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Background:. As long-term, regular aesthetic botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) use becomes more commonplace, it is vital to understand real-world risk factors and impact of BoNT-A immunoresistance. The first Aesthetic Council on Ethical Use of Neurotoxin Delivery panel discussed issues relating to BoNT-A immunoresistance from the health care professionals’ (HCPs’) perspective. Understanding the implications of BoNT-A immunoresistance from the aesthetic patient’s viewpoint allows HCPs to better support patients throughout their aesthetic treatment journey. Methods:. A real-world consumer study surveyed 363 experienced aesthetic BoNT-A recipients across six Asia-Pacific territories. The survey mapped participants’ BoNT-A aesthetic treatment journey and characterized awareness and attitudes relating to BoNT-A immunoresistance and treatment implications. At the second Aesthetic Council on Ethical use of Neurotoxin Delivery meeting, panelists discussed survey findings and developed consensus statements relating to the impact of BoNT-A immunoresistance on the aesthetic treatment journey. Results:. Aesthetic BoNT-A patients’ depth of knowledge about BoNT-A immunoresistance remains low, and risk/benefit communications need to be more lay-friendly. The initial consultation is the most important touchpoint for HCPs to raise awareness of BoNT-A immunoresistance as a potential side effect considering increased risk with repeated high-dose treatments. HCPs should be cognizant of differences across BoNT-A formulations due to the presence of certain excipients and pharmacologically unnecessary components that can increase immunogenicity. Standardized screening for clinical signs of secondary nonresponse and a framework for diagnosing and managing immunoresistance-related secondary nonresponse were proposed. Conclusion:. These insights can help patients and HCPs make informed treatment decisions to achieve desired aesthetic outcomes while preserving future treatment options with BoNT-A.

BackgroundFinding individuals with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is important to control the pandemic and improve patient clinical outcomes. To our knowledge, systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of different DR-TB case-finding strategies to inform research, policy, and practice, have not been conducted and the scope of primary research is unknown. ObjectiveWe therefore assessed the available literature on DR-TB case-finding strategies. MethodsWe looked at systematic reviews, trials, qualitative studies, diagnostic test accuracy studies, and other primary research that sought to improve DR-TB case detection specifically. We excluded studies that included patients seeking care for tuberculosis (TB) symptoms, patients already diagnosed with TB, or were laboratory-based. We searched the academic databases of MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO (The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) using no language or date restrictions. We screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles in duplicate. Data extraction and analyses were carried out in Excel (Microsoft Corp). ResultsWe screened 3646 titles and abstracts and 236 full-text articles. We identified 6 systematic reviews and 61 primary studies. Five reviews described the yield of contact investigation and focused on household contacts, airline contacts, comparison between drug-susceptible tuberculosis and DR-TB contacts, and concordance of DR-TB profiles between index cases and contacts. One review compared universal versus selective drug resistance testing. Primary studies described (1) 34 contact investigations, (2) 17 outbreak investigations, (3) 3 airline contact investigations, (4) 5 epidemiological analyses, (5) 1 public-private partnership program, and (6) an e-registry program. Primary studies were all descriptive and included cross-sectional and retrospective reviews of program data. No trials were identified. Data extraction from contact investigations was difficult due to incomplete reporting of relevant information. ConclusionsExisting descriptive reviews can be updated, but there is a dearth of knowledge on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of DR-TB case-finding strategies to inform policy and practice. There is also a need for standardization of terminology, design, and reporting of DR-TB case-finding studies.

Background: Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women are not well characterized. Objectives: To describe the patterns of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Women 63–97 years (n = 6126) wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer on their hip for 1 week. Latent class analysis was used to classify women by patterns of percent of wake time in physical activity and sedentary behavior over the week. Results: On average, participants spent two-thirds of their day in sedentary behavior (62.3%), 21.1% in light low, 11.0% in light high, and 5.6% in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Five classes emerged for each single-component model for sedentary behavior and light low, light high, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Six classes emerged for the multi-component model that simultaneously considered the four behaviors together. Conclusion: Unique profiles were identified in both single- and multi-component models that can provide new insights into habitual patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women. Implications: The multi-component approach can contribute to refining public health guidelines that integrate recommendations for both enhancing age-appropriate physical activity levels and reducing time spent in sedentary behavior.

Objective To explore the impacts of Xingnaojing Injection plus ulinastatin plus continuous renal replacement therapy （CRRT） on efficacy, immune function and hemodynamics of septic patients complicated with acute kidney injury （AKI）. Methods From May 1, 2019 to May 31, 2022, 104 septic patients complicated with AKI were selected and randomized into two groups of observation （n = 52） and control （n = 52）. Control group received ulinastatin plus CRRT. And observation group had Xingnaojing injection on the basis of control group. Physiological status was evaluated by APACHE Ⅱ score; the levels of T lymphocyte subsets （CD4+/CD8+） were measured by flow cytometry before and after treatment and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was calculated; the levels of immunoglobulin IgA, IgM and IgG were measured by one-way immunodiffusion before and after treatment; central venous pressure （CVP）, mean arterial pressure （MAP） and heart rate （HR） were monitored with an electronic monitor before and after treatment; in addition, efficacies, changes of APACHE Ⅱ score, CD4+ and CD8+ levels, CD4+/CD8+, IgA/M/G, CVP, MAP and HR were compared between two groups. Results The efficacy of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group （90.39% vs 73.08%, χ2 = 5.216, P = 0.022）. APACHE Ⅱ score of observation and control group declined markedly after treatment [（20.57 ± 3.72） points, （19.74 ± 3.51） points vs （9.67 ± 2.24） points, （13.84 ± 3.11） points] （P＜0.05） and APACHE Ⅱ score of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group after treatment （P＜0.05）. CD4+ level [（30.73 ± 6.54）%, （29.46 ± 6.28）% vs （35.82 ± 6.59）%, （32.65 ± 6.74）%] and CD4+/CD8+ [（1.10 ± 0.24）, （1.12 ± 0.26） vs （1.84±0.31）、（1.52±0.29）] spiked obviously after treatment in observation and control groups. CD8+ level declined markedly [（27.94 ± 5.75）%, （26.30 ± 5.54）% vs （19.48 ± 4.21）%, （21.45 ± 4.54）%] （P＜0.05）.After treatment, the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher in observation group than those in control group; CD8+ level was significantly lower than that in control group （P＜0.05）. The levels of IgA [（1.32 ± 0.31） g/L, （1.28 ± 0.29） g/L vs （1.96 ± 0.48） g/L, （1.63 ± 0.42）g/L], IgM [（0.95 ± 0.31） g/L, （0.91 ± 0.28） g/L vs （1.96 ± 0.51） g/L, （1.37 ± 0.36） g/L] and IgG [（5.82 ± 0.81） g/L, （5.77 ± 0.76） g/L vs （9.75 ± 1.43） g/L, （7.32 ± 1.24） g/L] in observation and control groups were significant after treatment. After treatment, the levels of IgA, IgM and IgG were significantly higher in observation group than those in control group （P＜0.05）. The levels of CVP [（6.47 ± 1.24） mmH2O, （6.42 ± 1.21） mmH2O vs （12.83 ± 2.85） mmH2O, （9.54 ± 2.32） mmH2O] and MAP [（56.53 ± 5.34） mmHg, （55.87 ± 5.21） mmHg vs （87.27 ± 6.83） mmHg, （71.92 ± 6.42） mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa] spiked markedly in observation and control groups after treatment. HR declined markedly [（117.56 ± 12.65） beat/min, （115.73 ± 12.57） beat/min vs （83.41 ± 8.73） beat/min, （98.65 ± 10.51） beat/min] （P＜0.05）. After treatment, CVP and MAP levels were significantly higher in observation group than those in control group and HR was significantly lower than that in control group （P＜0.05）. The levels of urea nitrogen [（10.38 ± 2.31） mmol/L, （10.42 ± 2.34） mmol/L vs （14.22 ± 3.34） mmol/L, （19.14±5.27） mmol/L] and serum creatinine [（125.87 ± 26.57） μmol/L, （125.76 ± 25.68） μmol/L vs （183.55 ± 36.81） μmol/L, （241.26 ± 42.79） μmol/L] spiked obviously （P＜0.05）. After treatment, the levels of urea nitrogen and blood creatinine were significantly lower in observation group than those in control group （P＜0.05）. Conclusions Xingnaojing injection combined with ulinastatin and continuous renal replacement therapy are effective in treating patients with sepsis complicated with AKI, which can effectively improve the immune function and hemodynamics of patients, and alleviate the condition of patients.