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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic micromineral zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in late-phase laying hens’ diets on performance, egg quality, lipid stability of fresh and stored eggs, and bone quality. The treatments were a basal diet and diets supplemented with 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet; 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet and 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; 1500 IU 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg diet; 32 mg Zn-Met/kg diet; 26 mg Mn-Met/kg diet; and 1500 IU 25-hydroxycholecalciferol/kg diet. On performance, the birds supplemented with organic manganese had the lowest feed intake. Regarding egg quality, the birds supplemented with Zn-Met and Mn-Met, with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone, and with Zn-Met, Mn-Met and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol presented a greater eggshell thickness than those receiving the basal diet. Lipid stability of the yolk varied only according to storage time. No effect of supplementation was observed on bone quality. Supplementation with Zn-Met and Mn-Met, or associated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alone, improved eggshell thickness in aged white layers. However, the associated or isolated supplementation with these nutrients did not influence performance, lipid stability of fresh and stored egg yolk or bone quality.

Two trials were conducted: (1) to determine the chemical composition, digestibility of nutrients and energy of cashew nut meal (CNM); and (2) to evaluate the effects of increasing its levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) in diets for growing rabbits on performance, carcass characteristics and economic evaluation. The digestibility assay utilized 24 rabbits (55 days of age), distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and 12 repetitions, with one reference and another test feed composed of 70% basal diet and 30% CNM. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy from CNM were, respectively, 76.61, 61.71 and 56.53%. The digestible dry matter, digestible protein and digestible energy were, respectively, 74.28, 16.97 and 3,549 kcal/kg. The performance assay utilized 120 rabbits, with an average of 45 days of age and weight 1090 ± 151g, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and 10 repetitions with two rabbits of the same sex per cage. The inclusion of CNM above 5% promoted a linear reduction in feed intake and improved feed conversion, without affecting weight gain and carcass characteristics to the 20% level of inclusion. There was also a linear reduction in feed cost per kilogram of weight gain and linear improvement in rates of economic efficiency and cost index up to 25% CNM inclusion. Based on these findings - and to not hurt performance - it is recommended to include up to 20% CNM in rabbits' diet. Resumo Dois ensaios foram realizados: (1) para determinar a composição química, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e energia do farelo de castanha de caju (FCC) e avaliar os efeitos do aumento dos níveis (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%) em dietas para coelhos em crescimento sobre desempenho, características de carcaça e avaliação econômica. O ensaio de digestibilidade utilizou 24 coelhos (55 dias de idade), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e 12 repetições, sendo uma ração referência e outra ração teste composta por 70% de dieta basal e 30% de FCC. A digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta do FCC foram, respectivamente, 76,61; 61,71 e 56,53%. A matéria seca digestível, a proteína digestível e a energia digestível foram, respectivamente, 74,28; 16,97 e 3,549 kcal / kg. O ensaio de desempenho utilizou 120 coelhos, com média de 45 dias de idade e peso de 1090 ± 151g, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e 10 repetições com dois coelhos do mesmo sexo por gaiola. A inclusão de FCC acima de 5% promoveu uma redução linear no consumo de ração e melhor conversão alimentar, sem afetar as características de ganho de peso e carcaça para o nível de inclusão de 20%. Também foi observada redução linear no custo de alimentação por quilograma de ganho de peso e melhora linear nas taxas de eficiência econômica e índice de custos até 25% de inclusão do FCC. Com base nesses resultados - e para não prejudicar o desempenho - é recomendável incluir até 20% de FCC na dieta de coelhos.

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort considering natural and cooling ventilation on the performance, physiological parameters and thermal comfort indices for sows from first to third parturition. A total of 30 sows from commercial lineage (genetic base Landrace x Large White) initially weighing 252.3±5.7, 280.8±9.5 and 324.5±4.8 kg at first, second and third parturition, respectively, were distributed in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, considering the three parturition orders and the two ventilation methods, with five replicas per treatment. The effect of ventilation methods and times of the day on relative humidity, radiant thermal load, temperature and humidity index and black globe humidity index. There was an interaction among ventilation methods and parturition order for sow weight at weaning and daily feed intake. Regarding the females physiological parameters, with the exception of rectal temperature, there was an interaction between ventilation methods and times of the day. The thermal conditioning using cooling ventilation provides better values for thermal comfort indexes of the sows and promotes an increase in feed intake, mainly in gilts.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the use of increasing levels of castor bean cake detoxified with calcium hydroxide in diets for pigs at growing and finishing phases on performance, diet digestibility, weight of digestive organs, carcass traits, and economic evaluation. A total of 40 barrows with 44.59 ± 5.16 kg initial weight were fed diets with 0%, 7%, 14%, and 21% detoxified castor bean cake. Increasing levels of detoxified castor bean cake in diets resulted in linear worsening in the average daily gain of the pigs. Dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy digestibilities were adversely affected by the levels of detoxified castor bean cake. A linear decrease in loin eye area and ham yield was detected depending on detoxified castor bean cake inclusion levels. Although the detoxified castor bean cake had no effect on the assessed economic variables, its use in diets for growing and finishing pigs is not recommended.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the addition of fresh and stored copra meal to the diet of meat quails. Two hundred eighty-seven-day-old male and female quails were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, in a 2 × 2 + 1factorial arrangement. Two copra meal types (fresh and stored) at inclusion levels of 12.5% and 25%, respectively, were added to a corn-soybean meal-based diet, with seven replicates, of eight quails each. Copra meal acidity index recorded oleic acid percentage increase from 0.47 to 3.03% after six storage months. However, regardless of storage type, its addition to quails' diet resulted in higher values of metabolizable energy, in lower feed intake and better feed conversion than corn-soybean meal diet. Copra meal addition to quails' diet did not affect carcass traits, liver and pancreas relative weight, and bone growth and quality. Although copra meal storage for 180 days resulted in higher free fatty acid content in the provided feed, it can be used fresh or after storage, in diet of meat quails from 7 to 42 days of age up to 25%.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of sunflower meal (SM) and the addition of enzymes in the diets of brown-egg laying pullets, in the grower phase (7 to 17 wk of age), as well as their effects on the variables feed intake and conversion, productive performance, sexual maturity, egg quality at the beginning of the laying phase. 480 brown egg laying pullets were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with sunflower meal (12 and 24%) and enzyme complex (with or without) and plus 1 (control) with 6 replications per treatment and 16 pullets per pen for the performance assay. At the end of the grower phase, 330 pullets were transferred to the laying house until 35 wk of age. There was no interaction between the inclusion rate of SM and enzymes, as the diets and enzymes influenced the feed intake and feed conversion ratio separately (P

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of different levels of ethanolic extract of mango seed (EEMS) on performance, carcass characteristics, relative weight of the digestive tract segments and blood parameters of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 756 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with seven treatments and six replicates of 18 birds. The treatments consisted of: diet without addition of antioxidant (control); with addition of 200 mg/kg of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); and diets with 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1000 mg/kg of EEMS. There were no significant differences between the treatments for the performance variables, carcass characteristics, or the relative weight of the segments of the digestive tract. Regarding the serum lipid profile, it was observed that the broilers fed the control diet had significantly higher total cholesterol levels than the animals that received diets containing EEMS. However, there was no significant difference between the use of synthetic antioxidant BHT and the addition of EEMS at different levels. Ethanolic extract of mango seed in broiler chickens’ feeding from 1 to 42 days of age has no adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics or relative weight of the segments of the digestive tract. However, it influences their lipid metabolism, reducing total plasma cholesterol from inclusion level 200 mg/kg.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of calcium anacardate on the performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, intestinal morphometry, and pH of gastrointestinal contents in piglets from 21 to 42 days of age. Sixty weaned Topigs piglets, with initial weight of 6.049±0.311 kg, were distributed in the following treatments: diet with or without antibiotic growth promoter (zinc bacitracin) and diets supplemented with increasing levels of calcium anacardate (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2%), with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit. No differences in performance (21 to 42 days of age), blood parameters, and villus height:crypt depth ratio were found between piglets fed diets containing calcium anacardate or antibiotic growth promoter. The replacement of the antibiotic growth promoter zinc bacitracin by calcium anacardate results in similar performance in piglets from 21 to 42 days of age, without changes in blood parameters and in the villus height:crypt depth ratio. The dietary inclusion of calcium anacardate does not decrease diarrhea incidence compared with the antibiotic zinc bacitracin. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inclusão do anacardato de cálcio em rações para leitões, dos 21 aos 42 dias de idade, sobre desempenho, ocorrência de diarreia, parâmetros sanguíneos, morfometria intestinal e pH dos conteúdos gastrintestinais. Foram avaliados 60 leitões desmamados da linhagem comercial Topigs, com peso inicial de 6,049±0,311 kg, distribuídos entre os seguintes tratamentos: rações com ou sem antibiótico promotor de crescimento (bacitracina de zinco) e rações contendo doses crescentes de anacardato de cálcio (0,4, 0,8 e 1,2%), com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho (21 a 42 dias de idade), nos parâmetros sanguíneos e na relação altura de vilosidade/profundidade de cripta entre leitões que receberam ração contendo anacardato de cálcio ou antibiótico promotor de crescimento. A substituição de antibiótico promotor de crescimento bacitracina de zinco pelo anacardato de cálcio resulta em desempenho semelhante de leitões dos 21 aos 42 dias de idade, e não altera os parâmetros sanguíneos e a relação altura de vilosidade/profundidade de cripta. A inclusão de anacardato de cálcio na ração não diminui a ocorrência de diarreia em comparação ao antibiótico bacitracina de zinco.

The objective of this work was to determine the nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) of fish silage, as well as to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of fish silage meal (FSM) in diets on the performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory analysis of meat and mortadella, and economic viability of growing and finishing pigs. In the digestibility assay, 16 barrows (33.20±4.93 kg) received diets with and without FSM. The fish silage had 39.01% crude protein and 4,032 kcal kg-1 ME. In the performance assay, 32 barrows (26.00±1.68 kg) were fed diets containing different inclusion levels of FSM (0, 25, 50, and 75%). FSM, obtained from the mixture (1:1) of fish silage with corn, showed a quadratic effect on average daily gain, and the best result was obtained with the inclusion level of 25.83%. The results for feed conversion and economic viability indicate that up to 25% FSM, corresponding to 5.87% of fish silage based on dry matter, can be used in the pig growing and finishing phases.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lighting programs for male and female meat quails raised in an equatorial region on performance and carcass traits. A total of 1,500 sexed quails (Coturnix coturnix) was distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 2 sexes (male and female) and 3 lighting programs (natural, intermittent, and continuous) with 5 replicates of 50 birds. The lighting programs were applied in the period from 7 to 49 d of age, being natural (12 h and 30 min of natural light and 11 h and 30 min of dark), intermittent (12 h and 30 min of natural light and 5 h and 30 min of artificial light, alternating lighting periods with one h and 06 min and periods of darkness with one h and 12 min), and continuous (23 h of natural + artificial light and one h of dark). Regardless of lighting program, female quails were heavier than males, and birds subjected to natural light weighed less than those exposed to continuous and intermittent lighting programs. Quails exposed to intermittent and continuous light presented higher weight gain and feed intake, and worse feed conversion ratio compared to birds under a natural light regimen. It is concluded that in an equatorial region, it is possible to use a lighting program with only natural light for raising male and female meat quails from 7 to 49 d of age.

Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding laying hens diets containing cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a source of anacardic acid on the blood biochemical parameters as well as the enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation of liver and tissues of the reproductive system (ovary, magnum, and uterus). A total of 216 Hisex White commercial laying hens were distributed randomly into six treatments, with six replicates of six birds. Treatments consisted of a diet without growth promoter (GP); a diet with GP; and diets without GP, with addition of increasing levels of CNSL (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%). Addition of CNSL to the diet did not affect the blood biochemical parameters (uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides), the enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and nonprotein sulphydryl groups) in the organs (liver, ovary, magnum and uterus) or the peroxidation of lipids from the blood serum, liver, magnum and uterus (p > 0.05). However, the addition of 0.75% and 1.00% CNSL provided a lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in the birds' ovary (p

Two experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the inclusion of forage cactus meal in diets for rabbits during the growth phase. In the first test 14 male New Zealand red rabbits were used, housed in metal cages, and distributed in a completely randomly design with two treatments and seven replicates with one animal per experimental unit. The digestibility of the nutrients and the digestible energy of the forage cactus meal were determined by the total feces collection method. The forage cactus meal presented 92.24% of DM, 5.63% of CP and 2,347 kcal of DE/kg. In the second test the inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% forage cactus meal in the rabbit diet was tested for productive performance, carcass characteristics, viscera and economic viability. Thus, 40 male rabbits of the New Zealand red breed were used, distributed in metal cages, completely random designed with four treatments, five replicates and two animals per experimental unit. No influence of inclusion levels (P>0.05) on performance variables, housing characteristics or economic viability was observed. The forage cactus meal can be included in up to 30% in the diets of growing rabbits. RESUMO Foram realizados dois ensaios experimentais para avaliar a inclusão do farelo de palma forrageira em dietas para coelhos durante a fase de crescimento. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 14 coelhos machos Nova Zelândia vermelha, alojados em gaiolas metálicas, e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e sete repetições com um animal por unidade experimental. Foram determinadas a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a energia digestível do farelo de palma pelo método da coleta total de fezes. O farelo de palma forrageira apresentou 92,24% de MS, 5,63% de PB e 2.347 kcal de ED/kg. No segundo ensaio foi testada a inclusão de 0, 10, 20 e 30% de farelo de palma forrageira na dieta de coelhos e avaliado o desempenho produtivo, as características de carcaça, vísceras e a viabilidade econômica. Para tanto, foram utilizados 40 coelhos machos da raça Nova Zelândia vermelha, distribuídos em gaiolas metálicas, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Não se observou influência (P>0,05) da inclusão em níveis do farelo de palma sobre o desempenho produtivo, as características de carcaça e a viabilidade econômica. O farelo de palma pode ser incluído em até de 30% na dieta de coelhos em crescimento.

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of passion fruit seed (PFS) and the effects of dietary supply of this feedstuff on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, biochemical parameters, and economic viability of growing rabbits. In the digestibility experiment, 24 rabbits (12 males and 12 females) were allocated between 2 treatments (reference diet and test diet, composed by 70 % reference diet and 30 % PFS). The PFS contained 119.3 g/kg crude protein (CP), 218.2 g/kg ether extract (EE), 656.6 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom), 625.5 g/kg acid detergent fibre (ADFom) and 9.4 MJ DE/kg dry matter. In the performance experiment, 100 rabbits (50 males and 50 females) were allocated in a 5 × 2 factorial design study, with five inclusion levels of PFS (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/kg) and 2 genders. PFS promoted a linear increase on the activity and potential antioxidant of blood, meat color, and DM, CP and EE digestibility (P

The use of adrenergic agonists such as ractopamine leads to lean carcasses due to an increasein muscle deposition. The effects of ractopamine on performance and carcass traits in pigsmay be varied depending on the level of agonist and amino acids, especially lysine, on diet,sex and age of the animals at the beginning of the additive supply. These factors, as well asthe feed cost and the adoption or not the carcass classification influence the economicviability of the use of ractopamine. The economic analysis, therefore, is necessary to evaluatethe feasibility of ractopamine inclusion in diets of finishing gilts. This study aimed to evaluatethe addition of ractopamine at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of diets for gilts slaughtered with 110 kg,on feed cost, gross and net incomes, considering or not the carcass rewarding. A total of 468gilts were used and fed for 28 days. There was an increase in feed cost and linear decrease innet income without carcass rewarding with raising level of additive. For net income withcarcass rewarding, there was a linear effect with higher income for the level of 15 mg/kg.Considering the carcass classification, the inclusion of ractopamine at the level of 15 mg/kgpromotes higher income.

Ethanol extract of mango seeds (EEMS) are composed of several polyphenolic compounds with considerable in vitro antioxidant activity that can be used in pig feed and may contribute positively to meat quality characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EEMS as a source of antioxidants in growing-finishing pig diets on meat quality, lipid stability, sulfhydryl groups non-proteinaceous (SG-NP), total phenolic compounds, total antioxidant potential and total antioxidant activity of meat after 1 and 7 days of refrigeration storage. Thirty-two (60-day-old) barrows, weighing 20.20 ± 1.34 kg, were used in a randomized block design consisting of eight animals with four treatment regimens. Treatments consisted of: Control = no dietary antioxidant; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) = diet with 200 ppm BHT; EEMS200 = diet with 200 ppm EEMS; EEMS400 = diet with 400 ppm EEMS. At 145 days of age and average weight of 95.47 ± 6.19 kg, the animals were slaughtered and loin samples were collected and frozen before for qualitative analysis and evaluation of the effect of subsequent storage for 1 or 7 days at 8 °C on lipid stability, SG-NP, phenolic compounds, total antioxidant capacity and total antioxidant activity Meat from animals fed EEMS400 diet showed lower cooking loss (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Ca anacardate and citric acid for weaned piglets on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, pH of gastrointestinal contents, blood profile, intestinal morphometry, and immunohistochemistry in the periods I (d 0 to 12), II (d 12 to 22), III (d 22 to 42), and total (d 0 to 42). A total of 96 barrows weaned at 21 d of age (5.96 ±0.81 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments with 8 replicates pens and 3 piglets per pen in a randomized block design. The experimental treatments were: positive control, diet with addition of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, 0.05% zinc bacitracin); negative control, diet without addition of AGP; negative control diet with addition of 1% citric acid and 0.6% Ca anacardate; and negative control diet with addition of 1% citric acid and 1% Ca anacardate. Piglets fed the diets containing AGP or Ca anacardate and citric acid had decreased values of feed:gain during the period III and total period (P

In order to evaluate iron chelate in diets for sows during gestation and lactation and its effects on iron supplementation for piglets, a total of 50 pregnant sows in the third parity order were distributed according to a randomized block design with two treatments: diet without iron chelate supplementation (n=20); diet supplemented with 0.15% of iron chelate (n=30). The litters of sows were distributed into five different treatments: sows without iron chelate supplementation and piglets receiving intramuscular iron-dextran; sows without iron chelate supplementation and piglets receiving oral iron supplementation; sows supplemented with iron chelate and piglets receiving intramuscular iron-dextran; sows supplemented with iron chelate and piglets receiving oral iron supplementation; sows supplemented with iron chelate and piglets without iron supplementation. No influence of dietary supplementation of iron chelate was verified on the productive parameters of the sows. For the piglets, iron-dextran supplementation promoted higher weaning weight in comparison to non-supplemented piglets, although not differing to those received oral iron supplementation. Thus, iron chelate supplementation did not improve the productive parameters of sows, but it increased iron excretion in the feces, thus requiring iron supplementation for the piglets after birth.

To evaluate the use of different lipid sources in diets of growing rabbits, 60 New Zealand White rabbits were evaluated on performance, carcass traits, meat composition, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of refrigerated and frozen meat. The experiment was distributed in a randomized block design, in five treatments, with six replicates and two animals per experimental unit (one male and one female). The treatments consisted of five isonutritive diets, with 2.5% soybean oil (SO), sunflower oil (SFO), cottonseed oil (CO), beef tallow (BT) and poultry fat (PF). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary lipid sources on animal performance, carcass traits and meat composition (P > 0.05). Dietary inclusion of beef tallow resulted in a lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat compared to vegetable oils. The values of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) indicated higher oxidation in the frozen meat of the animals fed with sunflower oil, cottonseed oil and bovine tallow in their diets. In conclusion, vegetable oils and animal fats can be included in growing rabbit diets without impair performance and meat quality parameters. Dietary inclusion of soybean oil is more advantageous because it promotes the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and greater lipid stability of refrigerated and frozen rabbit meat.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T00:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:01:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-90162015000500400.pdf: 2216074 bytes, checksum: f044b85011a2e4faec24501c8c3c3188 (MD5) Dietary fiber is an important component, which has a direct effect on intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients; and also alters intestinal microbiota and morphology according to solubility. One digestibility trial and one performance experiment were performed to evaluate the effects of sources of fiber in diets for 21 day weaned piglets. The experimental diets used in both trials consisted of a control diet and diets with purified cellulose, soybean hulls or citrus pulp as a main source of dietary fiber. To evaluate the digestibility of nutrients (Assay 1), the total feces and urine collection method was used. The fiber sources did not affect nutrient digestibility, except for soluble fiber, which increased with the inclusion of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.) pulp. To evaluate performance, morphophysiology and microbiology of the digestive tract of weaned piglets, a total of 32 castrated male piglets was used. Slaughter of animals was implemented at 35 and 50 days of age. The use of soybean (Glycine max L.) hulls and citrus pulp in diets increased the number of goblet cells and the density of villi in the jejunum. The viscosities of stomach and cecum contents increased due to the addition of citrus pulp. Soybean hulls and the citrus pulp included in diets reduced the occurrence of E. coli in the small intestines of piglets slaughtered at 35 days of age. Among the fiber sources, purified cellulose in piglet diets promotes better performance of animals, due to the modulation of the small intestine microbiota, with lower E. coli occurrence resulting in higher villus density. Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Anim Sci, BR-58220000 Bananeiras, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, FCAV, Dept Anim Sci, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Anim Sci, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Dept Anim Sci, BR-18618970 Rondonopolis, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, FCAV, Dept Anim Sci, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, Brazil

The aim of this study was to determine and validate prediction equations for digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of corn for growing pigs. The prediction equations were developed based on data on the chemical composition, digestible and metabolizable energy of corn grain (30 samples) evaluated in experiments in Embrapa Suinos e Aves, Brazil. The equations were evaluated using regression analysis, and adjusted R² was the criterion for selection of the best models. Two equations were tested for DE and ME, each. To validate the equations, 1 experiment with 2 assays was performed to determine the values of DE and ME of 5 corn cultivars. In each assay, we used 24 growing pigs with initial average weight of 54.21 ± 1.68 kg in complete randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and 5 ration tests composed of 60% of the reference diet and 40% of corn (1 of the 5 cultivars). Based on the results of the metabolic experiment and predicted values obtained in the equations, the validation of the equations was conducted using the lowest prediction error (pe) as a criterion for selection. The equations that produced the most accurate estimates of DE and ME of corn were as follows: DE = 11812 – 1015.9CP – 837.9EE – 1641ADF + 2616.3Ash + 47.5(CP2) + 114.7(CF2) + 46(ADF2) – 1.6(NDF2) – 997.1(Ash2) + 151.9EECF + 23.2EENDF – 126.4CPCF + 136.4CPADF – 4.0CPNDF, with R2 = 0.81 and pe = 2.33; ME = 12574 – 1254.9CP – 1140.5EE – 1359.9ADF + 2816.3Ash + 77.6(CP2) + 92.3(CF2) + 54.1(ADF2) – 1.8(NDF2) – 1097.2(Ash2) + 240.6EECF + 26.3EENDF – 157.4CPCF + 96.5CPADF – 4.4CPNDF, with R2 = 0.89 and pe = 2.24. Thus, using the data on chemical composition, it is possible to derive prediction equations for DE and ME of corn for pigs; these equations seem to be valid because of the small prediction errors suggestive of high accuracy of these models.

The use of alternative foods to replace conventional foods is becoming a source of research for many researchers. The cashew nut meal (CNM) has high energy and protein value, may be a partial substitute for corn and soybean meal for poultry feed. In this context, this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of CNM on the utilization of nutrients in the ration for laying hens, as well as the performance and characteristics of the eggs. The study used 180 Dekalb Brown laying hens 27 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates of six birds. Treatments consisted of a control diet without CNM and others with the inclusion of this food at levels of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Upon regression analysis, a linear increase in nitrogen metabolism, crude energy and apparently metabolizable energy was seen. The dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy corrected for rations were not affected by the inclusion of the CNM. Feed intake and egg weight were not affected by the inclusion of the CNM; however, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, and yolk color worsened linearly with inclusion of CNM. Compared to control diet, the inclusion of CNM worsened the egg mass and feed conversion from 15%, and yolk color from 20%. As a result, it is recommended the inclusion of the CNM in the diet of laying hens at a maximum level of 10%.

This research aimed to evaluate enzyme supplementation in diets with different nutritional levels for pigs in their feces excretion and anaerobic digestion. Fifty four gilts were placed on diets formulated to achieve 100 or 95 or 90 % of a pig's nutrient requirements, with the addition of an enzyme complex containing amylase, β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, protease and phytase (diets 100E, 95E and 90E) or without the enzymes (diets 100, 95 and 90). The trial was divided into three periods (1, 1-2 and 1-3) based on the animal weight. The enzyme complex reduced (p < 0.05) excretions per period and per unit of weight gain (residue coefficients) of organic matter (OM) in Period 1, of N, Ca, Zn and Na in Period 1-2, and of Na excretions and residue coefficients in Period 1-3. Animals fed diet 95E had lower excretions (p < 0.05) of dry (DM), organic and mineral matters, N, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu, and lower residue coefficients (p < 0.05) of DM, OM, P, Fe, Mn and Cu compared with the animals fed diet 95, in Period 1-3. Numerically, the enzyme complex improved biogas and methane production potentials in anaerobic digestion of the feces. The use of an enzyme complex in a diet formulated to provide 95 % of the gilts' nutrient requirements reduced fecal excretion and positively affected the anaerobic digestion of feces. These data show that pig nutrition and feeding are important tools for reducing the potential environmental impact of pig production.

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate for mixed-parity sows during lactation on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood parameters and litter performance. A total of 192 sows were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement, considering 4 experimental diets (diet without sodium butyrate, diet with 0.1% and 0.2% coated sodium butyrate, and diet with 0.066% uncoated sodium butyrate) and 4 parity order groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 5th to 7th), totaling 16 treatments with 12 replicates each, considering each sow and their litter as experimental unit. Dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate did not influence the reproductive performance of sows and productive performance of piglets during lactation (P > 0.05). There was an effect of parity orders on body weight at farrowing and weaning, average daily feed intake and estimated daily milk production of the sows (P < 0.05). There was influence of the different parity orders on litter weight at 48 h post-farrowing and at weaning, and also on the daily weight gain of the litter (P < 0.05). There was no interaction between the sodium butyrate supplementation and the different parity orders on blood parameters of sows (P > 0.05). There was interaction between the supplementation of sodium butyrate and the parity orders in caprylic, myristic and arachidonic acids in the milk of sows (P < 0.05). The butyric acid (C4:0) in the milk was influenced by dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate and parity orders (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of coated and uncoated sodium butyrate for lactating sows modifies the milk fatty acid profile, but does not affect the performance and blood parameters of sows, nor the performance of their progenies during lactation. Sows of 5th to 7th parity have better productive performance and heavier litter at 48 h post-farrowing and at weaning when compared to primiparous sows.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of broken rice inclusion as substitute for corn in the diet on the performance, carcass yield, and economic viability of meat-type quails between 7 and 49 days of age. A number of 288 quails was distributed according to a completely randomized design into six treatments with six replicates of eight birds each. Treatments consisted of increasing levels of broken rice (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) in replacement of corn. Increasing levels of corn substitution by broken rice in the diet of 7- to 49-day-old meat-type quails did not affect feed intake, weight gain or feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). Relative to carcass traits, the inclusion of broken rice in the diets did not influence (p>0.05) dressing percentage or breast, leg (thigh+drumstick), liver, and gizzard yields. Moreover, feed cost per kilogram of live weight gain, cost index, and economic efficiency index were not influenced by the replacement of corn by broken rice in the diets. The performance, carcass traits and economic viability of broilers fed the different levels of broken rice inclusion were not different from the control group (p>0.05). These results indicate the economic viability of total replacement of corn by broken rice in the feeding of meat-type quails.

This study aimed at evaluating the total replacement of corn by white or red sorghum and the inclusion or not of pigment in the diet on the performance and yolk color of Japanese quail eggs. In the trial, 210 Japanese quails were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design consisting of five treatments with six replicates of seven birds each. Treatments consisted of Corn-based diet (C), white sorghum-based diet (WS), white sorghum-based diet + pigment (WSP), red sorghum-based diet (RS), and red sorghum-based diet + pigment (RSP). Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, and egg mass were no influenced by the treatments. However, paler egg yolks were produced when corn was replaced by sorghum. When red and white sorghum varieties were compared, there were no differences in yolk color or response to pigment dietary inclusion. It was concluded that the total replacement of corn by sorghum in the feed did not influence the performance of Japanese quails and that yolk color response is not affected by the inclusion of pigments in diets containing sorghum, independently of its variety.

A total of 32 male castrated boars and gilts of a commercial pig line aged 21 days and 6.20±0.92 kg of live weight were used to evaluate the performance and economical evaluation of copra meal inclusion in diets for piglets at nursery. Animals were allotted in a completely randomized block design with four treatments (0, 7, 14 and 21 % of copra meal), eight replicates per treatment and one animal as experimental unit. From 21 to 42 days of age, levels up to 7 % reduced daily weight gain of piglets (p

Feeding management of laying hens has been focused on the direct influence of nutrient intake on weight gain, especially at growing phase. This study evaluates nutrient digestibility, performance, development of the digestive tract, body composition, and bone quality of two strains of laying hens fed with different levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) during the growing phase from the 7th to the 12th week of age. A total of 1,296 birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (two strains x three levels of NDF) with four replicates of 54 birds per treatment. Semi-heavy (Hy Line Brown) and light-strain (Lohman LSL) pullets were allotted to dietary treatments consisting of 14.50, 16.50, and 18.50% NDF. An interaction between strains and NDF levels was observed only for feed/gain ratio and light-strain pullets had lower performance with 18.50% NDF. The increasing levels of NDF in the diet reduced the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and the values of metabolizable energy. Higher levels of NDF in the diet increased the relative weight of liver and intestines and reduced gizzard weight. It was also observed differences between bone quality and composition of the femur and tibia of light and semi-heavy hens. The increase in NDF level in ration for growing phase laying hens above 14.50% decreases the nutrient digestibility and the metabolizable energy of the diet; however, it does not affect the carcass composition, bone quality, feed intake, and weight gain, although it may impair feed conversion of light-strain pullets.

Rice is the second largest cereal crop in the world and the by-products resulting from rice processing for human consumption are potential feedstuffs to compose poultry diets. In this sense, it was evaluated the influence of parboiled rice bran (PRB) in diets for Japanese quails in growing phase on the performance and digestibility, besides of residual effects and characteristics of egg quality in laying phase. A total of 324 Japanese quails with 7 days of age were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 6 replicates of 9 birds. The treatments consisted of 6 isonutritives diets, being a control diet without PRB and the others containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. At the end of growing phase the birds were allotted in cages and fed the same diet without PRB at laying phase. At growing phase, the inclusion of PRB up to 5% promoted linear reduction in dry matter and gross energy digestibilities of diet; however a linear increase in metabolizable energy was noted. Feed intake, weight gain and final weight were reduced but not altering feed:gain ratio and body composition. At laying phase, the inclusion of PRB increased the age at first egg production but no influence was verified at age to reach 50% of egg production. No effect was verified at laying percentage, feed intake, weight and egg mass and feed:gain ratio. In economical evaluation, the inclusion of up to 25% of parboiled rice bran provided best economical indexes. The inclusion of PRB Japanese quails diets at growing phase can be recommended in levels up to 25%, without incurring future losses at laying phase. O arroz é a segunda maior cultura cerealífera do mundo e os subprodutos resultantes de seu processamento do arroz para o consumo humano são potenciais ingredientes para compor as rações para aves. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a inclusão de diferentes níveis de farelo integral de arroz parboilizado (FIAP) em rações para codornas japonesas em crescimento quanto à digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta, desempenho, maturidade sexual e composição corporal e seus efeitos na fase de postura quanto à produção e características dos ovos. Foram utilizadas 324 codornas japonesas com 7 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 6 repetições de 9 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram em 6 rações isonutrientes, sendo uma ração controle, sem FIAP e as demais contendo 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de FIAP. Ao final da fase de crescimento, as aves foram transferidas para o galpão de produção, sendo alimentadas com uma mesma ração de postura por 63 dias, sem inclusão de FIAP. Na fase de crescimento, a inclusão de FIAP acima de 5% promoveu redução linear na digestibilidade da matéria seca e energia bruta da ração, havendo aumento linear nos valores de energia metabolizável das rações. O consumo de ração, ganho de peso e peso final reduziram sem alterar a conversão alimentar e a composição corporal. Na fase de produção, a adição de FIAP na ração de crescimento aumentou a idade para produção do primeiro ovo, sem influenciar significativamente a idade para atingir 50% de produção. Não houve efeito sobre percentagem de postura, consumo de ração, peso e massa de ovos e conversão alimentar. Em relação à avaliação econômica, o uso de até 25% de FIAP proporcionou melhores índices de custo. A inclusão do farelo de arroz na ração para codornas japonesas em fase de crescimento pode ser recomendada em níveis de até 25%, sem prejuízo para a fase de postura.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) S1519-99402013000100009.pdf.txt: 35118 bytes, checksum: c96eae16b67094695d32d32c64ace686 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) S1519-99402013000100009.pdf.txt: 35118 bytes, checksum: c96eae16b67094695d32d32c64ace686 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-99402013000100009.pdf: 171333 bytes, checksum: 91eb483afb45147516864573eb7defc0 (MD5) S1519-99402013000100009.pdf.txt: 35118 bytes, checksum: c96eae16b67094695d32d32c64ace686 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes concentrações de probiótico (0; 200 e 300mg/kg de ração) em rações de leitões recém desmamados e em diferentes idades de abate, sobre as características do sistema digestório e desempenho zootécnico. Foram utilizados 35 leitões desmamados, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 (três concentrações de probiótico x duas idades de abate + grupo abatido ao desmame). Foram abatidos cinco leitões no dia da desmama e os demais ao 31º e 41º dia de idade. Foram amostrados segmentos do duodeno e jejuno para a contagem de vilosidades, pesados o pâncreas e fígado e calculado o rendimento de carcaça. Para incidência de diarréia e desempenho, foram utilizados 30 animais e as avaliações foram realizadas nos seguintes períodos: P1- 0 a 10, P2- 11 a 20 e Período Total- 0 a 20 dias pós desmame. Não houve efeito das concentrações do probiótico sobre as características do sistema digestório e a incidência de diarréia, no entanto o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram afetados. Concluiu-se que o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar de leitões suplementados com 200mg de probiótico/kg de ração foi melhor do que o grupo suplementado com 300mg de probiótico/kg de ração. As diferentes concentrações de probiótico adicionadas na ração de leitões não alteraram as características do sistema digestório, mostrando-se alterações apenas em relação à idade do abate. The aims were to evaluate the effects of the addition of different probiotic concentrations (0; 200 and 300mg/kg of ration) in rations of pigs recently weaned and in different ages of slaughter, on the characteristics of the digesting system and performance. 35 weaned pigs were used, distributed in blocks randomized design in 3x2+1 (three probiotic concentrations x two ages of slaughter + group slaughter to the weaning). Five pigs were slaughter in the weaning day and the others to the 31 and 41 days of age. Were sampled segments of the duodenum and jejunum for counting villous, weighs the pancreas and liver and calculated the yield carcass. For diarrhea incidence and performance, 30 animals were used and the evaluations were accomplished in the following periods: P1 - 0 to 10, P2 - 11 to 20 and Total Period - 0 to 20 days after wean. There was not effect of the probiotic concentrations on the characteristics of the digesting system and the diarrhea incidence, however the weight gain and the feed:gain ratio were affected. The conclusion are: The gain weight and feed:gain ratio of piglets supplemented with 200mg of probiotic/kg of ration was better than the group supplemented with 300mg of probiotic/kg of ration. The different probiotic concentrations added in the piglets rations did not alter the characteristics of the digesting system, being showed alterations just in relation to the slaughter age. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia Instituto de Zootecnia Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Zootecnia

The intestinal health of piglets depends on the balance between diet, microflora and mucosal integrity. Disruption of this balance can compromise the digestive functions, leading to diarrhoeal frame and decline in performance of piglets. However, the level and type of fibre can limit digestive disorders. Thirty newly weaned piglets were used to evaluate the levels of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in diets regarding performance, pH, viscosity and concentration of short chain fatty acids of digestive contents, gastrointestinal transit time, morphology of the intestinal mucosa, weights of organs and occurrence of diarrhoea. NDF level had quadratic effect on weight gain and feed conversion ratio of piglets, estimating best results at the level of 10.4%. NDF level had no effect on the pH, viscosity and concentration of short chain fatty acids. NDF levels below 10.2% or above 13.5% reduced the transit time of digesta. There was quadratic effect on villus height in the duodenum and jejunum and in the crypt depth of jejunum. There was linear increase in stomach, caecum and colon weights and linear decrease in the occurrence of diarrhoea according to increasing NDF levels. It is concluded that levels below 10.2% and above 13.5% reduce the transit time of digesta, whereas 12.2% NDF level results in better mucosa structure of the small intestinal, with an increase in the weights of the stomach, caecum and colon and a reduction in the occurrence of diarrhoea with increasing NDF level in diets, resulting in better performance of weaned piglets with 10.4% of NDF. RESUMO A saúde intestinal em leitões depende do equilíbrio entre dieta, microflora e integridade da mucosa. Perturbações desse equilíbrio podem comprometer as funções digestivas, conduzindo a quadro diarreico e queda no desempenho dos leitões. Nesse sentido, o nível e tipo de fibra podem limitar as perturbações digestivas. Utilizou-se 30 leitões recém desmamados objetivando avaliar níveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nas dietas sobre o desempenho, pH, viscosidade concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta dos conteúdos digestivos, tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal, do ceco, morfologia da mucosa intestinal, pesos dos órgãos e ocorrência de diarreia. Observou-se efeito quadrático do nível de FDN sobre o ganho de peso e conversão alimentar dos leitões, estimando-se melhores resultados no nível de 10,4%. Não houve efeito do nível de FDN sobre o pH, viscosidade e concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta da digesta. Níveis de FDN abaixo 10.2 ou acima de 13,5% reduziu o tempo de trânsito da digesta. Houve efeito quadrático sobre a altura das vilosidades do duodeno e jejuno e na profundidade das criptas do jejuno. Houve aumento linear no peso do estômago e do ceco e cólon e redução linear na ocorrência de diarreia conforme houve aumento dos níveis de FDN. Concluiu-se que níveis abaixo de 10,2 e acima de 13,5% reduzem o tempo de trânsito da digesta, enquanto que o nível de 12,2% de NDF resulta na melhor estrutura da mucosa do intestino delgado, havendo aumento nos pesos de estômago, ceco e cólon e redução da ocorrência de diarréia com o aumento do nível de FDN, resultando um melhor desempenho de leitões desmamados com 10,4% de FDN.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500040.pdf.txt: 26542 bytes, checksum: 4fadc3bfdca5a69948ac8494bde84502 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500040.pdf.txt: 26542 bytes, checksum: 4fadc3bfdca5a69948ac8494bde84502 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000500040.pdf: 170049 bytes, checksum: 98b6f666d38ffb3ff8b376b046af05d7 (MD5) S0102-09352012000500040.pdf.txt: 26542 bytes, checksum: 4fadc3bfdca5a69948ac8494bde84502 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-01 Analisaram-se as qualidades física, química e sensorial, bem como o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com dietas com concentrações crescentes de ractopamina. Foram utilizadas 468 fêmeas, com peso inicial de 84,77±7,20kg, alojadas em 36 baias e alimentadas com dietas contendo 0, 5, 10 ou 15mg de ractopamina/kg. Após o período de 28 dias, dois animais de cada baia, depois de passarem por 15 horas de jejum sólido, foram abatidos. Uma amostra do músculo Longissimus da meia carcaça direita foi colhida para se avaliar as características de qualidade da carne. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da adição de ractopamina às dietas sobre o pH, capacidade de retenção de água, força de cisalhamento, cor e oxidação lipídica da carne. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P0,05) na análise sensorial da carne. Também não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) sobre a composição em ácidos graxos e sobre a relação entre ácidos graxos saturados:insaturados. A adição de até 15mg de ractopamina/kg de dieta não altera as características físicas, sensoriais e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de fêmeas suínas abatidas com 110kg de peso. A study was conducted to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensorial quality and fat acids profile of meat from gilts fed diets containing increasing concentration of ractopamine. A total of 468 gilts with initial weight of 84.77±7.20kg were allotted into 36 pens and fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15mg of ractopamine/kg. After an experimental period of 28 days, two animals from each pen were chosen and slaughtered after 15 hours of fasting. A sample of the Longissimus muscle was collected to evaluate the quality of the pork meat. There was no effect (P>0.05) of ractopamine inclusion in pH, water holding capacity, shear force, color and lipid oxidation. However, a quadratic trend was observed (P0.05). No effects were observed (P>0.05) for fat acids profile and saturated and unsaturated fat acids ratio. In conclusion, the increase of up to 15mg of ractopamine/kg concentration in the diet does not change the physical and sensorial characteristics and the fat acids profile of meat from gilts slaughtered at 110kg of body weight. Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Federal da Paraíba Faculdade da Terra de Brasília Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina Universidade Estadual Paulista

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de extratos etanólicos na ração, obtidos do caroço e da casca da manga, sobre o desempenho de frangos e a oxidação lipídica da carne. Foram utilizados 360 pintos machos da linhagem Ross 308, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de: ração sem adição de antioxidante (controle); ração com adição de 200 ppm do antioxidante butilato de hidroxitolueno (BHT); ração com 200 ou 400 ppm de extrato da casca da manga (ECAS); e ração com 200 ou 400 ppm de extrato do caroço da manga (ECAR). A adição de BHT ou dos extratos da manga não influenciou significativamente o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. A adição de BHT e a de 400 ppm de ECAR proporcionaram maior estabilidade lipídica da carne fresca, mensurada pelas substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico antes do armazenamento. O extrato etanólico do caroço da manga, na dosagem de 200 e 400 ppm, retarda a oxidação lipídica da carne de frangos armazenada por 15 dias.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) S0102-09352011000500020.pdf.txt: 30074 bytes, checksum: ca0b4a39a2905d0c44c556e1697c229e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) S0102-09352011000500020.pdf.txt: 30074 bytes, checksum: ca0b4a39a2905d0c44c556e1697c229e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352011000500020.pdf: 162600 bytes, checksum: 41383d4ef350b43bf04e36a0450297f9 (MD5) S0102-09352011000500020.pdf.txt: 30074 bytes, checksum: ca0b4a39a2905d0c44c556e1697c229e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Avaliou-se economicamente o efeito da inclusãode 0, 5, 10 e 15% de polpa cítrica (PC), com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, sobre o desempenho de 72 suínos, dos 25,71±7,51 aos 98,81±10,64kg de peso. Com este peso final, os animais foram abatidos, e dos valores (R$) da carcaça, incluindo os índices de bonificação, foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e os custos com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Para os custos com alimentação, foi observado aumento linear (P=0,0190), enquanto para as receitas bruta (P=0,0328) e líquida (P=0,0013) parciais foram encontradas reduções lineares em função das porcentagens de PC com ou sem a adição do complexo enzimático. Considerando-se a evolução dos preços do milho, farelo de soja e do suíno durante o ano de 2008, foram determinados 12 cenários diferentes para a receita líquida parcial e, em todos eles, foi observada redução linear em função da inclusão da PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático. Conclui-se que a utilização de PC, com ou sem adição do complexo enzimático, não reduziu os custos com alimentação, não sendo economicamente viável sua inclusão nas rações de suínos em crescimento e terminação. An economic evaluation was done in order to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% of citrus pulp (PC), with or without the addition of the enzyme complex, on the performance of 72 pigs from 25.71±7.51 to 98.81±10.64kg of body weight. The animals were slaughtered when they reached 98.81kg. The purchase value of the animals and feed costs (R$) were discounted from the carcass value, including subsidy rates (R$). A linear increase (P= 0.0190) was observed, while linear reductions were observed for the gross receipts (P=0.0328) and net (P = 0.0013) partials, due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. Considering the evolution of corn, soybean meal and pig prices during 2008, there were some 12 different scenarios for partial and net income determined and in all of them, linear reductions were observed due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. The use of PC with or without the addition of the enzyme complex was unable to reduce the costs of feed. UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Economia Rural UNESP FCAV UNESP FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia UNESP FCAV Departamento de Economia Rural

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of ethanol extracts of mango seed (EEMS) in growing–finishing pig diets on lipid stability and antioxidant potential of feed, animal performance, carcass traits as well as haematological and biochemical parameters in the serum. Thirty-two barrows that were 60 days old and weighed 20.20 ± 1.34 kg were used in a randomised-block design with four treatments and eight replicates. The treatments consisted of the following: diet without antioxidant addition (negative control); diet with 200 mg of butylate hydroxytoluene/kg (positive control); diet with 200 mg EEMS/kg (EEMS200); and diet with 400 mg EEMS/kg (EEMS400). Diet with synthetic (butylate hydroxytoluene) and natural antioxidants presented better oxidative stability and antioxidant potential than did the negative control. Animals fed 400 mg EEMS/kg presented greater weight gain up to 110 days (P < 0.05). Pigs fed diet containing 200 mg EEMS/kg showed a decrease in red blood cells (P < 0.001) and a higher average corpuscular volume (P < 0.0001), whereas pigs fed control diet had lower average corpuscular haemoglobin concentration than did those in other treatments (P < 0.01). At 140 days of age, dietary addition of 400 mg EEMS/kg decreased malondialdehyde and increased antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl method) in serum, with the highest phenolic compound concentration found in the serum of pigs fed diet with 200 mg EEMS/kg. The total antioxidant activity in the serum was not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05). Ethanol mango extracts can be used as an antioxidant in growing–finishing pig diets at levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg without impairment of performance, carcass traits, serum and biochemical parameters. The dietary addition of EEMS at 400 mg/kg improves the performance of pigs at growing phase and contributes to an increase in circulating phenolic compounds, improving the lipid stability and the antioxidant potential of the serum.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352010000400023.pdf: 245603 bytes, checksum: 88afa1770d222fdd9ac8439750a6e44e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352010000400023.pdf: 245603 bytes, checksum: 88afa1770d222fdd9ac8439750a6e44e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352010000400023.pdf: 245603 bytes, checksum: 88afa1770d222fdd9ac8439750a6e44e (MD5) S0102-09352010000400023.pdf.txt: 35049 bytes, checksum: 75a796d0d8242589698efcf1245b3224 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352010000400023.pdf: 245603 bytes, checksum: 88afa1770d222fdd9ac8439750a6e44e (MD5) S0102-09352010000400023.pdf.txt: 35049 bytes, checksum: 75a796d0d8242589698efcf1245b3224 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352010000400023.pdf: 245603 bytes, checksum: 88afa1770d222fdd9ac8439750a6e44e (MD5) S0102-09352010000400023.pdf.txt: 35049 bytes, checksum: 75a796d0d8242589698efcf1245b3224 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-01 Foi realizado um ensaio utilizando 36 suínos machos castrados, com peso inicial de 83,7±5,1kg, para avaliar o efeito da inclusão de polpa cítrica, 0, 10, 20 e 30%, em um programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa para suínos abatidos aos 130kg de peso, sobre o peso dos órgãos do sistema digestório e sobre características da carcaça e da qualidade da carne. A inclusão de polpa cítrica proporcionou aumento linear (P0,05) sobre o rendimento do pernil. Maior inclusão de polpa cítrica não foi suficiente para reduzir a espessura do toucinho e aumentar a quantidade de carne magra na carcaça, mostrando que a restrição alimentar qualitativa não foi eficiente. Foi observado aumento linear (P0.05). Higher levels of citrus pulp neither decreased backfat thickness nor increased amount of lean meat, indicative that qualitative feed restriction was not efficient. Positive linear effect (P

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:41:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-89132010000300028.pdf: 86814 bytes, checksum: 9b0497523155592878af65528c683f99 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-89132010000300028.pdf: 86814 bytes, checksum: 9b0497523155592878af65528c683f99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132010000300028.pdf: 86814 bytes, checksum: 9b0497523155592878af65528c683f99 (MD5) S1516-89132010000300028.pdf.txt: 36135 bytes, checksum: 1c05dc73625ed59ffeaa4b9816cf8af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132010000300028.pdf: 86814 bytes, checksum: 9b0497523155592878af65528c683f99 (MD5) S1516-89132010000300028.pdf.txt: 36135 bytes, checksum: 1c05dc73625ed59ffeaa4b9816cf8af3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132010000300028.pdf: 86814 bytes, checksum: 9b0497523155592878af65528c683f99 (MD5) S1516-89132010000300028.pdf.txt: 36135 bytes, checksum: 1c05dc73625ed59ffeaa4b9816cf8af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados 16 suínos machos castrados da linhagem Topigs, com peso inicial de 80,5±4,7 kg, para a avaliação biológica da polpa cítrica. Por apresentar 18,85% de fibra em detergente neutro e 41,18% de fibra solúvel em detergente neutro, a polpa cítrica mostrou-se como um ingrediente viável a ser utilizado em programas de restrição alimentar qualitativa. No segundo ensaio foram utilizados 36 suínos machos castrados, com peso inicial de 83,7±5,1 kg, recebendo rações com níveis de 0, 10, 20 e 30% de polpa cítrica. Os animais foram abatidos com peso próximo de 130 kg, sendo avaliados quanto ao desempenho e parâmetros séricos. Houve resposta quadrática (P0,05) dos níveis de polpa cítrica sobre a uréia e triacilgliceróis, porém houve resposta quadrática (P0.05), but a quadratic trend existed on cholesterol serological content. Universidade Federal da Paraíba Departamento de Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zootecnia

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352009000100029.pdf: 192345 bytes, checksum: 6a78bc20f891b25ad13e78930a61bca4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352009000100029.pdf: 192345 bytes, checksum: 6a78bc20f891b25ad13e78930a61bca4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:49:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352009000100029.pdf: 192345 bytes, checksum: 6a78bc20f891b25ad13e78930a61bca4 (MD5) S0102-09352009000100029.pdf.txt: 24534 bytes, checksum: 9e93b778818c7fc4d2efe78cfc0fee7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352009000100029.pdf: 192345 bytes, checksum: 6a78bc20f891b25ad13e78930a61bca4 (MD5) S0102-09352009000100029.pdf.txt: 24534 bytes, checksum: 9e93b778818c7fc4d2efe78cfc0fee7f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352009000100029.pdf: 192345 bytes, checksum: 6a78bc20f891b25ad13e78930a61bca4 (MD5) S0102-09352009000100029.pdf.txt: 24534 bytes, checksum: 9e93b778818c7fc4d2efe78cfc0fee7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-01 Avaliou-se o custo de inclusão da polpa cítrica em programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa, utilizando dados de desempenho de 36 suínos da linhagem Topigs, dos 83,7±5,1kg aos 129,8±1,9kg de peso, alimentados com dietas contendo porcentagens crescentes (0, 10, 20 e 30%) de polpa cítrica. Os animais foram abatidos aos 130kg e dos valores (R$) da carcaça foram descontados o valor de compra dos animais e o custo com alimentação, de acordo com cada tratamento. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da inclusão da polpa cítrica sobre o custo com ração e receita bruta, porém houve efeito linear negativo (P0.05) of the inclusion of citrus pulp on ration cost and gross income was observed. A negative linear effect (

Foram realizados dois ensaios de metabolismo, utilizando-se oito suínos, machos castrados, em fase de crescimento, em cada ensaio. No ensaio 1, foram comparados os teores de MS, PB, EB, EE, MM e FDN das fezes colhidas por meio de dois métodos: diretamente do reto do animal ou da caixa coletora da gaiola, realizados simultaneamente em cada suíno. No ensaio 2, foi estudado o balanço de minerais, sendo os animais submetidos a dois tratamentos: T1 - ração basal e T2 - ração basal + 200 ppm de probiótico. Os teores dos nutrientes mensurados foram similares nas fezes colhidas em ambos os métodos, com exceção da MS. Para o balanço de minerais, não houve diferença (p > 0,05) entre os animais alimentados com rações, contendo ou não probiótico. Ambos os métodos de colheita de fezes poderiam ser realizados, simultaneamente, em ensaios de balanço de minerais.Two metabolism assays were conducted, with eight growing castrated male crossbred pigs in each assay. In the first assay, the levels of DM, CP, GE, EE, MM and NDF were compared in feces, collected through two different methods: directly from the animal’s rectum or from a collection tray, collected simultaneously from each pig. The second assay evaluated the animals’ mineral balance. For this study, the animals were submitted to two treatments: T1 - basal feed and T2 - basal feed + 200ppm of probiotic. The nutrients levels were similar in the feces collected through both methods, with the exception of DM. There was no observable difference (p > 0.05) in mineral balance between the animals fed diets containing or not probiotic. Both collection methods can be undertaken simultaneously in mineral balance assays.

A study was aimed to evaluate the effects of cashew nut meal inclusion (CNM) on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics of meat quails. A total of 432 meat quails with 7 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and nine replicates of eight birds each. Treatments were obtained with inclusion of CNM at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 g/kg. According to regression analysis, the inclusion of CNM, at levels above 50 g/kg, provided a linear reduction in digestibility of dry matter and metabolizable energy of diets, linear increase in feed intake and an increase in feed conversion ratio, not influencing weight gain and carcass characteristics. Comparing the results obtained with the different inclusion levels compared to those obtained with the diet without CNM (control group), it was noted that diets with 200 g/kg of CNM inclusion, the dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy of diet were lower and the level of 250 g/kg provided higher feed intake. Considering the results, it can be inferred that cashew nut meal can be used as a feedstuff in meat quail's diets at levels up to 250 g/kg.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of mango extracts on lipid stability and the coloring of broiler chicken breast meat during frozen storage. The treatments consisted of broiler chicken diet without antioxidants (control) and diets containing antioxidants: 200 ppm of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 200 ppm of mango peel extract (MPE), 400 ppm of MPE, 200 ppm of mango seed extract (MSE), and 400 ppm of MSE. The broiler breasts were stored for 90 days and analysis of lipid oxidation and color was performed every 30 days. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values increased during storage and at 90 days, but the 400 ppm MSE treatment yielded lower values, indicating greater antioxidant activity. During storage, the lightness values decreased and the redness increased. Additions of 200 ppm BHT and 400 ppm MPE increased yellowness at 60 days of storage. Thus, mango peel and seed extracts added to broiler chicken diets reduce lipid oxidation and maintain color in breast meat during frozen storage, with mango seed extract at 400 ppm being the most effective.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of limestone particle sizes in the diet and of lighting regimes on the egg and bone quality and on the performance of commercial laying hens. Three hundred Hissex White layers, at 18 weeks of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 5×2 factorial arrangement (coarse limestone in the diet at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%; with or without artificial light), with five replicates of six birds. No significant interaction was observed between particle sizes and lighting regime for the evaluated parameters. There was no significant effect of coarse limestone level in the diet on the performance and egg quality of hens; however, bone deformity (3.23 to 4.01 mm), strength (5.19 to 6.70 kgf cm-2), and mineral matter (51.09 to 59.61%) improved as the proportion of coarse limestone increased. For lighting regime, the treatment with artificial light yielded higher Haugh unit values (87.17 vs. 85.54) than that with natural light only. Greater limestone particles improve bone quality of laying hens, and the use of artificial light can benefit the albumen quality of the eggs. Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de tamanhos de partículas de calcário na dieta e de regimes de luz artificial sobre a qualidade de ovos e de ossos e o desempenho de galinhas poedeiras comerciais. Utilizaram-se 300 poedeiras Hissex White, com 18 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 5x2 (tratamentos com calcário grosso na dieta a 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%; com ou sem luz artificial), com cinco repetições de seis aves. Não se observou interação significativa entre o tamanho das partículas e a iluminação quanto aos parâmetros avaliados. Não houve efeito significativo da percentagem de calcário grosso na ração sobre o desempenho e a qualidade do ovo das galinhas; no entanto, a deformidade (3,23 a 4,01 mm), a resistência à quebra (5,19 a 6,70 kgf cm-2) e a matéria mineral dos ossos (51,09 a 59,61%) melhoraram com o aumento da proporção de calcário grosso. Quanto ao regime de iluminação, o tratamento com luz artificial apresentou maiores valores de unidade Haugh (87,17 vs. 85,54) do que aquele apenas com luz natural. As maiores partículas de calcário melhoram a qualidade óssea das galinhas poedeiras, e a utilização da luz artificial pode favorecer a qualidade do albúmen dos ovos.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:33:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652018000100439.pdf: 432289 bytes, checksum: 4e0e95a0399349565f89411434b2ec42 (MD5) ABSTRACT A total 120 piglets with an average live weight of 7.00 kg, weaned at 21 days, were used to evaluate the effect of neutral detergent fibre levels on the digestibility of nutrients and energy from the diets, productive performance, and the composition and rate of deposition of nutrients and energy in the bodies of piglets in the nursery phase. The animals were distributed according to a randomized-block design into five treatments, which consisted of neutral detergent fibre levels, with six replicates and four animals per plot. A quadratic effect was detected for the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and energy, feed intake and weight gain. The increase in fibre level promoted a linear increase in fat content in the carcass, blood, and body, whereas the energy in the carcass, organs, and body showed an inverse response. The results showed a quadratic effect on the nutrient deposition rate in the carcass, organs and body. In conclusion, the best digestibility of nutrients and energy from the diet is obtained with 10-11.5% neutral detergent fibre, as higher weight gain and greater protein deposition in the body are achieved at neutral detergent fibre levels of 10.6% and 10.3%, respectively. Universidade Federal do Ceará Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Syzygium cumini leaves (SCL) in laying hens diets on productive performance, egg quality and lipid oxidation of yolk. A total of 108 Hysex White laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates of six birds each. The treatments consisted of SCL inclusion at dietary levels of 0, 5 and 10 g/kg. There was no significant effect of SCL inclusion on feed intake, laying percentage, weight and egg mass, feed conversion ratio, Haugh units, specific gravity, percentage of yolk, albumen and egg shells and shell thickness. However, the inclusion of SCL significantly influenced the yolk color and yolk lipid oxidation measured by TBARS values. Yolk color increased and TBARS values ​​decreased with the inclusion of SCL. The inclusion of SCL in laying hens diets improves pigmentation and lipid stability of yolk.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:06:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982006000200033.pdf: 214017 bytes, checksum: 66bb090738b6a26df16758f9678700d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982006000200033.pdf: 214017 bytes, checksum: 66bb090738b6a26df16758f9678700d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:02:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982006000200033.pdf: 214017 bytes, checksum: 66bb090738b6a26df16758f9678700d0 (MD5) S1516-35982006000200033.pdf.txt: 36719 bytes, checksum: a9d5af72a8580c337d1e5e218fafd056 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:18:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982006000200033.pdf: 214017 bytes, checksum: 66bb090738b6a26df16758f9678700d0 (MD5) S1516-35982006000200033.pdf.txt: 36719 bytes, checksum: a9d5af72a8580c337d1e5e218fafd056 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:18:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982006000200033.pdf: 214017 bytes, checksum: 66bb090738b6a26df16758f9678700d0 (MD5) S1516-35982006000200033.pdf.txt: 36719 bytes, checksum: a9d5af72a8580c337d1e5e218fafd056 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-01 Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a substituição parcial (70%) do milho moído pela casca de soja ou pelo farelo de gérmen de milho em dietas contendo farelo de girassol e uréia (fontes nitrogenadas) e silagem de milho (volumoso) para novilhos Nelore em confinamento. Avaliaram-se o consumo, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o rendimento de carcaça de 21 animais (25 meses de idade e peso inicial de 343 kg) alimentados com as dietas-teste, fornecidas na proporção 60:40 volumoso:concentrado. O período de avaliação do consumo e do ganho de peso foi de 97 dias. Os consumos de MS (10,78; 9,73 e 10,62 kg/dia), PB (1,40; 1,22 e 1,41 kg/dia) e FDN (3,41; 3,89 e 3,60 kg/dia) não foram influenciados pelas dietas com milho moído, casca de soja e farelo de gérmen de milho, respectivamente. O consumo de FDA (0,56; 0,71 e 0,55% PV) apresentou efeito significativo, observando-se maior valor quando a casca de soja substituiu 70% do milho moído. O ganho de peso não foi influenciado pelas dietas, registrando-se valores de 1,35; 1,29 e 1,32 kg/dia para as dietas contendo milho moído, casca de soja e farelo de gérmen de milho, respectivamente. Não houve efeito, também, sobre a conversão alimentar (7,88 kg de MS ingerida/kg ganho), a eficiência alimentar (0,12 kg ganho/kg MS ingerida) e o rendimento de carcaça (54,52%). A substituição parcial do milho moído pela casca de soja e pelo farelo de gérmen de milho em dietas para novilhos em confinamento não afeta o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça. The objective of this trial was to study the partial replacement of ground corn with soybean hulls or corn germ meal in diets containing sunflower meal and urea as nitrogen sources and corn silage as forage for confined Nellore steers. Twenty-one steers averaging 25 months of age and 343 kg of initial body weight were assigned to diets containing a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40. The period for measurements of intake and weight gain lasted 97 days. No significant differences were observed for intakes of dry matter (10.78, 9.73, and 10.62 kg/day), crude protein (1.40, 1.22, and 1.41 kg/day), and neutral detergent fiber (3.41, 3.89, and 3.60 kg/day), respectively, for diets containing ground corn, soybean hulls, and corn germ meal. However, intake of acid detergent fiber was highest (0.71% BW) for steers consuming the diet that soybean hulls replaced 70% of ground corn. Weight gain did not differ averaging 1.35, 1.29, and 1.32 kg/day feeding ground corn, soybean seed hulls, and corn germ meal, respectively. In addition, no significant differences were observed for feed conversion (7.88 kg of DMI/kg of weight gain), feed efficiency (0.12 weight gain/kg of DMI), and carcass dressing (54.52%) across treatments. It can be concluded that soybean hulls and corn germ meal can partially replace ground corn in diets for confined steers because both production and carcass dressing were maintained. Unesp FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia Unesp FCAV Unesp FCAV Departamento de Zootecnia Unesp FCAV

A trial was conducted to evaluate quality of quail eggs from two companies (A and B) at two storage times (5 and 15 days after packing). A total of 480 eggs were kept at room temperature and distributed in a completely randomized design in 2x2factorial arrangement (companies and storage time). The results indicated that trays from company B presented higher weight, as well as mean egg weight. However, the eggs in trays from company A showed greater uniformity. Evaluating the external quality, we found that above 90% of eggshell were considered with total integrity, and no difference for this characteristic between companies was found. The eggs from company A presented lower average weight in comparison to those from company B, regarding storage time. No differences were observed between eggs from companies A and B for Haugh unit value. Storage time of 15 days after packing promoted reduction in Haugh unit value in comparison to those stored for 5 days. Quail eggs from company A presented lower variation in weight, although heavier eggs are produced by company B. Internal quality of quail eggs from both companies was similar. Storage time affected eggs quality. O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a qualidade de ovos de codorna de duas empresas (A e B) em dois tempos de armazenamento (5 e 15 dias após data de embalagem). Um total de 480 ovos foram mantidos em temperatura ambiente e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (empresas e tempo de armazenamento). Os resultados indicam que as bandejas de ovos da companhia B apresentaram maior peso, como também no peso médio dos ovos. No entanto, os ovos em bandejas da empresa A apresentou maior uniformidade. Avaliando-se a qualidade externa, foi observada que acima de 90% dos ovos apresentaram cascas com total integridade, e não houve diferença para esta característica entre as empresas. Os ovos da empresa A apresentaram peso médio menor em comparação com os da empresa B, indenpendente do tempo de armazenamento. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os ovos de empresas A e B para valores de unidade Haugh. O tempo de armazenamento de 15 dias após a embalagem promoveu a redução nos valores de unidade Haugh em relação aos armazenados por 5 dias. Ovos de codorna da empresa A apresentaram menor variação de peso, embora os ovos da empresa B tenham apresentado maior peso. Os ovos de ambas as empresas apresentaram mais de 90% de ovos com integridade total da casca. A qualidade interna de ovos de codorna de ambas as empresas foram semelhantes, apesar do tempo de armazenamento ter afetado as características qualitativas dos mesmos.