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Helicobacter pylori is the most common gastric bacteria of human beings. Animal-borne helicobacter have been associated with gastritis, ulceration, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma in people. We attempted to identify the species of Helicobacter spp. that infect human beings in north Parana, Brazil. Samples of gastric mucosa from 38 dyspeptic patients were analyzed by optic microscopy on silver stained slides, polimerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzymatic cleavage. Genus and species-specific primers to H. pylori, H. heilmannii, H. felis, and consensual primers to H. bizzozeronii or H. salomonis were used. The PCR products were submitted to enzymatic cleavage by VspI (Helicobacter spp. product) and HinfI (species products) enzymes. Thirty-two out of 38 patients evaluated had 3.2 to 5 µm long bacteria that resembled H. pylori in Warthin-Starry stained slides and were positive to the genus Helicobacter by PCR. In 30 of these patients the bacteria were identified as H. pylori. Two samples positive by silver stain were negative to all species tested by PCR. None of the 38 samples was positive to animal-origin helicobacter species. These results show that PCR and enzymatic restriction are practical methods to identify the species of helicobacters present in gastric mucosa of human beings. People in north Parana appear to be infected mostly with H. pylori.

From the organic extract of a deep-water Hawaiian sponge Dactylospongia sp., a new potent antioxidant and antimicrobial meroterpenoid, puupehenol (1), was isolated. The structure of 1 was determined using spectroscopic techniques ((1)H and (13)C NMR, MS, IR, UV, [α]D). The known compound puupehenone (2) was also isolated and suggested as a probable artifact of the isolation procedures. Complete unambiguous (1)H and (13)C NMR data are provided for compounds 1 and 2. Bioassays performed with 1 and 2 showed them both to be very effective antioxidants and to have antimicrobial properties.

In this review the reported effects of shade levels on the amounts of reputed biologically active potential key chemical markers l -theanine and caffeine, and the four catechin-polyphenols, (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) found in the bud and first two leaves during development of tea ( Camellia sinensis ) grown on a Hawaiian plantation are discussed. Also discussed is the antioxidant activity of the overall extract of the tea leaf bud, and first and second leaves, together with the importance of employing 1 H NMR spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the determination of the validity of reference materials.

Two species of red algae belonging to the genus Plocamium, P. hamatum from Moreton Bay, Queensland, and P. costatum, from Pandalowie Bay, South Australia, were investigated to assess their chemical variation and as potential sources of new halogenated monoterpenes. The hyphenated technique HPLC-UV-MS-SPE-NMR was used to assess the algal extracts and to determine its potential for accelerated identification of halogenated monoterpenes generally. A combination of the hyphenated and traditional chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation and characterization of a total of 10 halogenated monoterpene metabolites, eight of which are reported for the first time. Their structures, including configurations, were determined through interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometric, infrared, and X-ray data. The two species of Plocamium produced different secondary metabolites and contained a significant number of new polyhalogenated monoterpenes. The investigation also showed the hyphenated technique HPLC-UV-MS-SPE-NMR to be useful for preliminary investigation of the chemical content of algal extracts.

Background X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a humoral immunodeficiency caused by disruption of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. Typical XLA patients suffer recurrent and severe bacterial infections in childhood. Methods Flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral monocytes using the anti-BTK antibody was used to characterize a 27 year old male patient with mild hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG, 635 mg/dl; IgM, 11 mg/dl; IgA, Results Flow cytometric analysis of cytoplasmic BTK protein in peripheral monocytes indicated that the patient presents a rare case of adult-onset XLA and that his mother is an XLA carrier. Sequencing of the BTK gene revealed a deletion of AG in the codon for Glu605 (AGT), resulting in an aberrant stop codon that truncates the BTK protein in its kinase domain. Conclusions This case suggests that some XLA cases may remain undiagnosed because they only show mild hypogammaglobulinemia and they lack repeated infections in childhood. Flow cytometric analysis is a powerful method to screen these patients.

To identify the molecular mechanism which primarily plays a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) without prior hypothesis, differential display method was employed to detect differentially expressed genes between the inflamed and uninflamed colonic samples from one patient with CD. The mRNA levels of these genes were subsequently semi-quantitated in affected and unaffected tissues from six patients using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Six genes including long form FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIPL) were found to be consistently overexpressed in the inflamed colonic CD tissues. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that FLIPL expressing cells were lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). The present study suggested that overexpression of FLIPL in the LPLs may be involved in the pathogenesis of CD through defective activation-induced cell death. In addition, this study provided evidence for a possible role of several previously unsuspected genes in the pathogenesis of CD.

The complete nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded RNA genome segments 5 (S5) from Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (BmCPV-1) strains I and H were determined. The segments consisted of 2,852 nucleotides encoding putative proteins of 881 amino acids with molecular masses of approximately 101 kDa (p101). A homology search showed that p101 has high similarity (93%) to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A protease (2Apro) at amino acid position 219 to 235. These findings suggest the possibility that p101 encoded by BmCPV-1 S5 might be cleaved into two non-structural proteins by post-translational autocleavage involving a 2Apro-like protease.

We examined magnetocaloric effects of DyMn 2 Ge 2 , which shows two successive first-order phase transitions at 36 and 40 K. Above 40 K, DyMn 2 Ge 2 shows the metamagnetic transition in an appropriate magnetic field and large magnetocaloric effects were observed. The magnetization measurements for single crystals have revealed that the intermediate state appearing between 36 and 40 K in zero field is essentially the same as the high-field phase, which is induced by a magnetic field of 7 T at 4.2 K. Anomalous field dependence of isothermal magnetic entropy change was observed. We discuss the origin of anomalous entropy change as well as that of large magnetocaloric effects in connection with the magnetic structure of DyMn 2 Ge 2 .

Polarization tunability and analysis of X-rays is one of the most advancing features of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources. In order to apply such developments to the observation of magnetic effects, a diffractometer for X-ray magnetic absorption and scattering experiments was constructed on BL39XU at SPring-8. The efficiency of the apparatus is clearly demonstrated by several observations of the magnetic effects. In particular, a diamond phase plate plays an essential role in regulating both circular and linear polarization states.

Human Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) genes form a clustered gene family on chromosome 1q21-24. Although the association of Fc gamma R polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been extensively studied, the results are often contradictory. In this study, Fc gamma RIIA-131H/R, Fc gamma RIIIA-176F/V and Fc gamma RIIIB-NA1/2 genotypes were determined in the Japanese patients with SLE (n = 81) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 115) as well as in healthy individuals (n = 217), and possible association with the disease was tested using case-control analysis. Unlike in other populations, significant difference was not observed in the frequencies of Fc gamma RIIA and Fc gamma RIIIA genotypes between patients with SLE and healthy individuals. However, significant difference was detected in the frequencies of Fc gamma RIIIB genotypes between SLE and healthy individuals (P = 0.008). The odds ratio [OR] of the Fc gamma RIIIB-NA2/NA2 homozygotes for the development of SLE was 2.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-4.79). Among the patients with SLE, individuals with NA2/2 were significantly more likely to have lupus nephritis (P = 0.007). No association was observed between any of the Fc gamma R polymorphisms and RA. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between Fc gamma RIIIA and IIIB, but neither between IIA and IIIA, nor between IIA and IIIB. These observations may underscore the relevance of defective immune complex handling in the pathogenesis of SLE, or may suggest the presence of primarily associated gene(s) in linkage disequilibrium with Fc gamma R genes.

Multiple genetic as well as environmental factors are considered to be involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A number of previous studies have suggested a possible role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the pathogenesis of SLE. In addition, one of the candidate loci suggested by the genome-wide linkage analysis corresponds to the chromosomal position encompassing the TNF receptor 2 gene (TNFR2). The purpose of this study was to analyze the polymorphism of TNFR2 and its possible association with the susceptibility to SLE, using the case-control association analysis. Polymorphism screening of the exons containing previously reported nonsynonymous base substitutions was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method, using genomic DNA from 81 Japanese patients with SLE and 207 healthy individuals. Two alleles were present in exon 6, coding for methionine (196M) and arginine (196R) at position 196. 30 of 81 patients (37.0%) with SLE were positive for the 196R allele, which was significantly more frequent compared with 39 of 207 healthy individuals (18.8%) (chi2=10.6, df=l, P=0.001, odds ratio=2.53, 95% CI: 1.45-4.43). Genotype analysis revealed that the presence of one 196R allele was sufficient for rendering susceptibility. The association of 196R allele with SLE was independent from that of HLA-DRB1*1501. In conclusion, the TNFR2 196R allele was found to be significantly associated with the susceptibility to SLE in the Japanese population. Further population and functional studies will be of particular importance to establish TNFR2 as one of the susceptibility genes to SLE.

Fault analyses of power systems including superconducting fault current limiters (SCFCLs) point out that accuracy of the trigger current level of an SCFCL should be in a few tens of percents. An SCFCL with an adjustable trigger current level is proposed. A trial SCFCL of this type was designed and made; basic tests on the SCFCL were carried out. Adjustability of the trigger current level of the proposed SCFCL is studied experimentally in this paper.

A superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) of a transformer type with adjustable trigger current level is proposed. A trial SCFCL of this type is designed and made. Basic tests on the SCFCL are carried out. The current limiting impedance of SCFCL of the transformer type is almost determined by an inductance of a primary coil. The trigger current level and recovery characteristics of the SCFCL depends upon the design of a secondary coil. In this paper, recovery characteristics of the proposed SCFCL are studied experimentally. Joule heat in the secondary winding in the current limiting mode is measured. It is pointed out that the resistance of the secondary winding, that is the normal zone length, decreases as the line current decreases. Problems in the design of secondary windings are discussed. It is confirmed that the trial SCFCL recovers successfully from the current limiting mode to the waiting mode in shorter than ten cycles.

In this study, various steps involving hydrogen production from biogas, its storage and transportation, and its marketing as a commodity have been reviewed. Various scenarios have been studied, and design and cost relationships have been developed for feasible alternatives. A case study has been carried out for India, and an economic assessment has been presented. It is found that the hydrogen production cost in industrial centers is 310 Yen GJ−1 and the FOB export cost of liquefied hydrogen to 10 000 km away, to Japan for example, is 1523 Yen GJ−1.

The distributions of As and Ga atoms in an InP/InGaAs/InP hetero-epitaxial layer were investigated on an atomic scale by X-ray CTR (crystal truncation rod) scattering. The relationship between PH 3 -purge time (after the InGaAs layer was constructed) and the distributions of As and Ga atoms was studied. In samples which were designed to have a 1 ML-thick InGaAs layer, Ga atoms were not confined to 1 ML (monolayer). The energy levels of the InGaAs well layers were calculated using the measured As and Ga distributions. In order to compare them with the calculated result, a photoluminescence (PL) measurement was conducted and the measured energy levels agreed well with the calculation.

The purpose of this note is to give the one loop radiative corrections to the top quark pair production in p{bar p} annihilation at the Fermilab Tevatron in the context of the minimal supersymmetric model. We concentrate here on the supersymmetric QCD corrections and give the analytic expression for these corrections. Recently Li {ital et al.} have reported the supersymmetric QCD corrections to this process; we indicate clearly a comparison of their and our work. In particular, we find additional corrections [crossed box and gluon self-energy] at the one loop level which are not given by Li {ital et al.} Our numerical results disagree with the original claim of Li {ital et al.} The numerical values given by them in a recent erratum do agree with the general trend of our numerical results; however, the actual values still disagree. We find that the percentage corrections at the hadronic corrections changes from 22{percent} to {minus}0.5{percent} as the squark mass is changed from 100 GeV to 600 GeV, for a gluino mass of 200 GeV. For a gluino mass of 150 GeV the squark mass dependence is less abrupt; they change from {minus}5.3{percent} to 1{percent} as the squark mass is varied betweenmore » 100 GeV and 600 GeV. We also present numerical results for the differential cross section at the hadronic level, and percentage corrections at the parton level. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less

Objectives The purpose of this study was to elucidate the existence of the experience of and the frequency and severity of related concerns of distressful ethical situations encountered by nursing professionals in organ transplantation. Methods An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 569 nurses in 79 facilities that performed organ transplantation with living or brain-dead donors who provided approval for this study. The questionnaire, developed according to the Likert method, was composed of 12 items referring to the basic attributes of nursing professionals based on the results of previous studies and the scientific literature, as well as 27 items referring to the presence or absence and the frequency and severity of concerns regarding ethical situations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The questionnaire was distributed to 569 nursing professionals working in 79 facilities that had provided consent for study participation. Responses were obtained from 218 participants (recovery rate: 38.3%). Among the 3 highest-ranking items, those in the first and second positions in terms of the presence or absence and the frequency of worries were the same as those in the second and third positions in terms of the severity of concerns. In addition, the 3 lower-ranking items also were the same. Among the ethical situations encountered by nursing professionals, the ones most often experienced that caused the most concern were the following: “I have questioned whether it was better for the recipient, who could not do self-care after the transplant, to undergo transplantation”, and “I have felt that a recipient decided to receive a transplant without considering the importance of posttransplant self-management when making a decision about transplant surgery.” Conclusions The results indicate that most of the ethical issues related to organ transplantation in nursing practice were experienced because recipients, their families, and donors could not foresee the various problems that might occur after transplantation.

The effects of adding and on the chemical vapor deposition of from were studied using a hot‐wall tubular reactor operated at a temperature of 873 K. Without additives, rough films with poor step coverage were obtained. Adding resulted in clear films with good step coverage. However, adding did not improve the quality of the film or the step coverage. Numerical simulations of the gas‐phase elementary reaction kinetics of the reaction system were made for the same conditions as the experiments. The simulations show rapid conversion (i.e., within 0.006s) of into , resulting in high concentrations of , which might form clusters that deposit to form rough films. Numerical simulations, including , and , showed that and reduced the gas‐phase reaction rate and that did not affect it. These numerical results agree with our experimental results and show that simulations of gas‐phase, elementary chemical reactions are sufficiently accurate to reproduce the behavior of some aspects of CVD processes.

This paper deals with the problem of an unbalance vibration of the magnetic bearing system. We design a control system achieving the elimination of the unbalance vibration, using a loop shaping design procedure (LSDP). After the introduction of our experimental setup, a mathematical model of the magnetic bearing is shown. Then, the gain scheduled H/sub /spl infin// robust controllers with free parameters are designed, based on the LSDP, so as to asymptotically reject the disturbances caused by unbalance on the rotor, even if the rotational speed of the rotor varies. Finally, several simulation results and experimental results show the effectiveness of this proposed methodology.

Fabrication of small gold bumps (20∼100 μm in size) on silicon substrates were investigated using gold sulfite plating. To improve the stability of the gold sulfite plating bath, the behavior of the decomposition procedures and evaluation of the stabilizer were also studied. It was confirmed that Au metal and Au 3+ ions were produced in the decomposed plating solution. The most effective stabilizer was 2,2'-bipyridine. This greatly improved the stability of the bath. The gold sulfite electrolyte did not attack the photoresist, and straight-walled bumps with 20 μm in pitch and 20 μm in height can be obtained

Behavior of carbon (C) doping in a (1-101)AlGaN has been investigated by grazing incidence FTIR analyses at room temperature. The sample was grown by MOVPE on (1-101)facets of GaN triangular stripes made on (111)Si substrate. Intentional C doping was performed by introducing C 2 H 2 into the reactor during the growth. In the FTIR spectra, a C related LVM mode was found out at 950 cm -1 which was associated with A 1 (LO) mode of AlN at 890cm-1. The behavior was similar to the results found in an un-intentionally Al d oped GaN sample. Linear chain model with an effective mass gives the LVM energy of Al-C bond at 930 cm -1 , a little lower than the experimental observation. The C doping on the N site might be performed forming a complex with additional elements. Keywords: GaN, FTIR, MOVPE, Semipolar face, Select ive eitaxy, carbon doping, Si substrate *sawaki@aitech.ac.jp; phone 81 565 48 8121; fax 81 565 48 0010 + Present address, Kitagawa Industri es Co. Ltd., Inazawa 492-8466, Japan

The Linear Proportional Solenoid (LPS) is an actuator for a proportional control valve used in hydraulic pressure-control devices. The LPS has the basic characteristics that the thrust must be constant in the designated displacement range and must also increase in proportion to the exciting current. This paper deals with the effect of using dither to remove hysteresis phenomena, and numerical solutions of the thrust, F, the displacement, x, Which are characteristics of the LPS. Dither is a useful oscillation of small amplitude, introduced to overcome the effect of hysteresis. When dither is applied, the maximum hysteresis of the thrust is decreased from 6% to 3%. The LPS consists of four different magnetic materials, and its F-x characteristic was calculated by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The calculated value of the F-x characteristics approximates the measured value within an error of 2%. A new proposal for the LPS, Which will give it a wider range of thrust constant, is also described in this paper.

A linear proportional solenoid (LPS) is an actuator for a proportional control valve used in hydraulic pressure-control devices. The LPS has the characteristics that the thrust must be constant in the designated range of displacement, and that it must be in proportion to the current. This paper deals with the simulation of the thrust-displacement characteristics of the LPS by means of FEM, with the aim of improving the thrust. In model P, where permendur of high-flux-density material was used for the stator and the mover in the LPS, the maximum thrust increased from 27 to 40 newtons. The range of constant thrust, however, decreased from 1.0 to 0.5 millimeters. In model S, where permendur was used for the stator and the mover, and the salient pole of the stator in the LPS was modified, the range of constant thrust was the same as in the present model. Moreover, the static thrust in the range of constant thrust increased from 27 to 38 newtons.

[The American lobster was cultured experimentally at Hayama, in seawater controlled between 16° and 20°C to investigate the advantages of utilizing warm waste water from a power station. The survival rate was improved by using an open (flow-through) rearing system where the lobsters were reared under dark conditions and seawater was disinfected by ultraviolet light. Bacterial number was reduced from 3.4-37.5 x 103 to 0.7-4.3 × 103 CFU/ml by ultraviolet treatment. The rearing results were compared with those obtained at Sanriku, using ambient seawater between 10° and 20°C. Growth rate was faster at Hayama than at Sanriku. With these rearing conditions at Hayama, the lobsters might be raised to marketable size within 3 years., The American lobster was cultured experimentally at Hayama, in seawater controlled between 16° and 20°C to investigate the advantages of utilizing warm waste water from a power station. The survival rate was improved by using an open (flow-through) rearing system where the lobsters were reared under dark conditions and seawater was disinfected by ultraviolet light. Bacterial number was reduced from 3.4-37.5 x 103 to 0.7-4.3 × 103 CFU/ml by ultraviolet treatment. The rearing results were compared with those obtained at Sanriku, using ambient seawater between 10° and 20°C. Growth rate was faster at Hayama than at Sanriku. With these rearing conditions at Hayama, the lobsters might be raised to marketable size within 3 years.]

Novel strong interactions in the electroweak bosonic sector are expected to induce effective interactions between the Higgs doublet field and the electroweak gauge bosons which lead to anomalous $\mathrm{WWZ}$ and $\mathrm{WW}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ vertices once the Higgs field acquires a vacuum expectation value. Using a linear realization of the Goldstone bosons, we consider a complete set of dimension-six operators which are SU(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1) gauge invariant and conserve $C$ and $P$. This approach allows us to study effects of new physics which originates above 1 TeV and the Higgs boson mass dependence of the results can be investigated. Four of the dimension-six operators affect low energy and present CERN LEP experiments at the tree level. Another five influence neutral and charged current experiments at the one-loop level and three of these lead to anomalous $\mathrm{WWZ}$ and $\mathrm{WW}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ vertices. Their loop contributions are at most logarithmically divergent, and these logarithmic divergences can be understood as renormalizations of the four operators which contribute at the tree level. Constraints on the remaining five operators can be obtained if one assumes the absence of cancellations between the tree level and one-loop contributions. The resulting bounds on anomalous triple gauge boson couplins are modest, which emphasizes the importance of direct measurements of the triple gauge boson vertices, e.g., in ${W}^{+}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production at LEP II.

We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human serum mannose binding protein (MBP), an animal lectin known to function as opsonin and complement activator. A total of 1085 normal Japanese sera from individuals ranging in age from 3 to 100 years old and additional body fluids were measured for the MBP level. Individual serum MBP levels ranged from 0.07 to 6.40 micrograms/ml with a frequency distribution profile of the log-normal type. Arithmetic mean +/- standard deviation (M +/- SD) of serum MBP as a whole was 1.72 +/- 1.15 micrograms/ml, whereas those of cerebrospinal fluid and urine were 1/100 and 1/1000 of serum levels, respectively. When the M +/- SD of serum MBP was calculated for each age group (10-year intervals) and compared, the value declined from age group of 3-9 years old (2.42 +/- 1.31 micrograms/ml) to that of 20-29 years old (1.72 +/- 1.03 micrograms/ml), and thereafter it remained almost constant. Comparing the frequency distribution profile among each group, that of young group revealed a distinct bimodal pattern, one peak at around 1 micrograms/ml and the other at 3 micrograms/ml. The latter peak was gradually depressed with advance of age and finally a typical log-normal type appeared after the age of 30. There was a high age dependency in serum MBP level as well as in distribution profile. It should be stressed that care should be taken with age in the evaluation of MBP level.

The line between Takasaki and Naoetu which belonged to the old Imperial Japanese Railways, and the line between Naoetu and Niigata which belonged to the old Hokuetu Railway Company were laid in Meiji Era to link Kanto areas with Japan Sea coast. After Hokuetu Railway Company was bought by the government, these lines were designated collectively as a Shin-etsu line. This report describes the history and present state of railway tunnels, taking an example of Shin-etsu line based on field surveys and historical records. There was on this line some 26 tunnels constructed with Abt track to climb the steep section between Yokogawa and Karuizawa at over Usui Pass. The tunnels between Nagano and Naoetu were constructed in the early stage of tunnel work in Japan, and the tunnels between Naoetu and Niigata were constructed by private railways.Through investigations of these tunnels, it has made been clear that the original tunnels were abandoned for reconstruction to be electrified and double-tracked, but most of them have remained in original forms, as a valuable heritage from the Meiji Era.

Fabrication of small gold bumps (20∼100 μm in size) on silicon substrates were investigated using gold sulfite plating. To improve the stability of the gold sulfite plating bath, the behavior of the decomposition procedures and evaluation of the stabilizer were also studied. It was confirmed that Au metal and Au 3+ ions were produced in the decomposed plating solution. The most effective stabilizer was 2,2'-bipyridine. This greatly improved the stability of the bath. The gold sulfite electrolyte did not attack the photoresist, and straight-walled bumps with 20 μm in pitch and 20 μm in height can be obtained

A single basin biological denitrification system with alternative aeration is an excellent system which consists of simple components and performs flexible operation. Usually indirect parameters such as DO or ORP etc. have been used to control denitrification reactors. The authors tried to monitor NH4-N in a reactor by using a newly developed automated analyzer combined with UF sampler. Then the authors tried to control the operation of a denitrification reactor by using fuzzy inference. The fuzzy control system infers a suitable condition from multi variables (NH4-N, DO, ORP and pH) obtained in an actual process. The direct ammonium control system using fuzzy inference performed quick response and high nitrogen removal with stability and easy maintenance.

A large number of W bosons can be produced in high energy e + e − linear colliders through the subprocess γ + e → W + v , with the photons generated by back-scattering of laser light. We have explored to which extent this process can be exploited to produce Higgs bosons through emission from the W line: γ + e → W + H + v . For very high energies, photoproduction of Higgs bosons on a W-boson target, γ + W → W + H , is the dominant fundamental subprocess.

We study consequences of the one-loop Zgg vertex, which arises from the large mass splitting between the top and the bottom quarks. in the hadronic Z production at high transverse momentum. The vertex is found to affect significantly the three T-odd angular asymmetries of the decaying leptons, where all the asymmetries should decrease in magnitude above the top quark pair production threshold. The effect is, however, found to be at most at the level of a few percent at Tevatron energies. Advantages of detecting the asymmetries in the Z → b b / c c modes are briefly discussed.

Urgent pump conversion during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) results in high morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively evaluated if the peri-operative integrated strategy prevents this lethal event in our 400 consecutive OPCAB operations. The patients with preoperative cardiogenic shock and/or ventricular arrhythmias underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). All other patients (99% of total CABG) were scheduled to undergo OPCAB (n=400). Prophylactic intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) was applied to the patients with critical (95%) left main trunk stenosis or low (0.35) left ventricular ejection fraction. All the patients received the deep pericardial suture, apex-traction device, suction-type stabilizer, test-clamp of target coronary arteries by micro bulldog clamp, and intra-coronary shunts. Intra-operative IABP was applied in the case of sustained ST-segment change and/or elevated pulmonary artery pressure. Pump conversion was indicated for the patients with ventricular fibrillation and/or cardiogenic shock. Two patients (0.5%) had pump conversion due to ventricular arrhythmia and sustained hypotension, respectively. These pump conversion did not result in hospital mortality. Three hospital deaths (0.7%) occurred due to non-cardiac causes. The integrated strategy using prophylactic or intra-operative IABP in OPCAB produce a low pump conversion rate even during an early period of surgeon's learning curve.

We present exact tree level matrix elements for all the single weak boson production processes to order e3 in very high energy e+e− collisions; e + e − → e ± v (−) c W ∓ , e + e − Z , v c v c Z and γγZ. The electron mass is kept finite so that the differential and total cross sections are accurate up to terms of order me2/s. The weak boson distributions are compared with those obtained by the equivalent photon/electron approximation (EPA), which works reasonably well at high vector boson transverse momenta but fails at small transverse momenta for the processes e+e−→ e+e−Z and γγZ. A simple modification of the EPA formulae is found to give a reasonable overall description of the distributions for all the single weak boson production processes. Electron helicity-flip amplitudes are found to contribute at the percent level at most, which can be reproduced accurately by a novel collinear approximation with equivalent real photon or electron distributions in an electron. Interference effects between the annihilation and non-annihilation diagrams are found to be significant only below the weak boson pair production threshold. Also explained is a straightforward method to incorporate the leptonic and parton level hadronic decays of the weak bosons into the production amplitudes.

Bile salts present in gallbladder of wild and cultured red seabream, Pagrosomus major, a marine teleost were analyzed. The bile from wild red seabream was found to contain two previously unknown bile salts along with two known bile salts, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate. Isolation of each bile salt was performed by column chromatography. Fast atom bombardment mass spectra of the unknown bile salts showed the molecular ions (M-H)- of m/z 544 and 528 which are shifted 30 mass units upfield compared to those (m/z 514 and 498) of taurocholate and taurochendeoxycholate, respectively; this is consistent with the presence of cysteinolic acid (mol wt 155) instead of taurine (mol wt 125). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the bile salts released cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, respectively, and an amino acid that was identified as D-cysteinolic acid by direct comparison with an authentic sample. From these results, the bile salts in the bile of wild red seabream were identified as the conjugates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid with cysteinolic acid. 1H- and 13C-magnetic resonance spectra of the bile salts were also consistent with the proposed structure. The cysteinolic acid conjugates were found only in wild and not in cultured red seabream; this distinction seems to result from differences in dietary cysteinolic acid.

We calculate the cross section for J/ψ production from gluon jets at LEP via the mechanisms g→ψgg, g→χ c g and g→b b →ψX. We predict about 230 such J/ψ events for 10 6 hadronic decays of the Z, and we show the resulting J/ψ energy and angular distributions.

Contributions of nonstandard {ital WW}{gamma} couplings to the four electromagnetic form factors of light quarks and leptons, magnetic and electric dipole moments, anapole moments, and charge radii, have been reevaluated, with a special emphasis on the effects of the locally SU(2){sub weak}-invariant nonrenormalizable couplings {lambda} and {tilde {lambda}}. Previous results for the contribution of the dimension-four anomalous couplings {Delta}{kappa} and {tilde {kappa}} are reproduced. The {lambda} contribution to the charge radius and the anapole moments are found to be logarithmically sensitive to the cutoff scale ({Lambda}), but the contribution of the {lambda} coupling to the anomalous magnetic moments as well as that of the {tilde {lambda}} coupling to the electric dipole moments are found to be finite. These finite values are, however, found to be regularization-scheme dependent. The origin of the ambiguities is discussed and we argue that the numerical coefficients depend on the details of the underlying physics that gives rise to these nonstandard couplings. Banning an accidental cancellation, we can place an order-of-magnitude upper bound {vert bar}{tilde {lambda}}{vert bar}{approx lt}10{sup {minus}4} from the experimental limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron. Some definite predictions for the off-shell form factors are also presented.

Fine structures were observed in the tunneling conductance of a sintered Bi 2223-SnO2 junction. The structures are weaker than those of a single crystalline Bi2212. They correspond to the Raman spectrum of Bi2223 and approximately to the phonon density of states of Bi2212. The structures must therefore be phonon structures, and phonons may contribute substantially to highTc superconductivity. Multiphonon structures are scarcely discernible. Hence we propose a new model, in place of the prior multiphonon model, to explain the rapid increase inTc with the CuO2 layer number. 2Δ (21 K)=68±4 meV inTc=98±5 K. 2Δ (0)/kBTc is 8.1±0.9. The temperature dependence of the gap was also observed and discussed.

SEMA3B, a member of class 3 semaphorins, is a tumor suppressor. Competition with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165 explains a portion of the activity, whereas the VEGF-independent mechanism was not elucidated. We employed a microarray and screened for the genes whose expression was increased by SEMA3B in NCI-H1299 cells. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6), a tumor suppressor, showed greatest difference in the expression level. Introduction of IGFBP-6 cDNA reduced colony formation both on the dish surface and in soft agar. Insulin-like growth factor II, which antagonizes IGFBP-6, partly abrogated the effect. Inhibition of IGFBP-6 by small interfering RNA diminished the sub-G0/G1 population that was induced by SEMA3B and abrogated the growth suppressive effect of SEMA3B. We concluded that IGFBP-6 is the effector of tumor suppressor activity of SEMA3B in NCI-H1299 cells. It has been reported that beta-catenin suppresses the expression of IGFBP-6. Introduction of beta-catenin into the cells partly abrogated the growth suppressive effect of SEMA3B. Our result indicates that semaphorin signaling and beta-catenin signaling converge on IGFBP-6 and antithetically affect their functions.

Mass levels and widths of very heavy quarkonia and similar onium resonances of squarks, color octet and sextet constituents are studied in the mass range of 50 to 1000 GeV. The heavy quark potential with QCD two-loop improved short-distance behavior that gives a good description of the charmonium and bottomonium spectra is used, and the results are given for several values of the QCD scale parameter Λ MS (4) in the range between 0.1 and 0.4 GeV. We present parametrizations for the first ten S-wave quarkonium resonances, which are relevant if the top quark is relatively light (mt≲125 GeV) or if a heavy fourth-generation quark with suppressed weak decay rates exists. We also discuss the onset of coulombic behavior and the possible effects of Higgs boson exchange on superheavy quarkonia.