Search

B Ragnar Van der Merwe b focuses on a key feature of William Whewell's philosophy of science in order to contribute to a contemporary debated issue. Guzzardi attempts especially to show that it was Mach's inclination towards experimental research that may have had crucially contributed to the development of his epistemological and ontological views, and not the contrary, as has been often argued in the scholarly literature. In fact, as Guzzardi aptly argues, Mach's early experimental work was largely independent from any kind of ontological commitment, and it is only at a later stage - on the basis of the collected results - that Mach elaborates some epistemological considerations. [Extracted from the article]

This paper has a twofold aim. On the one hand, it explores the extent to which Mach was inspired by Kant's approach to philosophical inquiry and tried to further elaborate it through his historico-critical method for enlightening scientific knowledge claims. On the other hand, it argues that the focus on the situated character of these claims that is implied in Mach's epistemology makes it possible to compare his view to recent attempts to defend a perspectival realist account of scientific knowledge, thus revealing the relevance of Mach's own approach as a methodology in the philosophy of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the interaction of ideas of Modern Western philosophy, including Polish philosophy, and Ukrainian philosophy in Eastern Galicia in the late eighteenth century through the early twentieth century. The authors argue that during this period the methodological foundations of Ukrainian philosophy and its history, both in periodization, and the development of philosophical terminology, were intensively elaborated. This is proved by the analyzing works of such Galician thinkers and cultural figures as Klym Hankevych and Ilarion Svientsits'kyi. Both were able to involve Ukrainian philosophy in Central-Eastern philosophical discourse. Such an involvement was fruitful because it contributed to the development of Ukrainian philosophy and its methodology for both historic-philosophical researches and the formation of philosophical terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We view philosophy as paradigm setting: largely, spread over leading sciences of the epoch, as well as the main developing technologies, and even socio-economic and managerial patterns. This is, obviously, a "regulatory definition," not quite a descriptive one. We examine whether it is the science of sciences, or the science over the sciences. Thus, it is not quite a meta-science. Our point is not to view philosophy as a methodology of science, or as its maid (ancilla). Philosophy is viewed as the pinnacle of the sciences, providing them with ontological and axiological meanings. Here is one proposed definition: Philosophy is built upon the sum of general theories of all leading sciences (broadly understood); it is a theory based on this sum. The aim of philosophy so defined is to stipulate and approximate veridical worldviews, rooted in the strongest available background, which is largely the background provided by the sciences, but not quite limited to what is scientifically provable at a given point in time--this last clause is due to temporary limitedness of any science, always existing at a given time-slice. Thus, limited dependency on any principles, not only factual statements. As we know from Albert Einstein's relativity theories and other scientific revolutions, both factual statements and higher-level principles, are always already inductively questionable, e.g., through inference to the best explanation following pragmatic, context dependent, criteria of what counts as "the best" of explanations. We also question the intuitive requirements of physicalism that are crucial to Daniel Stoljar's thesis that physicalism cannot be properly defined. In contrast to the broadly scientistic predilection beneath the approach in the main bulk of this article we also need and require a philosophical focus on the human existential condition, which is complementary to, and not contradictory with, the above definition of philosophy. The proposed approach may be viewed as an Enlightenment approach, aware of its strengths and limits; thus, with a post-Enlightenment zing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the contents of the syllabuses of scientific research methods and equivalent courses in International Relations (IR) graduate programs in Türkiye. The study aims at analyzing what the subjects in the syllabus are and which subjects are taught. To display the distributions, two categories were determined under the theme of methodology and method. The first is the "meaning of science, philosophy of science and methodology" category, which represents the more philosophical and theoretical dimension, and the second is the "research methods" category, which represents the more technical dimension. Among 133 graduate programs, 141 syllabuses were scanned, and 68 syllabuses were examined. The research was designed according to the case study within the qualitative research approach. The data collection method of the study is document analysis. The data analysis method is content analysis. According to the findings, it was observed that there was a concentration on the "research methods" category at a rate of 81% and the category of "meaning of science, philosophy of science and methodology" at a rate of 19%. It was seen that the subjects of data collection methods, research designs, and data analysis methods were mostly covered in the category of "research methods". The mixed research approach is almost non-existent in the syllabuses. It was determined that there is a concentration on the meaning of science and positivism within the category of the meaning of science, philosophy of science and methodology. Critical realism, anti-positivism, and pragmatism are among the least covered subjects. As a result, it showed that the syllabuses were not up-to-date, and the philosophical and theoretical part of the method was not discussed in depth in the lessons. In the study, a syllabus for research method courses was presented. This syllabus proposal is considered to be a guide for bringing method courses up-to-date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two-phase flow uniformity in the Flow Field Plate (FFP) is significant to the performance and durability of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which is a scarce aspect in the existing studies to our knowledge. The objective of this work is to examine and optimize the gas-liquid two-phase flow distribution. A Coefficient of Variation (CV), defined as the ratio between the velocity standard deviation and the mean velocity of all channels, is utilized to quantitatively represent flow uniformity. Firstly, a three-dimensional two-phase Mixture model of the FFP with an active area of 257.4 cm2 is constructed. The conventional "two-in-one" transition zone is revisited, and the effects of liquid water on flow uniformity are explored. The introduction of liquid water results in a different flow distribution compared to the single-phase flow, leading to reduced flow uniformity. Secondly, a novel spider-web-like transition zone is proposed to improve two-phase flow uniformity. The design philosophy and methodology are elucidated. The CV is reduced by 57.62 %. Thirdly, the superior impacts of the novel design on flow uniformity and cell performance are validated via a three-dimensional two-phase full-scale model of PEM fuel cells. The current density is enhanced from 1.270 A/cm2 to 1.306 A/cm2. • Two-phase flow distribution in large-scale PEM fuel cells is examined. • The effects of liquid water on flow uniformity are revealed. • A spider-web-like transition zone is proposed, which reduces the CV by 57.62 %. • The superior impacts are validated via a full-scale model of PEM fuel cells. • The current density is enhanced from 1.270 A/cm2 to 1.306 A/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article celebrates the 70th anniversary of Kadzhik M. Oganyan, highlighting his significant contributions to the scientific community as a renowned Armenian scientist. Topics include Oganyan's prolific career, achievements in philosophy and social technologies, his impact on education, and personal reflections on his generous and objective approach in guiding students and providing constructive scientific criticism.

The essay reports on the author’s attempts to demonstrate similarities between prima facie divergent thinkers. Objections to this attempt have often concerned the question of the “superficiality” of the similarities noted. The paper examines these objections and proposes an understanding of the relevant concept of superficiality as a consequence of what Alan Nelson called “systematic interpretation”. Subsequently, Nelson’s view is challenged, and thus a space is opened up for a history of philosophy focused more on the similarities between different thinkers than on the supposed uniqueness and incomparability of their thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is part of the doctoral research entitled Estudio de Pertinencia de los Programas de Formación y Ejercicio Profesional de los Criminólogos en Nuevo León, developed at the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, with funding from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) in Mexico. This article highlights the importance of scientific research in the areas of criminology and criminalistics and points out four pending areas of development: epistemology and methodology; criminological philosophy; scientific research; and teaching. In Mexico, the organization in charge of guiding scientific and technological activity is CONACYT, of which several areas in which it is linked to criminology and scientific research are presented here. It also shows the process of involvement in the training in science and methodology to be incorporated into the exercise of research and development of knowledge, through quality postgraduate studies. Finally, criminologists in Mexico who are distinguished by the national government as researchers are listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to change swimming styles and body positions, involving continuous shifting from horizontal to vertical posture and performing jumps, as well as technical skills play a fundamental role in water polo performance. To face with these demands, the coaching staff of elite and sub-elite water polo clubs might adopt a variety of training methods, also based on their specific coaching philosophies. This point has led to an enlargement of the staff, with higher head coaches' responsibilities, who may interpret their professional activity according to their own coaching philosophy, education, and their respective national water polo schools. In fact, based on their international sports achievements, some countries can be identified as recognised water polo national schools. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to survey 40 head coaches of three important national water polo schools (Italy, Greece, and Serbia) to identify and compare their coaching philosophies and training methodologies. The survey was based on five sections (Technical staff composition, Team roster, Weekly periodization, Testing and monitoring, Tactics and strategies). Furthermore, using a detailed descriptive statistic, the current study gives interesting information on how 40 high-ranking elite and sub-elite teams of different national championships organize their training during a typical week of the competitive season. A further improvement of this research line could include more national schools, expanding the sample to more countries from all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an examination of Bochenski's conception of an acceptable methodology for research in philosophy. Generally methodology refers to the building of scientific knowledge, methods are the how for building knowledge. it is the how, why method we have elected to reflect on the method of doing philosophy. This reflection proceeds from a preliminary discourse on the various methods that have been deployed in doing philosophy in the past to a discourse on the lessons from Josef Maria Bochenski's thought. The paper, found out that such methods as the phenomenological method, the analytical method, the dialectical method, the hermeneutical method amongst others have been used in doing philosophy, past and present. We have argued in this paper that while it is true that real progress in philosophy can only be guaranteed by an adequate method that is grounded in logic and semantics, there is no single universally accepted method of doing philosophy. However, the conclusion that is reached in this paper, drawing from a reflection on Bochenski's thought and insights from an intercultural perspective is that, an authentic philosophical method that rest on the phenomenological analysis and proceeds through analysis. Finally, whichever method one elects to use in doing philosophy, it must be guided by logic, and it must be complementary and not confrontational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does lying require a speaker to explicitly express something (she believes to be) false, or is it also possible to lie with deceptive implicatures? Given that consistency with ordinary language is a desideratum of any philosophical definition of lying, several studies have addressed this question empirically in recent years. Their findings, however, seem to be in conflict. This paper reports an experiment with 222 participants that investigates the hypothesis that these conflicting results are due to variation regarding whether or not the speaker's intention to deceive and the implicated content are made explicit. It is found that the presence versus the absence of such explicitness has a strong impact on people's lie judgements, and can thus account for the conflicting results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we contest the idea that evil does not exist, or that it is a mistaken grasp of reality to contend that evil exists. We analyze two versions of this argument: the 'orchestra argument' and the 'mystical argument.' In common, these arguments contend that those who affirm the existence of evil in the world have a limited view of reality. We argue that these views are either over-abstract from reality or do not offer a plausible approach to the problem of evil. We then advance a decolonial perspective on evil. According to the perspective advanced here, evil is conceptualized as a phenomenon that diminishes life. We contend this view provides a better account of how to understand evil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than 20 years, Edward H. Allen served as Chief Scientist of Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs ('the Skunk Works') and then as Chief Scientist for the Lockheed Martin Corporation as a whole. He established nearly a hundred external and internal scientific research programs for Lockheed Martin and other sponsors, investing in quantum information sciences at universities and research laboratories worldwide, and most of those programs are still going on. Born in 1943, his formal education spans mathematics, physical and social sciences, and the law at the Universities of Chicago (Chicago, IL), Stanford (Stanford, CA), Swarthmore (Swarthmore, PA), Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA), and New Hampshire Law (Concord, NH). His work continues under the auspices of Alcority LLC (Dallas, TX), which manages an international collaboration he leads. Here, he recounts his intellectual development in scientific methodology and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ekstasis: Revista de Hermenêutica e Fenomenologia is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In economic theory, methodology and philosophy, general theory-special case relationships are rarely investigated. In 1936, Keynes challenged orthodoxy with the claim that his general theory embraced orthodoxy as a special case. Orthodoxy counter-claimed that its theory was the only general theory within which Keynes's could only be a special case. This paper explores the important issues behind the dispute in three parts. Part A examines the conceptual and methodological foundations of the opposing claims, finding that each side deploys a different model of these relationships. Part B explores all of Keynes's theoretical works and finds that his 1936 model underpins all his theoretical work in philosophy and economics. Part C concludes with methodological reflections on the conceptual foundations of the dispute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the dispute between Burge and McDowell over methodology in the philosophy of perception. Burge (2005 , 2011) has argued that the disjunctivism posited by naive perceptual realists is incompatible with the results of current perceptual science, while McDowell (2010 , 2013) defends his disjunctivism by claiming an autonomous field of enquiry for perceptual epistemology, one that does not employ the classificatory schemes of the science. Here it is argued that the crucial point at issue in the dispute is Burge's acceptance, and McDowell's rejection, of the 'Cartesian idealization' of mind as a self-contained system. Burge's case against disjunctivism rests on the assumption of a clearly demarcated boundary between mind and world, a picture of the mind that McDowell's philosophy reacts against. This boundary is required for scientific, causal explanations of perceptual processing because it is a simplifying assumption that helps present scientists with a clearly demarcated object of investigation. Concurring with McDowell, I conclude that philosophers need not carve up their objects of investigation in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that non-ideal theory is distinctive in its use of a certain methodology which is prior to specific topics (such as injustice, oppression, etc.), grounded in the idea of socially situated knowledge, and able to address ideological situatedness. Drawing on standpoint epistemology, we show that one's social position within given power structures has implications for knowledge acquisition and that being in a vulnerable or marginalised position can be advantageous to knowledge acquisition. Following ideology critique, we argue that both marginalised and powerful social positions are embedded within a given ideology. As ideology is more than a mere set of attitudes or beliefs that social agents endorse or resist, situated agents and theorists cannot develop normative criteria that are not themselves situated. Hence, non-ideal theory has to be equipped with methods that are likely to make this situatedness visible. We close by presenting some diverse methods that already do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I put Erin Manning’s philosophical project into conversation with gender theory and consider possibilities regarding what it means to theorize masculinities in educational research methodology. To do this, I first speak to the urgency for reconceptualizing masculinities in education, outline how educational researchers have previously theorized the field, and problematize previous work that theorized masculinity as a relatively stable and monolithic identity marker. Following this, I consider what Manning’s process philosophy might offer educational researchers in the field of masculinities. In thinking with masculinities, the ongoing and lived experiences of gender, and Manning, I offer “fractured masculinities,” which theorizes masculinities as multiple, mobile, relational, contextual, intersectional, and fractured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Taiwanese Journal of Political Science is the property of NTU Press & National Taiwan University, Department of Political Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to explore whether and how the concept of dual-use can be applied to philosophical research, as well as its potential for explaining cases of misuse of philosophical theory and for justifying any restrictions on academic freedom. I argue that there are two ways in which philosophical research can be misused: by using its methods for purposes that contradict the general purposes of philosophy, and by using (parts of) a theory against the purposes intended by its author. Philosophical research is dual-use research of concern (DURC) if the theory can be misused without modification, which is the case when a theory is not entirely conclusive. The misuse of philosophical research differs from the misuse in paradigmatic cases of DURC in that its potential to cause harm depends on social conditions. Given these conditions and the lack of relevant research, the risk of harmful misuse of philosophy as of yet does not constitute a sufficient reason to restrict academic freedom in a meaningful way. Instead, researchers should be aware of any potential for misuse, make their arguments as conclusive as possible, and emphasise the aim of their theory. To prevent harmful misuse in the public sphere, scholars should engage in public philosophy and provide an accurate and conclusive account of their research. Institutions should support this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic cables are usually designed to present a complex layout to improve service life and safety in commercial scale floating applications. It is urgent to establish consistent design philosophy and analysis methodologies to provide cost-efficient design requirement. A stepwise scheme for the optimization implementation of lazy wave dynamic cables is proposed and performed with a mass-damping equivalence model. A complicated multi-objective optimal procedure is implemented progressively under hydrostatic state, regular wave state and stochastic sea state. It is validated through a lazy wave dynamic cable (LWDC) from a cylindrical FPSO system under extreme conditions. Stepwise upgraded calibrations based on the coupling of multi-objective optimization modular NSGA-II and lumped mass FEM are applied to assess every sub-objective in defined steps. It is shown that the result is far beyond expectation than initial design after the application of the progressive solution system. • A stepwise scheme for the optimization of lazy wave dynamic cable is proposed. • A mass-damping equivalence model is applied. • A multi-objective optimization is implemented under stochastic dynamic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re-examines the dispute concerning Hobbes's religious beliefs in light of his natural philosophy. First, I argue that atheistic readings of Hobbes can be more plausibly defended provided interpreters make use of a methodological unity thesis. Second, I suggest that theistic readers of Hobbes have good reason to favor the autonomy thesis. I conclude by highlighting how a re-examination of the theism dispute motivates reconsideration of the role of Hobbes's natural philosophy and scientific methodology vis à vis politics. Maintaining the unity thesis as a methodological device can shed important light on the politics and methods of Leviathan. More importantly, this analysis motivates consideration of De Corpore in any serious study of Hobbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of the methodology of African philosophy can be divided into two periods: the nascent stage that's characterized by a rigor-demand, and the contemporary stage that's characterized by a relevance-demand. In this, paper, I argue for one way to strike the appropriate balance between relevance and rigor in African philosophy. Specifically, I argue that the unconscious rejection of conceptual analysis as a philosophical method by contemporary African philosophers played a major role in how African philosophy came to be characterized by a relevance-demand. Consequently, I submit that even though being only or excessively relevance-oriented is not bad, African philosophy would become rich enough to compete with other regional philosophies—Western, Chinese, and so on—if it re-installs conceptual analysis as part of its methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Fátima Caropreso b graduated in Psychology, with an M.A. in Philosophy and Methodology of Science and a Ph.D. in Philosophy. He was awarded a M.A. in Philosophy and Methodology of Science from the Federal University of São Carlos (Brazil) and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the State University of São Paulo (Brazil). He was Professor of History and Philosophy of Psychoanalysis in the Department of Philosophy and Methodology of Science at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil until 2012 and is currently Professor of History and Philosophy of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. [Extracted from the article]

This review examines scholarship in key nonprofit journals over four decades. Its purpose is to (a) analyze the extent, nature, and contribution of critical nonprofit scholarship and its trajectory over time and (b) call on scholars, research institutions, and journals in the field to engage the kinds of insights these increasingly marginalized approaches bring, providing space for them to join, challenge, and shape the research conversation. Findings show only 4% of articles published within the period examined adopt critical approaches, with great variability in the ways articles exemplify core tenets of critical scholarship, and a general dampening of critical work over time. This conservatism may result from the rejection of less understood philosophies and methodologies of critical inquiry in favor of more mainstream (positivistic) models of social science. Our primary contribution is to advance a typology explicating the pluralism inherent in critical approaches to nonprofit studies, and their strengths and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key concepts and resources within Kalabari-Ijo philosophy that the author focuses on in this book are the notions of destiny (telos of a person or a group, I fiyeteboye i ), time ( I saki i ) and human flourishing ( I ibi-eri i , I lolo i ). Nimi Wariboko has written an insightful, ambitious, intriguing and remarkable book about the resources within Kalabari-Ijo philosophy embedded in African Traditional Religion (ATR) that are capable of creating economic development for Nigeria and by extension Africa. Wariboko makes a bold assertion that he will depart from the more conventional narrative of all authentic African social ethics by rejecting an essentially social-constructionist account of pre-colonial African social ethics being about communitarianism. [Extracted from the article]

This article analyses the three axes of the debate between Antonio Diéguez Lucena and Francisco José Soler Gil that occurred some years ago: i) mental causation and its possible explanation in a naturalistic key, ii) the merits and explanatory limits of a possible theistic alternative, and iii) the convenience of a naturalistic methodology in philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Such interpretive act involves the interaction of at least two cultures in global circumstances, manifested in two modes of interpreting, the intercultural and the transcultural, with "the former referring to concrete interactions between different cultures and their various elements, and the latter when referring to the goal and results of such interactions, that is, to see oneself in the other." Rosker argues that the solution is to reject the strategy of mitigating the inferiority of Chinese philosophy by renaming it as Chinese wisdom, sinosophy or even Chinese philosophical discourse. Interpreting Chinese Philosophy: A New Methodology, written by Jana S. Rosker. [Extracted from the article]

The article deals with the new philosophical interpretation of the structural organization and development of language as a synergetic system. Consideration of language as a complex open non-linear fluctuating system, which functions and develops according to synergetic principles, promotes the formation of a new transdisciplinary science - synergetic linguistics. The formation and development of the new branch of applied linguistics depends on the study of various lingual phenomena from the standpoint of synergetic philosophy and methodology. The use of synergetic methodology for language studies proves the appropriateness of so-called "non-systemic", "irregular", "transitional" lingual phenomena and processes, proves the necessity of their existence in a functioning language, determines mechanisms of language supersystem self-organization, provides opportunities for determining the trends of its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have recently been radically improved and are now being employed in almost every application domain to develop automated or semi-automated systems. To facilitate greater human acceptability of these systems, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has experienced significant growth over the last couple of years with the development of highly accurate models but with a paucity of explainability and interpretability. The literature shows evidence from numerous studies on the philosophy and methodologies of XAI. Nonetheless, there is an evident scarcity of secondary studies in connection with the application domains and tasks, let alone review studies following prescribed guidelines, that can enable researchers' understanding of the current trends in XAI, which could lead to future research for domain- and application-specific method development. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the recent developments of XAI methods and evaluation metrics concerning different application domains and tasks. This study considers 137 articles published in recent years and identified through the prominent bibliographic databases. This systematic synthesis of research articles resulted in several analytical findings: XAI methods are mostly developed for safety-critical domains worldwide, deep learning and ensemble models are being exploited more than other types of AI/ML models, visual explanations are more acceptable to end-users and robust evaluation metrics are being developed to assess the quality of explanations. Research studies have been performed on the addition of explanations to widely used AI/ML models for expert users. However, more attention is required to generate explanations for general users from sensitive domains such as finance and the judicial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanistic psychology is grounded in dialogic communication and existentialist phenomenology, involving a relational philosophy and experientialist methodology. Its relative neglect within listening research is canvased before exploring the praxis of Gestalt therapy – a humanistic psychotherapy – which models integration of philosophy, theory, and practice relevant to listening. While listening research is increasingly attuned to relational aspects of communication and elements of humanistic therapies, it remains shaped by a metaphysics of atomization, compromising its capacity for integrated praxis. The value of conceptualizing listening as a praxis similar to that of Gestalt therapy is therefore elucidated, with particular reference to listening pedagogy in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the aims of human sciences seeks to understand the essences and meanings of human experiences by focusing on philosophical, epistemological, methodological, and linguistic principles through transcendental phenomenology and hermeneutics, two philosophies and research methodologies central to qualitative research. Therefore, fusing approaches provides a space where both epistemology and methodology within both traditions can merge to yield meaning and understanding, and at the same time, offer a new approach to dealing with data collection and data analysis without neglecting or distorting original leading concepts. Fusing approaches comes into being as the merging of overlapping and deferring epistemological, methodological, and rhetorical assumptions that a researcher brings into play and actually puts into practice sustaining a purposeful and explicit sense of neutrality to assure methodological trustworthiness. Moved by my sensitivity to lived experience, in this paper, I explicate in a step-by-step fashion the combination of Moustakas' modification of Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method of phenomenological analysis and Van Manen's (1990) hermeneutic approach to phenomenology in data collection and analysis. In fusing approaches, I encourage researchers to generate knowledge and show understanding emanated from both transcendental phenomenology and hermeneutics sustaining a deep sense of neutrality, co-creation, thoughtfulness, and rigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the concept of emotions is an essential task of 21st century societies. We cannot continue living if we ignore the importance they have in our everyday thinking and acting. Emotions are fundamental both to the private and the public sphere It is becoming increasingly important to learn to identify what we feel and what those around us feel, how we express these feelings and understand their consequences, in order to enable us to transform harmful emotions into others more favorable to the well-being of our personal relationships and our relationship with the environment. With this objective in mind, my text proposes a form of emotional education in the framework of peace education, initiated in early childhood, which acts to develop the emotional capacity required for the realization of a form of critical, ethical and creative global citizenship. This work recovers the methodology of the school of philosophy with children, which gives a great sense of philosophical praxis to the text, by putting it in dialogue, also, with studies in philosophy for peace. Thus, it is essential to vindicate empathy and moral imagination from the time we are children. Through thinking based on care, fthe cultivation of an emotional education will stimulate to wonder about other emotional alternatives, escaping from our own limits and exploring the perspectives of others until we come to merge with their horizons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philip Goff's book is an entry in the field of broadly defined philosophy of mind, as well as in the philosophy and methodology of natural sciences. It combines quite skillfully a popular scientific style with a more systematic scientific analysis. In addition to its central topic, which is the question of panpsychism, we find references to well-known thought experiments in the philosophy of consciousness. Despite numerous criticisms the book is a relative valuable addition to the existing literature, broadening the horizon of the ontological disputes about panpsychism in the context of natural science (physiology of higher nervous activity, neuroscience, quantum mechanics). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Roteiro is the property of Roteiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cognitio - Revista de Filosofia is the property of Cognitio - Revista de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite recent calls for decolonization in academia as a whole and the fields of communication studies and media studies in particular—with a focus on narratives such as #CommunicationSoWhite and #RhetoricSoWhite—there remains a lacuna of research on the topic within the African academy. Drawing on what I call an African feminist autoethnography framework grounded in a decolonial philosophy of Bilchiinsi, I present critical reflections on my experiences as an African scholar conducting research on media studies on the continent. I argue that although canonical theories can be useful in theorizing African media systems, decolonizing research must first look to Indigenous African epistemologies and knowledge systems to support knowledge production in communication studies and media studies. I draw on my experiences as a scholar cocreating knowledge with marginalized communities in Northern Ghana to discuss the legitimacy of African knowledge systems and parse out methodological strategies informed by these knowledge systems. I demonstrate the ways my knowledge gathering in this region is guided by the Dagbaŋ philosophy of Bilchiinsi, which ontologically emphasizes respecting the human dignity of interlocutors. I highlight the need for a paradigm shift in knowledge-building in media studies and communication studies, especially when African communities are the focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These are replies to critical discussions by Chrisoula Andreou, Sergio Tenenbaum, and J. David Velleman of my Planning, Time, and Self-Governance: Essays in Practical Rationality (2018). I explain important differences between my appeal to a grounding role of the end of diachronic self-governance and Velleman's view that 'intelligibility is [the] constitutive aim of action.' And I discuss both Velleman's Quine-inspired conception of norms of plan rationality and his comments on methodology in the philosophy of action. In response to Tenenbaum, I explain how appeal to a planning agent's self-governance over time supports basic planning norms. And I explain why my appeal to the significance of the end of one's diachronic self-governance need not lead to unacceptable bootstrapping. In response to Andreou, I explain why, on my view of rational willpower, the agent's general assessment in favor of a general pattern of action (e.g. regularly having only a single beer at dinner), while common and important, need not play a fundamental role in a planning agent's sticking with their prior resolution in the face of temptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the idea of Green economy has been widely discussed by experts in environmental economics and in various political forums. Many countries use various tools and principles of Green economy in their national policies and growth strategies. However, some countries fear that the transition to a Green economy model may hamper their development in the context of the philosophy of modern ecology. That is why the formation of a clear methodology for the Green economy is essential today. The article discusses the prerequisites for implementation, the basic principles of Green economy into the public administration system, and provides a system for modelling ways to implement the principles of Green economy using the IDEF0 methodology in the context of the philosophy of modern modern philosophy ecology. This methodology allows seeing clearly the ways and means of achieving this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I explore Mary Midgley's meta-philosophy: her view of the purpose of philosophy and its corresponding methodology. After some biographical information and historical context, I consider Midgley's answer to the question 'why do we need philosophy?' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses two different but interrelated questions as to the methodology of the history of philosophy after the end of the great narratives. The first concerns the criteria by which historical debates can be identified as “philosophical”. The second deals with a particular debate at the beginning of modern times on the use of certain techniques of dissimulation: mental reservation and ambiguity. The idea is that by exploring this particular debate, one can gain important insights into the nature of philosophical debates in general. To this end, we describe the background of this controversy, observe the different philosophical justifications behind the techniques proposed, and explain the moral and political consequences of the positions. The conclusion is that no clear definition can be applied to philosophical problems as philosophical ones. The more rigorously we enforce a priori criteria, the less the real issues can be understood. That said, the lesson is not that the philosophical approach must be abandoned, but that a kind of “double vision” is to be applied to the problems under study. What it means is to keep in mind the criteria of philosophical reasoning on the one hand, and to be prepared to give them up when necessary, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution considers how economic methodology and the philosophy of economics have evolved in the light of real experience in the economy. Philosophical and methodological discourse about economics has extended to the student movement and to the public arena as a result of the various recent crises facing the economy and society, and of economists' response. This discourse has drawn particularly on heterodox philosophical/methodological analysis, which has continued to develop both within and beyond the specialist literature. There has been an increasing focus on issues surrounding pluralism and the orthodoxy/heterodoxy distinction. Following a discussion of these developments a parallel is drawn between evolution of the fields of methodology/philosophy of economics on the one hand and the history of economic thought on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]