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This paper highlights clinical challenges faced when diagnosing and then treating an individual presenting to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic because of unwelcome comments he made to female peers about their feet. Novel use of exposure therapy helped him effectively decrease his comments from 1 to 2 times per month to once every 6 months. Conceptualizing this case as the individual's failed attempts toward relationships with females instead of sexual harassment led to diminution of problematic behavior. Implications for diagnosis and treatment of individuals with Autistic Disorder displaying problematic behaviors are presented.

As primary caregivers of children with mental health problems, mothers face challenges that put them at risk for depression, which is rarely identified or addressed. The aims of this paper were to (a) identify mean differences among demographic, stressor, threat, and resource variables specified in a theoretical model and thought to be associated with maternal depressive symptoms and (b) determine how much variability in depressive symptoms is explained by these variables. High levels and prevalence of depressive symptoms were found within a quality of life study that these data were drawn from. Of 139 mothers participating in this study, 58% had a score of 16 or greater on the CES-D indicating moderate to high levels of depressive symptoms. Significant differences were found between mothers with higher versus lower levels of depressive symptoms for 11 of the 18 variables. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the variance explained in depressive symptoms based upon the conceptual model with 4 composite variables. Income (step 1), behavioral problems (step 2), threat appraisal (step 3), and resource appraisal (step 4) combined explained 42% of the variance.

Importance Adults with mental health conditions are more likely than those without to receive long-term opioid therapy. Less is known about opioid therapy among adolescents, especially those with mental health conditions. Objective To examine associations between preexisting mental health conditions and treatments and initiation of any opioid and long-term opioid therapy among adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort of 1 224 520 incident opioid recipients without cancer diagnoses aged 14 to 18 years at first receipt was extracted from nationwide commercial health care claims data from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2014. Analysis was conducted from August 19, 2016, to November 16, 2017. Associations between preexisting mental health conditions and treatments and any opioid receipt were examined by comparing recipients with nonrecipients matched on sex, calendar year and years of age of first enrollment, and months of enrollment (prior to the index month for recipients, ever for nonrecipients). Associations between preexisting mental health conditions and treatments and subsequent long-term opioid therapy were examined among recipients with at least 6 months’ follow-up using Cox proportional hazards regressions adjusted for demographics. Exposures Mental health condition diagnoses and treatments recorded in inpatient, outpatient, and filled-prescription claims prior to opioid receipt. Main Outcomes and Measures Opioid receipt, defined as any opioid analgesic prescription claim, and long-term opioid therapy, defined as more than 90 days’ supply within a 6-month window having no gaps in supply of more than 32 days. Results Of the 1 224 520 new opioid recipients included, the median age at first receipt was 17 years (interquartile range, 16-18 years), and 51.1% were female. Median follow-up after first receipt was 625 days (interquartile range, 255-1268 days). Adolescents with anxiety, mood, neurodevelopmental, sleep, and nonopioid substance use disorders and most mental health treatments were significantly more likely to receive any opioid (odds ratios from 1.13 [95% CI, 1.10-1.16] for nonopioid substance use disorders to 1.69 [95% CI, 1.58-1.81] for nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics). Among the 1 000 453 opioid recipients (81.7%) who had at least 6 months’ follow-up, the cumulative incidence of long-term opioid therapy was 3.0 (95% CI, 2.8-3.1) per 1000 recipients within 3 years after first opioid receipt. All preexisting mental health conditions and treatments were strongly associated with higher rates of long-term opioid therapy (adjusted hazard ratios from 1.73 [95% CI 1.54-1.95] for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to 8.90 [95% CI, 5.85-13.54] for opioid use disorder). Conclusions and Relevance Commercially insured adolescents with many types of preexisting mental health conditions and treatments were modestly more likely to receive any opioid and were substantially more likely to subsequently transition to long-term opioid therapy relative to those without, although overall rates of long-term opioid therapy were low.

A photon beam test of the 4 m long prototype lead/scintillating-fibre module for the GlueX electromagnetic barrel calorimeter was carried out in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility with the objective of measuring the energy and timing resolutions of the module as well as the number of photoelectrons generated. Data were collected over an energy range of 150–650 MeV at multiple positions and angles along the module. Details of the analysis at the centre of and perpendicular to the module are shown herein; the results are σ E / E = 5.4 % / E ( GeV ) ⊕ 2.3 % , σ Δ T / 2 = 70 / E ps, and 660 photoelectrons for 1 GeV at each end of the module.

Summary Purpose: To determine if the clinical characteristics of nonepileptic seizures (NES) are different in children younger than 13 years age as compared to adolescents. Methods: Retrospective review of medical records and video-EEGs (VEEG) of all patients with NES confirmed on VEEG monitoring was performed. Results: Sixty-eight (3.5%) of 1,967 patients monitored with VEEG had a clinical diagnosis of NES. Fifty-nine of 68 patients had their habitual event recorded. Mean age at the time of the VEEG diagnosis was 13 years 4 months. Twenty-two patients were less than 13 years (group A) and 37 were 13 years and older (group B). The male to female ratio was equal in group A, with female predominance seen in group B. NES commonly manifested as subtle motor activity in group A (p < 0.01) and prominent motor activity in group B (p < 0.001). Difficulties at school, family discord, and interpersonal conflicts, were frequent stressors in both groups. Sexual abuse was the least frequent. Depression was more common in group B; cognitive dysfunction (p < 0.001) and epilepsy (p < 0.01) were more common in group A. Conclusions: Differences in clinical semiology and predisposing factors may help identify young children and adolescents who might be at risk for the development of NES.

We describe the design and operation of a detector system for measuring all-photon decays of mesons photoproduced in a tagged photon beam with energies between 4.3 and 5.4 GeV and a flux of 5×107 tagged photons per second. Photons from meson decays were detected with a lead-glass calorimeter with an energy resolution of 11% at 1 GeV. Various veto and trigger components were also present. Final states with as many as six photons were successfully detected and reconstructed.

Depression, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety commonly co-occur with chronic pain. However, the degree to which improvement in these psychological comorbidities predicts subsequent pain outcomes and, in particular, the relative effects of these 3 psychological factors with respect to each other is only partially known. Longitudinal analysis of 250 primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain enrolled in the Stepped Care to Optimize Pain care Effectiveness (SCOPE) trial was examined, using data gathered at baseline, and at 3 and 12 months. Mixed effects model repeated measures analyses were used to determine if changes in depression, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety predicted a subsequent reduction in pain intensity or interference and pain-related disability. Defining a clinically significant change as twice the standard error of measurement for each predictor, we found that a 2-standard error of measurement improvement in depression, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety resulted in, respectively, an effect size decrease in pain intensity or interference of .45, .33, and .12; a 14%, 12%, and 6% reduction in the number of pain-specific disability days; and a 43%, 30%, and 28% decreased likelihood of high disability (defined as ≥10 pain-specific disability days in the past 4 weeks). In summary, improvements in 3 common psychological comorbidities predicted better pain outcomes. Perspective Because depression, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety commonly accompany chronic pain and might adversely affect pain outcomes, treatment of these modifiable psychological factors is warranted to optimize the effectiveness of pain-specific therapies.

The time and amplitude characteristics of a scintillation counter were investigated on an accelerator beam with a momentum of 5 GeV/c at the Institute for High Energy Physics. The scintillator, with a length of 2 m and a cross section of 2.5 × 2.5 cm2, was viewed from its end faces by ΦЭУ-115M photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The dependences of the signal amplitude and the time resolution of a PMT on the position of a particle track along the scintillator were described by quadratic exponentials. When a constant fraction discriminator was used to form the PMT signal, the time resolutions at the center and at the periphery of the counter were 150 and 80 ps, respectively. Better results were obtained with a standard leading-edge discriminator after correcting the dependence of its response time on the signal amplitude.

Phototubes associated with a Cherenkov counter, with a wall of scintillation counters for time-of-flight measurements and with a wall of lead glass blocks of an electro-magnetic calorimeter will operate in the fringe field of a superconducting solenoid in the GlueX experiment. The solenoid will be operated with a central magnetic field of ≈ 2.5 T . The maximum fringe field in the vicinity of the phototubes will be approximately 150 G . Various techniques for magnetic shielding of phototubes were studied using a 1-m diameter Helmholtz coil arrangement operated with a maximum central field of 200 G . Results are presented.

Timing properties of two types of scintillation counters have been studied in 5 GeV /c hadron beam of the IHEP (Protvino) accelerator. The counters are prototypes of hodoscope elements that will be used in experiments for particle identification and fast timing of events. Scintillator cross-sections are 1.25×6.0 and 2.5×2.5 cm 2 and their length is 2 m . The dependence of the time resolution on the particle coordinate along the counters and on the beam intensity is presented.

Rough and tumble (RT) play is a unique set of behaviors that can be reliably distinguished from aggression and other childhood activities. Although it may be the most fundamental form of play, it has received comparatively little experimental attention in the human species. Forty children, ages three to six, were allowed to play in pairs (10 male pairs, 10 female pairs) during a 30 minute videotaped session with no toys available while music played in the background during every other five-minute time period. The incidence frequency of children's play and related behavioral activities were scored using 20 behavioral categories. The major findings show only modest gender differences in the frequency of play behaviors in such controlled social encounters; the main difference is that boys engaged in slightly more physical play solicitations than girls. Music facilitated General Motor Activities (e.g., Running and Walking behaviors), but not specific RT play actions (e.g., Wrestling, Ventral and Dorsal contacts). Finally, most play behaviors as well as general activities declined systematically over the course of each recording session. This experiment highlights how human social play can be systematically studied in a controlled laboratory setting.

Timing characteristics of two time-of-flight scintillation counters were studied using particle beams at the IHEP (Protvino) accelerator. The bars were 2 m long and had a cross-section of 2.5×6.0 cm 2 . Each bar was viewed from both ends by XP2020 photomultipliers. A time resolution better than 40 ps was achieved.

The proposed Hall D detector at Jefferson Lab will have a time-of-flight detector composed of long and narrow scintillator bars. We have evaluated the time resolution of two bar prototypes in particle beams at the Institute for High Energy Physics in Protvino, Russia. The bars are 2.0 m long and have square cross-sections of size 2.5 and 5.0 cm 2 . In this paper, we present results on how the time resolution of each of these bars depends on the entry position of the beam into the scintillator, on the material used for scintillator wrapping and on the phototube used for the readout.

New measurements of peripheral meson production are presented. The data confirm the existence of exotic mesons at 1.4 and 1.6 GeV/c2. The latter state dominates the eta'pi- decay spectrum. The data on eta pi+pi-pi- decay show large strength in several exotic (Jpc = 1- +) waves as well.

Brookhaven Experiment E852 is an experiment in meson spectroscopy configured to detect final states interactions of π − p collisions in search for meson states incompatible with the constituent quark model. A description of the experimental apparatus and a general overview of the latest results is given.

The design and construction of a Cockcroft–Walton-type base for the Russian FEU84-3 photomultiplier are described. Several unique features are emphasized. Results from the tests of prototypes are presented.

A 3045 element lead glass calorimeter and an associated fast trigger processor have been constructed, tested and implemented in BNL experiment E852 in conjunction with the multi-particle spectrometer (MPS). Approximately, 10 9 all-neutral and neutral plus charged triggers were recorded with this apparatus during data runs in 1994 and 1995. This paper reports on the construction, testing and performance of this lead glass calorimeter and the associated trigger processor.

A cylindrical multiwire drift chamber with axial charge-division has been constructed and used in experiment E852 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. It serves as a trigger element and as a tracking device for recoil protons in π p interactions. We describe the chamber's design considerations, details of its construction, electronics, and performance characteristics.

The design, construction, and performance of a 198-element CsI detector built for Brookhaven experiment E852 is described. Design considerations for the array included such factors as rate, magnetic field, sensitivity and acceptance. Signals were obtained with a photodiode/preamplifier combination using PIN photodiodes. Data were taken over the course of two runs during the summers of 1993 and 1994. A calibration procedure using halo muons is described. The gain, energy resolution, and position resolution of the detector are discussed. Finally, the ability of the detector to be used as a low energy photon veto is illustrated using the data.

A scintillation detector meeting specific physics requirements and geometrical constraints is described. It operates with high efficiency inside a 1 T magnet in an intense charged particle beam of up to 3 × 106 particles/s. It uses a unique light collection system combining air space, wavelength shifter disc and conventional lucite light guides. The detector is used in a veto mode to identify interactions that produce an all-neutral final state. The details of the counter's design, construction and performance are described.

The urge for physical play in mammals, including humans, is built into the nervous system (Panksepp, 2008). This has been rigorously demonstrated in laboratory animals (Ikemoto & Panksepp, 1992). Although the precise functions of physical play remain unspecified, it is likely essential for optimal childhood development, both body and mind, with many demonstrated benefits (Burgdorf, Kroes, Beinfeld, Panksepp, & Moskal, 2010; Panksepp, 1993, 2010). We propose that play forms the backbone of young children’s daily life through spontaneous social learning that enhances social interactions, promotes learning, and provides positive affect that may increase psychological resilience. In fact, we now know that play provides considerable benefits in young animals, where the necessary detailed behavioral work can be done (as summarized in Burgdorf et al., 2010; Burgdorf, Panksepp, & Moskal, 2011; Gordon, Burke, Akil, Watson, & Panksepp, 2003; Panksepp, Siviy, & Normansell, 1984; Pellis & Pellis, 2009; Vanderschuren, 2010).

Two prototype lead glass calorimeters have been constructed and tested at the AGS at Brookhaven National Lab. The first is a 25-element prototype (P1)

The prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among 155 primary caregivers of children with mental health problems were examined along with variables that mediated or moderated the association of child behavior problems with caregivers' depressive symptoms. Forty percent of participants scored 22 or higher on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, indicating that they might have a serious depression. Perceived personal control, subjective distress, and role disruption mediated the association between internalizing child behavior problems and depressive symptoms. Tangible social support moderated the association between internalizing behavior problems and depressive symptoms. Intangible social support moderated the association between externalizing behavior problems and depressive symptoms.

A partial wave analysis ~PWA! of the hp 0 system ~where h!gg) produced in the charge exchange reaction p 2 p!hp 0 n at an incident momentum of 18 GeV/c is presented as a function of the hp 0 invariant mass mhp 0 and momentum transfer squared t p2!hp , from the incident p 2 to the outgoing hp 0 system. S, P, and D waves were included in the PWA. The a0(980) and a2(1320) states are clearly observed in the overall hp 0 effective mass distribution as well as in the amplitudes associated with S wave and D waves, respectively, after partial wave decomposition. The observed distributions in moments ~averages of spherical harmonics! were compared to the results from the PWA and the two are consistent. The distribution in t p2!hp for individual D waves associated with natural and unnatural parity exchange in the t channel are consistent with Regge phenomenology. Of particular interest in this study is the P wave since this leads to an exotic J PC 51 21 for the hp system. A P wave is present in the data; however, attempts to describe the mass dependence of the amplitude and phase motion with respect to the D wave as a Breit-Wigner resonance are problematic. This has implications regarding the existence of a reported exotic J PC 51 21 meson decaying into hp 0 with a mass near 1.4 GeV/c 2 .

A partial wave analysis of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ system produced in the charge exchange reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}n$ at an incident momentum of 18.3 $\mathrm{GeV}/c$ is presented as a function of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ invariant mass ${m}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}}$ and momentum transfer squared $|t|$ from the incident ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to the outgoing ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ system. For small values of $|t|,$ the S-wave intensity shows a broad enhancement at low ${m}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}}$ with a sharp dip in the vicinity of the ${f}_{0}(980).$ A dip is also observed in the vicinity of the ${f}_{0}(1500).$ There is a rapid variation of the S to ${D}_{0}$ relative phase difference in these mass regions. For large values of $|t|,$ the ${f}_{0}(980)$ appears as a bump. The ${f}_{2}(1270),$ observed in D waves, is produced dominantly by $\ensuremath{\pi}$ exchange at low values of $|t|$ and ${a}_{2}$ exchange at higher values of $|t|.$

A partial-wave analysis of 9082 {eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}n events produced in the reaction {pi}{sup -}p{yields}{eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}n at 18.3 GeV/c has been carried out using data from experiment 852 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data are dominated by J{sup PC}=0{sup -+} partial waves consistent with observation of the {eta}(1295) and the {eta}(1440). The mass and width of the {eta}(1295) were determined to be 1282{+-}5 MeV and 66{+-}13 MeV, respectively, while the {eta}(1440) was observed with a mass of 1404{+-}6 MeV and a width of 80{+-}21 MeV. Other partial waves of importance include the 1{sup ++} and the 1{sup +-} waves. Results of the partial wave analysis are combined with results of other experiments to estimate f{sub 1}(1285) branching fractions. These values are considerably different from current values determined without the aid of amplitude analyses. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

Events of the type {pi}{sup {minus}}p{r_arrow}n{eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}} and {pi}{sup {minus}}p{r_arrow}n{eta}{pi}{sup 0} at 18thinspGeV/c are analyzed. The mass and width of the neutral and charged a{sub 0}(980) were determined. The neutral a{sub 0} is found to have a mass of (0.991{plus_minus}0.0025)thinspGeV/c{sup 2} and a width of (0.069{plus_minus}0.011)thinspGeV/c{sup 2}. A partial wave analysis technique yields (0.9983{plus_minus}0.0040) and (0.072{plus_minus}0.010)thinspGeV/c{sup 2} for the mass and width of the charged a{sub 0}. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

This study investigated the clinical utility of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) with psychtatric inpatients Specific questions addressed were possible ceiling effects in the SWBS for this population and the SWBS's factor structure Statistical analysis on archival data from 141 female and 61 male (N = 202) patients suggested a lack of significan ceiling effects in the SWBS with this poputation. Factor analysis, using Direct Obliman rotation, evidenced three factor solution for this sample. Psychometric issues and clinica, utility of the SWBS with this population are discussed.