-9 levels. However, no cancer tissue was found on postoperative pathological examination, and tumor markers returned to normal levels after resecting the lesion. There was no significant difference in surgery duration (72.42 ± 23.84 vs 74.17 ± 12.81 min) or hospital stay (3.70 ± 0.91 vs 3.83 ± 0.75 d) between the two methods. LR was more often used for patients with larger tumors and deeper origins. The amount of bleeding was significantly higher in LR than in ESD (11.28 ± 16.87 vs 16.67 ± 8.76 mL, P < 0.05). Surgery was associated with complete resection of the lesion without any serious complications; there were no cases of recurrence during the follow-up period., Conclusion: GEP has unique characteristics in EUS. LR and ESD seem to be good choices for treating GEP. LR is better for large GEP with a deep origin. However, due to the rarity of GEP, multicenter large-scale studies are needed to describe its characteristics and evaluate the safety of LR and ESD., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: We have no financial relationships to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

The incidence of malignant transformation in ectopic pancreas (EP), including adenocarcinoma, is extremely rare. Herein, we presented a single case with invasive adenocarcinoma caused by the EP in the stomach. The patient consulted our hospital due to abdominal discomfort with acid regurgitation. Computed tomography scan showed a pyloric obstruction and thickening of the gastric wall in the gastric antrum; a digestive endoscopic examination showed mucosal congestion, swelling in the anterior pyloric area, and pyloric canal stenosis. Next, the patient underwent gastrointestinal surgery, and the distal gastrectomy specimens revealed a deviation of 10 cm towards the lesser curvature and an extension of 22 cm towards the greater curvature. A 5.5 x 5.4 cm round-like mass was found during surgery. Pathological examination suggested invasive submucosal adenocarcinoma located under the gastric antrum mucosa. Our report provides additional clinical experience for diagnosing EP with canceration in the stomach., (Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal.)

Ectopic pancreas is uncommon in the anterior mediastinum. Herein, a 32-year-old woman presented to our institution for investigation of an abnormal mediastinal shadow on chest computed tomography. The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the anterior mediastinal mass by right thoracoscopy, and the postoperative pathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic pancreas. There were no clinical signs of pancreatitis. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during a follow-up period of 3 years. English language medical literature was also searched in order to identify other case reports describing this rare condition and identified 17 papers describing 20 cases of anterior mediastinal ectopic pancreas, which were all confirmed at surgery. All clinical characteristics in these cases were reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric lesions presenting as polyps becomes common these days. Many different underlying causes have been suspected with the origin of gastric polyps. Generally, a gastric polyp is considered as benign in the first impression unless proven otherwise. Though, they show a vast variety of malignant potentials. This literature is intended to describe and evaluate the variations, presentations, features, and potentials of gastric polypoid lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant transformation of ectopic pancreas tissue is a diagnostic challenge as clinical symptoms and radiographic features of these tumors are non-specific. Given the rarity of these lesions, it is usually neither suspected nor included in the diagnostic workup of different tumors. We conducted a comprehensive literature review regarding malignancy arising from ectopic pancreas for a better understanding of its frequency, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. A literature search was performed in three major databases: PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Fifty-four well-documented cases of malignant ectopic pancreas were identified in the published literature. Our analysis provided the following observations: (1) there was a slight predominance of males over females; (2) most patients with malignant transformation of ectopic pancreas were middle-aged; (3) most commonly, the tumor was located in the stomach; (4) most tumors were adenocarcinomas; (5) most frequently, the malignancy arose within a type I heterotopia according to Heinrich classification; (6) macroscopically, a subepithelial-like appearance was most frequently observed; and (7) improved prognosis for ectopic pancreatic malignancies in comparison with reported survival data for orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Even if the majority of cases of ectopic pancreas are incidental findings and malignant transformation is a rare event, pancreatic heterotopy should be considered as a source of potentially malignant lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entity "paraduodenal pancreatitis" currently includes former terms such as "cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall on ectopic pancreas" or "groove pancreatitis". The lesions most often occur within the duodenum, in the vicinity of the minor papilla, combining inflammation, fibrosis and cystic dilation of ductal and acinar structures, all of which are responsible for duodenal stenosis. An extension of inflammatory phenomena to the duodenal groove and the head of the pancreas (including pseudocyst, necrosis, ductal dilation) is often seen. From a pathophysiological point of view, the role of alcohol is crucial, acting on the ectopic pancreas and on the duodenal groove with an obstruction of the minor papilla. Patients are mainly men, with chronic alcohol and tobacco intake. They present with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. Association with chronic pancreatitis is present in 60 to 70% of cases. The paraduodenal pancreatitis can also occur in the absence of exogenous factors. Combination of CT-scan, MRI and endoscopic ultrasound ensure the positive diagnosis displaying an inflammatory thickening of the upper part of the second duodenum in which one or more cysts are located. Both lesions can induce a duodenal stenosis. In addition, there are inflammatory and cystic lesions of the duodenal groove and the head of the pancreas. The main differential diagnoses are: pancreatic cancer, pseudo-cysts and IPMN. Medical treatment aims to treat vomiting, dehydration, malnutrition and pain in combination with alcohol and tobacco withdrawal. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of the duodenal cysts is effective, but often temporarily. Surgical treatment consists in a Whipple pancreatic resection procedure. Nowadays, it is indicated in patients with a failure of medical treatment and in case of diagnostic doubt, especially with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic heterotopia is a rare congenital anomaly more commonly incidentally found in adults. While intra-abdominal cysts found on prenatal imaging are not uncommon, we examine a case of pancreatic heterotopia presenting in an abdominopelvic cyst on prenatal imaging. At birth, the neonate was found to have hypoglycemia unresponsive to treatment that resolved after cyst resection. We will review the etiology, imaging findings and clinical course of this anomaly, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of newborns presenting with unexplained hypoglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We herein report a neonate who presented with non-bilious vomiting at one day of age caused by a prepyloric ectopic pancreas. Ultrasonography clearly detected the presence of a submucosal mass preoperatively, which was treated with local gastric resection. Only 9 neonates with a symptomatic pyloric or prepyloric ectopic pancreas have been previously reported in the literature. Therefore, we reviewed and discussed the clinical features of neonates with this type of ectopic pancreas.

Abstract Background Pancreatic tissue found in the mediastinum (both true ectopic and herniated pancreas) is rare. It becomes even more challenging when there are complications associated with this entity. Case presentation We report an unusual case of pancreatic herniation into the mediastinum in a 90-year-old Caucasian female. This patient initially presented with nausea and vomiting associated with abdominal pain. Serum lipase and amylase both were elevated. Computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed a large hiatal hernia with pancreas herniation into the mediastinum, with superimposed acute pancreatitis likely due to gallstone. Because of its unusual location, the patient also developed acute mediastinitis. The patient was management conservatively and did well. On the day of discharge; she was tolerating a diet, had no pain or nausea and was back to her baseline health. Conclusion Acute pancreatitis can be managed conservatively even if it is in the mediastinum. Also, ectopic or herniated pancreatic tissue is extremely rare and leads to unique clinical presentations, along with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Clinicians should not only be vigilant to the presence of ectopic or herniated pancreatic tissue, but also be mindful of the resulting complications.