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With the rapid progress of agriculture and aquaculture, waste shells are harming the environment because of large production, and highly valued recycling is now holding more attention. However, there are still no good ways for simultaneously solving the poor mechanical and antibacterial performance during the recycling process. In this work, antibacterial shell-grafting-Ag powders/polylactic acid (shell-g-Ag/PLA) biocompatible composites, with comparable mechanical properties to industrial polymer counterparts, were prepared via the in situ reduction of Ag ions on surfaces of polydopamine-modified shell powders. The introduction of Ag particles increases the compatibility on the interface and endows the composites with antibacterial performance by inheriting the prominent characteristic from Ag. Without scarifying the mechanical properties by improving the crystallinity and interface, the loaded Ag particles in the composites endowed the composites with valorized antibacterial performance, evidenced by a bacterial inhibition width from 0 to ∼3.29 mm. The biofriendly composites, together with comparable mechanical properties to industrial PLA products, can serve as a sustainable material to be applied in the field of disposable packaging.

Little research has been done to examine how different personality traits (both “positive” and less desirable attributes) contribute to various aspects of creativity from a domain-specific point of view. The present study thus aimed to investigate the relationships between two types of personality traits (the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits) and three types of indicators of creativity (divergent thinking, creative activities, and creative achievements) among 559 university-level Chinese students. Results indicated that Openness served as a common core of both creative potential (divergent thinking) and real-life creativity (creative activities and achievements) at almost all levels and domains. Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were found to be significant predictors of real-life creativity in specific domains and levels (i.e., literature and sports). No significant relationship was found between Neuroticism and any indicator of creativity after controlling for the other Big Five traits. Compared to the Big Five traits, the Dark Triad traits had limited influence on creativity, with only Machiavellianism being a significant and positive predictor of literary and performance activities, and Narcissism being a significant and positive predictor of originality. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Self-poling poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) featuring uniformly aligned dipoles can convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy without post-poling treatment, which is a topic of intense ...

With the advent of 5G and the Internet of Things era, sensitive and stable sensors have begun to develop rapidly, which are important substantial fundaments of smart medical care. In this study, based on the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) in conductive polymer composites (CPC), a novel polyolefin elastomer (POE)/carbon fiber (CF) composite was prepared. By regulating the rheological behavior of the polymer matrix, we realized its controllable thermal expansion in the temperature field and finally realized the reversible construction-destruction of the conductive CF network. Under optimal molecular weight conditions, the POE/CF PTC sensor showed a high sensitivity of 0.11 °C-1 and stability. It was also demonstrated that the heat transfer efficiency of the composite material played an essential role in the sensitivity of the as-prepared PTC sensor. Most impressively, we have assembled an invisible respiratory monitoring device based on the POE/CF composite to achieve real-time monitoring of human breathing, which displayed wide potential prospects in thermal monitoring and provided good prospects for micron-scale functional composites.

The long-term operation of the reservoir at the flood limit water level in the flood season is not conducive to the exertion of the comprehensive benefits of the reservoir, especially in the flood free period, the operation of the reservoir at the flood limit water level will cause a certain waste of resources. On the one hand, with the continuous improvement of the forecast accuracy, the effective forecast period of flood forecast will continue to extend, when there is excess water in the flood free period, the water level can be raised instead of abandoning the water to increase the benefit of power generation. If there is a flood, it can be discharged within the effective forecast period of flood forecast to make the water level drop back to the flood limit level, so as to ensure the safety of flood control; On the other hand, affected by the forecast uncertainty and other factors, the higher the operating water level in the flood free period, the greater the risk that the water level can return to the flood limit water level through discharge, and the decision-making based only on the power generation benefit and risk rate is difficult to deal with the possible large-scale flood events in the future. This study proposes a dynamic water level decision-making system in flood free period. The system considers three factors: power generation benefit, discharge in the effective forecast period of flood forecast and risk rate. It can provide decision-makers with a variety of decision-making schemes and screen the optimal scheme, thus improving the operational benefit of hydropower station in flood season and reducing flood control risk. Firstly, historical data and various flood season staging methods are used to divide the flood season into multiple sub-seasons, and then the maximum inflow process in the effective forecast period of flood forecast in each sub-season is selected. According to this inflow process, the upper limit of operating water level in the flood free period of each sub-season is determined based on the reservoir discharge capacity, and the operating water level points and discharge ratio are discretized, Then the multi-order Monte Carlo Markov chain (MCMC) and Monte Carlo method are used to calculate the risk rate. Then, the scheme set is established by the three variables of power generation benefit, discharge ratio and risk rate. Finally, the weighted Topsis method is used to determine the optimal scheme. In the practical application, the influence of each risk factor on the risk rate and the influence of weight on the final decision are also compared and analyzed. This method has been verified in Youjiang reservoir in Yujiang River Basin. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Combined with the discharge in the forecast period, the reservoir operating water level has a certain lifting space in the flood free period, which can effectively reduce the waste of resources. (2) In the discharge process in the forecast period, runoff forecast error and discharge error are the two factors that have the greatest impact on the risk rate, and the multi-order MCMC method effectively reflects the relationship between the adjacent periods of runoff forecast error, and its simulation process is closer to the reality. (3) Topsis with the combination of AHP and entropy weight method can fully consider the characteristics of power generation benefit, discharge ratio and risk rate, and it is effective to select the optimal solution from the set of non-inferior schemes. This method provides a new idea for determining the operating water level of the reservoir in the flood season.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning-based method to automatically quantify left ventricular (LV) function from MR images in different cardiomyopathy. Methods: This retrospective study included MRI data sets from 2013 to 2020. Data on left ventricular function from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and healthy participants were analyzed. MRI data from a total of 388 patients were measured manually and automatically.The performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) was evaluated based on the manual notes of two experienced observers: (a) LV segmentation accuracy, and (b) LV functional parameter accuracy. Bland-Altman analysis, Receiver operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the consistency between fully automatic and manual diagnosis of HCM and DCM. Results: The deep-learning CNN performed best in HCM in evaluating LV function and worst in DCM. Compared with manual analysis, four parameters of LV function in the HCM group showed high correlation (r at least >0.901), and the correlation of DCM in all parameters was weaker than that of HCM, especially EF (r2 = 0.776) and SV (r2 = 0.645). ROC curve analysis indicated that at the optimal cut-off value, EF from automatic segmentation identified DCM and HCM patients with sensitivity of 92.31 and 78.05%, specificity of 82.96 and 54.07%, respectively. Conclusion: Among different heart diseases, the analysis of cardiac function based on deep-learning CNN may have different performances, with DCM performing the worst and HCM the best and thus, special attention should be paid to DCM patients when assessing LV function through artificial intelligence method. LV function parameter obtained by artificial intelligence method may play an important role in the future AI diagnosis of HCM and DCM. Advances in knowledge: These data for the first time objectively evaluate the performance of a commercially available deep learning-based method in cardiac function evaluation of different cardiomyopathy and point out its advantages and disadvantages in different cardiomyopathy. This work did not attempt to design the algorithm itself, but rather applied an already existing method to a test dataset of clinical data and evaluated the results for a limited number of cardiomyopathy.

Niobium carbide (Nb2CTx), a type of MXene with high optical transparency, large specific surface area, and good electrical conductivity, is expected to perform as an excellent medium in the field of optical fiber biosensing. Here, we fabricated double S-tapered fiber sensors functionalized with gold nanoparticles/graphene oxide/tyrosinase (AuNPs/GO/tyrosinase) and AuNPs/Nb2CTx/tyrosinase, respectively. The double S-tapered structure can provide more evanescent wave leakage and enhance light–matter interaction. By implementing transmittance experiment, the sensitivity of the two probes were tested to be 17 and 34 pm/ μM over 0–300 μM tyramine concentrations. The comparative results demonstrate that Nb2CTx-enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor has more excellent performance due to the existence of surface functional groups and large specific surface area of Nb2CTx. Our work provides a research platform for improving the sensitivity of LSPR sensors.

Since the outbreak in the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread out to all around the world and brought severe lost to lots of aspects of the society. To prevent and control the epidemic situation, models based on machine learning have been widely applied in many medical domains. Despite the abundant researches and works, there are few academic reports make review on them. This study is aimed to fill this gap by providing an systematic review of the machine learning technology applied in dealing with covid-19, including clinical diagnosis, transmission prediction and drug and vaccine invention. This will provide advantage for further research into the application of machine learning in medical and public hygiene area and give instructions for medical workers related to epidemic prevention and control in the future.

Background There is increasing recognition that left atrial (LA) function is prognostically important in cardiovascular disease. LA strain is a sensitive parameter to describe complex LA phasic function. However, the prognostic value of LA strain in participants with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of LA strain derived from cardiac MRI in study participants with idiopathic DCM. Materials and Methods Participants with idiopathic DCM who underwent cardiac MRI between June 2012 and November 2018 were prospectively enrolled. The fast long-axis strain MRI method was performed to assess LA strain. The primary end point was all-cause mortality and heart transplant, and the secondary end point was a combination of primary end point, heart failure readmission, and aborted sudden cardiac death. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to identify the association between variables and outcomes. Results There were 497 participants (mean age, 47 years ± 14 [standard deviation]; 357 men) evaluated. During a median follow-up of 36 months (interquartile range, 26-54 months), 113 participants reached primary end points and 203 participants reached secondary end points. LA reservoir, conduit and booster strain, and strain rate were lower in participants with primary end points (P < .001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, LA reservoir strain and conduit strain were independent predictors for primary end point (hazard ratio [HR] per 1% increase, 0.95 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; P = .008] and 0.92 [95% CI: 0.87, 0.98; P = .010], respectively) and secondary end points (HR per 1% increase, 0.95 [95% CI: 0.93, 0.97; P < .001] and 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89, 0.97; P < .001], respectively). In addition, LA reservoir strain and conduit strain added incremental prognostic value to clinical risk factors and late gadolinium enhancement presence (all, P < .05). Conclusion Left atrial reservoir and conduit strain, derived from cardiac MRI by using the fast long-axis method, were independent predictors of adverse clinical outcomes in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Ambale-Venkatesh in this issue.

Growing evidence has indicated that air pollution is associated with depression, and damage of olfactory bulb (OB) is regarded as an early marker for depression. However, the toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM

We study a magnon-photon coupling system consisting of a layered antiferromagnetic insulator ${\mathrm{CrCl}}_{3}$ and a planar superconducting cavity. By changing the position of the ${\mathrm{CrCl}}_{3}$ crystal on the cavity, we separately demonstrate the cavity mode coupled with an acoustic mode and an optical mode when the magnetic moments are in a spin-flop transition. Based on the coupled Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations and Kirchhoff's equation, we predict that both the net magnetization and the N\'eel vector contribute to the coupling between the optical mode and cavity mode, and only the net magnetization participates in the coupling of the acoustic mode and cavity mode. This paper highlights the vital role played by the N\'eel vector as the key parameter of an antiferromagnet in magnon-photon coupling, which offers insight into designing antiferromagnet spintronic devices.

Creativity is a wild mind and a disciplined eye.—Dorothy Parker Essential Questions to Guide the Reader How is creativity defined? What are the primary models for understanding creativity and how it emerges? How can long-term creative productivity be fostered? What are the major strategies for assessing creativity in educational settings?

We experimentally observed an ultrahigh blocking temperature, above 600 K, in an exchange-biased Fe/FeO bilayer after field annealing at 773 K. This is far above the 198 K N\'eel temperature of bulk FeO. By comparing with an Fe/FeO/Fe trilayer and studying the Fe thickness dependence, we find that the magnetic proximity effect, due to coupling between the Fe layer and the ultrathin amorphous FeO layer, is responsible for the high blocking temperature. The realization of high-temperature exchange bias using an ultrathin antiferromagnet paves the way to further miniaturize magnetic devices for high-information-density applications.

Uniformity of memory switching parameters is a critical issue in the application of resistance random access memory (RRAM). Herein, we report a resistive memory device based on a NiO layer pre-treated with an ionic liquid (IL) under positive voltage. Unlike a NiO-based device without IL pre-treatment, the IL-pre-treated device exhibited a forming-free characteristic, with uniform operation voltages and resistance as well as an enhanced Roff/Ron ratio during resistive switching. Further analysis indicated that performance improvement of the IL-pre-treated device can be attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies in the film and the creation of Ni0-rich regions in the interface of NiO/Pt during IL pre-treatment. This finding offers a simple and practical pathway to develop high-performance filament-type memory devices.

With the growing demand for wearable electronic devices in recent years, flexible memory devices have attracted great interest among researchers. Here we report a flexible resistive memory device based on a hybrid of MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The device shows not only a low operating voltage (about 0.4 V), but also multilevel states by controlling the compliance current. In addition, it exhibits long retention time, high repeatability, and bending endurance. Further analysis indicates that the resistive-switching phenomenon can be attributed to the effect of electron trapping and de-trapping in the MoS2–rGO heterojunction. Our findings suggest that the MoS2–rGO hybrid has the potential to be applied in flexible, low-power, and high-density nonvolatile memory.

Background Parameters of myocardial deformation may provide improved insights into right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. We quantified RV longitudinal myocardial function using a fast, semi-automated method and investigated its diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), who respectively exemplify patients with RV volume and pressure overload conditions. Methods The study enrolled 150 patients (rTOF, n = 75; PAH, n = 75) and 75 healthy controls. RV parameters of interest were fast global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rates during systole (GLSRs), early diastole (GLSRe) and late diastole (GLSRa), obtained by tracking the distance from the medial and lateral tricuspid valve insertions to the RV epicardial apex on cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Results The RV fast GLS exhibited good agreement with strain values obtained by conventional feature tracking approach (bias − 4.9%, error limits (± 2·standard deviation) ± 4.3%) with fast GLS achieving greater reproducibility and requiring reduced analysis time. Mean RV fast GLS was reduced in PAH and rTOF groups compared to healthy controls (PAH P 2) and percentage of predicted PVO2 achieved during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Lower RV fast GLS was associated with subnormal exercise capacity in rTOF (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.822, sensitivity = 72%, specificity = 91%, cut-off = 19.3%). In PAH patients, reduced RV fast GLS was associated with RV decompensated hemodynamics (AUC = 0.717, sensitivity = 75%, specificity = 58%, cut-off = 14.6%) and higher risk of clinical worsening (AUC = 0.808, sensitivity = 79%, specificity = 70 %, cut-off = 16.0%). Conclusions Quantitative RV fast strain and strain rate parameters assessed from CMR identify abnormalities of RV function in rTOF and PAH and are predictive of exercise capacity, RV decompensation and clinical risks in these patients. Trial registry Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03217240

We use a magnetic field to manipulate the pinned spins in an Fe/FeO bilayer at room temperature, observing the behavior of the pinned magnetic moment via magnetometry. Our experiment reveals a linear relationship between the exchange bias field and the pinned magnetic moment. Based on the pinned uncompensated spin density at the interface as a function of the pinned moment, we provide a quantitative description of the exchange bias effect via exchange interaction of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spins.

Additional file 1. Fast global longitudinal strain: details about the anatomical point tracking and the methodological considerations and robustness analysis on RV apical point selection

Since mechanical failure is one of the main failures of the circuit breaker, on-line monitoring of mechanical condition has important practical significance. Mechanical vibration can reflect the mechanical state of circuit breaker in the whole time series and spectrum range. Besides, the vibration signals produced by the same type of circuit breaker are similar, and the operation status of the equipment can be diagnosed and studied by the vibration signals. Therefore, the vibration signal can be used to extract features to diagnose the running state of the equipment. In this paper, for a 12 kV AC medium volt-age vacuum circuit breaker, a variety of fault conditions are designed and the vibration signal of the breaker under normal and fault conditions is collected. The original signals are decomposed by wavelet packet and processed by method of band energy, energy entropy and Euclidean distance respectively, and then the eigenvectors including vibration characteristics are obtained. Finally Support Vector Machine is used to distinguish the normal and fault states, which provides a basis for the realization of on-line fault diagnosis technology for circuit breakers.

Due in large part to technological advances, society has changed in unprecedented ways and at a breakneck pace. Yet conceptions of giftedness and models for gifted education have not kept pace with these changes. One conceptual change widely applied to other fields is the use of sociocultural theories, which are rarely applied to the study of and education for giftedness and talent development. Such perspectives emphasize the interrelated nature of the individual and their social and cultural contexts. A sociocultural approach to giftedness focuses less on the individual student and more on the ways in which that student is supported by and interacts with their immediate social context. The emphasis in a sociocultural approach to talent development is primarily on the need to provide enriched contexts for students as they interact with each other and cultural tools, resulting in the emergence of talent.

Piezoelectric polymers have aroused tremendous attention in self-powered flexible wearable electronics. However, conventional plate-like piezoelectric devices demonstrated insufficient output power and monotonous piezoelectric energy harvesting performance only in one direction, failing to accommodate the complex multi-dimensional stress field. In this study, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) tube featuring all-directional piezoelectric energy harvesting performance with excellent rebound resilience was prepared via a fast industrial extrusion. Benefitting from the isotropic hollow tubular structure, the piezoelectric tube experienced large deformation at a small external load and thus exhibited a strong load-amplifying function to generate the optimized output power at multi-stresses from any direction, with sensitive piezoelectric performance, quick response and mechanical robustness. Finally, the practical potential as a robust energy harvester was evaluated by harvesting small energy from irregular human motions. This study provides a facile structure designing strategy for the preparation of functional piezoelectric devices for multi-directional mechanical energy harvesting applications.

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel is the main contributor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel, so reducing the content of PAHs in FCC diesel is of great significance to environmental protection and high-value utilization of FCC diesel. To understand the potential separation of dicyclic aromatic from FCC diesel, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2-methoxyethanol (EGME), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were selected as extracting solvents. The liquid-liquid phase behavior of the dodecane + 1-methylnaphthalene + solvent systems was determined to investigate the solvent extraction ability, the values of S were calculated and the high selectivity of DMSO could be confirmed. Then, the quantum chemical calculation found that the extraction mechanism of DMSO and DMF was weak H-bond and van der Waals (VDW) forces, while that of EGME was only VDW force. Additionally, the structure-activity relationship between solvent molecular structure and solvent selectivity was obtained by combining the experimental results and the quantum chemical calculations, which could provide theoretical guidance for the selection of high separation performance solvents in the future. Finally, the binary interaction parameters of NRTL and UNIQUAC models were obtained with the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values all less than 0.60%, which provide basic data for the further simulation of aromatics extraction of FCC diesel.

A main purpose of the present study was to examine and compare attitudes toward inclusive education between parents of children with ASD, parents of typically developing children, and classroom tea...

Saving energy and reducing operation parameter fluctuations remain crucial for enabling resistive random access memory (RRAM) to emerge as a universal memory. In this work, we report a resistive memory device based on an amorphous MgO (a-MgO) film that not only exhibits ultralow programming voltage (just 0.22 V) and low power consumption (less than 176.7 μW) but also shows excellent operative uniformity (the coefficient of variation is only 1.7% and 2.2% for SET and RESET voltage, respectively). Moreover, it also shows a forming-free characteristic. Further analysis indicates that these distinctive properties can be attributed to the unstable local structures and the rough surface of the Mg-deficient a-MgO film. These findings show the potential of using a-MgO in high-performance nonvolatile memory applications.

We reveal the multiple-path microwave interference induced microwave transmission in a cavity-magnonic system composed of a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) film and a microstrip cavity circuit. By changing the position of the YIG in the circuit, we identify that the magnon in YIG is driven by the standing microwave from the cavity or by the traveling wave through the microstrip. We observe that the microwave transmission spectra show an anti-crossing dispersion named mode repulsion and an anomalous dispersion named mode attraction, respectively. The characteristic of anti-cross dispersion spectra is theoretically predicted using the coupling between the magnon and the cavity. Without coupling, the anomalous dispersion in our experiment is well interpreted by the multiple-path microwave interference between the indirect paths through the cavity and the magnon and the direct path through the traveling wave. And the anomalous dispersion is caused by the redistribution of the microwave transmission intensity. We also find the phases of the magnon in two cases changes π , which can be the key physical factor to understand the change of microwave transmission characteristics. Our work highlights the role played by the multiple-path microwave interference in magnonic microwave devices, which will be an important issue in designing microwave circuits based on the magnon.

The separation of aromatics from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) diesel is of great significance for environmental protection. The extraction ability of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), sulfolane (SUL), and 4-formylmorpholine (NFM) were studied by the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) experimental, and the corresponding LLE data of NMP/SUL/NFM + 1-methylnaphthalene + dodecane systems were obtained. The calculated distribution coefficients and separation factors showed that the solubility of 1-methylnaphthalene was the highest in NMP and the selectivity of SUL to 1-methylnaphthalene was the strongest. The effects of solvent structures were investigated by a combination of experiments and quantum chemical calculations. The 1-methylnaphthalene is more soluble in solvents with planar molecular structure because the steric hindrance between the two molecules is smaller, and the group with more electronegative has higher selectivity for 1-methylnaphthalene. Moreover, the reduced density gradient (RDG) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analyzed found that the main extraction mechanism of the three solvents was van der Waals (VDW) and weak hydrogen bond, in which VDW was dominant. Finally, the binary interaction parameters of NRTL and UNIQUAC models were obtained, which make up for the blank in Aspen simulation for the separation of FCC diesel by organic solvents.

We experimentally and theoretically study the coupling between magnons and microwave photons at zero static magnetic field in a system combined by a planar superconducting cavity and a van der Waals antiferromagnetic insulator CrCl3 crystal. Using high-temperature superconductor DyBaCO, we fabricate a planar superconducting cavity with a high-quality factor. The antiferromagnetic resonance of CrCl3 has a finite resonance frequency within a microwave electronics range at zero static magnetic field, and this frequency is sensitive to the temperature. Tuning the temperature to make the antiferromagnetic resonance mode of CrCl3 approaching the cavity mode, we experimentally achieve the coupling between the magnon in CrCl3 and the microwave photon in cavity. An anticrossing feature of the transmission spectra mapping indicates the coupling of magnons and photons at zero static magnetic field. The cooperativity of the hybrid system is 76, indicating a strong coherent information exchange between photons and magnons in CrCl3.

An emerging trend in current creativity research is the cross-cultural comparison of creative potential. However, no studies have addressed the cross-cultural measurement invariance of creativity instruments, which refers to the instrument’s ability to assess the same construct across different cultures. This study investigated the latent structure and the degree of measurement invariance of two divergent thinking (DT) tests (the line meaning test and the real-world problem test) between American (n = 302) and Chinese (n = 316) college students. A two-factor model of the two DT tests was supported in both samples based on either the fluency or originality scores, suggesting variations between different types of DT tests. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that although the assumptions of configural and weak invariance were met for both the fluency and originality indices, the partial strong measurement invariance was marginally satisfied only for the real-world problem fluency across the two cultural groups. Further, latent mean comparison showed similar fluency between American and Chinese college students on the real-world problem test. In contrast, results from the observed mean comparison indicated higher performance of American individuals on the real-world problem fluency and originality; the opposite trend was revealed for both indices on the line meaning test. Overall, the present study demonstrates the importance of examining the equivalence of the measurement instrument before interpreting cross-cultural differences in creativity. Suggestions for future cross-cultural creativity research are provided.