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The split ratio of rotor outer diameter to stator outer diameter is one of the most important design parameters due to its significant impact on machine torque density and efficiency. It has been optimised analytically in existing papers with due account given only for the thermal limitations. Here, the optimised split ratio for high‐speed permanent magnet machines (HSPMM) with consideration of the mechanical constraints is investigated analytically. In addition, the influences of flux density ratio, maximum operating speed and sleeve material on the optimised split ratio are discussed in detail. The analytical results are verified by finite‐element analyses. It is demonstrated that the optimised split ratio as well as the achievable torque of HSPMM is significantly reduced when the mechanical constraints are taken into consideration. The experimental results on a 6/slot‐4pole HSPMM confirm the validity of previous analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 50 years, the hydrological system of the Haihe River Basin in northern China has undergone great changes, such as declines in runoff and discharge, rivers drying up, and groundwater depletion. Both climate variability and human activities have been regarded as causes for these changes, but which is the major reason was not clear in the past. This paper aims to quantify the impact of climate variability, particularly changes of precipitation, and human activities (water storage projects, agricultural development, soil and water conservation projects, and agricultural water saving) on the hydrological system of the basin. A basin-level water consumption balance model was used to simulate the changes of the hydrological system during the period of 1958-2008. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Pettitt's test methods were adopted to identify trends and change points of the hydrological factors. And the contribution of climatic variability and human activities was calculated based on the multi-year average of all the climatic and hydrological parameters of different river basin management stages and their relative changes between adjacent periods. The results show that from 1958 to 1965 the basin hydrological system was in the natural state of equilibrium. During 1966-1978 human activities were the main factors with the contribution of 96.1 and 76.6 % for the upstream and downstream area. During the period of 1979-1988, the change of precipitation was the main factor to cause the upstream and downstream hydrological system changes with contributions of 73.8 and 64.1 %. In the period of 1989-2000 and 2001-2008, the climate variability still dominated the impact of the hydrological system changes in the upstream and downstream areas. Based on these findings, some measures were recommended to improve the balance of the hydrological system in this basin including recharging the downstream area with water that is currently stored in the upstream, implementing agricultural water-saving practices in the basin, and using treated sewage from the cities for river environmental flow recovery and wetland restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamaldehyde was shown to have significant anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic actions in studies from both others' and our lab. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a key role in generation of these pathological states, while PGE, synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is one of crucial biological elements in the process of PGE2 production. And as a downstream inducible terminal prostaglandin synthase of COX-2, mPGES-1 is now regarded as a more promising novel drug target than COX-2 and is attracting more and more attention from both academia and pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of present study was to further investigate the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic molecular mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde based on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264. 7 in vitro. The PGE2 was identified by using the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by the Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods respectively. The experimental results suggested that cinnamaldehyde could evidently reverse the increased production of PGE2induced by IL-1beta. Moreover, the up-regulated expression levels of mPGES-1 and COX-2 were significatly decreased. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that the down-regulated actions to both the production of PGE2 as well as the expression of mPGES-I might account for, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects of cinnamaldehyde.

Background and Objective: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, and its activity is correlated with cell's sensitivity to chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the differential expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973 and Anip973/NVB, and to observe the correlation between hTERT mRNA and drug-resistance., Methods: The real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the change of hTERT mRNA in human lung adenocarcinoma drug-resistant cell Anip973/NVB and parental cell Anip973 treated by NVB., Results: In the control group, the expression of hTERT mRNA showed no significant difference between drug-resistant cell Anip973/NVB and parental cell Anip973. After been treated by NVB, the expression of hTERT mRNA in parental cell was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and drug-resistant cell Anip973/ NVB had no evidently variant (P > 0.05). The down-regulated hTERT mRNA in Anip973 cell was higher than that in Anip973/ NVB cell., Conclusion: Telomerase correlates with the drug-resistant cell A973/NVB, and telomerase may be a new target for multi-drug resistant inversion.

After the rat model of cervical spondylosis was developed for 6 months, the PGE2 content and COX activity in the cervical intervertebral discs were determined respectively by radioimmunoassay and catalytic activity assay. The results indicated that the PGE2 content and COX activity in the model rat increased significantly, and that Ge Gen Decoction could down-regulate the PGE2 content and inhibit COX activity. This is possibly one of the mechanisms of Ge Gen Decoction for treating cervical spondylosis.